Solution: MAS 117 HW3 Directional Change/Gradients/Extremes

Straight copying of HW will not be tolerated and will result in zero points for both original and copied HW Directional Derivatives, gradient and tangent plane: Question 1 Find the derivative of the following functions at the given ) ( ) 1. (

in the direction of vector v

2.

Ans: Qu1) -4 and Qu2) 2. Question 2 ) at ( ) in the direction of The derivative of ( is and in the direction of is What is the derivative of in the direction of ? Hint: Set up and solve two simultaneous equations in and to obtain then construct vector and dot it with the unit vector in the direction of Ans: Soln: .

Question 3(Gradient and direction of fastest change) ) in a metal solid is given by The temperature at a point ( ( )

a) Find the direction in which the temperature rises most rapidly at the point (1,1,1). (Give your direction as unit vector). b) Find also the magnitude of this rate in (a).

Ans: ) Soln: ( )

) ; ( ) ,

Question4(Gradient as related to Physics) ) then the electric field at the point is If the electric potential at a point (x,y) in the xy-plane is ( ) . Suppose that ( ( ). Find the electric intensity vector at ( ). Note that decreases most rapidly in the direction of . If you release a stationery charge in this potential, it will move along the direction of electric field with the force on it .

Question 5 (Tangent plane and normal line) Find the equations for the tangent plane at the point 1. 2. 3. ( ( ) )
( )

on the given surface.

( ( (

) ) )

Soln: (1) From Then (

, we can write a new function ( ) ) is going to give a three dimensional vector that is perpendicular to the surface ( ) Notice that if use ( ( ) will give a two ( ))

dimensional vector that is perpendicular to the curve

( ) )

, then at (

( )

) is

( ) the normal vector to the surface at (1, 2, 1). The plane equation is then
or ( ) ( )

Soln: (2) ( Soln: (3) (

. Hence,

Hence,

Extreme values Question 6 (Local extrema) Find local extreme values of the following functions: (extreme values; and saddle points) 1. ( Soln: 2. ( ) )

and include all max, min

Hence extreme values at ( )

3.

( )

4.

( ) Soln: ( )

( ) ( )

( )

since

( )

( )

which is impossible to find solutions no critical points. 5. Soln: Hence extreme points at ( ( ) =0 ) ; ( )

Answer note: For (4), there is no extremum since cannot find points where both

Question 7 (Absolute Extrema) Find absolute maxima and minima (no need for saddle points) of the following functions on the given domain. You should try to draw figure of the domain, then note down the values of the function at all critical points you obtained. 1. ( ) on the rectangular plate

Ans: Qu. 1 The absolute maximum is 17 at (0,4) and (4,4) and the absolute minimum is 1 at (0,0).

Question 8 (Absolute Extrema) The flat circular plate in following figure has the shape of the region boundary is heated so that the temperature at the point (x,y) is ( ) Find the temperature at the hottest and coldest points on the plate. Ans: The hottest is at T = 2.25 degree at ( ) and ( ) . The coldest is

The plate, including the

Question 9 Find the points on the surface ( Soln: )

that are closest to the origin.

Note for this one, if you use

substitution, then will obtain another extremum at

( ) ( ) but using D-test this solution gives saddle point. The is not a possible solution for this substitution because it creates infinity in z but if we look back at the surface it was clear that y can still be zero. The problem is that the substitution of ( ) not a good choice here since its domain excludes y=0 and is not the same as the domain of the given surface We have to be careful when this situation occurs in case zero is also a solution.

is

Question 10 Find three positive numbers whose sum is 48, and such that their product is as large as possible. Hint: This is equivalent to maximizing subject to condition. From the two equations, can then write ( ), then try to maximize this function with respect to and . Ans: ( ) Soln: