Conclusions-I In the present project, the effect of longitudinal magnetic field on buckling characteristics of an equivalent continuum structure (ECS)

of single-layer graphene sheet (GS) embedded in elastic medium is studied. Nonlocal governing equation of motion for an ECS of GS under a longitudinal magnetic field is derived by considering the Lorentz magnetic force obtained from Maxwells relations. The magnetic field introduces decrease in buckling load and it means that the in the presence of the magnetic field, the GS becomes softer and leads to buckle early as compared to bare GS. This happens for lower buckling modes. This result is new and should be considered for the design of the spintronics. It is suggested that the use of GS for spintronics applications needs to choose a thick graphene sheet. The effect of the strength of the magnetic field on the higher modes is also significant. At higher modes thin GS is sufficient to hold the loads and it also becomes stronger. It has been concluded that, the application of GS on spintronics needs morphing or shape change GS based on nanoscale shape memory alloys. The effects of the magnetic field strength, elastic matrix stiffness and nonlocal parameter on the buckling properties of GS are also investigated. The results presented in this project work can provide useful guidance for the study and design of the next generation of nanodevices such as nano-oscillators, micro-wave absorbing, nano-electron technology and nano-electro-magnetomechanical systems (NEMMS) that make use of the buckling properties of single-layer GSs embedded in elastic medium.

Conclusions-II In this project work, theoretical nonlocal elasticity is developed for the free bending-vibration of a double-nanobeam-system (DNBS) with consideration of visco-elastic medium and thermal stresses induced by temperature effects. The nonlocal governing equations for this system are developed based on the Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. An exact analytical method is developed for determining the nonlocal frequencies of transversely vibrating DNBS. The study shows that nonlocal effects are important in the transverse vibration of DNBS. Nonlocal effects reduce the frequencies of the NDNBS. Increasing the stiffness of the springs in DNBS reduces the nonlocal effects. The small-scale effects in natural frequencies of NDNBS are more prominent. Thermal effects induced in this system are also effective in the determination of the response of the system along with the visco elastic effects. The mode number also plays major role in the natural frequencies. All of these parameters sow thoer effects considerably in the design of acoustic liners for reducing the noise of aircraft engines. This study also gives physical insights which may be useful for the design and vibration analysis of nano-opto-mechanical systems (NOMSs), nanoresonators and sensors applications. Further this work provides an analytical solution which could serve as the starting point for further investigation of more complex n-nanobeam systems.