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FaradaysLawExperiment Wednesday,February13,2013 1
CoverSheetforElectromagneticTheoryLaboratory
AssignmentI

StudentsshouldcompletetheLaboratorypreparation,andthelaboratory,inpairs
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results,aswellasanappropriatediscussionofsuchresults,isrequired.
- Clearlydemarcatedifferentsectionsofyourreportandclearlyhighlightimportantresults.
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Note: Penaltiesapplyforlatesubmission.Laboratoryattendanceismandatory.
- Marks may be deducted for an experimental setup that does not conform to
specifications.

LABORATORYSESSIONS
LaboratorySessionswillbeconductedinroom204.229duringteachingweeks9:Tues:1517pm.
__________
FaradaysLa
Labo
1.1 Pre-l
1.1.1 Rea
1.1.2 Com
(a) An
(b) Wr

1.2 Prep
The g
experiment
1.3 Intro
The M
case (c/ct
and (4) are
with the co
and fourth
and dynam
system, a t
varying ele
and lecture
Table
___________
awExperime
ratory
lab Assign
ad lecture n
mplete Part
swer questi
rite an exper
paration a
oal is for yo
tal setup as
oduction a
Maxwells e
=0), equatio
e used to stu
oupling tha
equation in
mic fields. T
time-varying
ectric fields
e notes.
e 1: Maxwe
__________
ent
andAs
nment:
notes (Week
t A in your r
ions (Q1-Q4
rimental pro
and Labor
ou to unders
discussed i
and Back
equations bo
ons (1) and
udy the mag
at exists betw
n Table 1. E
The same is
g magnetic
s generates
ells equatio
___________
Wednesd
signme
Fara
k 5/6), this d
report befor
4): Part A
ocedure.
ratory Go
stand Farad
in following
kground T
oth in differ
d (2) are use
gnetic phen
ween the el
Equation (1)
s true for eq
field gener
magnetic fi
ons in both
___________
day,February
entfor
adays
document an
re coming to
oal:
days law an
g sections.
Theory:
rential and
ed to study
nomena of th
lectric and
) is known a
quation (3)
rates electric
fields (Amp
h differentia
___________
y13,2013
Electro
Law
nd reference
o lab:
nd to verify
integral for
the electric
he system.
magnetic fi
as Gauss law
(Gauss law
c field (Fara
eres law).
al and integ
___________
omagne
e book.
its validity
rm are show
cal phenom
In dynamic
fields, as ex
w and equal
w for magne
adays law)
The details
gral form.
__________
eticThe
through the
wn in Table
mena, and eq
c case, we h
xpressed by
lly valid for
etism). In th
and, simila
s are in refe

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
_______
2
eory
e
1. In static
quations (3)
have to deal
the second
r both static
he dynamic
arly, a time-
erence book

2
c
)
l
d
c
c
-
k
__________
FaradaysLa
Farad
motor, tran
crosstalk o
varying cu
this circuit



___________
awExperime
ays law of
nsformers. F
one circuit
urrent next t
ts as shown
__________
ent
f electromag
Faradays la
introduces
to a circuit
in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Exam

___________
Wednesd
gnetic indu
aw can be
on another
as illustrat
mple of a cir
___________
day,February
uction is the
applied to
r. For exam
ted below th
rcuit demon
___________
y13,2013
e basis of t
other areas
mple, if ther
hen an unw
nstrating Far
___________
he electric
such as de
re is a cond
wanted volta
radays law
__________
generator,
etermining t
ductor carry
age will be

w.
_______
3
the electric
the level of
ying a time
induced in
3
c
f
e
n
__________
FaradaysLa
Conside
in the cond
From Farad
The left h
electromag


Fig.2 Defin
condu

Now as per
potential at
___________
awExperime
er the geom
ductor is po
days law:
c

}
E
hand side t
gnetic force
nition of the
uctor carryi
r right hand
t airgap (V
e
__________
ent
metry of a cl
sitive and in
= |

s
t
dl
c
c
=
}
B
erm of equ
(emf).
potential a
ng a positiv
d rule, the d
mf
) will be p
___________
Wednesd
ose loop wi
ncreasing. A
}

s
ds B

s
dt
d
d =
}
B s
uation (6)
nd the direc
e current, w
irection of B
positive.
I>0,
___________
day,February
ith air gap a
As we know

dt
d
d = s B
is the volt
ction of elec
which is incr
B will be in
Iincreasing
___________
y13,2013
as shown in
w, the magne

emf
V
t
= |
age over th
ctric field ac
reasing.
nto the page
___________
n Fig.2, whe
etic flux is d
(5)

he loop wh
cross an air
. With incre

__________
ere the curr
defined as:
(6)
hich is also

gap in the v
easing curre
_______
4
ent flowing
o called as
vicinity of a
ent I, the
4
g
s
a

__________
FaradaysLa
Answer the
Part A:
Q1: What
is pos
poten
B and
Q2: What
curre
Q3: Suppo
curre
the sa
phase
than o
poten
Airgap
|
Q4: (a) Th
shown
net flu
each l


(b): E
(c): W



___________
awExperime
e following
t will be the
itive and d
ntial |
Airgap
w
d the direct
t will be the
nt is not ch
ose the cur
nt. It is rea
ame frequen
e of the pote
one) when
ntial |
Airgap
h
cos(
0
e | = t
he structur
n in the figu
ux flowing
loop first.)
Explain why
What will ha
__________
ent
questions:
e direction
decreasing?
when the cu
tion of the p
e potential |
hanging wit
rent is sinu
asonable to
ncy, i.e.
Ai
|
ential |
Airga
the potenti
has the max
) + t .
e of a twist
ure. If such
through lo

Fig.3 : Ge
y twisted w
appen if yo
___________
Wednesd
of B and th
What will
urrent is ne
potential |
A
|
Airgap
and t
th time)?
usoidal, i.e.
assume th
cos
0 irgap
| =
ap
. Using Fa
ial |
Airgap
is
ximum am
ted wire pa
h a wire is s
oop 1 and lo
eometry of t
wires will be
ou use para
___________
day,February
he direction
l be the dire
egative and
Airgap
when
the directio
cos(
0
I I =
hat the indu
) s( e + t , w
aradays L
0; (b) the m
mplitude
0
| .
air is shown
subject to u
oop 2? (Hin
twisted wir
e used in yo
allel wires in
___________
y13,2013
n of the pot
ection of B
d increasin
the curren
on of B wh
) ( t e , where
uced potent
where
0
| is
ay, determ
moments (m
. (c) Now d
n in Fig. 3. T
uniform ma
nt: Determ
e pair of pro
our experim
nstead of tw
___________
tential |
Airg
and the di
g? What w
t is negativ
en static cu
e
0
I is the m
tial |
Airgap
is
the magnit
ine: (a) the
more than
etermine th
The directi
agnetic fiel
ine the dire
oblem Q3.
ment (refer
wisted wire
__________
gap
when the
irection of t
will be the d
ve and decr
urrent is us
magnitude
s also sinus
tude and
e moments
one) when
he phase
ion of curre
ld, what wi
ection of su

r to section
es?
_______
5
e current
the
direction of
reasing?
sed (i.e.
e of the
soidal with
is the
(more
the
in
ent is
ll be the
urface in
1.4)?
5
f
__________
FaradaysLa
1.4 Expe

The ex
the laborat
pairs will b

Fig.4. Exp
___________
awExperime
erimental
xperimenta
tory you wi
be soldered
perimental
__________
ent
l Setup:
l setup and
ill be given
with the 56
setup for m
___________
Wednesd
the layout w
n two twiste
6 Ohm resist
measuring p
Fig.5. Ex
___________
day,February
with dimens
ed wire pai
tor inserted
potential ac
xperimenta
___________
y13,2013
sion details
irs and a 56
d, as shown
cross the ai
al layout.
___________
are shown
6 Ohm resi
in Figures.
ir gap of lo
__________
in Fig. 4 an
stor. The tw

oop1 (loop2
_______
6
nd Fig. 5. In
wisted wire

2).

6
n
e
____________________________________________________________________________________
FaradaysLawExperiment Wednesday,February13,2013 7
In this experiment, a sinusoidal current I is fed through the current loop, which is the outermost
loop (see Fig. 4). The tasks are: (1) Observe the induced EMFs in the other two loops, loop1 and
loop2; (2) Analyze the observed results and verify Faradays Law.
It is recommended that the loop current be such that
I(t) = u.uSSin(2nt) (A) (7)
and that the frequency range of 10kHz to 1MHz be used.
1.5 Laboratory equipment requires:
- HP 54600B Oscilloscope or Agilent equivalent
- HP 33120 Signal Generator
- 2 x 0.8m twisted wire pair connected to a standard BNC connector at one end only
- 1 x T connector (male-female-male)
- 56 Ohm resistor
- Soldering Iron and solder, Soldering goggles, Extraction fan
- Wire cutters and Pliers and soldering setup.
- User manuals will be available in the lab.
1.6 References:
Most standard books on Electromagnetics cover Electromagnetic induction and Faradays law.
1. Ulaby et al, Engineering Electromagnetics, Pearson Publication.
2. Lecture notes Week 5/6

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FaradaysLawExperiment Wednesday,February13,2013 8
1.7 Assignment:

Part B: (Experiment):
The experimental setup and the layout are shown in Fig 4-5. Please make sure that the connections
are as shown in figures.
Q5:
Measure the potentials and phase shift (between driving current and the measured potential) across
the air gaps of loop 1 and loop 2 and tabulate the results in following tables. For your reference
expected value of the potential at 20 kHz for loop 1 is shown in the table.

Table A: Loop 1:
Freq. (kHz) Measured | (mv) Phase shift (deg)

10
20 About 10.6
50
100
200
500
1000

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FaradaysLawExperiment Wednesday,February13,2013 9

Table B: Loop 2:
Freq. (kHz) Measured | (mv) Phase shift (deg)

10
20
50
100
200
500
1000

Q6:
Draw time domain waveforms for I and |
Airgap
for loop 1 and loop 2?

Q7:
Consider the two rectangular loops (loop 1 and loop 2, refer to Fig.5) in your experiment.
Theoretically, using Faradays Law, (a) Determine which of the following two is larger, 2V
Loop1
or
V
Loop2
, where V
Loop1
and V
Loop2
are the EMF induced in Loop1 and Loop2. (Hint: The area of loop 2
is a portion of the area of loop 1.) (b) What phase shift is expected? Why? Are your experimental
results consistent with your analysis here?

Q8:
Write one paragraph describing what you learned from this experiment?


1.8 LAB write-up:

The lab report most have 2 parts (Part A and Part B).
1. Answer questions (Q1-Q4) and the experiment procedure: (Part A) before coming to lab.
2. Fill up the cover sheet.
3. Answer questions (Q5-Q8): Part B