13 Ed Gulski Praesentation

Die Anwendung von gedmpften Weichselspannungen fr Vor-Ort Prfung und Zustandsbestimmung von Hochspannungskabeln
Edward GULSKI, onsite hv solutions, Switzerland Robert BACH, onsite hv technology, Germany
Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012
Die Anwendung von gedmpften Weichselspannungen fr Vor-Ort Prfung und Zustandsbestimmung von Hochspannungskabeln
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
General aspects of modern testing of (E)HV power cables Damped AC voltage Monitored testing procedures Field examples Conclusions
HV and EHV power cables for rated voltages up to 380 kV
New installed cables
Important issue: to exclude poor workmanship (installation defects)
Quality / system integrity of the cable circuit
More details in Cigre Brochures No. 279 and No. 358
Testing
HV and EHV power cables for rated voltages up to 380 kV
Service aged cables
Important issue: to detect local aging and check insulation degradation status
Availability / reliability of the cable circuit
More details in Cigre Brochures No. 279 and No. 358
Diagnosis
Modern On-site Testing and Diagnosis
Cable type
Test purpose
DC
VLF 0.1Hz
AC 20-300Hz
DAC 20-300Hz
XLPE Transmission networks (E)HV
Installation test / Acceptance test Maintenance test / Diagnostic test
No** No** Yes No
No* No* No* No*
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Oilfilled
Installation test / Acceptance test Maintenance test / Diagnostic test
Internationally not recommended
Internationally in use
* according to [1] IEC 60840 Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 30 kV (Um = 36 kV) up to 150 kV (Um = 170 kV) Test methods and requirements. [2] IEC 62067, Standard Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 150 kV (Um = 170 kV) up to 500 kV (Um ** according to [3] Recommendations for a new after laying test method for HV extruded cable systems CIGRE 1990, Paris, paper 21-105 [4] CIGRE WG 21-09; After-laying tests o HV extruded cable systems; Elektra 173, August 1997 Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012
Modern On-site Testing and Diagnosis
Damped AC (DAC) voltage application has been introduced end of 80s by Cigre Study Committee 21 Insulated Cables as an effective method for on-site testing, represents the newest technological progress in power electronics and advanced signal processing, is characterized by lightweight and high level of mobility, compactness versus output voltage, system assembling and voltage erecting effort, necessary power demand for long lengths, possibility of sensitive PD detection and dissipation factor
After-laying testing of new installed HV and EHV cables using DAC Technology
What is damped AC voltage ?
[Ref] Aucourt, C., Boone, W., Kalkner, W., Naybour, R.D. Ombello, F. "Recommendations for a New After Laying Test Method for High Voltage Extruded Cable Systems." CIGRE Paper No. 21-105, August, 1990
1.
Electrical stress versus withstand destructiveness: breakdown effectiveness for insulation defects: AC and DAC are complementary /alternative methods, harmless or harmful for defect free insulation: is harmless for the dielectric, if no artificial defects are present, Influences of the DAC test parameters: DAC frequency: no significant effect the damping rate: does not play an important role number of excitations: appears to be an important parameter; the breakdown voltage decreases as the number of shots increases charging time: does not seem to have an important effect
2.
[Ref]: 8th ISH Yokohama (1993)
Using damped AC voltage used was 10kHz (called oscillating voltage) and regarding other alternative voltages conformity has been found for: PD inception voltage for strong inhomogeneous configuration Treeing growth in new and old XLPE cable insulation for strong inhomogeneous configuration
What is damped AC voltage ? Example of a continuous AC voltage source Example of a damped AC voltage source
On-site testing and PD measurement on a 150 kV XLPE cable at KEMA, The Netherlands, 1994
[Ref] ISBN 90-73192-5-6
On-site testing and PD measurement on a 150 kV external gas pressurized cable at a Dutch utility Nuon, The Netherlands, 2007
technological progress
Modern On-site Testing and Diagnosis International survey about using damped AC voltages (2007) General purpose of using DAC voltages
for DAC voltage withstand testing including partial discharge measurement
for DAC voltage withstand testing
23%
52% 25%
for dielectric losses measurement
[Ref] IEEE PES Insulated Conductor Committee Spring 2008 Meeting, Minutes F05D Damped AC Voltages Testing
DAC Testing
System in use: up to 350 kV damped sinusoidal voltages (DAC) in the frequency range of 20Hz up to 500Hz, Technology has been introduced by Lemke Diagnostics and SebaKMT in Germany and by Seitz Instruments AG in Switzerland end of 90s, In last 12 years worldwide about 350 DAC systems are successfully implemented for testing and diagnosis of distribution and transmission power cables using different DAC solutions.
375 350 325 300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 1999 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Max. test voltage
Year
250kV DAC system for testing (E)HV power cables up to 30km length
Weight: 960kg Supply voltage: 5kW Output: DAC 250kVpeak (20Hz - 300Hz) Test object: power cables 220kV up to 30km
Example: After laying testing package before service operation 380kV
OWTS HV Technology damped AC voltage source (20Hz-300Hz) (IEC60270) PD detection at the near termination
Power cable circuit
1. After laying testing package before service operation 2. Package condition monitoring during service operation
DAC systems for testing (E)HV power cables
DAC system max. 150kV

Type HV 150 x U0 3.7 2.8 1.7 1.4 1.2 0.8 Type HV 250 x U0 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.4 1.3 0.9 x U0 3.2 2.9 1.9 1.9 1.3 1.1

Type HV 350
Network voltage [kV] 50 66 110 132 150 220 230 330 380
OWTS HV Technology Examples of typical damped ac voltage frequencies for different lengths of two typical 230kV power cables Length [km] 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 20 XLPE (C=200pF/m) [Hz] 258 183 129 91 65 46 32 29 Oil filled (C=350pF/m) [Hz] 195 138 98 69 49 35 24 22
DAC 250 kV system
E.g. testing with damped AC (29Hz) of 20km 230kV XLPE Cable possible with one system of 970kg)
OWTS HV Technology
Applicability for HV and EHV power cables
Results of several successful comparison tests as published by Cigre (1990), TU Delft/Kema (1999), Cesi (2002), Singapore Power (2007), EuroTest (2007), TU Helsinki (2007), Prysmian Cables and Systems BV (2009), EPRI State Grid, China (2010), Twentsche Kabel Fabriek BV (2010)
Damped sinusoidal ac voltages in the range of 20Hz- 300Hz are equivalent to continuous 20Hz300Hz ac voltages
All comparison tests have demonstrated the applicability of damped ac (dac) voltages !
Important international recommendations used
General IEC 60060-3: High Voltage test techniques Part 3: Definitions and requirements for onsite testing; On-site testing IEEE 400: Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above; HD 632 S2 (CENELEC): Power cables with extruded insulation and their accessories for rated voltages above 36kV (Um=42kV) up to 150kV (Um= 170kV) IEC 60840: Power cables with extruded insulation and the accessories for rated voltages above 30kV up to 150kV Test methods and requirements; IEC 62067: Power cables with extruded insulation and the accessories for rated voltages above 150kV; IEEE 400.4: Guide for Field-Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above with Damped Alternating Current Voltage (DAC) (draft under preparation) Standardized PD detection IEEE 400.3: Guide for PD Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment; IEC 60270: Partial discharges measurements; IEC 885-3: Test methods for partial discharges measurements on lengths of extruded power cable; Dissipation Factor measurement IEC 60141: Tests on oil-filled and gas-pressure cables and their accessories; IEEE 1425: Guide for the Evaluating of the Remaining Life of Impregnated Paper-insulated Transmission Cables Systems
DAC voltage excitation
Display snapshot: 250kV damped AC with standardized PD measurement

Damped AC voltage excitation
U [kVpeak]
e.g. 10 t [s]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
t [ms]
Energizing phase Time scale in [s] Switching phase Time scale in [s]
LC resonance phase Time scale in [ms]
Damped AC test circuit

HV power source dU/dt kV PD HV Divider HV Inductor
Test DUT object
PD Detector
(a)
Energizing phase
HV Switch
HV power source
HV Divider HV Inductor
Test object DUT
PD Detector
PD
LC resonance phase
(b)
HV Switch
Important Characteristics of DAC Testing
Damped AC stress represents E-stresses similar to factory testing conditions: Energizing phase: due to AC field distribution no DC stress, due to continuous uni-polar voltage increase no steady-state condition, due to E-field (< 20kV/mm) and relatively short durations (tens of seconds) no space charge accumulation, due to immediate switching after the maximum voltage is reached, no steady state condition, Switching phase: due to low cable inductance no transient over-voltages, LC resonance phase: due to AC stresses similar condition for PD inception, PD amplitudes due to AC stresses similar behavior for breakdown condition of homogenous defects, due to bipolar AC discharging process no remaining charges
DAC Testing
DAC test voltages levels (20 Hz..500 Hz) as recommended for DAC testing (50 DAC excitations) of new installed power cables. Power cable rated voltage [kV] 6 10 15 20 30 45-47 60-69 110-115 132-138 150-161 220-230 275-287 330-345 Uo [kV] DAC test voltage level VT [kVpeak] * 13 21 31 42 64 74 102 181 187 212 254 297 353 N x Uo
3.6 6 8.7 12 18 26 36 64 76 87 127 160 190
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.73 1.73 1.42 1.31 1.32
DAC Testing
DAC test voltages levels (20 Hz..500 Hz) as recommended for maintenance testing (50 DAC excitations) of repaired /refurbished power cables. Power cable rated voltage [kV] 6 10 15 20 30 45-47 60-69 110-115 132-138 150-161 220-230 275-287 330-345 380-400 Uo [kV] DAC test voltage level VT [kVpeak] 10 17 25 34 51 60 82 145 150 170 203 238 282 294 N x Uo
3.6 6 8.7 12 18 26 36 64 76 87 127 160 190 220
1.36 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.36 1.6 1.6 1.36 1.4 1.4 1.14 1.05 1.05 1.0
DAC Testing
DAC voltage withstand phase Test duration: NDAC e.g. 50
VT
DAC voltage withstand level
PD If
AC
V e.g. 0.2Uo
ye s
Basic parameters of damped AC testing Maximum DAC test voltage level VT [kVpeak] Test voltage steps V [kVpeak]
see tables maximum DAC test voltage levels
If
no
NDAC e.g. 5
->
fre e inc ? r e ev as alu e at e ->
lta vo
ge
s ea cr in
e as ph
Number of DAC excitations per voltage step: NDAC/ V DAC voltage withstand test duration NDAC
0.2U0 5 50
Testing Procedures
New installed cables
Repaired / refurbished cables
Service aged cables
Acceptance test
Maintenance test
Diagnostic test
DAC voltage withstand test
Diagnostic parameters partial discharges (PD) dissipation factor (tan)
Non-monitored
Monitored
Evaluation
criteria Pass/Fail
Principles of DAC withstand test
VT [kV]
VT [kV]
VT [kV]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1. 2.
The duration of the test is determined by a number of DAC excitations e.g. 50 which have been applied to the test object at a selected max. DAC test voltage. The maximum DAC withstand voltage level is determined by the voltage peak values VDAC respectively RMS-values VDAC/2 of the 1st DAC cycle. 1. a) b) c) d) The best-practice (IEEE D3 400.4) shows that: In case of after-laying testing of new cables the max. test voltage levels are used conform the IEC standards or national regulations In the case of maintenance / diagnostic testing the max. test voltage levels are reduced to 75%..80% The duration is based on a number of DAC excitations is fixed at 50x at maximum test voltage level In the case of short cable length where the duration of 50 DAC excitations is much shorter than 1 hour, then 1 hour of DAC excitations is recommended
Monitored testing using DAC
DAC maximum test voltage
increase phase
withstand phase
increase phase
withstand phase
(a)
PD background noise
(b)
PD
Start test time
NDAC
End test time
Start test time
NDAC
End test time
increase phase
withstand phase PD
increase phase
withstand phase
(c)
Breakdown
(d)
Start test time
NDAC
End test time
Start test time
Breakdown
PD
NDAC
End test time
Evaluation monitored testing of (E) HV power cables using DAC
No breakdown during DAC voltage withstand test
No breakdown during DAC voltage withstand test
PD not present Case: no weak-spot(s) Breakdown during DAC voltage withstand test
PD present Case: inhomogeneous defects Breakdown during DAC voltage withstand test
PD present Case: large inhomogenous defect(s)
PD not present Case: large homogenous defect(s)
DAC Testing
(1) Test object and system preparation (1h)
(2) Test circuit calibration: accessories identification (0.5h) (3) On-site testing, diagnosis (3 x 1 h)
(4) Data analysis and report generation (1h) (5) Cable status assessment System installation, testing and measurement 230kV (3 phases) in less 6 hours
DAC Test Evaluation
No breakdown during DAC
Breakdown during DAC test
PD observed
PD not observed
Test failed
Harmful PD
PD analysis Harmless PD
Test passed
DAC Testing
DAC excitations
During DAC withstand test continuous PD monitoring controls the impact of the over-voltage stresses
DAC voltage testing
Dissipation factor
DAC Diagnosis
PD defect localization Partial discharges
diagnosis
Dissipation factor
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.40 L1 L2 L3 0.80 x Uo 1.00 1.36
The use of diagnostic parameters supports the evaluation: PD detection: localisation of weak spots Dissipation factor (tan): integral insulation degradation
Diel. Losses
Practical Examples
Test van for transportation of a complete 150kV or 250kV damped AC system
Example 1:
After-laying test 50kV XLPE (12km)
Testing DAC frequency:28Hz; Cable load:4.2uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise <10pC (at 1.7Uo) Test in accordance to Dutch NEN 3630 recommendation: voltage withstands testing using AC resonance system 25-200 Hz applied at 2.5xUo: PD monitored withstand testing by using damped sinusoidal AC voltages (25-200 Hz) for 1 hour testing at 2.5Uo.
180 160 140

PD (pC)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 200 400 600 180 160
Voltage (kV Peak)
PD D-Losses Voltage
200
400
600
800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600
D-losses (%)
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 2,600 2,800 3,000 3,200 3,400 3,600 Time (s) N:\...\yellow .vw d Tuesday, October 05, 2010 1:18 AM
Example 2:
Maintenance test 110kV XLPE (8km)
Testing DAC frequency:52Hz; Cable load:1.69uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise <8pC History: joint failure during 6 years after successful non-monitored installation test (IEC 60840) PD pattern and PD mapping at 1.1Uo
PD pattern and PD mapping at 1.3Uo
Example 3:
Maintenance test 110kV XLPE (4km)
Testing DAC frequency:75Hz; Cable load:0.8uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise < 5pC History: joint failure during 6 after successful non-monitored installation test (IEC 60840)
At 1.3Uo before
At 1.3Uo after
voltage withstand test: 50 DAC excitations at 1.3Uo
Example 4:
After-laying test 150kV XLPE (4.5km)
Testing DAC frequency:62Hz; Cable load:0.92uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise <20pC History: non-conclusive breakdown after few minute of non-monitored AC withstand test at 2.5Uo (NEN3660)
8000 Q-V 7000 6000 5000
0.98xUo
Breakdown
pC
4000 3000 2000
0.9xUo
PDIV
0 20 40 60 kVpeak 80 100 120 140
1000 0
0.73xUo
0.6xUo
Joint with a breakdown
PD patterns
Example 5:
Diagnostic test 220kV XLPE (0.9km)
Testing DAC frequency:183Hz; Cable load:0.14uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise <10pC History: no failures during 17 years after successful non-monitored installation test (IEC 62067)
PD pattern and PD mapping at 1.1Uo
PDIV > Uo (180kVpeak)
Example 7:
On-site Testing and Dissipation Factor Diagnosis
For more details see also A.8.3
For oil-impregnated cable circuits the damped AC (DAC) voltage on-site testing and dissipation factor measurements can be performed at HV conditions and at power frequency testing range (20Hz-300Hz)
Example 8:
Maintenance test 230kV HPFF (27.5km)
Testing DAC frequency:20Hz; Cable load:8.5uF; PD (IEC 60270) background noise <10pC (at 1.36Uo) History: Age 28 years (high operational load)
Diel. Losses
As a result of 50 DAC excitations at 1.36Uo of DAC over-voltage no breakdown has been observed. No PD activity has been observed At 1.33Uo the max. tan value was between 0.8% and 0.9% The tan was between 0.35% and 0.4%
2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.40 L1 L2 L3 0.80 x Uo 1.00 1.36
Conclusions
1. DAC is applicable for onsite monitored testing of new and service aged MV and (E)HV power cables and accessories. Standardized PD detection can be sensitively achieved under on-site conditions to detect discharging defects in accessories. The best-practice shows that: a) In case of after-laying testing of new cables the max. test voltage levels are defined in the IEC standards b) In the case of maintenance / diagnostic testing the max. test voltage levels are reduced to 75%..80% c) The duration is based on a number of DAC excitations is fixed at 50x at maximum test voltage level d) The DAC voltage increase is based on max 5 DAC excitations every 0.2Uo In the case of short cable length where the duration of 50 DAC excitations is e) much shorter than 1 hour, then 1 hour of DAC excitations is recommended The use of standardised PD detection and the estimation of dissipation factor to monitor the voltage testing provides additional information about the discharging defects and insulation degradation (OF cables). Application of DAC testing In combination with distributed PD Agents PD provides sensitive detection in long length power cables circuits
2.
3.
4.
5.
Thank you for your attention !
Continuous AC and damped AC on-site testing Why damped AC testing is more efficient and effective as compared to continuous AC on-site testing ?
Comparison of application aspects between using continuous AC and damped AC on-site testing After-laying testing for (E)HV power cables Diagnostic testing for (E)HV power cables Ability for efficient testing long length (10km +) Transportation and execution costs Space required for the test set up on-site Test set-up effort/duration on-site System mobility Size versus output power Power demand per unit length of cable system
Continuous AC
Damped AC
X X High Large Days Large/heavy Low portability Large Large
Low Small Hours Small/light High portability Small Small
Continuous AC and damped AC on-site testing Why damped AC testing is more efficient and effective as compared to continuous AC on-site testing ?
Comparison of technical aspects between using continuous AC and damped AC on-site testing Necessary power demand for long lengths Possibility of standardized PD detection Voltage source background noise Sensitive PD detection in cable accessories PD detection in cable insulation Dissipation Factor (tan ) estimation Thermal stability for multiple uses a day e.g. 8 hours History of using for MV networks History on using for (E)HV networks
Continuous AC
Damped AC
Large X Very High X X X X X 10 years
Small Very Low 10 years 5 years
Contacts
onsite hv solutions AG Tpferstrasse 5 6004 Luzerne Switzerland onsite hv solutions Benelux B.V. Van der Kunstraat 10 4251 LN Werkendam The Netherlands onsite hv solutions China MU Mucomac Services Co., Ltd No. 5 Building, LingXing Industrial Park ShiLou Town, Panyu District GuangZhou P.R. China Post Code: 511447 onsite hv solutions Americas Inc. 23 Cardico Drive, Unit 2 Gormley, Ontario, L0H 1G0 Canada Email: info@onsitehv.com www.onsitehv.com onsite hv technology AG Brnigstrasse 25 6055 Alpnach Switzerland www.onsitehv.com
Phone: +41 41 500 0550 Fax: +41 41 500 0551
Phone: +31 183 304 831 Fax: +31 183 302 008
Phone: +86 20 3485 -2688 or -2366 Fax: +86 20 3485 2066
Phone: +01 (905) 888-7770 Fax: + 01 (905) 888-7772
Phone: +41 41 500 5120 Fax: +41 41 500 551

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Die Anwendung von gedmpften Weichselspannungen fr Vor-Ort Prfung und Zustandsbestimmung von Hochspannungskabeln

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

HV and EHV power cables for rated voltages up to 380 kV

New installed cables

Important issue: to exclude poor workmanship (installation defects)

Quality / system integrity of the cable circuit

More details in Cigre Brochures No. 279 and No. 358

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

HV and EHV power cables for rated voltages up to 380 kV

Service aged cables

Availability / reliability of the cable circuit

More details in Cigre Brochures No. 279 and No. 358

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Modern On-site Testing and Diagnosis

XLPE Transmission networks (E)HV

Installation test / Acceptance test Maintenance test / Diagnostic test

No** No** Yes No

No* No* No* No*

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Installation test / Acceptance test Maintenance test / Diagnostic test

Internationally not recommended

Modern On-site Testing and Diagnosis

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

What is damped AC voltage ?

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

[Ref]: 8th ISH Yokohama (1993)

for DAC voltage withstand testing

Max. test voltage

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Example: After laying testing package before service operation 380kV

Power cable circuit

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

DAC systems for testing (E)HV power cables

DAC system max. 150kV

DAC system max. 250kV

DAC system max. 350kV

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Applicability for HV and EHV power cables

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Important international recommendations used

DAC voltage excitation

Display snapshot: 250kV damped AC with standardized PD measurement

Damped AC voltage excitation

LC resonance phase Time scale in [ms]

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Damped AC test circuit

Test DUT object

Test object DUT

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

Important Characteristics of DAC Testing

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

3.6 6 8.7 12 18 26 36 64 76 87 127 160 190

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

3.6 6 8.7 12 18 26 36 64 76 87 127 160 190 220

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

DAC voltage withstand phase Test duration: NDAC e.g. 50

DAC voltage withstand level

fre e inc ? r e ev as alu e at e ->

Stuttgarter Hochspannungssymposium 6/7 Mrz 2012

New installed cables

Repaired / refurbished cables

Service aged cables

No No Yes No