GAS LAWS

NO IM NOT TALKING ABOUT DIGESTION PROBLEMS

Essential Questions

How are gases subject to direct and indirect relationships?

MID-17TH CENTURY SCIENTISTS WERE STARTING TO EXPERIMENT WITH GAS TO TRY TO DETERMINE ITS PROPERTIES.

THESE EXPERIMENTS CONTINUED FOR ABOUT 200 YEARS AND RESULTED IN SETS OF ACCURATE EQUATIONS THAT WE CALL THE GAS LAWS.

THESE GAS LAWS MAINLY SHOWED HOW THE VARIABLES RELATED TO EACH OTHER.

P=PRESSURE V=VOLUME T= TEMPERATURE n= MOLES

But before we can start, we should review the information we need to know to study gas. We only measure temperature in K K 273 = C 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr =760 mm Hg

STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure

STP = 1 atm and 0oC 1 mole of any gas at STP = 22.4 L

THE FIRST OF OUR ALL-STARS IS: ROBERT BOYLE 1627-1691

Robert Boyle was an English theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and a gentleman. He is noted for his work: The Sceptical Chymist , but is best known for his determination of a gas law named after him: BOYLES LAW P1V1=P2V2 PV =constant

Indirect Relationship!

Boyle's Law states that the volume a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted upon it.

THE SECOND ONE OF OUR ALL-STARS IS: JACQUES CHARLES 1746-1823

Jacques Charles was a French mathematician inventor, scientist, and balloonist.

Charles is still relatively unknown as he was during his lifetime.

He is known, however, for having redesigned hotair balloons. He invented the valve line which enables an operator to release gas from the balloon for an easy descent, the appendix, a tube that lets expanded gas out of the balloon, and the nacelle, a wicker basket that is held onto the balloon by a network of ropes and a wooden hoop. He also suggested the use of "inflammable" hydrogen instead of plain "hot-air". His work with gases resulted in the forming of Charles' Law in 1787.

Charles Law
V1 = V2 T1 T For a constant amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. T2 Direct Relationship!

V = constant

THE THIRD ONE OF OUR ALLSTARS IS JOSEPH LOUIS Guy-lussac 1778-1850

Gay-Lussac was a French Chemist, Physicist and a professor of Physics at the Sorbonne.

He published Charles Law and his own 15 years later. P1 = P2

T1 T2 T
Direct Relationship!

P = constant

COMBINED GAS LAW

P1V1 = P2V2 T1 T2

PV = constant

OUR FOURTH ALL-STAR IS SOMEONE YOU ARE ALL FAMILIAR WITH:

AMADEUS AVOGADRO

THE IDEAL GAS LAW

PV = R Tn

PV = nRT
R = gas constant

IDEAL GASES
Gases behave ideally with:
High Temperature

Low Presure

It is ideal because the it allows the gas laws to work perfectly. A real gas is a bit more complicated.