Narrative Text

Meaning : Narrative text is a kind of text that has function to entertain, create, stimulate emotions, motivate, guide, and teach the reader which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution. Social Function : To amuse, entertain, and to dead with actual or various experience and different ways. The generic structure of narrative text : * Orientation Function : It sets the scene and introduces the participants(it answers the question = who, when, what, where.) * Evaluation Function : A stepping back to evaluate the plight (the information about the narrators point of view) ; it is optional.

* Complication Function : A crisis or a problem arises. It usually involves the main characters. * Resolution Function : A solution to the problem (for better or for worse). Main characters find ways to solve the problem.

Features : - Characters with define personalities / identities - Dialogue often include-tense may change to the present or the future. - Descriptive language to create images in the readers mind and enhance the story.

Temporal Conjuction of Narrative Text : - Once upon a time - A long time ago - One day Examples of Narrative Text : - Short stories - Folklore - Legend

Example of Narrative Text :

The Myth of Malin Kundang

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single parent because Malin Kundangs father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin Kundang had to live hard with his mother. Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish in the town. One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchants ship which was being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone. Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; Malin Kundang has become rich and now he is here. An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin Kundangs mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old lonely woman. For three times her mother begged
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Malin Kundang and for three times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her Enough, old woman! I have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman! After that he ordered his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was full of both sadness and angriness. Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if he didnt apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail. In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse. Suddenly, he turned into a stone.

Procedure Text
Meaning : Procodure text is a kind of text that tell us about how to make something done through some steps. The generic structure of procedure text : Goal: The final purpose of doing the instructions. Materials: Ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions. Steps: A set of instruction to achieve the final purpose. Language Features : - Use Imperative. - Use Action Verb. - Use Connectivitas. - Use adverbial phrases. Example make a fried chiken :

Ingredients : * Chicken legs, and breasts or 1 frying chicken, which is cut up into smaller frying pieces * 1 1/2 cups (180 g) of flour

* 1 packet of dry Good Seasons Italian Dressing (powder) * 1 pack of tomato soup mix * 2 or 3 eggs * 2/3 cup (160 mL) of milk * 1 tablespoon black pepper * Vegetable oil to cover the bottom of a skillet (1/2 inch deep)

Steps : 1. Beat the 2 or 3 eggs in a bowl. Pour the milk in the bowl and set it aside. 2. Get another bowl and mix the soup mix, Italian dressing, black pepper, and flour together.

3. Take a piece of chicken and dip it into the egg/milk batter. Then place it in the flour mixture and cover the chicken with it. 4. Repeat the dipping and covering steps for each chicken piece. 5. Put the chicken pieces into the skillet and fry them over medium heat. Leave the pieces in there for about 25 to 30 minutes, turning and flipping occasionally. 6. Remove the pieces from the skillet and drain the grease onto paper towels or a rack.

Recount Text
Meaning : Recount text is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. The purpose of recount text is to tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events. Generic structures of recount text : 1. Orientation (it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved in the story, where it happened, and when it happened) 2. Events (a series of events, ordered in chronological sequence) 3. Re-orientation (restates the writers opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident and the conclusion of the experience) Language features of recount text : The use of nouns and pronouns (e.g.: David, we, his) The use of action verbs (e.g.: went, spent, and played) The use of past tenses (e.g.: We went for a trip to the zoo) The use of time conjunctions (e.g.: and, but, after, finally)
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 The use of adverbs and adverbs phrases (e.g.: in my house, two days ago, slowly, carefully) Adjectives (beautiful, sunny) Example :

Present Tense
Meaning : Simple Present tense to express habits, general truth, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emoticons and wishes. 1. NOMINAL SENTENCE (simple present tense without verb) Formula : (+) S + Tobe + Adj/Noun/Adv (-) S + Tobe + not + Adj/Noun/Adv (?) Tobe + S + Adj/Noun/Adv ?

Example : (+) They are tired (-) They are not tired (?) Are they tired ? (+) I am sick (-) I am not sick (?) Am I sick ? (+) She is a teacher
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(-) She is not a teacher (?) Is she a teacher ? 2. VERBAL (simple present tense with verb) Formula : (+) S + V1 (s/es) + O/C (-) S + do/does + not + V1 + O/C (?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C ?

There are three important note : 1. For the 3 rd person singular (she, he, it) we add s or es to the main verb (only for positive tense). With most verb, the 3 rd person singular form is created simply by adding S. However, with some verb, you need to add ES change the ending a little. Here are the rules : Verb ending in ... How to make the 3 rd person singular Example s Add -ES He passes z Add -ES She apologizes sh Add -ES She wishes ch Add -ES He watches Consonant + y Change Y to I, then add -ES It flies 2. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary. 3. For the verb tobe, we do not use an auxiliary, even for question and negative sentences.

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Example : (+) Reza studies internet (-) Reza does not studies internet (?) Does Reza studies internet?

(+) Mira, Caca, Try and Wawan walk together (-) They do not walk together (?) Do they walk together? (+) Saras and I play badminton every week (-) We do not play badminton every week (?) Do we play badminton every week ?

The some frequency that use in simple present tense : - Always - Usually - Often - Never - Sometimes - Seldom Examples : - I always remember you - They are usually here

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- We often eat in restaurant - I never cry - She sometimes forgets - He seldom studies

Uses of present simple: We uses the present simple for describes general truths, facts and scientific laws. Example : the earth moves round the sun.

- We use the present simple for direction. Example : the earth moves round the sun. - We us the present simple for direction. Example : you come out of the station. Then you turn tight. - We use the present simple for habits and routines. Example : I watch TV every nigth. - We use the present simple for things that are true and that normally happe Example : Children like playing. - We use the present simple for things which you like or dislike. Example : He dislike novel

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- We use present simple for permanent situation Example : He lives in Tokyo.

- We use the present simple for procedures, Example : He interview boys.

- We use the present simple for perceptions. Example : The food smells good.

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Simple Past Tense

Meaning : Used to talk about an action that happened in the past. Simple past tense also used to tell a story. The time signals that indicate such happening are yesterday, this morning, just now, a few minutes ago ,long time ago, and last.

The pattern : - Using be (+) S+was/were+complement (-) S+was/were not+complement (?) was/were+S+complement? - Using verbs (+) S+verb II+complement (-) S+did not+verb I+complement (?) did+S+verb I?

Examples: - Using be (+) I was a student. (-) I was not a student. (?) Was I a student?
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- Using verbs (+) I went to Tahai Lake yesterday. (-) I did not go to Tahai Lake yesterday. (?) Did I go yesterday? Adverbs used: - Yesterday - Last night - Last week - Two days ago - A few minutes ago - Last weekend - Last month - Last year - Etc The functions of the simple past : 1. To express that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. 2. To describe a habit which stopped in the past. To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we often add expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I was a younger, etc. 3. To describe past facts or generalizations which are no longer true.

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Simple Present Perfect Tense

Meaning : Perfect tense is used for describing a past actions effect on the present. The pattern of present perfect tense (+) S+have/has+verb 3 (been) +object (-) S+have/has+not+verb 3+object (?) Have/has+S+verb 3+object Examples: (+) I have been in Bandung before. (-) I have not learn English since three years ago. (?) Has he awoke from his bed? Adverbs used: - Once - This week - Twice - Since Monday - Lately - Many times Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used t describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished

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till certain time in the past too. The pattern: (+) S+had+verb 3+complement (-) S+had not+verb 3+complement (?) Had+S+verb 3+complement

Examples: (+) They had been at school before at 07.00a.m. (-) I had not slept for a this when I met my cousin. (?) Had he studied music for a year when I began it? Adverbs used: - One - Twice - From 1995 to 2000 Future perfect tense is used to describe an action or events that started in the past and finished at the future. The pattern: (+) S+shall/will+have+verb 1 (been) + (-) S+shall/will+not+have+verb 1(been)+ (?) Shall/will+have+verb 1 (been)+ Examples: (+) We shall have arrived at Cilacap by Monday.

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(-) They will not have been at school by the end of this week. (?) Will you have been a police by next year? Adverbs used: - By Sunday - By next year - By next month - By the end of this week - By the end of this month

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Greeting
Meaning : Greeting is the first words used to give a sign or pleasure when meeting some body or receiving a guest. How do you greet other People : Good Morning/afternoon/evening/night Hello Siska Hello Adit How are you ? Hows everything with you ? Hows life ? How are you getting along ? How are you doing ? Fine, thanks. Pretty good, thanks Im well, thanks Not bad, thanks. And you ? Gretting : - Formal - Informal Formal Greetings
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 Good Morning (until about lunch time, before 12 a.m) Good Afternoon (12-6 p.m) Good Evening (until about 9 p.m) Good Morning, Sir. Maam

Note: Do not use Good day excped in France Informal Greetings Hi, Lhili ! Morning, Rez ! Hello ~ Initial Greetings How are you ? Im fine thank you Hows it doing? How are doing? Hows life? * Responding to initial greeting : - Very well, thank you and how are you? - Im good/okay/alright - Oh, pretty good - Not too bad, thanks - Fine, thanks - Excellent * Pre clossing :

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- Ok Then - Ive got to go now - So, Ill see you next week - I think Id be going now? - I must be going home ! * Clossing / leave taking : - Good bye (formal/informal) - Bye-bye, bye; now. See you. Take care - See you later Fine - See you soon Ok - See you tonight All right

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Appointment
Meaning : Appointment is tells about agreement for meeting it is good to make an appointment before you meet someone or people. Making an appointment : - Can by meet somebody orally - By Telephone - Can I see you at 11 a.m.? - What if we go camping this afternoon? - Would tomorrow be possible? Accepting an Appointment : - All right, see you there - No, problem, Im free on (Sunday) - Be there on time - Ill wait for you there - Its a deal Canceling An Appointment : - Im sorry, Im very busy
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- Im terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment - Im afraid not. Changing an Appointment : - What about (Monday at 05.00 p.m) - Could we change the day of the meeting? - Im sorry I cant meet you today. Im very busy. Can we meet another day? - Is that ok, if we meet at 08.00 am - Well, I must be off now. Ill talk to you later ! - Do you have another time this afternoon? Aproving an Appointment : - Sure. That will be fine. - Great, its a perfect time. - All right, see you there. Responding an Appointment : - O.K../Fine! - No problem!/No big deal! - Its all right! - I see/I understand.

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Example : Sri : Hi,can I talk to Irfan?

Irfan : Ya ,its me .Who is talking? Sri : I m Sri .Sorry to disturb you.

Irfan : No problem.Whats up? Sri : Well,you like to accompany me to Ramas House this afternoon?

Irfan : Yeah.I can. Sri : Okay .I will pick up you at.5.p.m.

Irfan : Ok .I wait you.

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Invitations
Meaning : Giving invitation is an expression that is disclosed when there is someone who wants to ask other persons to come to a place or when there is someone who asks others to do something for him/her. Expressions and Responses of Inviting :

There are two types of invitation : a. Formal Invitation Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

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b. Informal Invitation Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation. Dialogue Invitation : Irfan : Hi, Sri. Sri : Hi, Irfan. Whats up friend?

Irfan : Hmmm, are you doing anything for next week? Sri : Nothing. Why?

Irfan : Hmm, like you know, next week we will have summer vacation to Bali and I think that I need you to be my date. Would you mind to come along with me? Sri : Really? Id love it so much.

Irfan : Well, I will pick you at 7 a.m next week at school. Sri : OK. Thanks Irfan.

Irfan : Youre welcome. Bye Sri and see you next week. Sri : See you, too. Bye-bye.

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Expressing Sympathy
Meaning : Expressing Sympathy is an expression used when we want to show or sorrow and care with a person. We expressing Sympathy directly to him/her orally we can use a letter or card by post also by short message servise (SMS) , e-mail, television,radio and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far for use. This is some expressions of sympathy : - Im sorry to hear that - Im awfully sorry about - Oh, awful! - Oh, dear! - Oh, what a shame. - How pity you are! - Im sorry for what happened. - Look! This is not the end of the world. - Oh, no! - I know how it feels. - How terrible / awful for you. Accepting Sympathy : - Thanks.

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- Thank you. - Thank you so much. - Thank you very much.

Some condition of giving sympathy : - Accident. - Sick. - Sad. Example : Irfan Sri : Hi, Sri! How are you getting on? : Very Bad You know what? Rama broken my heart Irfan Sri : Im sorry to hear that. Be patient, ok? : Thanks.

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Advertisiment
Meaning : Advertisment is an information for persuading and motivating people so that they will attract to the service and the thing that are offered or informed. Function of advertisement : - Promotion - Communication - Information In making an advertisement keep the following points : Language of advertisement : *using the corret or suitable words. *using the interesting and suggestive expression. *using positive expression. *text of advertisement should be directed to the goals. Content of advertisement : *Objective *Brief and clear * Not allude group or other producer.

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Content of advertismenet Objective and honest Brief and clear Not macking to group or other producer. Attractive attention. Advertisement have 2(two)meaning 1. advertisement is a comercial solicitation designed to sell commodity,service or similar. -companies try to sell their products usin. Advertisement in from or palacards,television,sport and print publication. 2. advertisement is a public noties -the city council placed an advertisement in the local newspaperin informs it resident of the forthcom in road works. Advertisement is refers to all people many advertisement are disigend to generate increased consumption of those products and service through the creation and reinforcement of brand image N barand loyality. Example 1.Mobile billboard advertising Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:

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1.Target advertising 2.One day,and long term campaigns 3.Convention 4.Sporting events 5.Store openings or other similar promotional events 6.Big advertisements from smaller companies

2.Public service advertising The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about noncommercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, and global warming.

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3.Commercial advertising Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches,, magazines, newspapers, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is commercial advertising.

4.Covert advertising Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and
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Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale

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Vocab : Part of Body and Shapes

Meaning : Vocab is a collection of words alphabetized a dictionary or the collection of words one knows and uses. Part of Body :

foot leg face neck mouth lip eyelid eyebrow hand nose front head ear eye hair eyelid head elbow knee chest

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ankle arm shoulder bottom thigh calf heel little toe big toe toe nail thumb middle finger index finger finer nail ring finer little finger knuckle wrist

Shapes : Simple Straight sided shapes

Rectangle Square Triangle Simple Rounded shapes Circle

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Oval

Types of triangles

Equilateral triangle Isosceles triangle Right angled triangle

3D shapes

Cone Cube Cylinder Pyramid Rectangular Prism Sphere

Mathematical shapes

Parallelogram Pentagon - 5 sides Hexagon - 6 sides Octagon - 8 sides

Miscellaneous shapes

Coffin
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Diamond Heart Kite Petal Shell Star Teardrop

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Announcement
Meaning :
An announcement is something we said, or we written and printed to make our friends or another people know what will happen or what happened. In writing announcement, include the following points : Title/Type of event Date/Time Place Who to contact The kinds of announcement : Based on the using of language and the announcement comes from, There are two kinds of announcement: 1. Formal announcement Formal announcement is a kind of announcement that use formal language, usually this announcement is an announcement from office, and others. 2. Informal announcement Informal announcement is a kind of announcement that use informal/daily language, usually this announcement is from personal, and others. Based on the way to make There are two kinds of announcement: 1. Written announcement
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Written announcement is a kind of announcement that is made by written 2. Oral announcement Oral announcement is a kind of announcement that is directly said by the announcer.

Generally, the characteristics of an announcement are : - Using language that simple, clear, and easy to understand by another people who read, hear or see it. - In writing an announcement, include the following points : 1. The title of the announcement 2. The type of the announcement 3. The date of the announcement 4. The time of the announcement 5. The place of the announcement 6. Who to contact for the announcement An announcement usually placed on: - A public area - Wall - Announcement board, and others Example of announcement : Kartinis Day Monday, April 21, is Kartinis day. To celebrate it, each class must present a couple of boy and girl. They have to wear and perform the traditional costumes. Also, there will be a cooking competition. Each class present two
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groups, i.e one group of boys and one group of girls. Each group consist of 3 4 students. The categories for judging will be : best of show and creativity. Winners will receive prizes at 02.00pm in the school hall. For more information, please confirm your class teacher.

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Giving Attention
Meaning : Giving attention is attitude to show to ask from the other people. The purpose is to find attention, the other people so the other pay attention. The phrases of giving attention : - Attention, please! - May I have your attention, please ? - Excuse me, look here! - Listen to me, please! To respond the expressions of giving attention : - Im listening - What happened? - Im ready to hear now - Lets here it together - well go on - Why not ?

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When we try someone or group of the people to pay attention to what we want to do. We may use expressions : - Excuse me - Look at me - look at my eyes - Listen me, please To respond the expressions about something we can use : - Im listening - Im ready to hear now - Lets hear now - Lets hear it together - Lets pay attention announcement Showing/giving attention : - What should I do to cheer you up? - I really care about you - Dont worry. Im with you - Whats wrong with you? - Hope you will be fine - Are you O.K/fine?

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- Wow! Thats great! - Nice hair style - Do you? Are you?/ Did you? Responding : - Well, you can tell me an amusing story - Yes you do and Im very grateful for that - Thank you very much - Nothing. Im fine - Yes, I do/ I am/ I did Example : Sri Irfan : How irfan you are : Do you remember my cousin Sri who lives in Palembang? Well, she invited me to go to the event together and definitely I said yes. Sri Irfan : Hmmm You look so cheerful today any good news? : Yes, this November Ill go to the opening ceremony of sea games 2011 in Palembang! Sri : Wow, thats cool! But howll you get there?

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Giving Instruction
Meaning Giving Instruction is an expressions used when we want to give command to persons about what should they do.

Giving instruction statment can use : 1. When people ask unkwon address. 2. When demonstrate a recipe of food or drink. 3. When ask somebody to do something that we want. 1. Please or don't + verb + noun [Noun + Verb + Please] Example : - Please open the door. - Open the door, please. - Don't open the door. 2. Please or don't + verb + adverb of place [Verb + adverb of place + Please] Example : - Please come here. - Come here, please. - Don't come here.

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3. Please or don't + Verb + noun + adverb of place Example : - Please open the door in this class. - Don't open the door in this class.

4. Be + Adj + Please: Be quiet, please Please + Be + Adj: Please, be quite Don't + Be + Adj: Don't be quite 5. Be + Adj: Be strong. Respon on giving instruction : - Yes. - O.K. - No i can't. - No problem. Dialogue ! In the classroom Mom Lilik : Good morning, students. How are you? Student : Good morning, mom. Im fine, thanks.

Mom Lilik : Okay, sit down, please. Dont make some noise here, promise? Student : Okay, mom.

Mom Lilik : Lets read about narrative text. Open your book on pages 54, please.
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Happiness Expression
Meaning Happiness Expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings. In other words, happiness expression is used to express happiness feelings when we are successful to do something. In other words, happiness expression is used to express happiness feelings when we are successful to do something. Here are some other expressions to showing happiness :
1. Expressing happiness Formal

- Oh , Im so happy - I cant say how pleased I am - I had splendid time there - What a marvelous place Ive ever seen - It gives me great pleasure - Its an outstanding adventure - Its an interesting experience - Its a sensational trip

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2. Expressing happiness Informal - Great! - Exciting! - Fantastic! - Super! - Terrific! - Hey, thats terrific/great

Example : The host : Congratulations for you! Youre the first winner and you deserve sixty million rupiah. The winner : Am I? Thank you very much. The host : How do you feel?

The winner : It really gives me great pleasure! Im so happy!

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