Results and Discussion: Results (1) Preliminary Phytochemical Testing of Extracts

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
RESULTS (1) Preliminary phytochemical testing of extracts: The results of preliminary qualitative phytochemical examination are shown in Table no 1. The methonolic extract of Butea Monosperma flowers (3gm) indicated the presence of seponin, flavanoids, terpenes, polyphenols and tannin. Qualitative chemical examination of extract: 1-Detection of Alkaloids: Negative. Table no 4: S. No. Chemical Tests Name Filtrates were treated 1. Mayers Test with Mayers reagent (Potassium Mercuric Iodide). Filtrates were treated 2. Wagners Test with Wagners reagent (Iodine in Potassium Iodide). Filtrates were treated Dragendorffs Test with Dragendorffs reagent (solution of Potassium Bismuth Iodide). Formation of Result was not Formation of a yellow colored precipitate Formation of Result was not Result was not found Chemical Tests Observation Result
brown/reddish found precipitate
red precipitate found.
3.
Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.)
Page 50

2-Detection of Carbohydrates: Negative Table no.5: S. No. Chemical Tests Name Filtrates were treated Molischs Test 1. with 2 drops of alcoholic -naphthol solution in a test tube. Filtrates were treated 2. Benedicts Test with Benedicts reagent and heated gently. Filtrates were hydrolyzed with dil. 3. Fehlings Test HCl, neutralized with alkali and heated with Fehlings A & B solutions. Formation of red precipitate. Result was not found. Formation of the violet ring at the junction. Orange red precipitate. Result was not found Result was not found. Chemical Tests Observation Result
3-Detection of Glycosides: Negative Table no.6: No Chemical Tests Name Extracts +Ferric Modified 1. Borntragers Test Chloride solution and immersed in boiling water for about 5 minutes, cooled and extracted with equal Formation of Result was not rose-pink color in the ammoniac layer. found Chemical Tests Observation Result
Page 51

volumes of benzene. The benzene layer was separated and treated with ammonia solution. Extracts were treated Legals Test 2. with sodium Formation of Result was not pink to found.
nitropruside in pyridine blood red and NaOH Bromine water Test solution when Color. Formation of Result was not Yellow precipitate. Formation of Result was not violet color. found found
3.
test
treated with bromine water. Test solution when
Raymonds test 4.
treated with dinitrobenzene in hot methanolic alkali.
4-Detection of Saponins: Positive Table no.7: Chemical Tests Name Extracts were diluted with distilled water to 1. Froth Test: 20ml and this was shaken in a graduated cylinder for 15 minutes. 0.5 gm of extract was Foam Test 2. shaken with 2 ml of water. If foam produced persists for 10 min. Indicates the presence of saponins. Formation of 1 cm layer of foam. Indicates the presence of saponins. Chemical Tests Observation Result
No
Page 52

5-Detection of Phytosterols & Triterpenoids: Negative Table no.8: Chemical Tests Name Extracts were treated with chloroform and Salkowskis Test: filtered. The filtrates were treated with few drops of Conc. Sulphuric acid, shaken and allowed to stand. Extracts were treated with chloroform and filtered. The filtrates Liebermann 2. Bur test: were treated with few chards drops of acetic anhydride, boiled and cooled. Conc. Sulphuric acid was added. 6-Detection of Phenols: Positive Table no.9: Chemical Tests Name Extracts were treated 1. Ferric Chloride Test: with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution. Formation of bluish black colour Indicates the presence of phenols. Chemical Tests Observation Result Formation of Result was not Appearance of golden yellow color Result was not found Chemical Tests Observation Result
No
1.
brown ring at found the junction.
No
Page 53

7- Detection of Tannins: Positive Table no.10: No Chemical Tests Name To the extract, 1% 1. Gelatin Test gelatin solution containing sodium chloride was added. Test solution when treated with few drops of vanillin hydrochloride reagent. Tannins get precipitated in the Vanillin 2. Hydrochloride test solution when treated with heavy metals. Tannins yield bulky precipitate with phenazone especially in the presence of Sodium and phosphate. With iron and ammonium citrate or iron and sodium 3 Mitchells test tartarate. Tannins give a water-soluble iron-tannin complex, which is insoluble in solution of Indicates the presence of tannins. Formation of purplish red color. Indicates the presence of tannins. Formation of white precipitate Indicates the presence of tannins. Chemical Tests Observation Result
Page 54

Ammonium acetate. 8-Detection of Flavonoids: Positive Table no.11: No Chemical Tests Name Extracts were treated with few drops of sodium hydroxide 1. Alkaline Reagent Test: solution. Formation of intense yellow color, which becomes colorless on addition of dilute acid, Extracts were treated 2. Lead acetate Test: with few drops of lead acetate solution. Formation of yellow color precipitate Indicates the presence of flavonoids. Indicates the presence of flavonoids. Chemical Tests Observation Result
To the test Solution, add few fragments of Shinoda test 3. (Magnesium Magnesium ribbon and add concentrated
Formation of pink scarlet, crimson red or occasionally green to blue color appears after few min.
Indicates the presence of flavonoids.
Hydrochloride Hydrochloric acid drop reduction test) wise.
Page 55

To the test solution add a Formation of mixture of Zinc dust and conc. Hydrochloric acid. red color after few minutes. Indicates the presence of flavonoids.
Zinc 4. Hydrochloride reduction test
To the test solution add few drops of sodium hydroxide solution; 5. Alkaline reagent test
Formation of an intense yellow color, which turns to Colorless on addition of few drops of dil. acid
Indicates presence of flavonoids.
9-Detection of Proteins and amino acids: Negative Table no.12: Chemical Tests Name The extracts were 1. Xanthoproteic Test: proteins. treated with few drops of conc. Nitric acid. Formation of yellow color Result was not found Chemical Tests Observation Result
No
To the extract, 0.25% w/v ninhydrin reagent 2. Ninhydrin Test: was added and boiled for few minutes.
Formation of blue color.
Result was not found
Page 56

Test solution with 2ml of Millons reagent 3. Millons test (Mercuric nitrate in nitric acid containing traces of nitrous acid). 10-Detection of Diterpenes: Positive Table no.13: No Chemical Tests Name Extracts in water and 1. Copper acetate Test: treated with 3-4 drops of copper acetate solution. Formation of emerald green Color. Indicated the presence of deterpines. Chemical Tests Observation Result White precipitate appears which turns red upon gentle heating. Result was not found
11-Detection of Fats & Fixed Oils: Negative Table no.14: No Chemical Tests Name Press the small quantity of 1. Stain test extract between two filter papers. Add a few drops of 0.5N of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to small 2. Saponification test The Result was not The stain on filter paper. Result was not found. Chemical Tests Observation Result
formation of found. soap or
quantities of various extracts partial along with a drop of Phenolphthalein separately and heat on a water bath for 1-2 hrs. neutralization of Alkali.
Page 57

(2) Assessment of Pharmacological activity: (A) Effect on body weight: There was increase in body weight of cafeteria diet (CD) group animals when compared to control group. Treatment with Butea monosperma (100,200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o., par day) caused significantly decrease in body weight when compared to control group animals. Table no.15: Effect of Butea monosperma on body weight in rats fed on cafeteria diet S. No. (Groups) Control Cafeteria diet Cafeteria diet + 100mg/kg ,BM Cafeteria diet +200mg/kg,BM Cafeteria diet +400mg/kg,BM Cafeteria diet + orlistat(30mg/kg) Results are expressed as MeanSEM (n=6). *=Compare with HFD (high fat diet) control #=Compare with vehicle control High fat diet + std dose(30mg/kg) 48.6144.804*** High fat diet +medium dose(100mg/kg) High fat diet +high dose(200mg/kg) 41.6273.638***# # # 13.2000.2.485 ns Control High fat diet High fat diet +Low dose(50mg/kg) Treatment % Change in body weight 11.5670.900 34.0993.442 10.1410.968 ns
Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnets multiple comparison tests *P<0.005, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
P<0.005, # #P<0.01, # # #P<0.001, ns=non significant. Cafeteria diet group showed a increase in body weight (g) when compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma (100mg/kg body weight) extract group showed decrease in body weight no significantly when compared to high fat diet group.
Page 58

Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg body weight) extract group showed decrease in body weight no significantly when compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg body weight) extract group showed decrease in body weight significantly (# # #P<0.001) when compared to control group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg body weight) extract group showed decrease in body weight significantly (***P<0.001) when compared to high fat diet control group. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of body weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on body wei ght i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et

40
% Increase in body weight
30
20
10
tr ol
FD
D H
on
Groups
Figure no.13 HFD= High fat diet MD= Medium dose LD= Low dose HD= High dose STD= Standard dose
TD
Page 59

(B) Effect on body temperature: Treatment with Butea monosperma (100,200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o., par day) produced significantly decrease in body temperature per in cafeteria diet fed rats .A little but significant increase in body temperature was also observed at 30,60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes in cafeteria diet rats. Table no.16: Effect of Butea monosperma extract on body temperature (C) in rats fed on cafeteria diet. S.No Treatment 0 1 Control 35.320 0.641 2 Cafeteria diet 34.722 0.357ns 30 35.667 0.358 34.912 0.314* ** 3 Cafeteria diet +100mg/kg , BM 4 Cafeteria diet+200m g/kg,BM 5 Cafeteria diet+400m g/kg, BM 6 Cafeteria diet +orlistat (30mg/kg) Results are expressed as Mean SEM (n=6) *=Compare with HFD (high fat diet) control, #=Compare with vehicle control Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by dunnets multiple comparison test 36.917 0.327* ** # 36.938 0.619* ** 37.067 0.291* **# # 37.980 0.641* ** 36.580 0.349* 36.880 0.230* 36.880 0.240 * 37.250 0.338
ns
Body temperature at time (min.) 60 36.267 0.152 35.467 0.274

ns
90 36.300 0.185 35.483 0.234** 36.830 0.408*
120 36.317 0.185 35.750 0.198*
180 36.383 0.147 35.633 0.194**
36.350 0.365*
36.580 0.253*
36.830 0.405 *
36.78 0.338 *
36.28 0.267 ns
36.930 0.322*
36.450 0.338*
36.500 0.363*
37.467 0.360* **# # 38.461 0.586* **
37.450 0.287* **# 38.610 0.522* **
37.450 0.290** *# # 38.710 0.596** *
38.210 0.530
ns
Page 60

*P<0.005, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
P<0.005, # #P<0.01, # # #P<0.001, ns=non significant. Cafeteria diet group showed a non significant value at 0 min. and at 60 min. decrease in body temperature compared with control group, but at 30 min. significant values (***P<0.001) decrease of body temperature and at 90 and 180 min. showed significant value(**P<0.01) decrease of body temperature compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly value (*P<0.005) increase in body temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 min. and at 180 min. it showed non significant value when compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma extract (200mg/kg)showed significant value (*P<0.005 ) increase in body temperature at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min. time interval compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) increase in body temperature at 0, 30, 90, 120, 180 min. time interval but non significant at 60 min. time interval increase of body temperature to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (# #P<0.01) increase in body temperature at 30, 90, 180 min. time interval but non significant at 60 min. time interval and at 0 and 120 min. time period showed significant value (#P<0.005) increase of body temperature compared to high fat diet group Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significant value ( ***P<0.001) increase in body temperature at0, 30, 90, 120, 180 min time interval but at 60 min. time period it showed non significant value increase in body temperature compared to high fat diet control.
Page 61
Effect of Butea monosperma extract on body temperature (C) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
42
40
Temperature( 0c)
38
36
Control HFD LD MD HD STD
34
32 0 2 4 6 8
Time(min.)
Figure no.14
(C) Effect on locomotors activity: There was significant decreased in ambulatory, rearing and grooming activity in cafeteria diet group animals as compared to control group. Treatment with Butea monosperma showed significant increase in ambulatory activity, rearing and grooming activities.
Page 62

Table no.17: Effect of Butea monosperma on locomotors activity in rats fed on cafeteria diet S. No. Ambulation 1 2 3 Control Cafeteria diet 64.1673.439 36.8333.156* Rearing 11.8331.167 8.000.577 ns 18.5002.045 ns Grooming 5.8330.543 4.6670.715 ns 6.6670.989 ns Treatment Frequency of open field behavior
Cafeteria diet 76.1672.466 ns +100mg/kg, BM
Cafeteria diet 87.6672.418 ns +200mg/kg, BM
23.001.528**
16.3331.358**
Cafeteria diet 105.57.023*** # 33.5001.176***# +400mg/kg, BM

#
13.1671.701***#
Cafeteria diet 125.512.593*** +orlistat (30mg/kg)
35.5004.193***
17.5001.893***
Results are expressed as MeanSEM (n=6) *=compare with HFD (high fat diet) control #=compare with vehicle control Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by dunnets multiple comparison test *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
P<0.05, # #P<0.01, # # #P<0.001, ns=non significant.
Page 63

(a) Ambulation Cafeteria fat diet groups showed significant value (*P<0.005) decrease in ambulation when compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed no significant value increase of ambulation compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma extract (200mg/kg) showed no significant value increase of ambulation compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) value increase of ambulation compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (#P<0.05) value increase of ambulation compared to control group. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) increase of ambulation compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on ambul ati on i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et

150
No. of Ambulation
100
50
on tr ol
LD
FD
D H
Groups
Figure no.15
TD
Page 64

(b) Rearing Cafeteria fat diet groups showed no significant value decrease in rearing when compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed no significant value increase of rearing compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma extract (200mg/kg) showed significant (**P<0.01) value increase of rearing compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) value increase of rearing compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (#P<0.05) value increase of rearing compared to control group. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) Increase of rearing compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on reari ng i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et

50
No. of Rearing
40 30 20 10 0
on tr ol
FD
LD
D H
Groups
Figure no.16
TD
Page 65

(C) Grooming Cafeteria fat diet groups showed no significant value decrease in grooming when compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed no significant value increase of grooming compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma extract (200mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) increase of grooming compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) value increase of grooming compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma extract (400mg/kg) showed significant value (#P<0.05) value increase of grooming compared to control group. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significant value (***P<0.001) increase of grooming compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on groomi ng i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et

25
No. of Grooming
20 15 10 5 0
on tr ol
LD
FD
D H
Groups
Figure no.17
TD
Page 66

(D)-Effect on biochemical parameters: Treatment of Butea monosperma per se significantly decreased the blood glucose level, total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels. Table no.18: Effect of Butea monosperma on biochemical parameters in rats fed on cafeteria diet S. No . Glucose Total Cholesterol 1 2 Control Cafeteria diet 69.4330.711 175.6671.430** 68.5690.775 210.3331.801** * 3 Cafeteria diet 180.1671.537** * 1882.017*** 202.8333.240** 147.8331.797** * 112.1671.701** 70.3330.494 230.5001.928* Triglyceride Treatment Biochemical parameters (mg/dl)
+100mg/kg, BM 4 Cafeteria
diet 155.3332.246** *
diet 119.1671.302** *##
1592.338*** #
106.6672.472** * ##
diet 104.331.874***
119.5002.668** *
1073.256***
+orlistat(30mg/kg )
Results are expressed as MeanSEM (n=6) *=compare with HFD (high fat diet) control #=compare with vehicle control Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by dunnets multiple comparison test *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
P<0.05, # #P<0.01, # # #P<0.001, ns=non significant
Page 67

(a) Glucose Cafetarian fat diet showed significant value (**P<0.01) increase of glucose level compared to control group. Low dose of butea monosperma (100mg/kg) showed significantly
(***P<0.001) increased of glucose level which compared to high fat diet groups. Medium dose of butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of glucose level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of glucose level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (# #P<0.01) decrease of glucose level compared to control groups. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of glucose level compared to high fat diet groups.
Effect of Butea monosperma on glucose in rats fed on cafeteria diet

200 150
mg/dl
100 50 0
on tr ol
LD
FD
D H
Groups
Figure no.18
TD
Page 68

(b) Total cholesterol Cafeteria fat diet showed significant value (***P<0.001) increase of total cholesterol level compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma (100mg/kg) showed significantly (**P<0.01) decrease of total cholesterol level which compared to high fat diet groups. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of total cholesterol level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of total cholesterol level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (#P<0.05) decrease of total cholesterol level compared to control groups. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of total cholesterol level compared to high fat diet groups.
Effect of Butea monosperma on total cholesterol in rats fed on cafeteria diet

250 200
mg/dl
150 100 50 0 ControlHFD LD MD HD STD
Groups
Figure no.19
Page 69

(c) Triglycerides Cafeteria fat diet showed significant value (*P<0.05) increase of triglycerides level compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma (100mg/kg) showed significantly (**P<0.01) decrease of triglycerides level which compared to high fat diet groups. Medium dose of Butea monosperma(200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of triglycerides level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of triglycerides level compared to high fat diet groups. High dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (# #P<0.05) decrease of triglycerides level compared to control groups. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease of triglycerides level compared to high fat diet groups
Effect of Butea monosperma on triglycerides in rats fed on cafeteria diet

250 200
mg/dl
150 100 50 0
on tr ol
LD
FD
D H
Groups
Figure no.20
ST D
Page 70

(E) Effect on organ and fat pad weights: Treatment with Butea monosperma in cafeteria diet group animals resulted in slight decrease in weight of liver, spleen and heart. Administration of cafeteria diet produced highly significant slightly decrease in weight of perirenal fat pads with decrease in mesenteric and uterine fat pads also. Table no.19: Effect of Butea monosperma on organ and fat pad weights (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet S. No Left Kidney Right kidney 1 2 Control Cafeteria diet 0.6430.008 0.7820.009** * 3 Cafeteria diet 0.5320. +100mg/kg, BM 4 Cafeteria diet 0.5030.012** +200mg/kg, BM 5 Cafeteria diet 0.4430.009** +200mg/kg, BM 6 Cafeteria diet 0.3230.013** +30mg/kg orlistat Results are expressed as Mean SEM (n=6), *=compare with HFD (high fat diet) control #=compare with vehicle control. Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnets multiple comparison test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
Treatment
Different organ and fat pad weights (g)
Heart
Spleen
0.6780.09 0.7800.010 *** 0.5450.008 ***
0.6780.035 0.8130.014* ** 0.6180.012* **
0.8070.015 1.0850.019** * 0.6070.022** *
006***
0.4600.014 ***
0.5850.008* **
0.6550.008** *
0.4330.015 ***# #
0.5650.0130 ***# # #
0.6350.008** *#
*# # #
0.3400.015 ***
0.5150.018* **
0.6030.008** *
Page 71

(a) Left kidney Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the left kidney organ weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease left kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease left kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease left kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#
# #
P<0.001) decrease left kidney weight compared to control group
Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease left kidney weight compared to high fat diet group
Effect of Butea monosperma on left kidney(g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
weight of left kidney(gm)
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
Control HFD
LD MD Groups
Figure no.21
HD
STD
Page 72

(b) Right kidney Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the right kidney organ weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease right kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease right kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease right kidney weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#
# #
P<0.001) decrease right kidney weight compared to control group
Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease right kidney weight compared to high fat diet group
Effect of Butea monosperma on right kidney weight (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
Weight of right kidney(gm)
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 ControlHFD LD MD HD STD
Groups
Figure no.22
Page 73

(c) Heart Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the Heart organ weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Heart weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Heart weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Heart weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#
# #
P<0.001) decrease Heart weight compared to control group
Standard dose of Orliatat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Heart weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on heart wei ght (g) i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et
1.0
Heart weight(gm)
0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0
on tr ol
LD
FD
D H
Groups
Figure no.23
TD
Page 74

(d) Spleen Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the spleen weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease spleen weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) increase spleen weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease spleen weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#P<0.05) decrease spleen weight compared to control group Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease spleen weight compared to high fat diet group
Effect of Butea monosperma on Spl een wei ght (g) i n rats fed on cafeteri a di et
1.5
Weight of spleen(gm)
1.0
0.5
0.0
tr ol
FD
D H
on
Groups
Figure no.24
TD
Page 75

Table no.20: Effect of Butea monosperma on organ and fat pad weights (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet S. No Liver 1 2 Control Cafeteria diet 6.3730.051 6.8780.121* ** 3 Cafeteria diet 6.1170.056* +100mg/kg, BM 4 Cafeteria diet 5.8500.023* +200mg/kg, BM 5 Cafeteria diet 5.4820.043* +400mg/kg, BM 6 Cafeteria diet 5.0000.033* +orlistat(30mg ** /kg) 0.2000.015* ** 0.4900.059 *** 0.9950.051** * *# # # 0.2520.013* *# # # 0.7220.051 ***# 1.1140.065** *# ** 0.2850.018* ** 0.7720.053 *** 1.2010.069* ** Mesenteric 0.3280.224 0.4130.08** * 0.3000.020
ns
treatment
Different organ and fat pad weights (g)
Uterine 0.9420.033 1.4300.027 *** 0.8630.038 *
Perirenal 1.3900.063 2.6020.025** * 1.3380.067ns
Results are expressed as MeanSEM (n=6) *=compare with HFD (high fat diet) control #=compare with vehicle control Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by dinettes multiple comparison test *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ns= non significant.
#
Page 76

(a) Liver Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the liver organ weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease liver weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease liver weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (**P<0.01) decrease liver weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#
# #
P<0.001) decrease liver weight compared to control group
Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease liver weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on liver weight (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
8
weight of liver(gm)
6 4 2 0 ControlHFD LD MD HD STD
Groups
Figure no.25
Page 77

(b) Mesenteric fat pad Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the mesenteric fat pad weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed no significantly decrease mesenteric fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease mesenteric fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (**P<0.01) decrease mesenteric fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#
# #
P<0.001) decrease mesenteric fat pad weight compared to control group.
Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease mesenteric fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on mesenteric fat pad weight(g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
0.6
weight of mesenteric fat pad(gm)
0.4
0.2
0.0 Control HFD LD MD HD STD
Groups
Figure no.26
Page 78

(c) Uterine fat pad Cafeteria fat diet showed significantly (***P<0.001) increases the Uterine fat pad weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Uterine fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Uterine fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Uterine fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly ( #P<0.05) decrease Uterine fat pad weight compared to control group Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Uterine fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on uterine fat pad weights (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
2.0
weight of uterine(gm)
1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
on tr ol
FD
LD
D H
Groups
Figure no.27
TD
Page 79

(d) Perirenal fat pad Cafeteria fat diet showed no significantly increases the Perirenal fat pad weight compared to control group. Low dose of Butea monosperma extract (100mg/kg) showed no significantly (*P<0.001) decrease Perirenal fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. Medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Perirenal fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Perirenal fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group. High dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg) showed significantly (#P<0.05) decrease Perirenal fat pad weight compared to control group. Standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg) showed significantly (***P<0.001) decrease Perirenal fat pad weight compared to high fat diet group.
Effect of Butea monosperma on perirenal fat pad weights (g) in rats fed on cafeteria diet
weight of perirenal fat pad(gm)
0 ControlHFD LD MD HD STD
Groups
Figure no.28
Page 80

(F) Histopathological Examination
Treatment with vehicle & Normal standard diet
Treatment with vehicle & CD
Treatment with low dose of Butea monosperma (100mg/kg)
Treatment with medium dose of Butea monosperma (200mg/kg)
Treatment with high dose of Butea monosperma (400mg/kg)
Treatment with standard dose of orlistat (30mg/kg)
Figure no.29
Page 81

Light micrography of epididymal adipocytes in rats fed a normal or a high-fat diet (X 200). Representative pictures of haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of periovarian adipocytes from rats fed a normal control diet or a high-fat diet supplemented wit extracts of Butea monosperma flowers at various doses. CD feed rats show larger size of adipocytes compared to normal control diet and with treatment of Butea monosperma extract the size of adipose tissues is small with different doses.
Page 82

Results and Discussion: Results (1) Preliminary Phytochemical Testing of Extracts

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Results and Discussion: Results (1) Preliminary Phytochemical Testing of Extracts

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

brown/reddish found precipitate

red precipitate found.

Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar (M.P.)