𝑥̅𝑛 − 𝜇𝑥

𝑧𝑒 = 𝜎𝑥
√𝑛
Hipótesis Criterio de rechazo
Valor crítico Límite crítico P-valor Error de tipo II Potencia del test
𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐𝑑 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝜎𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 )
𝑎) { 0 2 𝐿𝑐𝑖 = 𝜇𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇𝑥 2 √𝑛 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 > 0 𝐿𝑐𝑖 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑧𝑐𝑖 = −𝑧1−𝛼 𝜎𝑥 𝑧𝛽𝑖 =
2 𝐿𝑐𝑑 = 𝜇𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼 𝜎𝑥
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ),
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 ,
2 √𝑛 √𝑛
2 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 < 0
𝐿𝑐𝑑 − 𝜇𝑣
ó 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼 𝑧𝛽𝑑 = 𝜎𝑥
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐𝑖,
√𝑛
ó
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼
2 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐𝑑
𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝜎𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 )
𝑏) { 0 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐 𝑧𝛽 = 𝜎𝑥
√𝑛

𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐 = −𝑧1−𝛼 𝜎𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 )

𝑐) { 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐 𝑧𝛽 = 𝜎𝑥
√𝑛
 𝑥̅𝑛 − 𝜇𝑥
𝑧𝑒 = 𝑠𝑥
√𝑛
Hipótesis Criterio de rechazo
Valor crítico Límite crítico P-valor Error de tipo II Potencia del test
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐𝑑 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 )
𝑎) { 2 𝐿𝑐𝑖 = 𝜇𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇𝑥 2 √𝑛 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 > 0 𝐿𝑐𝑖 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑧𝑐𝑖 = −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑠𝑥 𝑧𝛽𝑖 =
2 𝐿𝑐𝑑 = 𝜇𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼 𝑠𝑥
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ),
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 ,
2 √𝑛 √𝑛
2 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 < 0
𝐿𝑐𝑑 − 𝜇𝑣
ó 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑧𝛽𝑑 = 𝑠𝑥
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐𝑖,
≤𝛼 √𝑛
ó
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼
2 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐𝑑
𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐𝑑 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 )
𝑏) { 0 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐 𝑧𝛽 = 𝑠𝑥
≤𝛼
√𝑛

𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑧𝑐 = −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 )

𝑐) { 0 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼
𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐 𝑧𝛽 = 𝑠𝑥
≤𝛼
√𝑛
 𝑥̅𝑛 − 𝜇𝑥
𝑡𝑒 = 𝑠𝑥
√𝑛
Hipótesis Criterio de rechazo
Valor crítico Límite crítico p-valor Error de tipo II Potencia del test
𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑡𝑐𝑑 = 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑡 > 𝑡𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑡𝛽𝑖 < 𝑡 < 𝑡𝛽𝑑 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑡𝛽𝑖 < 𝑡 < 𝑡𝛽𝑑 )
𝑎) { 0 2 𝐿𝑐𝑖 = 𝜇𝑥 − 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1)
𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇𝑥 2 √𝑛 𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑒 > 0 𝐿𝑐𝑖 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑡𝑐𝑖 = −𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑠𝑥 𝑡𝛽𝑖 =
2 𝐿𝑐𝑑 = 𝜇𝑥 + 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑠𝑥
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑡 < 𝑡𝑒 ),
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑒 ≤ −𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) ,
2 √𝑛 √𝑛
2 𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑒 < 0
𝐿𝑐𝑑 − 𝜇𝑣
ó 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝛽𝑑 = 𝑠𝑥
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐𝑖,
≤𝛼 √𝑛
ó
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐𝑑
≥ 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1)
2

𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑡𝑐 = 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑡 > 𝑡𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑡 < 𝑡𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑡 < 𝑡𝛽 )

𝑏) { 0 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 +𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1)
𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑒 ≥ 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≥ 𝐿𝑐 𝑡𝛽 = 𝑠𝑥
≤𝛼
√𝑛

𝐻 : 𝜇 = 𝜇𝑥 𝑡𝑐 = −𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑠𝑥 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑡 < 𝑡𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑡 > 𝑡𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑡 > 𝑡𝛽 )

𝑐) { 0 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜇𝑥 − 𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1)
𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 𝜇𝑥 √𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑡𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜇𝑣
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑥̅𝑛 ≤ 𝐿𝑐 𝑡𝛽 = 𝑠𝑥
≤ −𝑡(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) ≤𝛼
√𝑛
 (𝑛 − 1)𝑠𝑥2
𝜒𝑒2 =
𝜎𝑥2
Hipótesis Criterio de rechazo
Valor crítico Límite crítico P-valor
2
𝐻0 : 𝜎 = 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝜒𝑐𝑖 = 𝜒(2𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜒(2𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝜒(𝑛−1)
𝑎) { 2 2
𝐻1 : 𝜎 2 ≠ 𝜎𝑥2 𝐿𝑐𝑖 =
2
𝜒𝑐𝑑 2
= 𝜒(1−
(𝑛 − 1) > 𝜒𝑒2 ),
𝛼
;𝑛−1)
2
ó
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝜒𝑒2 ≤ 𝜒(2𝛼;𝑛−1) , 2
2 𝜒(1−𝛼 𝜎2
;𝑛−1) 𝑥
2
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝜒(𝑛−1)
2
ó 𝐿𝑐𝑑 =
(𝑛 − 1) < 𝜒𝑒2 ),

𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝜒𝑒2 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼

2
≥ 𝜒(1−𝛼
;𝑛−1)
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑥2 ≤ 𝐿𝑐𝑖,
2
ó Con Excel se calculará el valor
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑥2 ≥ 𝐿𝑐𝑑 exacto de p-valor.
2
𝐻0 : 𝜎 2 = 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝜒𝑐2 = 𝜒(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜒(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝜒(𝑛−1)
𝑏) { 𝐿𝑐 =
𝐻1 : 𝜎 2 > 𝜎𝑥2 (𝑛 − 1)
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝜒𝑒2 > 𝜒𝑒2 ),
2
≥ 𝜒(1−𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑥2 ≥ 𝐿𝑐
Con Excel se calculará el valor
exacto de p-valor.
2
𝐻 : 𝜎 2 = 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝜒𝑐2 = 𝜒(𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜒(𝛼;𝑛−1) 𝜎𝑥2 2
𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝜒(𝑛−1)
𝑐) { 0 2 𝐿𝑐 =
𝐻1 : 𝜎 < 𝜎𝑥2 2 (𝑛 − 1)
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝜒𝑒2 ≤ 𝜒(𝛼;𝑛−1) < 𝜒𝑒2 ),
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 ≤ 𝛼
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑠𝑥2 ≤ 𝐿𝑐
Con Excel se calculará el valor
exacto de p-valor.
 𝑝̂ − π𝑥
𝑧𝑒 =
√π𝑥 (1 − π𝑥 )
𝑛
Hipótesis Criterio de rechazo
Valor crítico Límite crítico P-valor Error de tipo II Potencia del test
𝐻 : 𝜋 = 𝜋𝑥 𝑧𝑐𝑑 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝐿𝑐𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧𝛽𝑖 < 𝑧
𝑎) { 0 2
𝐻1 : 𝜋 ≠ 𝜋𝑥
𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 > 0 𝐿𝑐𝑖 − 𝜋𝑣 < 𝑧𝛽𝑑 )
𝑧𝑐𝑖 = −𝑧1−𝛼 π𝑥 (1 − π𝑥 ) 𝑧𝛽𝑖 =
2 = 𝜋𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼 √ 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 2𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ),
2 𝑛 √π𝑣 (1 − π𝑣 )
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 , 𝑛
2 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 < 0
𝐿𝑐𝑑 𝐿𝑐𝑑 − 𝜋𝑣
ó 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑧𝛽𝑑 =
π𝑥 (1 − π𝑥 )
≤𝛼 √π𝑣 (1 − π𝑣 )
= 𝜋𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼 √ 𝑛
2 𝑛
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼
2

𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝̂ ≤ 𝐿𝑐𝑖,
ó
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝̂ ≥ 𝐿𝑐𝑑
𝐻 : 𝜋 = 𝜋𝑥 𝑧𝑐 = 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 > 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 < 𝑧𝛽 )
𝑏) { 0 π𝑥 (1 − π𝑥 )
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 𝜋𝑥 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜋𝑥 +𝑧1−𝛼 √
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≥ 𝑧1−𝛼 𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜋𝑣
𝑧𝛽 =
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝̂ ≥ 𝐿𝑐
≤𝛼 √π𝑣 (1 − π𝑣 )
𝑛

𝐻0 : 𝜋 = 𝜋𝑥 𝑧𝑐 = −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 = 𝑃(𝑍 < 𝑧𝑒 ), 𝛽 = 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 ) 1 − 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑃(𝑧 > 𝑧𝛽 )

𝑐) { π𝑥 (1 − π𝑥 )
𝐻1 : 𝜋 < 𝜋𝑥 𝐿𝑐 = 𝜋𝑥 −𝑧1−𝛼 √
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑧𝑒 ≤ −𝑧1−𝛼 𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑐 − 𝜋𝑣
𝑧𝛽 =
≤𝛼 √π𝑣 (1 − π𝑣 )
𝑅𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑝̂ ≤ 𝐿𝑐
𝑛