EnergyMethod

W PotentialEnergyVg=Wy =U
dV = 0 Equilibrium d d 2V d 2V d 2V > 0 stable; 2 < 0 unstable; 2 = 0 neutral d 2 d d

y2 y1

Asystemisinequilibriumwhenitsenergyderivativesarezero. Theequilibriumisstablewhenitssecondderivativeispositive. Theequilibrium q isunstablewhenitssecondderivativeisnegative. g Theequilibriumisneutralwhenitssecondderivativeiszero.

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Stableequilibrium
Thesystemrestoresitspositionwhenperturbed. V=WL(1cos)
dV = W L s in d dV = 0 d =0

Hence,eqm

d 2V = W L cos 2 d d 2V > 0 Hence,stable 2 146 d =0

AbhijitMukherjee,ThaparUniversity,Patiala 146

Unstableequilibrium
Thesystemdoesnotrestoreequilibriumwhenperturbed. V=WL(cos1)
dV = W L s in d dV = 0 d =0

Hence eqm Hence,

d 2V = W L co s d 2 d 2V Hence,unstable < 0 147 2 d =0

AbhijitMukherjee,ThaparUniversity,Patiala

147

Neutralequilibrium
Thesystemremainsinequilibriuminperturbedstate. V=0
dV = 0 d dV = 0 d =0 d 2V = 0 d 2 d 2V = 0 2 d =0

Hence,eqm

Hence,neutral

AbhijitMukherjee,ThaparUniversity,Patiala

148

Example1
Determinetheconditionofstability yoftherocker.
R(Rh)cos

W h V=W(Rh)(1cos)

dV = ( R h) sin = 0 sin = 0; = 0 d

Or, ,Rh=0; ;R=h sphere; p ;sa sesforall.

d 2V = ( R h) cos > 0 cos > 0;0 < / 2 2 d

R>hstable;R<hunstable;R=hneutralequilibrium
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Elasticenergy
W=kx W kx dVe=Wdx=kx dx Ve=kx dx dx=kx kx2/2
W W

W B

Vg=Wyc Ve=k(xB)2/2 yc=lcos xB=2lsin V Vg+Ve=Wl V=V Wl cos+k(2lsin)2/2 dV = Wl sin + 4kl 2 sin cos d l sin (4kl cos W ) = 0 Foreqm. eqm =0;=cos1W/(4kl)
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AbhijitMukherjee,ThaparUniversity,Patiala