Basic Drafting

Module 1 Line Drawing

Wise Words:

Drawing is the practice of making thought visible.

George Orwell New Words, 1940

Agenda
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Housekeeping Introductions Materials list review Line weight

Introductions
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Who are you? What are you hoping to take away?

Materials List
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White Eraser Drafting Tape Trace paper (12 roll is preferable or 11 x 17 sheets) Circle template Drafting board Drafting brush Drafting (Mechanical)pencil with sharpener and leads Drafting scale Eraser shield Vellum, 6 sheets, 11 x 17 Triangles, 45 degree, medium size Lettering guide French Curve

Line Weight
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Heavy, medium, light Refers to the THINNESS or THICKNESS of a line not the lightness or darkness.

Basic Drafting
Module 2 Scale
Wise Words:

Spatial ideas can become so extensive and complex that they can no longer be contained within the mind and have to be externalized.
Tom Porter How Architects Visualize

Agenda
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Scale discussion In class exercise #1 scale Demonstration of drafting implements Drafting discussion In class exercise #2 - drafting

Scale
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Imperial = 1-0 1/8 schematic design 1/4 most drawings 1/2 detailed design, elevations

Larger scales construction details Metric: 1:100, 1:50

In class exercise #1 - scale

Draw the following lines at the indicated scale.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

A A A A A A

line line line line line line

12-6 long at: 1/8 = 1-0 8-0 long at: = 1-0 6-0 long at: = 1-0 2-9 long at: = 1-0 1-3 long at: 1 = 1-0 28-3 long at: 1/8 = 1-0

In class exercise #1 - scale

Demonstration
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Drafting tools and techniques

Drafting
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Lines thinness or thickness Universal graphic language Line weight conventions Uniform thickness- to check line weight consistency photocopy your drawing

Laying out a drawing

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Layout main drawing with light lines Fill in medium lines Draw light lines and texture Place all symbols on drawing Draw heavy lines Do labeling last put paper under your hand Remember: always pull pencil, rotate pencil, show line weights consistently, draw lines only once

In class exercise # 3 - drafting

handout

Basic Drafting
Module 3 Plan Drawings
Wise Words:

An artist formulates that elusive aspect of reality that is commonly taken to be amorphous or chaotic, that is, he objectifies the subjective realm.
Suzanne Langer Philosophy in a New Key, 1942

Agenda
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Orthographic Projections Plan Drawing theories and techniques Assignment In class exercise plan
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line weights

Orthographic Projections
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2-D Floor plans, sections, elevations 3-D Isometric and axonometric Plan shows horizontal surfaces Elevations vertical surfaces Sections volume All are drawn to scale and will show exact measurement vs perspective

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Floor Plans
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Why have a plan? What can they be used for?

Floor Plans

Floor Plans

Floor Plans
Render a plan for presentation purposes

Floor Plans
Usually cut 4-5 above the floor and look down
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Floor plan symbols

Floor plan symbols

Line Weight Conventions

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Heavy walls, text, sectioned through items Medium furniture, millwork, change of elevation, fixtures, doors Light dimensions, door swings, material texture

Plan example
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Line weights Drawing conventions Dimensioning Furniture symbols

Plan Assignment
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Plan drawing 1/2 = 1-0 Overall dimensions Kitchen layout Furniture layout in DR and LR Elevation symbol Any necessary labels

In class exercise line weight

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Floor plan use conventions discussed

Basic Drafting
Module 4 Elevation Drawings
Wise Words:

Every line is a statement, a form of communication between the individual who made the line and the individual who views it.
Betty Edwards Drawing on the Artist Within, 1986

Agenda
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Elevation Drawing theories and techniques Elevation vs Section Elevation Assignment Demonstration drawing people In class exercise elevation
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line weights

Elevations
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Orthographic projection Shows height-vertical view Often drawn at larger scale Use your plan to create an elevation Photocopy your plan first Elevation symbol arrow shows direction of elevation you are showing

Elevations
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When and why would we use them?

Examples of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Example of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Examples of Elevations

Example of using plan to create elevation

Example

Elevation vs Section
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Very similar Section shows volume and arrangement of horizontal architectural elements Shows structural elements

Examples of Sections

Example of Sections

Example of using plan to create section

Example of Elevation and Section

Elevation Assignment
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Elevations drawing = 1-0 Overall height dimension All elevation information Window coverings Furniture/Millwork in elevation A person

Demonstration
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Drawing people

In class exercise
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Use line weights to suggest depth for a presentation quality elevation

End of Day 1
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Bring your plan and elevation next class PHOTOCOPY them!!!!

Basic Drafting
Module 5 Axonometric Drawings
Wise Words:

Verbal thinkinghas the strange attribute of allowing one to think he has an answer when in fact, he does not. And in design, it is not until one backs it up with the visual mode that he can see whether he is fooling himself or not.
James L. Adams Conceptual Blockbusting, 1974

Agenda
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Axonometric Drawing theories and techniques Paraline drawing vs Perspective drawing Axonometric drawing vs Isometric drawing In class exercise axonometic drawing

3D Drawing
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Why do themwhy are they important?

Axonometric Theories
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Paraline drawing Adding the 3rd dimension All drawn to scale All lines are parallel vertical in real life will be vertical in drawing and all horizontal will be drawn at an angle Use plan and elevation to locate components of drawing

Axonometric Techniques
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Give horizontal planes a tonal value to help ground the space Draw walls first Draw front to back Line weights still apply

Axonometric Example

Paraline vs Perspective

Axonometric vs Isometric
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Axonometric
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easier to draw Drawn at 45 degree angle Horizontal planes get more emphasis less distorted Drawn at 30 degree angle Have to redraw the plan

Isometric
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Axonometric vs Isometric

Lettering
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Think of each letter as a drawing itself Look at similarities in letters i.e. E,F,H B,P,R O,G,C,Q Use a small triangle if you want

Lettering
ACCURACY AND SPEED IN DRAWING ARE OFTEN THOUGHT OF AS MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA AND SEEMINGLY IN CONFLICT, BUT PROFESSIONAL DESIGNERS NEED TO BE BOTH ACCURATE AND QUICK ALMOST AS MUCH AS PROFESSIONAL GUNFIGHTERS 1234567890

In class exercises
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Do axonometric exercises in class

Axonometric Assignment
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Axonometric drawing 1/2 = 1-0 All structure and furniture in 3-D

Demonstration
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How to get started. Laying out your axonometric drawing