"BEAMANAL" --- SINGLE-SPAN and CONTINUOUS-SPAN BEAM ANALYSIS

Program Description:
"BEAMANAL" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of either single-span or continuous-span beams subjected to virtually any type of loading configuration. Four (4) types of single-span beams and two (2) through (5) span, continuous-span beams, considered. Specifically, beam end reactions as well as the maximum moments and deflections are calculated. Plots of both the shear and moment diagrams are produced, as well as a tabulation of the shear, moment, slope, and deflection for the beam or each individual span. Also, for steel single-span beams an AISC 9th Edition (ASD) Code check can be performed for X-axis bending and shear. This program is a workbook consisting of four (4) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet Name
Doc Single-Span Beam Single-Span Beam & Code Check Continuous-Span Beam

Description
This documentation sheet Single-span beam analysis for simple, propped, fixed, & cantilever beams Single-span beam analysis and AISC Code Check for X-axis bending Continuous-span beam analysis for 2 through 5 span beams

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. The following reference was used in the development of this program (see below): "Modern Formulas for Statics and Dynamics, A Stress-and-Strain Approach" by Walter D. Pilkey and Pin Yu Chang, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1978), pages 11 to 21. 2. This program uses the three (3) following assumptions as a basis for analysis: a. Beams must be of constant cross section (E and I are constant for entire span length). b. Deflections must not significantly alter the geometry of the problem. c. Stress must remain within the "elastic" region. 3. On the beam or each individual span, this program will handle a full length uniform load and up to eight (8) partial uniform, triangular, or trapezoidal loads, up to fifteen (15) point loads, and up to four (4) applied moments. 4. For single-span beams, this program always assumes a particular orientation for two (2) of the the four (4) different types. Specifically, the fixed end of either a "propped" or "cantilever" beam is always assumed to be on the right end of the beam. 5. This program will calculate the beam end vertical reactions and moment reactions (if applicable), the maximum positive moment and negative moment (if applicable), and the maximum negative deflection and positive deflection (if applicable). The calculated values for the end reactions and maximum moments and deflections are determined from dividing the beam into fifty (50) equal segments with fifty-one (51) points, and including all of the point load and applied moment locations as well. (Note: the actual point of maximum moment occurs where the shear = 0, or passes through zero, while the actual point of maximum deflection is where the slope = 0.) 6. The user is given the ability to input two (2) specific locations from the left end of the beam to calculate the shear, moment, slope, and deflection. 7. The user is also given the ability to select an AISC W, S, C, MC, or HSS (rectangular tube) shape to aide in obtaining the X-axis moment of inertia for input for the purely analysis worksheets. 8. The plots of the shear and moment diagrams as well as the displayed tabulation of shear, moment, slope, and deflection are based on the beam (or each individual span) being divided up into fifty (50) equal segments with fifty-one (51) points. 9. For continuous-span beam of from two (2) through five (5) spans, this program utilizes the "Three-Moment Equation Theory" and solves a system simultaneous equations to determine the support moments 10. This program contains numerous comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)

Formulas Used to Determine Shear, Moment, Slope, and Deflection in Single-Span Beams For Uniform or Distributed Loads: Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = -wb*(L-b-(L-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(L-e) FmL = -wb/2*((L-b)^2-(L-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(L-e)^2 FqL = -wb/(6*E*I)*((L-b)^3-(L-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(L-e)^3 FDL = -wb/(24*E*I)*((L-b)^4-(L-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((L-b)^5-(L-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(L-e)^4 Loading functions for each uniform or distributed load evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x >= e: Fvx = -wb*(x-b-(x-e)) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2)+(we-wb)*(x-e) Fmx = -wb/2*((x-b)^2-(x-e)^2) + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3)+(we-wb)/2*(x-e)^2 Fqx = -wb/(6*E*I)*((x-b)^3-(x-e)^3) + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4)+(we-wb)/(6*E*I)*(x-e)^3 FDx = -wb/(24*E*I)*((x-b)^4-(x-e)^4) + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*((x-b)^5-(x-e)^5)+(we-wb)/(24*E*I)*(x-e)^4 else if x >= b: Fvx = -wb*(x-b) + -1/2*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^2 else: Fmx = -wb/2*(x-b)^2 + -1/6*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^3-(x-e)^3 else: Fqx = -wb/(6*E*I)*(x-b)^3 + -1/(24*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^4 else: FDx = -wb/(24*E*I)*(x-b)^4 + -1/(120*E*I)*(we-wb)/(e-b)*(x-b)^5 else: For Point Loads: Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = -P FmL = -P*(L-a) FqL = -P*(L-a)^2/(2*E*I) FDL = P*(L-a)^3/(6*E*I) Loading functions for each point load evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x > a: Fvx = -P Fmx = -P*(x-a) Fqx = -P*(x-a)^2/(2*E*I) FDx = P*(x-a)^3/(6*E*I) For Applied Moments: Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance x = L from left end of beam: FvL = 0 FmL = -M FqL = -M*(L-c)/(E*I) FDL = M*(L-c)^2/(2*E*I) Loading functions for each applied moment evaluated at distance = x from left end of beam: If x >= c: Fvx = 0 Fmx = -M Fqx = -M*(x-c)/(E*I) FDx = M*(x-c)^2/(2*E*I)

Fvx = Fmx = Fqx = F Dx =

else: else: else: else:

Fvx = Fmx = Fqx = F Dx =

else: else: else: else:

Fvx = Fmx = Fqx = F Dx =

Formulas Used to Determine Shear, Moment, Slope, and Deflection (continued) Initial summation values at left end (x = 0) for shear, moment, slope, and deflection: Simple beam: Vo = Mo = qo = Do = Propped beam: Vo = Mo = qo = Do = Fixed beam: Vo = Mo = qo = Do = Cantilever beam: Vo = Mo = qo = Do =

-1/L*S(FmL) 0 1/L*S(FDL)+L/(6*E*I)*S(FmL) 0

-3*E*I/L^3*S(FDL)-3*E*I/L^2*S(FqL) 0 3/(2*L)*S(FDL)+1/2*S(FqL) 0

-12*E*I/L^3*S(FDL)-6*E*I/L^2*S(FqL) 6*E*I/L^2*S(FDL)+2*E*I/L*S(FqL) 0 0

0 0 -S(FqL) -S(FDL)-L*S(FqL)

Summations of shear, moment, slope, and deflection at distance = x from left end of beam: Shear: Moment: Slope: Deflection: Vx = Mx = qx = Dx = Vo+S(Fvx) Mo+Vo*x+S(Fmx) qo+Mo*x/(E*I)+Vo*x^2/(2*E*I)+S(Fqx) -(Do-qo*x-Mo*x^2/(2*E*I)-Vo*x^3/(6*E*I)+S(FDx)

Reference: "Modern Formulas for Statics and Dynamics, A Stress-and-Strain Approach" by Walter D. Pilkey and Pin Yu Chang, McGraw-Hill Book Company (1978)

"Three-Moment Theory" Used for Continuous-Span Beam Analysis: The "Three-Moment" Equation is valid for any two (2) consecutive spans as follows: Ma*L1/I1+2*(Mb)*(L1/I1+L2/I2)+Mc*L2/I2 = -6*(FEMab*L1/(6*I1)+FEMba*L1/(3*I1))-6*(FEMbc*L2/(3*I2)+FEMcb*L2/(6*I2)) =-(FEMab+2*FEMba)*L1/I1-2*(FEMbc+FEMcb)*L2/I2 where: Ma = internal moment at left support Mb = internal moment at center support Mc = internal moment at right support L1 = length of left span I1 = moment of inertia for left span L2 = length of right span I2 = moment of inertia for right span FEMab = total Fixed-End-Moment for left end of left span FEMba = total Fixed-End-Moment for right end of left span FEMbc = total Fixed-End-Moment for left end of right span FEMcb = total Fixed-End-Moment for right end of right span N = actual number of beam spans "Dummy" spans are used to model the left end and right end support conditions for the beam. A pinned end is modeled as a very flexible span (very long length and very small inertia). A fixed end is modeled as a very stiff span (very short length and very large inertia). Thus, the theoretical number of spans used is = N + 2. By writing an equation for each pair of consecutive spans and introducing the known values (usually zero) of end moments, a system of (N+1) x (N+1) simultaneous equations can be set up to solve for the unknown support moments.

Note:

Reference: AISC Manual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design (ASD) - 9th Edition (1989), page 2-294

BEAM ANALYSIS

on

on sheet opped, fixed, & cantilever beams Code Check for X-axis bending or 2 through 5 span beams

Single-Span Beams

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 (continued)

n (continued)

nalysis:

2)+FEMcb*L2/(6*I2))

"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

SINGLE-SPAN BEAM ANALYSIS

For Simple, Propped, Fixed, or Cantilever Beams Job Name: Job Number: Input Data:
e

Subject: Originator:
c
Simple Beam

Checker:

Beam Data: Span Type? Span, L = Modulus, E = Inertia, I =

Simple 20.0000 29000 391.00

ft. ksi in.^4

Propped Beam Fixed Beam

b a +P +wb E,I L x

+M

+we

Beam Loadings: Full Uniform: w= 0.0500 Distributed:

#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

Cantilever Beam kips/ft.

RL

Nomenclature
Start End

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.) RL = ML = +M(max) = -M(max) = -D(max) = +D(max) = D(ratio) =

Results: Reactions: RR = 10.50 k MR = N.A. Maximum Moments: @x= 102.50 ft-k @x= 0.00 ft-k Maximum Deflections: @x= -0.524 in. @x= 0.000 in. L/458

Point Loads:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #6: #7: #8: #9: #10: #11: #12: #13: #14: #15:

a (ft.) 10.0000

P (kips) 20.00

Shear Diagram
15.0

10.0

Shear (kips)

#5:

5.0

0.0 10.80 12.00 13.20 14.40 14.40 15.60 15.60 0.00 1.20 2.40 3.60 4.80 6.00 7.20 8.40 9.60

-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

x (ft.) Moment (ft-kips)

120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 10.80 12.00 13.20 0.00 1.20 2.40 3.60 4.80 6.00 7.20 8.40 9.60

Moment Diagram

Moments:
#1: #2: #3: #4:

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

x (ft.)

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"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

Caution: User should make sure to

+M

+we +w RR

Results: Reactions: 10.50 k N.A. 10.00 ft. 0.00 ft. 10.00 ft. 0.00 ft.

mum Moments:

mum Deflections:

15.60

16.80

18.00 18.00

15.60

16.80

19.20

19.20

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"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

SINGLE-SPAN BEAM ANALYSIS and AISC ASD CODE CHECK

Job Name: Job Number: Input Data: Beam Data: Span Type? Span, L = Modulus, E = Inertia, Ix = Beam Size = Yield, Fy = Length, Lb = Coef., Cb =
c

For Simple, Propped, Fixed, or Cantilever Beams Using AISC W, S, C, or MC Shapes Subjected to X-Axis Bending Only Subject: Originator:

Simple 20.0000 29000 391.00

W12x50

e
ft. ksi in.^4 ksi ft. Cantilever Beam Propped Beam Fixed Beam Simple Beam

b a +P +wb E,I RL x L

36 20.0000 1.00

Nomenclature Beam Loadings: Full Uniform: w= 0.0500 Distributed:

#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

kips/ft.

Start

End

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

Point Loads:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8: #9:

a (ft.) 10.0000

Moments:
#1: #2: #3: #4:

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

#10: #11: #12: #13: #14: #15:

Results: End Reactions: RL = MxL = AISC Code Check for X-Axis Bending: Lc = 8.53 Lu = 19.62 Lb/rt = 110.60 fbx = 19.16 Fbx = 21.19 Mrx = 113.35 S.R. = 0.904 AISC Code Check for Gross Shear: fv = 2.33 Fv = 14.40 S.R. = 0.162

10.50 N.A.

kips ft-kips

RR = MxR =

10.50 N.A.

kips ft-kips

Maximum Moments: +Mx(max) = 102.50 -Mx(max) = 0.00 Maximum Deflections: -D(max) = -0.524 +D(max) = 0.000 D(ratio) = L/458

ft-kips ft-kips

@ @

x= x=

10.00 0.00

ft. ft.

in. in.

x= @x=
@

10.00 0.00

ft. ft.

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"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

E CHECK

ing Only Checker:

+M

+we +w RR

P (kips) 20.00

e Check for X-Axis Bending:

ft. ft. ksi ksi ft-kips

= fbx/Fbx

e Check for Gross Shear:

ksi ksi

= fv/Fv

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"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

CONTINUOUS-SPAN BEAM ANALYSIS

Job Name: Job Number: Input Data:
b

For Two (2) through Five (5) Span Beams With Pinned or Fixed Beam Ends Subject: Originator:

Checker:
c e a +P

Beam Data: No. Spans, N = Left End = Right End = Modulus, E =

2 Pinned Pinned 29000

+M +wb

+we +w

Support #1 Support #3 ksi

Span #1

Span #2

Span #3

Span #4

Span #5

E,I VL x

L VR

Span and Support Nomenclature Span Data and Loadings: Span Data: Span, L = Inertia, I = Full Uniform: w=
Start

Load Nomenclature Span #1 20.0000 ft. 68.90 in.^4 1.0000 kpf

End Start

Summary of Results for Entire 2-Span Beam: Support Moments: M1 = 0.00 M2 = -50.00 M3 = 0.00 M4 = --M5 = --M6 = --Maximum Moments in Beam: +M(max) = 28.12 -M(max) = -50.00 Maximum Deflections in Beam: -D(max) = -0.749 +D(max) = 0.000 D(ratio) = L/320 Span #4

Span #2 20.0000 ft. 68.90 in.^4 1.0000 kpf

End Start

Span #3

End

Start

End

Distributed:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8:

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

Point Loads:
#1: #2: #3: #4: #5: #6: #7: #8: #9: #10: #11: #12: #13: #14: #15:

a (ft.)

P (kips)

a (ft.)

P (kips)

a (ft.)

P (kips)

a (ft.)

P (kips)

Moments:
#1: #2: #3: #4:

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

Left End Cantilever Shear = Results: End Shears: 7.50 k

0.00

kips

Left End Cantilever Moment = 12.50 k

0.00 -7.50 k

ft-kips

Right End Cantilever Shear = -------

0.00

kips

Right End Cantilever Moment = ---

-12.50 k

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"BEAMANAL.xls" Program Version 2.0

Summary of Results for Entire 2-Span Beam: Support Reactions: R1 = ft-kips 7.50 R2 = ft-kips 25.00 R3 = ft-kips 7.50 R4 = ft-kips --R5 = ft-kips --R6 = ft-kips --Maximum Moments in Beam: @x= ft-kips 12.50 @x= ft-kips 20.00 Maximum Deflections in Beam: @x= in. 11.57 @x= in. 0.00

kips kips kips kips kips kips ft. (Span #2) ft. (Span #1) ft. (Span #2) ft. (Span #1)

Span #5

Start

End

b (ft.)

wb (kips/ft.)

e (ft.)

we (kips/ft.)

Tabulation of Shear, Moment, Slope, Deflection for Entire Beam

a (ft.)

P (kips)

c (ft.)

M (ft-kips)

Right End Cantilever Moment = ---

0.00

ft-kips

---

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