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PART 1: NGỮ PHÁP THCS CƠ BẢN

Contents
Chuyên đề 1: Thời/ Thì của động từ .................................................................................................................. 2
Chuyên đề 2: Tính từ- Trạng từ- So sánh ........................................................................................................ 14
Chuyên đề 3: Full infinitive – Gerund ............................................................................................................. 24
Chuyên đề 4: So…..that AND Such….that ..................................................................................................... 38
Chuyên đề 5: Modals ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Chuyên đề 6: Passive voice ............................................................................................................................. 47
Chuyên đề 7: Conditional sentences ................................................................................................................ 53
Chuyên đề 8: Common structures ................................................................................................................... 60
Chuyên đề 9: Direct and Indirect speech ......................................................................................................... 65
Chuyên đề 10: Relative clauses ....................................................................................................................... 68
Chuyên đề 11: Conjunctions- Determiners ..................................................................................................... 76
Chuyên đề 12: Word formation ....................................................................................................................... 94
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Chuyên đề 1: Thời/ Thì của động từ

Tenses ( Thêi cña ®éng tõ)
I/ Present Simple (HiÖn t¹i ®¬n)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh
- I, you, we , they + V
- He, she , it + V+s / V+es
* Notes :
- C¸c ®éng tõ kÕt thóc lµ sh, ch, ss, o, x th× sang ng«i he, she , it thªm es
Eg : I wash  He washes
I watch  He watches
I go  He goes
I miss  He misses
- Sau c¸c phô ©m k, p, t s ®-îc ®äc lµ /s/
- Sau c¸c tr-êng hîp cßn l¹i s ®-îc ®äc lµ /z/
- Sau c¸c phô ©m sh, ch, ss, x ®u«i es ®-îc ®äc lµ iz
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ tËn cïng lµ phô ©m + y th× sang ng«i he, she, it y ®æi thµnh i tr-íc khi thªm es.
Eg : I study  He studies
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ tËn cïng lµ nguyªn ©m + y, biÕn ®æi b×nh th-êng khi sang ng«i he, she, it.
Eg: I play, he plays ....
b. Phñ ®Þnh
- I, we, you, they don't + V
- He, she , it doesn't + V
c. Nghi vÊn
- Do I / you/ we / they + V ?
- Does he/ she/ it +V?
2. The use.
a. DiÔn t¶ møc ®é th-êng xuyªn diÔn ra cña hµnh ®éng ë hiÖn t¹i. Th-êng ®i víi always, usually, often ,
sometimes, occasionally (thØnh tho¶ng), rarely, seldom (hiÕm khi), never, everyday, every week....
once mét lÇn
twice / 2 times a week/ a month/year .... hai lÇn mét tuÇn/ mét
3 times th¸ng/ mét n¨m ...
ba lÇn
Eg : - He usually goes to the cinema.
- We clean our house everyday.
- Lan washes clothes twice a week.
b. DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu lu«n lu«n ®óng (sù thËt), hoÆc ®· ®óng trong mét kho¶ng thêi gian dµi.
Eg : - Some animals don't eat during winter. ( Mét vµi loµi ®éng vËt kh«ng ¨n vµo mïa ®«ng)
- We are Vietnamese. We speak Vietnamese.
- He works in a bank.
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Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:

1. They (go) on holiday every winter.

2. The days (be) longer in summer.
3. She often (talk) to herself.
4. Oak trees (grow) very slowly.
5 My dog (not eat) vegetables.
6. My brother (not like) animals.
7. Most people (not like) to visit a doctor.
8. In his job she usually (stand) .
9. My brother never (go) out in the evening.
10. He usually (work) with paints and brushes.
11. Do you know anyone who (speak) Italian?
12. At work he usually (sit) all day.
13. (you ever work) at the weekend
Exercise 2: §äc ®o¹n v¨n sau, dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u hái vµ tr¶ lêi
Hans Huser is a ski-instructor. He is Swiss and he lives in Villars, a village in the mountains. In summer he
works in a sports shop and in winter he teaches skiing. He speaks 4 languages : French, German, Italian and
English. He is married and has two children. He plays football with them in his free time. He's happy with his
family.
1/ What / Hans Huser / do ?
2/ Where/ he / come / from ?
3/ he / live / city ?
4/ Where / he / work / summer ?
5/ What / do / winter ?
6/ How many languages / he / speak ?
7/ he / single ?
8/ How many children / he / have ?
9/ What / he / do / free time ?
10/ he / happy / family ?
Exercise 3: §äc ®o¹n v¨n sau, ®iÒn mét tõ thÝch hîp vµo chç trèng , sau ®ã dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u hái vµ
tr¶ lêi
Alan is a lorry -driver. He's 25 years ...... He works five days ......... week. Every morning he gets up at 6
o'clock. He eats ......... enormous breakfast at 6.30. He ...... two cups of tea. Then he kisses ..... wife. He leaves
for work at 7.30. He ..... lunch in a transport cafe. He ...... home at 5 o'clock. In the evening he goes to the
pub. He goes to ........ at 10.30.
1/ What / Alan / do ?
2/ How many days / week / he work ?
3/ What time / he get up ?
4/ he / drink coffee / morning ?
5/ What time he / leave / work ?
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6/ Where / he / have lunch ?

7/ he / go cinema / evening ?
II/ Present Continuous (HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh
I am
You/ We/ They are + V-ing
He/ she/ it is
b. Phñ ®Þnh
S + to be + not + V-ing
c. Nghi vÊn
To be + S + V-ing

*Notes :
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ kÕt thóc lµ mét nguyªn ©m e, tr-íc khi thªm ing ta bá e.
Eg : have  having
write  writing
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ 1 ©m tiÕt, 1 nguyªn ©m, kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m, tr-íc khi thªm ing ta gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi.
Eg : - sit  sitting
- swim  swimming
- C¸c ®éng tõ: die, lie, tie ... biÕn ®æi nh- sau:
die  dying, lie  lying, tie  tying
2. The use
a. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra ë hiÖn t¹i, th-êng ®i víi at the moment, at present, now ( b©y giê , vµo
lóc nµy )
Eg : - I'm cooking at the moment.
b. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng t-¬ng lai ®· ®-îc s¾p xÕp s½n
He is meeting his brother at the station tonight.
(Anh ta sÏ ®ãn anh trai ë nhµ ga vµo tèi nay.)
c. Thêi hiÖn t¹i TD ®i víi always khi ta muèn phµn nµn vÒ mét hµnh ®éng lÆp ®i lÆp l¹i.
Eg : He's always losing his keys. (Anh ta cø lu«n ®¸nh mÊt ch×a khãa)
* Notes : Mét sè ®éng tõ kh«ng th-êng dïng ë d¹ng tiÕp diÔn : be, understand, think (cho r»ng), know, hear,
love, like , stop , feel, smell, taste, sound ....
Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc:
1. What's that noise? Somebody (practise) the piano.
2. She (have) a shower at the moment.
3. Right now she (run) down a hill.
4. I'm looking at that woman, she (wear) a nice dress.
5. 'Where is Kate?' 'She (watch) TV in the living room.'
6. Don't bother me now. I ______________. (to work)
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7. Take an umbrella. It ______________.(to rain)

8. - Where's Jim?
- He ______________ with friends.(to stay)
Exercise 2: §äc ®o¹n v¨n sau, dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u háivµ tr¶ lêi
It's a Sunday morning. The sun is shining. Mary is watching TV in her room. Her father is reading newspapers.
Her mother is cooking in the kitchen. Mary has got a dog. It is playing with a cat in the garden. It's a nice dog
and Mary loves it very much.
1/ sun / shine ?
2/ What Mary / do / now ?
3/ father / read / newspapers ?
4/ What / mother / do ?
5/ What / dog / do ?
6/ Mary / love / dog ?

Exercise 3: §äc l¸ th- sau dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u hái vµ tr¶ lêi
Dear Tom,
Now I'm in Rio. I'm staying in a big hotel. It's very beautiful but expensive. In the morning I usually go to the
beach. I sometimes go shopping in the afternoon. There are a lot of goods but I don't have much money. In the
evening I usually stay in my room and watch TV. At the moment, I'm eating a delicious cake and writing this
letter to you.
Tomorrow I'm going to the Trade Exhibition in the city centre. Well, let me stop now, Give my love to
everyone.
Love,
Susan
1. Where / Susan / stay ?
2. Where / she / go / morning ?
3. What / she / do / evening ?
4. What / she / do / at the moment ?
Exercise 4: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ Hello, this is Dr Smith's office. Who (speak) ?
2/ Hurry up ! The train (come).
3/ It is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing).
4/ The Earth (go) round the Sun.
5/ Some animals (not eat) during the winter.
6/ - What Oanh (do) at the moment ?
- She (cook). She usually (cook) dinner for her family.
7/ In the evening he often (play) chess with his door neighbour.
8/ They (build) a new hospital in my town now.
9/ My father always (have) a rest after lunch.
10/ She's very lazy. She never (wash) the floor.
11/ Look at those boys ! They (hurry) home after school.
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12/ Your mother usually (catch) the 8.10 bus ?

13/ Your sister (wait) for her friend at the station now?
14/ He usually (smile) at his wife when he (come) home.
15/ - Mrs Lan (use) the computer now ?
- Yes, she usually (use) it for her work.
16/ Minh sometimes (miss) his bus.
17/ My uncle often (watch) TV in the evening. But right now he (write) a letter .
18/- They (have) breakfast now ? - No, they (sleep)
19/ My father always (relax) at the weekend.
20/ You can't see Tom now. He (have) a bath.
21/ Tom can't have the newspaper now because his aunt (read) it.
22/ I'm busy at the moment. I (redecorate) the room.
23/ The kettle (boil) now. Shall I make the tea ?
24/ I don't want to go out now because it (rain) and I (not have) an umbrella.
III/ Simple Past (Qu¸ khø ®¬n)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh
- §éng tõ cã qui t¾c : V-ed
Eg : - work  worked
- clean  cleaned
* Notes :
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ mét ©m tiÕt, mét nguyªn ©m, kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m th× tr-íc khi thªm ed ta gÊp ®«i phô
©m cuèi.
Eg : -stop  stopped
- drop  dropped
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ kÕt thóc lµ phô ©m + y , tr-íc khi thªm ed ta ®æi y thµnh i.
Eg : - study - studied
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ kÕt thóc lµ nguyªn ©m + y, biÕn ®æi b×nh th-êng.
Eg: - play - played
- Nh÷ng ®éng tõ kÕt thóc lµ e th× chØ thªm d :
Eg : - arrive  arrived
*C¸ch ®äc ®u«i ed :
- §u«i ed ®-îc ®äc lµ /id/ khi ®øng sau t vµ d :
Eg : wanted needed
- §u«i ed ®-îc ®äc lµ / t / khi ®øng sau k, p, sh, ch, ss, x
Eg : - stopped, washed, watched, missed, fixed, cooked ...
- §u«i ed ®-îc ®äc lµ d sau c¸c tr-êng hîp cßn l¹i
- §éng tõ bÊt qui t¾c : - see  saw
- get  got
- do  did
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- have  had
- be  was / were
b.Phñ ®Þnh : S + didn't + V
c. Nghi vÊn : Did + S + V ?
2. The use
* Thêi qu¸ khø ®¬n diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø cã thêi ®iÓm râ rµng :
- yesterday
- last night (tèi h«m qua )
week ( tuÇn tr-íc )
month ( th¸ng tr-íc )
year ( n¨m tr-íc )
- 2 ... days ago (hai ... ngµy/ tuÇn .... tr-íc ®©y)
weeks
Eg: - We played football yesterday.
* §i víi when trong c©u hái vÒ hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø
Eg : - When did you see him ?
- I saw him this morning.
Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ Minh (be) very tired when I (see) him yesterday.
2/ My father usually (work) 8 hours a day, but yesterday he (start) at 9.00 a.m and (finish) at 9.00 p.m.
3/ It usually (rain) a lot in summer but it (rain) a little last summer.
4/ -When John (leave) home ? -He (leave) 5 minutes ago.
5/ What you (do) last Sunday ?
- I (have) a holiday in New York.
Exercise : §äc ®o¹n v¨n sau, dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u hái vµ tr¶ lêi
Last year David went to Barcelona for his holiday. He went by air and stayed in a big hotel in the city centre.
He stayed there for 5 days. When he was there, he visited many beautiful places in Barcelona. He took many
photographs and bought a lot of souvenirs for his friends. He enjoyed the holiday very much.
1/ When / David / go / Barcelona ?
2/ How long / stay ?
3/ How / he / go / Barcelona?
4/ Where / he / stay ?
5/ he / take / a lot / photographs ?
6/ What / he / buy ?
IV/ Past Continuous (Qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh : S+ was + V-ing
were
b. Phñ ®Þnh: S+ wasn't + V-ing
weren't
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c. Nghi vÊn : Was + S + V-ing ?

Were
2. The use
a. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm trong qu¸ khø. Th-êng ®i víi at 2 o'clock / at this time
...... yesterday (Vµo lóc 2 giê / thêi ®iÓm ...... nµy ngµy h«m qua )
Eg : - They were swimming at 8 a.m yesterday.
b. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®ang diÔn ra trong qu¸ khø th× cã mét hµnh ®éng kh¸c (thêi qu¸ khø ®¬n) x¶y tíi.
Trong c¸c c©u nµy th-êng cã While , As (Trong khi), When (Khi, trong khi)
Eg : - While I was going home, I saw an accident. (T«i thÊy tai n¹n trong khi ®ang vÒ nhµ)
As
When
- Mai was cooking when I came. (Khi t«i ®Õn Mai ®ang nÊu n-íng)
- When I came Mai was cooking.
c. §i víi all yesterday morning....
Eg : - They were dancing all yesterday morning. (Hä khiªu vò c¶ buæi s¸ng)
d. While ®-îc sö dông trong c©u cã 2 hµnh ®éng ë thêi qu¸ khø tiÕp diÔn
Eg : While I was reading, my sister was listening to music.
( Trong khi t«i ®ang ®äc s¸ch th× chÞ t«i l¹i nghe nh¹c)
Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep) .
2/ The light (go) out while we (have) dinner.
3/ The last time I (see) him, he (wear) a grey suit.
4/ Just as I (leave) , a student (stop) me in the hall
5/ Nam (play) football when he (break) his leg.
6/ We (drink) a lot of beer at the party the day before yesterday.
7/ They (build) a new bridge when I was there 2 months ago.
8/ He (sit) in a cafe when I saw him.
9/ My company (make) a lot of profits 5 years ago.
10/ What you (do) when I phoned you on Monday ?
11/ While the two thieves (argue), someone (steal) their car.
12/ When he was a boy at school, Edison (ask) a lot of questions. The teacher (think) he was stupid and she
(send) him home. Edison's mother (teach) her son at home and he (begin) to carry out a lot of experiments.
13/ - You (visit) the zoo yesterday ?
- Yes, I did. When I (go) there, I (see) our teacher.
14/ Who (invent) the radio ?
V/ Present Perfect (HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh : I / you / we / they + have + PII
He / she / it + has
b. Phñ ®Þnh : S + haven't + PII
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hasn't
c. Nghi vÊn : Have + S + PII ?
Has
* PII : Ph©n tõ 2 (ph©n tõ qu¸ khø):
- Lµ d¹ng qu¸ khø ®¬n cña ®éng tõ cã qui t¾c.
- §éng tõ bÊt qui t¾c :
Eg : - go - went - gone
- do - did - done
2. The use
a. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng võa míi x¶y ra, ®i víi just
Eg : - I've just cleaned my house. (T«i võa míi lau nhµ)
b. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø nh-ng kh«ng nh¾c tíi thêi ®iÓm x¶y ra cña hµnh ®éng.
Eg : - I've lost my key. (T«i ®· bÞ mÊt ch×a khãa)
Kh¸c víi c©u I lost my key yesterday. (T«i ®· mÊt ch×a khãa h«m qua )
c.DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· diÔn ra trong kho¶ng thêi gian vÉn cßn lµ hiÖn t¹i today, this week / month...
Eg : - Have you seen Lan today ?
- No, I haven't.
- There have been 3 accidents here this month. (§· cã 3 tai n¹n ë ®©y vµo th¸ng nµy)
d. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø nh-ng thêi ®iÓm kh«ng râ rµng, ®i víi already (®· råi),
recently, lately (gÇn ®©y), before (tr-íc kia).
Eg : - He's already done his homework.
- I've seen this film 3 times before. (T«i ®· 3 lÇn xem bé phim nµy tr-íc ®©y)
e. Dïng víi yet (ch-a, vÉn ch-a) trong c©u hái vµ c©u phñ ®Þnh.
Eg : - Have you met your new teacher yet ?
- No, we haven't met her yet.
f. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu trong qu¸ khø vµ kÐo dµi ®Õn hiÖn t¹i , ®i víi since, for, up to now , so far (cho
tíi b©y giê),
- for + kho¶ng thêi gian
Eg : - My brother has been a doctor for ten years now. (Anh t«i ®· lµ b¸c sÜ ®-îc 10 n¨m)
- since + mèc thêi gian
Eg : - We haven't met each other since we left school. (Chóng t«i ®· kh«ng gÆp nhau kÓ tõ khi chóng t«i ra
tr-êng )
-Up to now / So far we have visited 3 countries in the world. (Cho tíi b©y giê chóng t«i ®· th¨m 3 n-íc trªn
thÕ giíi.)
g. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh dïng víi ever (®· tõng), never (ch-a bao giê)
- ever ®i víi c©u hái vµ c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh
Eg : - Have you ever read this book ? ( CËu ®· tõng ®äc cuèn s¸ch nµy ch-a ?)
-No, I've never read it. (T«i ch-a bao giê ®äc nã)
- This is the most interesting film I've ever seen.( §©y lµ bé phim hay nhÊt mµ t«i ®· tõng xem)
h. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh dïng víi
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in the past 2/ 3 .... years/ months .... ( Trong 2/3 th¸ng/ n¨m qua) .
for last
Eg : -There have been a lot of changes in our town in the last 2 years. (§· cã nhiÒu ®æi thay ë thÞ trÊn
chóng t«i trong 2 n¨m qua)
i. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh dïng víi This is the first, second, third ...... time ( §©y lµ lÇn ®Çu tiªn, lÇn thø
hai ......)
Eg : - This is the first time I've tasted this food. (§©y lµ lÇn ®Çu tiªn t«i ®-îc nÕm mãn ¨n nµy)
= I've never tasted this food before. (Tr-íc ®©y t«i ch-a bao giê ¨n mãn nµy)
k. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh dïng víi
ages
for months (®· l©u råi)
a long time
Eg : - I haven't seen my sister for ages. (§· l©u råi t«i kh«ng gÆp chÞ g¸i t«i)
= It's ages since I last saw my sister. (§· l©u råi kÓ tõ lÇn cuèi cïng t«i gÆp chÞ g¸i t«i)
Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ My wife and I (be) there several times in the past.
2/ We (study) almost every lesson in this book so far.
3/ He (visit) his friends recently.
4/ - You (see) her today ?
- No, I haven't seen her yet.
5/ She (do) her homework already.
6/ They never (go) to the cinema in their life.
7/ Tom, I (not see) you for ages ! Where have you been ?
8/ He is the most kind-hearted man I ever (meet).
9/ There (be) 3 accidents on this street in the past 3 days.
10/ Is this the first time you (visit) our beautiful country ?
11/ Scientists (find) cures for many illnesses in the last 50 years.
12/ My uncle's health (improve) since he (leave) India.
13/ I (buy) a new shirt last week but I (not wear) it yet.
14/ I (not see ) Lan since we (leave) school.
15/ We just (move) to a new house but we (be) dissatisfied with it.
VI/ Present Perfect Continuous (HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh : S + have/ has + been + V-ing
b. Phñ ®Þnh : S + haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing
c. Nghi vÊn : Have / Has + S + been + V-ing ?
2. The use
a. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu tõ trong qu¸ khø kÐo dµi liªn tôc cho tíi hiÖn
t¹i vµ võa chÊm døt ë ®ã .
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Eg : - He's very tired now. He has been walking for 2 hours. (B©y giê anh Êy rÊt mÖt. Anh Êy ®· ®i bé 2 tiÕng
®ång hå)
b. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu tõ trong qu¸ khø kÐo dµi liªn tôc cho tíi hiÖn
t¹i vµ cßn diÔn ra trong t-¬ng lai.
- I've been waiting for my friend since 2 o'clock. He hasn't arrived yet. (T«i ®· ®îi b¹n tõ lóc 2 giê. CËu
Êy vÉn ch-a ®Õn)
c. Thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh tiÕp diÔn dïng ví c©u hái How long, Since when
Eg : - How long have you been living here ? (Anh ®· sèng ë ®©y ®-îc bao l©u råi ?)
- I've been living here for 12 years. = I started living here 12 years ago. (T«i b¾t ®Çu sèng ë ®©y 12 n¨m
tr-íc ®©y.)
Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ - How long you (learn) English ?
- I (learn) English for 5 years.
2/ - Where is Peter ? - He (be) in his room. He (sleep). He (sleep) since 2 o'clock.
3/ They (live) here for 20 years now.
4/ Look ! Her eyes are red and wet. She (cry).
5/ The boy is tired. He (run) for two hours.
6/ You look tired! Yes I (work) _____very hard.
7/ Where's the magazine I gave you? What (you do) _____________________ with it?
8/ We (have) ____ the same car for twelve years.
9/ This room was white. Now it is blue. He (paint) _____________________ it.
10/ This is the first time I (drive) _____________ a car. Thanks for lending me your car.
11/ These shoes are nice and clean. (you clean) _____________________ them?
12/ Sorry I'm late. (you wait) __________ long?
13/ Somebody (steal) _____________________ my keys. They are not on the table.
14/ Mary is still watching TV. She (watch) _____________________ TV all day.
15/ Look! Somebody (spill) ______________ wine on the floor.
VII/ Past Perfect (Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh : S + had + PII
b. Phñ ®Þnh : S + hadn't + PII
c. Nghi vÊn : Had + S + PII ?
2. The use
* Thêi qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng x¶y ra tr-íc mét hµnh ®éng qu¸ khø hoÆc mét thêi ®iÓm qu¸
khø kh¸c . Th-êng ®i víi after, before, when, by the time (cho tíi khi), as soon as ( ngay sau khi)
Eg : - After he had done his homework, he went to the cinema. ( Sau khi nã lµm xong bµi tËp, nã ®i xem
phim.) = Before he went to the cinema, he had done his homework.
- When I got there, they had gone home. (Khi mµ t«i tíi ®ã, hä ®· vÒ nhµ råi.)
- When he had sung his song, he sat down. (Khi anh ta h¸t xong, anh ta ngåi xuèng)
 12

- By the time we got to the station, the train had already left. ( Cho tíi khi chóng t«i tíi ga, tµu ®· ch¹y
råi)
Exercise : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ After her husband (get) home, she started to wash the clothes.
2/ When they reached France, they (visit) 13 countries.
3/ When she (arrive) at his house, she (find) that he (leave) a few minutes before.
4/ Before Mr Ron met me, he (do) nothing.
5/ Yesterday I was sorry that I (hurt) him.
6/ They (tell) her that they (not meet ) her before.
7/ When she (realise) her mistakes, she apologised.
8/ When I (meet) my cousin 2 weeks ago, he told me that he just (return) from the South.
VIII/ Thêi t-¬ng lai ®¬n (will/ shall)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh S + will / shall + V
b. Phñ ®Þnh S + won't / shan't + V
c. C©u hái Will/ Shall + S + V ?
* Notes : - Will ®-îc dïng víi tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i. Shall th-êng dïng víi ng«i I , we.
2. The use : - Thêi t-¬ng lai ®¬n diÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng t-¬ng lai ®¬n thuÇn.
Eg : - I'll do it tomorow. (I'll = I will) ( T«i sÏ lµm viÖc nµy vµo ngµy mai)
- He'll come here soon. (Ch¼ng mÊy chèc nã sÏ tíi ®©y)
- Our exam will be in two weeks. (Kú thi cña chóng t«i sÏ diÔn ra trong 2 tuÇn n÷a)
- They won't help you.
- Will you buy it ?
- Yes, I will/ No, I won't.
* Will cßn ®-îc sö dông trong lêi yªu cÇu, lêi mêi
Eg : - Will you please get it for me ? (Yªu cÇu)
- Yes, certainly/ OK / of course.
- Will you come to my party ? (Lêi mêi)
* Will ®-îc sö dông khi ®-a ra lêi høa
Eg : - I will pay you tomorrow. ( T«i sÏ tr¶ cËu vµo ngµy mai)
* Shall ®-îc sö dông trong lêi gîi ý
Eg : - Shall we go to the zoo this afternoon ? ( ChiÒu nay chóng ta ®i v-ên thó chø ?)
* Shall ®-îc dïng trong lêi ®Ò nghÞ gióp ®ì
Eg : - Shall I do it for you ? ( §Ó t«i gióp cËu nhÐ)
IX/ Thêi t-¬ng lai gÇn, t-¬ng lai dù ®Þnh (Be going to)
1. Form
a. Kh¼ng ®Þnh S + be going to + V
b. Phñ ®Þnh S + be + not + going to + V
c. Nghi vÊn Be + S + going to + V ?
- Are you going to work in France next month ? - Yes, I am / No, I'm not.
 13

2. The use
a. DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng t-¬ng lai ®· lªn kÕ ho¹ch tõ tr-íc.
Eg : - He's going to get married next month.(Anh Êy sÏ c-íi vî vµo th¸ng sau)
b.DiÔn t¶ hµnh ®éng s¾p x¶y ra trong t-¬ng lai gÇn
.Eg : - Look at those clouds ! It's going to rain. (Nh×n nh÷ng ®¸m m©y k×a ! Trêi s¾p m-a ®Êy !)
* So s¸nh Will vµ Be going to
- Be going to chØ hµnh ®éng t-¬ng lai cã dù ®Þnh.
Eg : - I'm going to England for my holiday next week.
- Will chØ hµnh ®éng t-¬ng lai bÊt chît, kh«ng ®-îc dù tÝnh tõ tr-íc.
Eg : - Our teacher is ill. (ThÇy gi¸o bÞ èm ®Êy)
- Is he ? I'll visit him this afternoon (ThÕ µ ? ChiÒu nay tí sÏ th¨m thÇy. )
Exercise 1: Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ - Hai has just been taken to hospital with a broken leg.
- I'm sorry to hear that. I (visit) him.
2/ Look at those clouds. It (rain).
3/ What are you going to do with that dress ?
- I (shorten) it.
4/ I've hired a typerwriter and I (learn) to type.
5/ Listen to this ! I think this news (surprise) you.
6/ Tom, when you (get) married, this month or next month ?
7/ - What you (do) next week ? - I (visit) my grandparents.
Exercise for Revision : Chia ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc ë ®óng thêi
1/ Roy (come) from New York. He (live) in California now. He (study) marketing. He has earned a lot of
money and just (buy) a car. He (drive) his car to his friend in the countryside yesterday. While he (drive) there,
he (see) a train accident....
2/ Mr Baker (work) as an engineer. He (be) an engineer since 1985. He (have) 2 children. They (study) abroad
now.
3/ I never (meet) anyone famous yet. Have you ?
- Yes, I (have). I (meet) Elton John in New York in 1988 and we (talk) to each other a lot.
4/ In the evening I often (play) chess with my door neighbour. I (play) chess with him ever since I (come) to
live here ten years ago. He (be) here all his life. He (inherit) the house from his father, another great chess
player.
5/ Alice (be) 18 years old and she (come) from England. She is now in Hanoi and (study) Vietnamese. She
(arrive) in Hanoi in January, so she (be) there for 6 months. Next month she (go) to Hue.
6/ When I was young I (want) ______ to be a pilot.
7/ Who (you wait) __________ for when I arrived?
8/ - You (see) ________________ Jane last night?
- Yes. She (wear) ____ her new jacket when I saw her.
9/ By the time we got to the cinema the film ____________ (to start), so we missed the first five minutes
 14

10/ When I rang the bell there was no answer. The neighbour told me that they (to go out) about half an hour
ago

Chuyên đề 2: Tính từ- Trạng từ- So sánh

Adjectives - Adverbs ( TÝnh tõ - Tr¹ng tõ)
1/ So s¸nh vÒ cÊu t¹o
Adv = Adj + ly
Eg :
- quick - quickly (nhanh)
- slow - slowly (chËm)
- careful - carefully ( cÈn thËn)
- bad - badly (kÐm, tåi)
* L-u ý :
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ cã tËn cïng lµ y biÕn ®æi nh- sau :
- happy - happily ( h¹nh phóc, vui vÎ)
- easy - easily (dÔ)
- lazy - lazily (l-êi)
+ Nh÷ng tr-êng hîp kh«ng theo qui t¾c :
- good - well ( tèt)
- fast - fast (nhanh)
- late - late (muén)
- much - much ( nhiÒu)
- hard - hard ( ch¨m chØ)
- early - early (sím)
- far - far (xa)
2/ So s¸nh vÒ c¸ch sö dông
* Adj :
+ §øng tr-íc danh tõ (n) :
Eg : - He is a careful driver. ( Anh Êy lµ mét l¸i xe cÈn thËn)
+ §øng sau ®éng tõ to be :
Eg : - He is careful. ( Anh Êy cÈn thËn)
* Adv :
- §øng sau ®éng tõ th-êng :
Eg : - He drives carefully.( Anh Êy l¸i xe cÈn thËn)
Exercise : Chän tõ ®óng trong sè hai tõ trong ngoÆc :
1. John is reading (careful / carefully).
2. He is a (slow / slowly) learner.
3. Maria Elena speaks Spanish ( fluently / fluent)
4. Rita plays the violin ( good / well).
5. He was working ( hard / hardly).
 15

6. The sun is ( bright / brightly) today.

7. She's a ( fast / fastly ) swimmer.
8. You can do this exercise (easily/ easy).
Exercise : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa :
1. Mr Hai is a bad driver.  Mr Hai drives .....................................................................
2. She is a careless driver. She .....................................................................................
3. Hoa is a fast typist.  Hoa ........................................................................................
4. Mary dances marvellously.  Mary is ........................................................................
5. Celine Dion sings well.  Celine Dion is .....................................................................
6. Lien is a good English speaker.  Lien speaks ............................................................
7. Mr Linh is a hard worker.  Mr Linh ............................................................................
8. Minh is a fast swimmer.  Minh swims ........................................................................
9. My father drives well.  My father is ............................................................................
10. He runs quickly.  He is ...........................................................................................
11. Lan is a bad English speaker.  Lan speaks...............................................................
12. Mrs Young is a very slow typist.  Mrs Young types ................................................
13. My mother cooks well.  My mother ........................................................................
Exercise : §äc ®o¹n v¨n sau, dïng tõ gîi ý ®Æt c©u hái vµ tr¶ lêi:
Carol Stuart is a good student. She is studying chemistry. She can play the piano and the guitar very well. She
is a very good cook and swimmer. She speaks Russian and French perfectly. She is beautiful, too.
1. Carol / good / bad student ?
2. What / she / study ?
3. How / she / play / piano / guitar ?
4. She / cook / well ?
5. She / swim / well ?
6. How / she / speak Russian / French ?
7. She / beautiful ?

So s¸nh ( Comparisons)
A/ So s¸nh TÝnh tõ
I/ So s¸nh ngang b»ng
* MÉu c©u : S + to be + as + adj + as + noun (danh tõ)
pronoun (®¹i tõ)
Eg : - Nam is as quick as Hai.
- They are as happy as we are.
us.
* L-u ý :- Trong c©u phñ ®Þnh ta cã thÓ dïng so thay cho as :
Eg : - Mai isn't as tall as her brother.
= Mai isn't so tall as her brother.
 16

Exercise 1 : Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh ngang b»ng :

1. Ha Noi / noisy / Ho Chi Minh City.
2. Today / cold / yesterday.
3. My bag / expensive / his.
4. Their house / big / our house.
5. I / not / tired / yesterday.
6. this pen / good / that one ?
7. Her shoes / cheap / mine.
II/ So s¸nh h¬n ( Comparative)
1/ Short adj (TÝnh tõ ng¾n)
TÝnh tõ ng¾n lµ tÝnh tõ cã mét ©m tiÕt :
Eg : - big, cold, hot, tall ....
MÉu c©u : S + to be + adj + er + than + noun (danh tõ)
pronoun (®¹i tõ)
Eg : - Hoa is taller than I am. = I'm not as tall as Hoa (is).
me.
- It was colder yesterday than (it is) today.
* L-u ý :
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m, tr-íc khi thªm er, ph¶i gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi.
Eg : - big - bigger
- hot - hotter
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ e , chØ thªm r :
Eg : - large - larger
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt , kÕt thóc lµ y, ®-îc biÕn ®æi nh- sau :
Eg : - happy - happier
- pretty - prettier (®Ñp)
- lazy - lazier ( l-êi)
Exercise 1: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n :
1. I / short / my brother.
2. Hai Duong / small/ Ha noi.
3. His shoes / cheap / mine.
4. Russia / big / Canada.
5. This exercise / easy / that one.
6. this car / fast / yours ?
7. Today / cold / yesterday.
2/ Long adj ( TÝnh tõ dµi)
TÝnh tõ dµi lµ tÝnh tõ cã 2 ©m tiÕt trë lªn:
Eg : tired, expensive, difficult, interesting ...
MÉu c©u : S + to be + more +long adj + than + noun (danh tõ)
pronoun (®¹i tõ)
 17

Eg : - They are more tired than us. = We are not as tired as them.
- This exercise is more difficult than that one.
Exercise 2: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n :
1. Her shoes / expensive / his.
2. Mr Jones / careful / wife.
3. Football / popular / table-tennis.
4. English / difficult / Chinese ?
5. Spring / pleasant / summer.
6. Her car / comfortable / mine.
7. His chidren / hard-working / my chidren.

3/ Irregular Adj ( BÊt qui t¾c)

- good - better
- bad - worse
- far - farther / further ( xa)
- much - more
- many - more
- little - less ( Ýt)
Eg : - His English is better than mine. = My English isn't as good as his.
Exercise 3: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n :
1. My friend's bike / good / mine.
2. This picture / bad / yours.
3. He has / much money / I have.
4. My sister / have / many books / me.
Exercise 4: ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa :
1/ They were happier yesterday than today.  Today they .............................................
2/ English isn't so interesting as biology.  Biology is ..........................................................
3 / I'm not as good at English as him.  He is .....................................................................
4/ His role is more important than mine.  My role .............................................................
5 / My kitchen is bigger than yours.  Your kitchen ..............................................................
6 / I haven't got as much money as you.  You have ...............................................................
7 / French is more difficult than English.  English ...............................................................
8 / Nam isn't so careful as his father.  Nam's father ...............................................................
9 / Mai is prettier than her sister.  Mai's sister ...................................................................
10 / Hai Duong isn't so noisy as Ha Noi.  Ha Noi ................................................................
11/ My house is smaller than his.  His house .....................................................................
III/ So s¸nh nhÊt
1/ Short adj :
MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + short adj + est + in / of ....
 18

Eg : - John is the tallest student in his class. = No one in his class is taller than John.
= No one in his class is as tall as John.
* L-u ý :
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ mét phô ©m, tr-íc khi thªm est, ph¶i gÊp ®«i phô ©m cuèi.
Eg : - big - the biggest
- hot - the hottest
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ kÕt thóc lµ e , chØ thªm st :
Eg : - large - largest
+ Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ 2 ©m tiÕt , kÕt thóc lµ y, ®-îc biÕn ®æi nh- sau :
Eg : - happy - happiest
- pretty - prettiest
- lazy - laziest
2. Long adj :
MÉu c©u : S + to be + the + most + long adj + in / of ....
Eg : - Freedom is the most important of all. ( Tù do lµ quan träng nhÊt trong sè mäi ®iÒu)
= Nothing is more important than freedom.
3. Irregular Adj :
- good - the best
- bad - the worst
- many - the most
- much - the most
- little - the least
- far - the farthest/furthest
Eg : - Mai is the best student in our class.
Exercise 1: Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt c©u ë d¹ng so s¸nh nhÊt :
1. Russia / large / country/ in the world.
2. She / careful pupil / in my class.
3. Ronaldinho / good / footballer / in the world.
4. Phil / happy / person / we know.
5. These shoes / expensive / of all.
6. Ho Chi Minh City / big city / in Viet Nam.
7. This / interesting film / I / ever / see.
8. Hoa / pretty / girl / in her group.
9. Mr Pike / generous / person / in my town.
Exercise 2: Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu
Eg : It's a very nice room. It's one of the nicest rooms in the hotel.
1/ It's a very old castle. It's .............................. in Britain.
2/ She's a very good player. She's ..................in the team.
3/ It was a very bad experience. It was............in my life.
4/ Nam is a very intelligent student. He................ .... .in the class.
 19

Exercise 3: ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa :

1/ No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan.  Lan is .......................................................
2/ We don't know a happier person than him.  He is .....................................................................
3/ Nothing is more interesting than football.  Football is ........................................................
4/ Is this the biggest hat you've got ?  Have you got .................................................................. ?
5/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world.  Everest is ................................................
6/ No one in my class is fatter than Minh.  Minh is ........................................................................
7/ Mr Ron is the richest man in our town.  No one .......................................................................
8/ No one in my group is better at English than Lan.  Lan is ........................................................

B/ So s¸nh Tr¹ng tõ
I/ So s¸nh ngang b»ng
MÉu c©u : S + V + as + adv + as + noun (danh tõ)
pronoun (®¹i tõ)
Eg : - Mr Ba works as hard as Mr Lam.
* L-u ý : Ta cã thÓ thay as b»ng so trong c©u phñ ®Þnh.
Eg : - I can't play the piano as well as my sister. = I can't play the piano so well as my sister.
II/ So s¸nh h¬n
1/ Short adverbs (Tr¹ng tõ ng¾n)
MÉu c©u : S + V + short adv + er + than + noun (danh tõ) / pronoun (®¹i tõ)

Eg : - My brother runs faster than I do. = I don't run as fast as my brother.

me.
2. Long adv :
MÉu c©u : S + V + more + long adv + than + noun (danh tõ)
pronoun (®¹i tõ)
Eg : - Mr Jones drives more carefully than Mr Smith.
= Mr Smith doesn't drive as carefully as Mr Jones.
3. Irregular adv ( BÊt qui t¾c)
Eg : - well - better
- badly - worse
- much - more
- early - earlier
- late - later
Eg : - Sam can speaks French better than me.
- Yesterday he drank more than today.
Exercise : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa :
1/ Jane can swim further than I can.  I can't ..................................................................................
2/ We didn't do the test as quickly as Linh.  Linh did ..................................................................
 20

3/ Peter can't run as fast as Tim.  Tim runs ...................................................................................

4/ John speaks French more fluently than I do.  I cannot.............................................................
5/- Thuy is a more fluent French speaker than Phong.  Thuy speaks French ................................
6/ He plays football better than me.  I don't ..................................................................................
7/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband.  Mrs Hoa 's husband works ...........................
8/ They answered the teacher's question yesterday more intelligently than us.
 We didn't ......................................................................................................................................
9/ Hai couldn't listen to the teacher yesterday as attentively as his friend did.
 Hai's friend ..................................................................................................................................
10/ She runs faster than me.  I don't ............................................................................................
11/ Thanh works harder now than last year.  Last year Thanh ....................................................
12/ He doesn't understand the lessons as well as last year.  Last year he ......................................
13/ My sister usually gets up earlier than me.  I usually ...........................................................
14/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much as Mr Withe.  Yesterday Mr Withe.......................
15/ Tom speaks more persuasively than Bill.  Tom is ...................................................................
16/ I don't know as much about it as her.  She knows..................................................................
17/ Mrs La is a slower and more careful driver than I am.  La drives ...........................................
18/ Jane is a better cook than Robert.  Robert can't .......................................................................
19/ He didn't arrive as early as we expected.  He arrived ..............................................................

C/ Mét sè l-u ý thªm vÒ c¸c c©u So s¸nh

1. Ta cã thÓ dïng much, (by) far , a lot , a little tr-íc adj vµ adv trong c©u so s¸nh h¬n ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh.
Eg : - My bag is much cheaper than my friend's.
- My father swims far better than me.
2. Cã thÓ dïng danh tõ víi c©u so s¸nh.
Eg : - I have more books than my sister. = My sister doesn't have as many books as I have.
- He has more money than his brother. = His brother doesn't have as much money as him.
3. Cã thÓ thay danh tõ sè Ýt b»ng that, danh tõ sè nhiÒu b»ng those nÕu ta kh«ng muèn nh¾c l¹i danh tõ ®ã.
Eg : - The salary of a professor is higher than that of a teacher. ( L-¬ng cña gi¸o s- th× cao h¬n cña gi¸o
viªn) (that = the salary)
- Classes in the college aren't as difficult as those in the university. (Those = classes)
4. Cã thÓ dïng twice (2 times), 3, 4... times trong c©u so s¸nh ngang b»ng.
Eg : - His house is twice as big as my house. (Nhµ cña anh Êy to gÊp ®«i nhµ t«i)
5. The same as ®-îc sö dông trong d¹ng so s¸nh ngang b»ng.
Eg : - Ann's salary is as high as Peter's. = Ann's salary is the same as Peter's.
- Tom is as old as George. = Tom is the same age as George. (Tom b»ng tuæi George)
6. More and more, better and better, harder and harder, more and more difficult .....
Eg : - His English is getting better and better. (TiÕng Anh cña anh Êy ngµy cµng trë lªn tèt h¬n)
 21

- These days more and more people are learning English. (Ngµy nay ngµy cµng cã nhiÒu ng-êi häc tiÕng
Anh)
7. So s¸nh kÐp :
MÉu c©u : The + so s¸nh + chñ ng÷ + ®éng tõ + the + so s¸nh + chñ ng÷ + ®éng tõ
Eg : - The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it. (Cµng nghÜ vÒ kÕ ho¹ch ®ã, t«i cµng thÊy kh«ng
thÝch nã)
- The warmer the weather (is), the better I feel.
- The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
( B¹n cµng ®i sím b¹n cµng tíi ®Ých sím h¬n)
- The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. (Chóng ta cµng trÎ th× häc cµng dÔ)
Exercise 1: Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu
Eg: It's becoming harder and harder to find a job.(hard)
1/ That hole in your pullover is getting ............(big)
2/ As I waited for my interview, I became .........(nervous)
3/ As the day went on, the weather got .............(bad)
4/ Travelling is becoming .......................(expensive)
5/ Since she has been in Britain, her English has got .....(good)
Exercise 2: Hoµn thµnh c¸c c©u sau theo mÉu
Eg: I like warm weather. The warmer the weather , the better I feel (feel)
1. I didn't really like him at first. But the more I got to know him, ............................(like)
2/ She had to wait a very long time. The longer she waited, ........................ (impatient/become)
3/ If you use more electricity, your bill will be higher. The more electricity you use, ...........(high)
Exercise 3: Chän tõ ®óng trong sè c¸c tõ ®· cho :
1. This car is ............. as expensive as our car.
a. double b. twice c. much d. a lot
2. The harder she works, the ........ money she earns.
a. better b. much c. more d. less
3. The ....... you are, the ............ it is to concentrate.
a. more tired / more hard b. more tired/ harder c. tired / hard d. tired / hardly
4. The ...... she waited, the ........... she became.
a. more long / more impatient b. longer / impatient
c. long / more impatient d. longer / more impatient
5. The standard of living in Canada is higher ............. in many countries.
a. than that b. as that c. than those d. as those
6. My boss is very young. He's ............ than I am.
a. younger 10 years b. 10 years more young c. 10 years younger d. 10 years young
7. Life in Hai Phong is ........ expensive than that in Hai Duong.
a. a little more b. a little much c. far much d. more a lot
8. What do you think about the parks in London ? Are they bigger ............... in Ha Noi ?
a. than that b. than those c. as that d. as those
9. ................. pollution is being produced nowadays.
 22

a. Much and much b. Many and many c. Better and better d. More and more
10. The ........... you spend learning, ........... your study result will be.
a. much time / the best b. more time / the good c. more time / the better d. better time / the well
11. Is your weight ................... Hoa's.
a. the same as b. as the same c. the same like d. like the same

Revision 1
I/ Rewrite the following sentences
1/ They were more tired yesterday than today.  Today they ........................................................
2/ Mr Hai is a good driver.  Mr Hai drives .....................................................................................
3/ English isn't so difficult as Maths.  Maths is .........................................................................
4/ His brother is not so good at French as him.  He is ...............................................................
5/ His role is more important than mine.  My role ......................................................................
6/ I can't swim as well as Jane.  Jane ...........................................................................................
7/ No one in my class is noisier than Lan.  Lan is ........................................................................
8/ We didn't do the test as fast as Linh.  Linh did ........................................................................
9/ Peter can't run as far as Tim.  Tim runs ...................................................................................
10/ My kitchen is smaller than yours.  Your kitchen ...................................................................
11/ Phong speaks English more fluently than I do.  I .................................................................
12/ She is a dangerous driver.  She ...............................................................................................
13/ Hoa is a careful typist.  Hoa .....................................................................................................
14/ Mary dances marvellously.  Mary is ......................................................................................
15/ Celine Dion sings wonderfully.  Celine Dion is .....................................................................
16/ Lien is a good English speaker.  Lien speaks ..........................................................................
17/ We don't know a lazier person than her.  She is ......................................................................
18/ Nothing is more interesting than football.  Football is ...........................................................
19/ I am 20 years old. My brother is 40.  My brother is twice ......................................................
20/ Everest is higher than any mountains in the world.  Everest is ..............................................
21/ Minh is the most hard-working in our class.  No one ...........................................................
22/ You have more money than us.  We .......................................................................................
23/ Mr Robinson is the poorest person in our town.  No one .......................................................
24/ No one in my group is better at English than Linh. - Linh is ................................................
25/ Phong speaks French more fluently than Thuy.  Thuy does ....................................................
26/ He plays football more skilfully than me.  I don't ....................................................................
27/ Mrs Hoa doesn't work as hard as her husband.
 Mrs Hoa 's husband works ...........................................................................................................
28/ He doesn't run as quickly as five years ago.
 Five years ago he .........................................................................................................................
 23

29/ My sister usually gets up later than me.  I don't usually .........................................................
30/ French is more difficult than English.  English .......................................................................
31/ Nam isn't so careless as his brother.  Nam's brother ...............................................................
32/ My house is much smaller than his.  His house .......................................................................
33/ The streets in Ha Noi aren't as quiet as those in Paris.
 The streets in Paris ........................................................................................................................
34/ Yesterday, Mr Pike didn't drink as much beer as Mr Withe.
 Yesterday Mr Withe......................................................................................................................
35/ Mrs Ha is 2 years younger than Mrs Lanh.  Mrs Lanh ............................................................
36. He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months.  The last time ..................................................
37. I've never been to Scotland before. This is ..............................................................................
38. I started learning English 5 years ago.  I've ..............................................................................
39. The last time I saw him was in 1995.  I haven't .......................................................................
40. We haven't seen Ann for ages. It's ages ..................................................................................
41. Linda's career as a television presenter began 4 years ago.
 Linda has been .............................................................................................................................
42. It started to rain at two o'clock. It has ......................................................................................
43. Samuel started keeping a diary 2 years ago.  Samuel has ........................................................
44. It is ages since I last saw you.  I haven't ...................................................................................
45. We last saw him when we were students.  We haven't ...........................................................
46. She is the most beautiful girl I've ever met.  I've never............................................................
47. He hasn't received news from home for two months.  The last time .....................................
II/ Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B, C hoÆc D
1/ Hurry up ! We've been waiting for you. What's taking you so long ?
- I .......... for an important phone call. Go ahead and leave without me.
A. wait B. will wait C. am waiting D. have waited
2/ Robert is going to be famous someday. He ...... in 3 movies already.
A. has been appearing B. had appeared C. has appeared D. appeared
3/ "Where's Polly ?"" - "She ............."
A. is in her room B. in her room is C. studies in her room D. has in her room studied
studying studying
4/ When is Mr Fields planning to retire ?
- Soon, I think. He ............... here for a long time. He'll probably retire either next year or the year after that.
A. worked B. had been working C. has been working D. is working
5/ Next week when there is a full moon, the ocean tides ...... higher.
A. is being B. is C. will be D. will have been
6/ - I once saw a turtle that had wings. The turtle flew into the air to catch insects.
- I ............................... it.
 24

A. don't believe B. am not believing C. didn't believe D. wasn't believing

7/ My family loves this house. It ........ the family home ever since my grandfather built it 60 years ago.
A. was B. has been C. is D. will be
8/ A minor earthquake occured at 2.00a.m on January 3rd. Most of the people in the village ............. at the
time and didn't even know it had occured until the next morning.
A. slept B. had slept C. were sleeping D. slept
9/ Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow ?
We ................. visit the Natural Museum.
A. will B. are going to C. will be D. will have
10/ When I came, everyone ...............
A. has left B. had left C. left D. was leaving

Chuyên đề 3: Full infinitive – Gerund

Danh ®éng tõ (Gerund)
I/ The form
V+ ing : - swimmimg, having, playing .....
II/ Mét sè mÉu c©u víi danh ®éng tõ
1/ Danh ®éng tõ ®ãng vai trß lµ chñ ng÷ trong c©u
- Swimming is my hobby. (B¬i lµ së thÝch cña t«i)
2/ Danh ®éng tõ lµm bæ ng÷ trong c©u (®øng sau to be)
- My hobby is swimming.
3/ Danh ®éng tõ ®-îc sö dông sau giíi tõ
*Mét sè côm tÝnh tõ +giíi tõ + V-ing
to be interested in
afraid of
bored with
capable of
tired of doing sth
used to
good at ( giái vÒ)
good for ( tèt cho ai, ®iÒu g×)
fond of
fed up with
excited about ( phÊn khÝch)
Eg : - I'm afraid of flying.
- Are you bored with staying at home at weekends ?
- He's used to getting up early.
- Nam is good at learning French.
*Mét sè côm ®éng tõ + giíi tõ
- succeed in doing sth thµnh c«ng khi lµm g×
 25

- object to ph¶n ®èi lµm g×

- apologise for xin lçi v× ®· lµm g×
- go on tiÕp tôc lµm g×
- keep on cø, tiÕp tôc
- give up tõ bá lµm g×
Eg : - He succeeded in finding a good job.
- I object to going out. ( T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc t«i ph¶i ra ngoµi)
- I object to his going out. (T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc anh ta ra ngoµi)
- He apologised (to me) for breaking the glass. (Anh ta xin lçi (t«i) v× ®· ®¸nh vì c¸i cèc)
* Mét sè vÝ dô vÒ c¸c giíi tõ kh¸c :
After, before, without, like , for , on ........
Eg : - He left my house without saying good bye. ( Anh ta rêi nhµ t«i mµ kh«ng nãi lêi t¹m biÖt)
On seeing her mother, she burst out crying. = When she saw her mother, she burst into tears.
( Khi nh×n thÊy mÑ, nã ßa lªn khãc)
- After saying good bye to me, he went back to the college.
4/ Danh ®éng tõ ®-îc sö dông sau mét sè ®éng tõ
- love doing sth
- like
- hate
- enjoy
- begin
- start
- avoid (tr¸nh)
- postpone (tr× ho·n)
- mind (ng¹i, phiÒn)
- remember (Nhí ®· lµm g×)
- regret doing sth ( TiÕc ®· lµm g×)
- prevent sb from doing sth ( Ng¨n c¶n ai lµm g×)
- suggest (gîi ý lµm g×)
- consider (suy tÝnh)
- deny (chèi bá)
- keep (gi÷, tiÕp tôc)
- practise (thùc hµnh)
- admit (thó nhËn)
- finish
- stop
........
Eg : - He suggested visiting the museum. ( Anh ta gîi ý ®i th¨m viÖn b¶o tµng)
- We are considering leaving our village.
- He kept (on) listening to the radio.
 26

- I don't mind working hard.

- Would you mind opening the window ?
- You should practise speaking English in class.
- The bad weather prevented us from having a picnic.
( Thêi tiÕt xÊu ng¨n c¶n chóng t«i ®i picnic)
- The children enjoy walking in the rain.
- My father started working here when he was 23.
- They stopped laughing when the teacher came in.
5/ Danh ®éng tõ ®-îc sö dông ®Ó t¹o thµnh danh tõ kÐp : D®tõ + Danh tõ = Danh tõ kÐp
Eg: - a reading lamp (®Ìn ®äc s¸ch) = a lamp for reading
- a travelling bag ( tói du lÞch) = a bag for travelling
6/Danh ®éng tõ ®-îc sö dông sau mét sè côm tõ sau
- can't stand/ can't bear kh«ng thÓ chÞu ®ùng ®-îc
- can't help / can't resist kh«ng thÓ ®õng ®-îc
- look forward to mong muèn
- It's no use v« Ých khi lµm g×
- It's no good
- There's no point in
- It's (not) worth ThËt (kh«ng ) ®¸ng
Eg : -I look forward to hearing from you. ( T«i mong nhËn ®-îc tin cËu)
- It's no use waiting for her. ( ThËt v« Ých khi ®îi c« ta)
-- There's no point in asking him for money.
- We can't help laughing when he told his funny story.
( Chóng t«i kh«ng nhÞn ®-îc c-êi khi nghe anh Êy kÓ chuyÖn c-êi)
- It's worth reading this book. (ThËt ®¸ng ®äc cuèn s¸ch nµy)
7. S + V + possessive adj / object pronoun + Gerund
(Chñ ng÷ + ® tõ + t tõ së h÷u/ ®¹i tõ t©n ng÷ + Danh ®éng tõ )
- object to one's doing sth (ph¶n ®èi ai lµm g×)
- insist on one's doing sth (nµi nØ ai lµm g×)
- approve / disapprove of one's doing sth (chÊp nhËn/ kh«ng chÊp nhËn ai lµm g×)
- dislike one's doing sth (kh«ng thÝch ai lµm g×)
Eg : - We object to his/ him coming late. (Chóng t«i ph¶n ®èi anh ta ®Õn muén)
- I object to working overtime this week.
(T«i ph¶n ®èi viÖc ph¶i lµm viÖc qu¸ giê vµo tuÇn nµy)
- They insisted on my attending the party. ( Hä nµi nØ t«i ®Õn dù tiÖc)
- She insisted on seeing the manager.= She insisted that she had to see the manager.
( C« ta kh¨ng kh¨ng ®ßi gÆp gi¸m ®èc)
- His parents disapprove of his marrying that woman.
(Bè mÑ anh Êy kh«ng t¸n thµnh anh Êy c-íi ng-êi ®µn bµ ®ã)
- I dislike people criticising me unfairly. (T«i ghÐt viÖc mäi ng-êi chØ trÝch t«i kh«ng c«ng b»ng)
Exercise 1: Provide the correct form of the verbs in brackets
 27

1/ He doesn't enjoy (sit) alone and (do) nothing.

2/ My brother (give) up (fish) last year.
3/ Please go on (write). I don't mind (wait).
4/ Their children (be) afraid of (walk) on the street at night.
5/ Do you mind (turn) off the radio ?
6/ I'm fond of (swim) in the river.
7/ She (hate) (get) up early.
8/ We are fed up with (eat) the same food everyday.
9/ My child is bored with (play) with the same picture.
10/ We like (see) people living peacefully.
11/Are you interested in (have) dinner with me this afternoon ?
12/ Mr Long loves (watch) football on TV.
13/ Nam is used to (stay) up late.
14/ There's no point in (ask) him for money. He's broke.
15/ The bad weather prevented us from (go) on holiday.
16/ (Have) a talk with a man like him is really interesting.
Exercise 2: Use the suggestions to write complete sentences
1/ Lan / enjoy / listen / music.
2/ brother/ interested / find / new job.
3/ father / tired / work / his factory.
4/ father / give up / drink coffee / last month.
5/ your sister / fond / go swimming ?
6/ they / bored / talk / their neighbour.
7/ I / begin / learn / English / last year.
8/ They / stop / argue / when / I / arrive.
9/ The workers / start / widen / road / 1999.
10/ I can't stand / stay / home all day.
11/ He / leave / restaurant / without / pay the bill.
12/ They / stop / talk/ when / teacher / come in.
13/ Lan / hate / drink milk.
14/ I / not mind / work hard.
15/ sister / afraid / be at home / alone.
16/ We / bored / watch / Vietnamese films / TV.
17/ mother / interested / learn / foreign language.
18/ favourite pastime / fish.
19/ Play chess / not / pastime.
20/ I / not used to / work / overtime.
21/ Children / fed / with / water / flowers.
22/ They / fond / practise English.
Exercise 3: Fill in the blank with one suitable word
1/ They're bored ........ watching the same programme everyday.
 28

2/ His wife is ......... ............ .......... washing the dishes.

3/ She enjoys ............... at home on Sunday.
4/ I'm .............. in playing the piano.
5/ We're fond .......... ............. English.
6/ Do you ............... getting the remote control ?
Exercise 4: Read the following passage, use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them.
Mr Smith used to be a worker, but now he is unemployed. He is 45 years old. It's not easy to start looking for
a job at his age. He's interested in learning a new skill but nobody wants to train him. He's tired of sitting
around the house. When he was with his factory he was bored with doing the same thing everyday, but now he
really enjoys doing a job again. He's looking forward to working in a company in the city.
1/ Mr Smith / unemployed / now ?
2/ How old / he ?
3/ it / easy / start / look / job / his age ?
4/ What / he interested / do ?
5/ anyone / want / train him ?
6/ he / fond / sit/ around / house ?
7/ he / bored / do / same thing/ when / he / with / factory ?
8/ he / enjoy / do / a job / now ?
Exercise 5: Complete the following
1/ I don't mind ..............................................
2/ He's interested ..............................................
3/ They enjoy ..............................................
4/ We are afraid ......................................................................................
5/ Are you tired ....................................................................................... ?
Exercise 6: Complete the following
1/ A stick for walking is ..................................................................................
2/ A rod for fishing is ....................................................................................
3/ A pair of shoes for dancing is ...................................................................
4/ A bag for sleeping is .................................................................................
5/ A bag for traveling is .................................................................................
Exercise 7: Read the following passage and do the tasks below
Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me.
Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I'm even less lucky. I
never catch anything, not even old boots. After having spent the whole morning on the river, I always go home
with an empty bag. My friends advise me to give up fishing, but they don't realize one important thing. I'm only
interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !
Use the suggestions to make questions and then answer them.
1/ What / writer's favourite sport ?
2/ he / catch / anything ?
3/ What / unlucky fishermen / catch ?
4/ What / writer / interested / do ?
 29

Exercise 8: §iÒn vµo chç trèng mét giíi tõ thÝch hîp

1/ Jane is always afraid .............. flying.
2/ She's very bad ........ foreign languages.
3/ You should drink this. It is good ........... keeping fit.
4/ They succeeded ...... finding a good job for their children.
5/ I object .......... her coming to work late.
6/ Are you interested ......... collecting stamps ?
7/ Lan's fond .......... cooking.
8/ We're fed up ............ learning philosophy.
9/ Mr Kha is used ............. jogging in the morning.
10/ My teacher is capable ............. writing articles.
11/ The students are bored ......... his lectures.
12/ ....... saying good bye to his wife, he left for London.
13/ I don't feel .......... working here.
14/ He looked angry. He left my house ......... saying good bye.
15/ She apologised ........ her boyfriend ......... hurting him.
16/ My parents approved ........ my going to study at this college.
17/ I want to sell my house. I'm really tired ......... my neighbour playing music at night.
18/ You can't succeed ........... working hard.
19/ We can only succeed ........... working hard.
20/ Do your parents approve ....... your working for that company ?
21/ They are excited ............ going to see the football match.
22/ I find it hard to get used .......... driving on the left.
23/ You should turn off the lights .......... leaving the room.
24/ ........... seeing her brother, Lan burst out crying.
Exercise 9: Rewrite the following sentences
1/ Do you mind if I borrow your pen ?  Do you mind ................................................................ ?
2/ "I don't want to walk there alone.", he shouted.  He objected to ..............................................
3/ "Sorry ! I'm late !", she said to me.  She apologised ................................................................
4/ "We don't want you to marry that woman", they said to me.  They objected to .....................
5/ Persuading her to come is pointless.  It's no use ......................................................................
6 / It's pointless to worry about someone else's problems.  There's no point ................................
7/ He tried to escape but the police stopped him.  The police prevented him ..............................
8/ "I'm sorry that I broke the glass', said Peter.  Peter apologised ...............................................
9/ She doesn't stay up so late.  She's not used ................................................................................
10/ It was a bit difficult to get to work this morning.  Getting to work .......................................

Infinitive (§éng tõ nguyªn thÓ)

I/ The form :
to work, to play....
 30

II/ Mét sè mÉu c©u sö dông víi ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ

1/ It + to be + adj + to do sth
It is dangerous to go out alone at night.( ThËt lµ nguy hiÓm khi ®i ra ngoµi mét m×nh vµo ban ®ªm)
2/ It + to be + adj + for sb + to do sth
It is necessary for you to learn English. ( CËu cÇn ph¶i häc tiÕng Anh)
3/ It + to be + adj + of sb + to do sth
It is very kind of you to help me. ( CËu thËt tèt bông khi gióp t«i)
It was very careless of you to leave the door open last night. ( CËu thËt cÈu th¶ khi ®Ó cöa më tèi qua)
4/ S + to be + too (qu¸) + adj + to do sth
- You are too young to get married. (CËu cßn qu¸ trÎ ®Ó lËp gia ®×nh)
5/ S + to be + too + adj + for sb + to do
- The bag is too heavy for me to carry. (C¸i tói qu¸ nÆng ®Ó t«i mang)
6/ S + to be + adj + enough + to do sth
I'm not strong enough to carry this case. (T«i kh«ng ®ñ kháe ®Ó mang c¸i va li nµy)
7/ S + to be + adj + enough + for sb +to do
- The bag isn't light enough for me to carry.
8/ S +V + too + adv + for sb + to do
- The cat ran too fast for the dog to catch.
9/ S + V + adv + enough + for sb + to do
- He doesn't speak slowly enough for us to understand. (¤ng Êy kh«ng nãi chËm ®Ó chóng t«i hiÓu)
10/ S + to be + the first / second... to do sth
- He was the first person to leave the party.( Anh ta lµ ng-êi ®Çu tiªn rêi b÷a tiÖc)
= He was the first person who left the party.
Exercise I : Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt thµnh c©u hoµn chØnh
1/ It / interesting / have a talk / him.
2/ It / unhealthy / live / this / house.
3/ It / boring / stay / home / Saturday.
4/ It / difficult / speak English well.
5/ It / wonderful / have / holiday / Paris.
6/ It / important / you / know how to drive.
8/ It / easy / her / finish work on time.
9/ It / impolite / him / say like that.
10/ It / careless / you / leave / umbrella / train yesterday.
11/ Mr Hai / too old / apply for that job.
12/ Children / too young / join this club.
13/ The test / too difficult / us / do.
14/ house / too expensive / uncle / buy.
15/ We / not / rich / buy / car.
16/ shoes / not / cheap / me / buy.
17/ The task / not / easy enough / us / do.
 31

18/ The robber / ran / too fast / policeman / catch.

19/ They / walking / too slowly / reach the top before night.
20/ Mr Ba / not speak clearly / us / understand.
21/ She / the last / person / come in.
22/ It / careless / you / let / door / open / last night.
23/ It / necessary / us / finish/ work / this afternoon.
Exercise II : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand.  The man didn't ..................................................
2/ She is very old so she can't dance beautifully.  She is too .........................................................
3/ Your writing is so small that I can't read it.  Your writing .....................................................
4/ To learn English is easy.  It is .................................................................................................
5 / They think speaking French is difficult.  They think ..............................................................
6/ It isn't easy to start looking for a job at his age.  Starting .........................................................
7 / He is very old, so he can't apply for that job.  He is too..........................................................
8 / They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them.  They ran too .....................................................
9 / She spoke too quickly for me to understand.  She didn't ..........................................................
10 / Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday.  Mrs Hoa wasn't ......................................
11/ It is too cold, so we can't go out.  It is ..............................................................................
12/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy.  The piano was ............................
13 / Mrs Hoa was the last person who came to visit him.  Mrs Hoa........................................
11/ §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ ®øng sau ®éng tõ to be
Eg : His ambition is to become a director.
( Tham väng cña «ng Êy lµ trë thµnh gi¸m ®èc)
12/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ-
- agree ®ång ý - regret tiÕc ph¶i lµm g×
- arrange s¾p xÕp - try cè g¾ng
- attempt cè g¾ng - decide quyÕt ®Þnh
- fail thÊt b¹i - offer ®Ò nghÞ
- neglect l¬ lµ - want
- threaten ®e däa - seem cã vÎ, d-êng nh-
- plan lËp kÕ ho¹ch - promise høa
- manage xoay së - expect mong chê
- refuse tõ chèi - hope hy väng
- remember nhí ph¶i lµm g× - need cÇn
Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man.
- I'll arrange to meet her.
- They decided to move to Ha Noi.
- Tom failed to catch the train.
- I hope to see you again.
 32

-They offer to do the shopping for us.

- I managed to get out of the car.
- She promised to wait for him.
- The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bän b¾t cãc däa giÕt ®øa
bÐ nÕu bè mÑ cËu b¸o c¶nh s¸t)
13/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ
- advise sb to do sth khuyªn
- encourage khuyÕn khÝch
- allow cho phÐp
- permit cho phÐp
- remind nh¾c
- warn sb not to do sth c¶nh b¸o ai ®õng lµm g×
- tell sb to do / not to do sth b¶o ai lµm g× / kh«ng lµm g×
- order ra lÖnh
- persuade thuyÕt phôc
- invite mêi
- want
- force b¾t buéc
- ask yªu cÇu
- help
Eg : - The doctor advised me to do morning exercise.
- I remind Minh to bring the umbrella.
- They allow their children to watch TV in the evening.
- My family encouraged me to apply for the job.
14/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ kh«ng "to"
- make sb do sth ( B¾t ai lµm g× )
- let sb do sth
- hear sb do sth
- watch sb do sth
- see sb do sth
- have sb do sth = get sb to do sth (nhê ai lµm g×)
Eg : - Our father made us work hard.
- Don't let him go out too much.
- I had my neighbour repair my bike. = I got my neighbour to repair my bike.
- Someone saw him steal the car.
15. Nh÷ng côm tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ
- to be about to do sth ( s¾p söa lµm g×)
- to be able to do sth ( cã kh¶ n¨ng lµm g×)
- do / try one's best to do sth ( cè g¾ng hÕt søc lµm g×)
Eg : - I was about to leave when it started to rain.
- Try your best !
 33

- She hasn't been able to find a job yet.

( C« ta vÉn ch-a thÓ t×m ®-îc c«ng viÖc)
16. §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ dïng sau but , except (trõ, ngo¹i trõ)
Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.
- She does nothing but complain. ( C« ta ch¼ng lµm g× ngoµi viÖc kªu ca.)
17. S + V + noun + to do sth
Eg : - He didn't have a chance to explain.
- We have a lot of work to do.
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ "You'd better do morning exercise, Minh", said I.
 I advised ......................................................................................................................................
2/ "I won't lend you any more money !", she said to me.
 She refused....................................................................................................................................
3/ "Don't hurry !", my mother said to me.
 My mother told...............................................................................................................................
4/ "Don't go too near the elephant !", his father said to him.
 His father warned him ..................................................................................................................
5/ "Keep silent !', the teacher said to his pupils.
 The teacher ordered .....................................................................................................................
6/ "I think you'd better not go to work for a few days, Cathy".
 I advised .......................................................................................................................................
7/ Finding a good job nowadays is difficult.
 It's .................................................................................................................................................
8/ Lying in the sun is pleasant.
 It's ................................................................................................................................................
9/ "Please don't tell anyone what happened.", Ann said to me.
 Ann told me ..................................................................................................................................
10/ "You'd better not lend her any money, John", said Jack.
 Jack advised .................................................................................................................................
11/ " I won't let anyone know your address", she said to me.
 She promised .............................................................................................................................
12/ "Don't forget to order the supplies I need". My boss reminded me.
 My boss reminded me................................................................................................................................
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1/ Try to avoid (make) him angry.
2/ Stop (argue) and start (work).
3/ It's no use (cry) over spilt milk.
4/ I suggest (hold) another meeting.
5/ He finished (speak) and sat down.
 34

6/ It's difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks.

7/ He warned her (not touch) the wire.
8/ I want the boys (grow) up hating violence.
9/ We are looking forward to (read) your new book.
10/ I advise him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
11/ After (read) this article you will give up (smoke).
12/ Is there anything here worth (read) ?
13/ She promises (wait) for me.
14/ Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else ?
15/ I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead?
16/ He taught me how (light) a fire without matches.
17/ By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time.
18/ The sea was too rough for the children (swim).
20/ He tried (explain) but she refused (listen).
21/ I get tired of (stay) at home for my wife keeps (shout) at me all day.
22/ I can't help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught.
23/ His doctor advised him (take) up (jog).
24/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.
25/ People used to (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.
26/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal.
28/ He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
32/ They try their best (make) us (buy) the things we don't need.
33/ We object to his (go) out.
36/ He was about (leave) when she came.
46/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
47/ Carol had no difficulty in (make) friends.
48/ When she heard the bad news, she burst out (cry).
49/ They left early in order to avoid (get) caught in the traffic.
50/ We don't want anybody (know) that we are here.
51/ I'm tired of my neighbours (play) their records at full volume at night.
52/ Sam was reluctant, but we finally got him (play) his guitar for us.
53/ My roommate's handwriting is very bad, so he had me (type) his paper for him last night.
54/ (Eat) in restaurant as often as they do is very expensive.
55/ Marone needs (find) another job. Her present company is going out of business.
56/ Joan is considering (move) to London.
57/ I hope (write) my autobiography before I die.
58/ Joy thanked us for (invite) them to dinner.
59/ You should plan (arrive) at the stadium early.
60/ My lawyer advised me (not say) anything further about the accident.
61/ When the university suggested (raise) the tuition again, the student senate protested vigorously.
62/ Are we permitted (bring) the guests to the ceremony ?
 35

63/ The city agreed (accept) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage.
64/ She's so impatient ! She can't stand (wait) in line for anything.
65/ Ms Thompson is always willing to help, but she doesn't want anyone (call) her at home unless there is an
emergency.
66/ I made my son (wash) the window before he could go outside to play with his friends.
67/ It is always interesting (observe) people in airports while you're waiting for a flight.
Gerund and infinitive instructions
1. Try
a.Try to do sth ( Cè g¾ng lµm gi)
Eg : - You should try to work hard.
b. Try doing sth ( thö lµm g×)
Eg : - I decided to try playing hockey. ( T«i quyÕt ®Þnh thö ch¬i m«n hockey )
2. Allow
a. Allow sb to do sth ( Cho phÐp ai lµm g×)
Eg : - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening. ( Hä cho phÐp con cña hä xem phim vµo buæi
tèi)
b. Allow doing sth ( Cho phÐp lµm g×)
Eg : - They don't allow smoking here. ( Hä kh«ng cho phÐp hót thuèc ë ®©y)
3. Stop
a. Stop doing sth ( Dõng lµm g×)
Eg : - They stopped playing football when it rained. ( Hä ngõng ch¬i bãng khi trêi m-a)
b. Stop to do sth ( Dõng l¹i ®Ó lµm mét viÖc g× kh¸c)
Eg : - They felt tired. They decided to stop to have some drinks. (Hä c¶m thÊy mÖt. Hä quyÕt ®Þnh dõng l¹i
®Ó uèng chót g× ®ã)
4. Regret
a. Regret to do sth ( LÊy lµm tiÕc khi ph¶i lµm g×)
Eg : - I regret to tell / inform you that ....
say that (T«i lÊy lµm tiÕc khi ph¶i nãi / th«ng b¸o r»ng ....)
b. Regret doing / not doing sth ( TiÕc ®· lµm / ®· kh«ng lµm g×)
Eg : - I regret telling her about that. ( T«i tiÕc ®· nãi víi c« ta vÒ ®iÒu ®ã)
- Mike regretted not working hard before. ( Mike thÊy tiÕc lµ tr-íc ®©y ®· kh«ng häc hµnh ch¨m chØ )
5. Remember
a. Remember to do sth ( Nhí ph¶i lµm g×)
Eg : - I didn't remember to lock the door. ( T«i kh«ng nhí lµ ph¶i khãa cöa)
- He didn't remember to post the letter for me. ( Anh Êy kh«ng nhí göi th- hé t«i)
b. Remember doing sth ( Nhí r»ng ®· lµm mét viÖc g× råi)
Eg : - We remember lending Mr Ba the book. ( Chóng t«i nhí lµ ®· cho «ng Ba m-în s¸ch)
- I remember his telling me about it. ( T«i nhí lµ h¾n ®· kÓ cho t«i vÒ chuyÖn ®ã )
6. Forget
a. Forget to do sth ( Quªn ph¶i lµm g×)
 36

Eg : - She forgot to write to me. ( C« ta quªn viÕt th- cho t«i) = She didn't remember to write to me. ( C« ta
kh«ng nhí viÕt th- cho t«i)
- He forgot to do his homework.( Nã quªn lµm bµi tËp)
b. Forget doing sth ( quªn r»ng ®· lµm viÖc g× råi)
Eg : - I'll never forget meeting the Queen. ( T«i sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn chuyÖn ®· gÆp N÷ hoµng)
Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1/ "You remembered to phone Mai, didn't you ?"  You didn't ..................................................
2/ When I was running to the stadium, I met Lan. Running ......................................................
3/ My mother went to bed early because she felt tired.  Feeling ................................................
4/ After we left the party, we went straight to the theatre.  After ..............................................
5/ They decided to go home because they had seen that film before.  Having ...........................
6/ She left the restaurant. She didn't pay the bill.  She left the restaurant without .....................
7/ Before he lent me the money, my brother had sold his bike.  Before ......................................
8/ I'm sorry now that I didn't go to university.  I regret .................................................................
9/ "Don't leave the room !", my father said.  My father told me ................................................
Exercise 2 : Cho d¹ng ®óng cña ®éng tõ trong ngoÆc
1/ Don't forget (lock) the door before (leave).
2/ I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused.
3/ I tried (persuade) him (agree) with my proposal.
4/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room.
Mrs Smiths : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all.
5/ Oh ! I can feel something (crawl) up my leg. It must be an insect.
6/ I'll never forget (meet) her in Ha Long Bay.
7/ He was about (leave) when she came.
8/ When I saw him, he was busy (talk) with his girlfriend.
9/ (See) this film before, I turned off the TV.
10/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ?
- Yes, I do. I posted it in the letter box near my gate.
11/ Did you remember (lock) the door ?
- No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and do it now.
12/ I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him 2 dollards.
13/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press.
14/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village.
15/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate.
16/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
Exercise for Revision
1/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio.
2/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ?
3/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset.
4/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital.
 37

5/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00.

6/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April.
7/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner.
8/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ?
9/ Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day. They don't have to walk home.
Ph©n tõ hiÖn t¹i (Present Participles)
1. Form : V-ing : working , driving ......
2. The use
* Lµm tr¹ng ng÷ trong c©u
Eg : - Driving along the road I saw an accident. = When I was driving along the road I saw an accident. ( T«i
thÊy mét vô tai n¹n khi t«i ®ang l¸i xe trªn ®-êng. )
- Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight. = As he feared that the police
would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.
(Sî r»ng c¶nh s¸t sÏ nhËn ra cho nªn h¾n kh«ng bao giê ®i ra ngoµi vµo ban ngµy)
* NÕu muèn nhÊn m¹nh hµnh ®éng tr-íc diÔn ra xong råi míi ®Õn hµnh ®éng thø 2 ta dïng d¹ng "Having
done"
Eg : - Having written the letter, I went to post it. = When I had written the letter, I went to post it.
( Khi ®· viÕt xong th-, t«i mang ®i göi)
* §-îc sö dông trong mÉu c©u:
- waste time doing sth ( l·ng phÝ thêi gian lµm g×)
- spend time doing sth (dïng thêi gian lµm g×)
- see sb doing ( Nh×n thÊy ai ®ang lµm g×)
- watch sb doing ( Quan s¸t ai ®ang lµm g×)
- keep ( B¾t, gi÷ ai lµm g×)
- catch ( B¾t gÆp ai ®ang lµm g×)
- find ( Ph¸t hiÖn thÊy ai ®ang lµm g×)
- feel sth/ sb doing (C¶m thÊy c¸i g× ®ang diÔn ra/ ai ®ang lµm g×)
- leave sb doing sth (®Ó cho ai lµm g×)
- to be busy doing sth (m¶i mª lµm g×)
- go shopping, swimming, hunting, fishing ....
Eg : - Don't waste time playing video games.
- We caught a child climbing over the wall.
- I saw an old man coming into that house.
- Don't keep her waiting !
- Mr Whithe wastes time going to the pub.
- My father spent 2 years working in Hue.
- They found someone lying under the bed.
- Do you want to go dancing this afternoon ?
 38

Chuyên đề 4: So…..that AND Such….that

So ..... that - Such .... that
( Qu¸ ... ®Õn nçi mµ)
1. So ... that
a. So + adj + that +clause
Eg : - The weather is so nice that we want to go out. ( Thêi tiÕt ®Ñp ®Õn nçi mµ chóng t«i muèn ®i ch¬i)
b. So + adv + that +clause
Eg : He ran so fast that nobody could catch him. ( Anh ta ch¹y nhanh ®Õn nçi mµ kh«ng ai cã thÓ b¾t ®-îc
anh ta)
= He ran too fast for anyone to catch. ( Anh ta ch¹y qu¸ nhanh ®Ó mäi ng-êi cã thÓ b¾t ®-îc)
- She was speaking so fast that we could not understand her. ( C« ta nãi qu¸ nhanh ®Õn nçi mµ chóng t«i
kh«ng thÓ hiÓu ®-îc)
She was speaking too fast for us to understand. ( C« ta nãi qu¸ nhanh ®Ó chóng t«i hiÓu)
c. So + much / little + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc + that + clause
many /few + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc
Eg: - The Browns had so many children that they formed their own football team.
- He has so much money that he can buy all the houses in this area.
2. Such ...that
* Such + (a/an) + adj + noun + that +mÖnh ®Ò
Eg : - It is such nice weather that we want to go out. = The weather is so nice that we want to go out.
- Nam is so kind that everyone loves him. = Nam is such a kind man that everyone loves him.
Exercise I : Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B, C vµ D
1/ I was ............. terrified to move.
A. enough B. very C. too D. so
2/ She was ........... a good dancer that she won the prize.
A. so B. such C. too D. very
3/ He was not fast ........ to win the race.
A. so B. too C.enough D. such
4/ Lan is ..... rich that she can travel anywhere she likes.
A. so B.too C. very D. enough
Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either so or such.
1. Charlie's ___________ a nice boy.
2. The sun was out and the birds were singing. It was ___________ a beautiful day in May.
3. The movie Shrek is ___________ good it's unbelievable.
4. It was ___________ a shame you couldn't come to Laura's party.
5. The ending of the film The Mission was ___________ sad I couldn't help crying.
6. Try the cake. It's ___________ delicious.
7. I really want you to meet Andy. He's ___________ a funny guy.
8. My internet connection is ___________ slow it's unbearable.
9. The La Latina part of Madrid is ___________ exciting. You have to go there.
 39

10. Thailand is ___________ a beautiful country.

11. The Thais are so polite. It makes ___________ a change from rude Europeans.
12. The summer of 2003 in Spain was ___________ hot. I mean really terrible.
13. Petrol and car insurance are _______ expensive that you are better off using public transport.
14. It was ___________ a relief to finally finish all my exams.
15. Moving my website to another server was ___________ a pain.
16. That restaurant makes ___________ good pizza. You have to go.
17. There were ___________ many people at the concert that we couldn't get seats.
18. They make ___________ good goats' cheese in Castilla La Mancha.
19. She talks ___________ much it's exhausting.
20. I met ___________ many nice people in Had Yai in southern Thailand
Exercise II : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1 / Nam is such a lazy student that no one wants to help him.  Nam is so ...................................
2/ The journey was so long that all of them got tired.  It was .........................................................
3/ The man spoke too fast for us to understand.  The man spoke..................................................
4/ They ran too fast, so we couldn't catch them.  They ran so ......................................................
5/ He couldn't move the piano because it was too heavy.  The piano was so...............................
6/ It is too cold, so we can't go out.  It is ................................................................................
7/ She spoke too quickly for me to understand.  She spoke so .....................................................
8/ Mrs Hoa was too weak to go to work yesterday.  Mrs Hoa was so .........................................

Chuyên đề 5: Modals
Modals (§éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu)
I/ Can
1. Form
*S + can + V
*S + can't + V
* Can + S + V?
2. The use
* ChØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã biÕt lµm g× ë hiÖn t¹i
Eg : - I can swim but I can't sew.
- Can you speak English ?
- Yes, I can / No, I can't
* Dïng trong lêi yªu cÇu ai lµm g×
Eg : - Can you get me the pen ?
- Yes, certainly / Sorry, I can't
*Dïng trong lêi xin phÐp lµm g×
Eg : - Can I have some more coffee ? ( T«i cã thÓ xin chót cµ phª n÷a ®-î chø ?)
II/ Could
 40

1. Form
*S + Could + V
*S + couldn't + V
* Could + S + V?
2. The use
*ChØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã biÕt lµm g× trong qu¸ khø
Eg : - I could swim when I was 10.
* Dïng trong lêi yªu cÇu lÞch sù
Eg : - Could you tell me the way to the bank please ? ( Nhê «ng chØ gióp ®-êng tíi ng©n hµng)
* §-îc dïng khi muèn xin phÐp lµm g×
Eg : - Could I speak to Mr Baker ? (T«i cã thÓ nãi chuyÖn víi «ng Baker ®-îc kh«ng ?)
* So s¸nh gi÷a could vµ was/were able to (cã thÓ)
- Could ®Ó chØ kh¶ n¨ng nãi chung
- was / were able to ®Ó chØ kh¶ n¨ng ai ®ã lµm mét viÖc g× trong mét t×nh huèng cô thÓ.
Eg : - He could swim when he was 10.
- His house got fire yesterday. Luckily, he was able to get out of it.
( H«m qua nhµ «ng Êy bÞ ch¸y. RÊt may lµ «ng ta ®· tho¸t ra ®-îc)
III/ Must
1. Form
*S + must + V
*S + mustn't + V
* Must + S + V?
2. The use
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i
Eg : - He's been walking for two hours. He must be very tired.( Anh ta ®· ®i bé suèt 2 tiÕng ®ång hå. Ch¾c
h¼n anh ta rÊt mÖt)
* DiÔn t¶ mét nghÜa vô, ®iÒu cÇn thiÕt ph¶i lµm.
Eg : - You must work hard. ( Anh ph¶i lµm viÖc ch¨m)
* So s¸nh gi÷a must vµ have to (ph¶i)
- Have to cã thÓ ®-îc dïng ë hiÖn t¹i, qu¸ khø hoÆc t-¬ng lai.
Eg : - I have to clean the door now.
- We had to go to Hai Phong yesterday.
- You 'll have to come here early tomorrow.
- Must kh«ng ®-îc dïng ë qu¸ khø. Dïng had to thay must trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - You must go to London now / tomorrow.
- He had to go to London yesterday.
- Mustn't do sth : Kh«ng ®-îc phÐp lµm g×
- Not have to do sth : Kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm g×
Eg : - You mustn't smoke here. (C¸c anh kh«ng ®-îc hót thuèc ë ®©y)
- You don't have to do this. (Anh kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm viÖc nµy)
 41

IV/ May ( Cã lÏ)

1. Form
*S + may +V
*S + mayn't (may not) + V
* May + S +V?
2. The use
* Dïng ®Ó ®-a ra pháng ®o¸n
Eg : - He may be in his room now. ( Cã lÏ anh Êy ®ang ë trong phßng)
= Perhaps he is in his room now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- She may be watching TV now. ( Cã lÏ c« Êy ®ang xem ti vi)
= Perhaps she is watching TV now.
Maybe
It's possible that
- He may go to London tomorrow. ( Ngµy mai cã thÓ nã sÏ ®i London)
= Perhaps he will go to London tomorrow.
Maybe
* Dïng trong c©u xin phÐp
Eg : - May I sit here ?
* Dïng trong lêi ®Ò nghÞ
Eg : - May I do this for you ?
V/ Might
1. Form :
*S + might + V
*S + mightn't (might not) + V
* Might + S + V ?
2. The use
Gièng nh- c¸ch sö dông cña May
VI/ Should ( Nªn)
1. Form
*S + should + V
*S + shouldn't ( should not) + V
* Should + S + V?
2. The use
* Dïng trong lêi khuyªn
Eg : - You should drink milk.
- You shouldn't smoke.
VII/ Ought to = Should
1. Form
 42

*S + ought to +V
*S + oughtn't to +V
* Ought + S + to + V?
2. The use
* C¸ch dïng gièng nh- should
VIII/ Need (CÇn)
1. Form
*S + need + V
*S + needn't + V
* Need + S + V?
2. The use
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cÇn thiÕt ph¶i lµm
Eg : - Need I go ? ( T«i cã cÇn ph¶i ®i kh«ng ? )
- Yes, you must / No, you needn't
- You needn't go
Notes : Khi need lµ ®éng tõ khuyÕt thiÕu, nã th-êng ®-îc dïng víi c©u hái vµ c©u phñ ®Þnh.
- Need cã thÓ ®-îc dïng nh- ®éng tõ th-êng. Sau need lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ (to-infinitive)
Eg : - Do I need to go ?
- You don't need to go.
- She needs to go.
* C¸ch sö dông ®Æc biÖt cña need
sth needs doing / to be done ( C¸i g× ®ã cÇn ®-îc lµm)
Eg : - Your hair needs cutting / to be cut.
Exercise I : H·y chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A.B,C hoÆc D
1/ Mary can ......................... to the meeting.
A. come B. to come C. coming D.come
2/ Jack should ....................... harder.
A. studies B. to study C. study D. studying
3/ The whole team must ...... together to win the game.
A. worked B. to work C. work D. working
4/ To stay alive, people ................... breathe oxygen.
A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to
5/ My room is a mess, but I .............. clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. have to
6/ You ............... open the door while he's there because the light will ruin the picture.
A. must/have to B. must not C. don't have to D. needn' t to
7/ John has been working for 5 hours. He ......... be very tired.
A. can B. may C.must D. should
8/ ....... you please be quiet ? I'm trying to concentrate.
A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should
 43

9/ .......... I carry the bag for you ?

A. Shall B. Do C. Will D. Should
10/ Thanks for lending me the money. I ......... pay you back on Friday.
A. can B. may C. will D. should
11/ ........ we go on a picnic next Sunday ?
A. Will B. Shall C. Do D. Should
12/ My granfather was a very clever man. He .......... speak 5 languages.
A. could B. can C. may D. must
13/ The phone is ringing. It .......... be Tom.
A. may/might B. must C. should D. will
14/ - My salary is very low.
- You ........... look for another job.
A.shall B.may C.will D. should
15/ .......... I have these postcards please ?
A.Can B.Do C. Will D. Should
16/ ..... you like to come to dinner tomorrow evening ?
A.Do B.Will C..Can D. Would
17/ ......... you tell me how to get to the post-office please ?
A.Do B.Could C.Have D. May
18/ To be successful mountain climber, you ......... have a great deal of stamina.
A. must/ have to B. must not C. don't have to
Exercise 2: Fill the gaps with either don't have to or mustn't in the correct form.

1 Sally! You ___________ say rude words like that!

2 Tommy! You ___________ pick your nose in class. It's really disgusting.

3 You ___________ finish the exercise now. You can finish it at home.

4 James ___________ go to church if he doesn't want to.

5 You ___________ drive so aggressively. You'll end up killing someone.

6 Helen ___________ make racist comments. It makes her seem really ignorant.

7 David ___________ answer your emails. There's no law about it.

8 It's OK. You ___________ pay now. You can pay me at the end of the month.

9 You ___________ stay out so late without ringing me. I was worried sick.

10 You ___________ let the cats sleep on my clean shirts. Look. They're covered in hairs.

11 You ___________ have lunch with my parents. I'm not forcing you.
 44

12 I ___________ forget to phone Granny. It's her birthday tomorrow.

Exercise 3: Fill the gaps with need, needn't or should.

1 Remember you ___________ to take a torch and a tin-opener when you go camping.

2 You ___________ go to the shop. I've already bought the milk.

3 You ___________ say sorry to your teacher for being late. It's only polite.

4 You ___________ bother washing up. I'll do it in the morning.

5 She ___________ go to church if she doesn't want to. It's not obligatory.

6 If you want to pass all your exams, you ___________ to make a good study plan.

7 If there's anything you ___________ , let me know.

8 You ___________ go and see Granny. You know how happy it makes her.

9 Cheese and biscuits ___________ to be kept in tupperware containers; otherwise the cheese goes
hard and the biscuits go soft.

10 You ___________ pay now. You can pay me next week.

11 Clare and Simon ___________ bring their car. There's plenty of room for them in ours.

12 Families ___________ spend more time talking, instead of just watching the telly.

Modals + Perfect Infinitive

1. Must have done
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø
Eg : - There was a big explosion some minutes ago. You must have heard it.
( C¸ch ®©y vµi phót cã tiÕng næ lín. Ch¾c h¼n cËu ®· nghe thÊy)
- He got a bad mark yesterday. He must have been sad.
( H«m qua anh ta bÞ ®iÓm kÐm. Ch¾n ch¾n lµ anh ta rÊt buån )
2. Can't/ Couldn't have done
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu ch¾c ch¾n ®· kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - Mr Smith was in Paris yesterday. So he can't have stolen your car.
= Surely, he didn't steal your car.
- ¤ng Smith ë Paris h«m qua cho nªn ch¾c ch¾n «ng ta kh«ng thÓ lÊy c¾p chiÕc xe cña «ng ®-îc.
3. May/ Might have done
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cã lÏ ®· x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - I can't find my sunglasses at home. I may have left them at my friend's . = Perhaps, I left them at
my friend's . ( T«i kh«ng thÓ t×m thÊy kÝnh. Cã lÏ t«i ®· ®Ó quªn ë nhµ b¹n t«i)
 45

4. May/ Might not have done

* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu cã lÏ ®· kh«ng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - His wife was not happy this morning. He might not have bought her the dress she loved.
( Vî «ng ta s¸ng nay kh«ng vui. Cã lÏ «ng ta ®· kh«ng mua cho bµ ta c¸i v¸y mµ bµ Êy thÝch)
= Perhaps, he didn't buy her the dress she loved.
5. Should have done = Ought to have done
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu lÏ ra ®· nªn lµm trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - I didn't go to the cinema last night. The film was very interesting. I should have gone to see it. ( H«m
qua t«i kh«ng ®i xem phim. Bé phim rÊt hay. LÏ ra t«i nªn ®i xem th× h¬n)
6. Shouldn't have done / Oughtn't to have done
Eg 1 : - Why didn't you visit your uncle yesterday ? He wanted to see you. You shouln't have stayed at
home. ( T¹i sao h«m qua cËu kh«ng ®i th¨m b¸c ? B¸c Êy muèn gÆp cËu. LÏ ra cËu ®· kh«ng nªn ë nhµ)
Eg 2 : - Oh, I feel tired.( T«i c¶m thÊy mÖt)
- You shouldn't have eaten so much.
( CËu lÏ ra ®· kh«ng nªn ¨n qu¸ nhiÒu)
7. Needn't have done
* DiÔn t¶ ®iÒu lÏ ra ®· kh«ng cÇn ph¶i lµm trong qu¸ khø.
Eg : - I've bought you a hat. ( Anh mua cho em c¸i mò)
- Oh, you needn't have done that. My father has just bought one for me. (LÏ ra anh kh«ng cÇn ph¶i mua.
Bè em ®· mua cho em råi)

Exercise I : H·y chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A.B,C hoÆc D

1/ Ali painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He ............ a different colour.
a. had to choose b. should have chosen c. must have chosen d. could have been choosing
2. When Mr. Lee was younger, he ......... work in the garden for hours, but now he has to take frequent rests
because he has emphysema.
a. has got to b. can c. could d. should be able
3. Yesterday I ........ to a furniture store. I bought a new lamp there.
a. could go b. went c. could have gone d. ought to have gone
4. Jimmy and Marie were mischievous children. They ....... . tricks on their teachers, which always got them
into a lot of trouble.
a. could play b. used to play c. could have played d. may have played
5. - Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing ?
-She .......... that crime because I was with her, and we were out of town on that day.
a. may not have committed b. couldn't have committed c. commited d. wasn't supposed to commit
6. Since we have to be there in a hurry, we ...... take a taxi.
a. should b. may c. are able to d. have been used to
7. - It ........ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella ?
- That's a good idea. May I borrow yours ?
a. had better b. could be c. might d. must
 46

8/ - ...... you hand me that pair of scissors, please ?

- Certainly.
a. May b. Shall c. Will d. Should
9/ - Larry drove all night to get here for his sister's wedding. He ..... exhausted by the time he arrived.
- He was.
a. ought to be b. could be c. must have been d. will have been
10/ - You haven't eaten anything since yesterday afternoon. You........... be really hungry !
- I am.
a. might b. will c. can d. must
11/ - I left a cookie on the table, but now it's gone. What happened to it ?
- I don't know. One of the children ................. it.
a. had to eat b. should have eaten c. may have eaten d. could eat
12/ - What does Mr. Green do for a living ?
- Nothing. He's very rich. He ..... work for a living.
a. must not b. shouldn't c. doesn't have to d. hadn't better
13/ - Why are you so late ?
- I ............... my aunt to the airport, The traffic was very terrible.
a. could take b. should take c. had to take d. must have taken
14/ - They towed my car away from the executive parkinglot yesterday.
- You ............... have parked there.
a. may not b. should not c. must not d. might not
15/ - I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do.
- You .......... your roommate.
a. should have called b. would have called c. may have called d. must have called
16/ - Barbara just told me that she can't go to the meeting tonight.
- She ......... go ! We need her there for the financial report.
a. has to b. have to c. must be d. needs
17/ - I need some help with this table. ............ you lift the other end, please ?
a. May b. Could c. Should d. Shall
Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following sentences.
1/ It isn't necessary to shout.  You ............................................................................................
2/ It wasn't necessary for them to call for help after all.  They .................................................
3/ There was no need for you to have gone to all that trouble.  You ..........................................
4/ You house needs to be redecorated.  Your house....................................................................
5/ It's possible that he didn't get my letter.  He might .................................................................
6/ You needn't have bought it for me.  It wasn't ...........................................................................
7/ I'm absolutely sure that they didn't go out in that weather.
 They can't..................................................................................
8/ "Why didn't you tell me about it yesterday ?"  You should ....................................................
9/ I'm sure she didn't do it on purpose.  She can't..................................................................
 47

10/ It's possible that your car was stolen.  Your car ................................................................
11/ Perhaps Lan went to London.  Lan might.......................................................................
12/ It's a pity that you didn't go to see that film at the cinema last night.
 You should ..................................................................................................................................
13/ "It was very careless of you to let the door open last night"
 You shouldn't...............................................................................................................................
14/ Perhaps Manh is repairing his bike now.  Manh may........................................................
15/ Perhaps they have two big houses in the suburb.  They ........................................................
16/ You ought to have reminded me about the meeting yesterday.
 Why didn't ...................................................................................................................................
Chuyên đề 6: Passive voice
Passive ( C©u bÞ ®éng)
I/ Form : To be + P II
II/ Mét sè vÝ dô ®æi tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang bÞ ®éng
Chñ ®éng BÞ ®éng
- Some one takes her to school every week. - She is taken to school everyday.
- Some one is taking her to school now. - She is being taken to school now.
- Someone has just taken her to school. - She has just been taken to school.
- Some one took her to school yesterday. - She was taken to school.
- Someone was taking her to school at this time - She was being taken to school at this time
yesterday. yesterday.

- Someone had taken her to school before I got to - She had been taken to school before I got to her
her house. house.
- Someone will take her to school soon. - She will be taken to school soon.
- Someone should take her to school. - She should be taken to school.
- Someone must take her to school. - She must be taken to school.
- Someone has to take her to school. - She has to be taken to school.
- Someone used to take her to school when she was - She used to be taken to school when she was
young. young.

- Someone will continue to take her to school. - She will continue to be taken to school
- Someone is going to take her to school. - She is going to be taken to school.
- Someone should have taken her to school. - She should have been taken to school.
- We want someone to take her to school. - We want her to be taken to school.
- She likes someone taking her to school. - She likes being taken to school.
- She likes people to help her. - She likes to be helped.

III/ Mét sè chó ý khi ®æi tõ c©u chñ ®éng sang c©u bÞ ®éng
 48

- ChuyÓn t©n ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng thµnh chñ ng÷ cña c©u bÞ ®éng.
- Trî ®éng tõ to be trong c©u bÞ ®éng ®-îc chia theo ng«i, vµ chia theo thêi cña c©u chñ ®éng.
- Khi chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng cã tÝnh chÊt chung chung , kh«ng râ rµng ( someone, people, they ....) th× khi
chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ ®éng ta kh«ng dïng giíi tõ by.
- Khi chñ ng÷ cña c©u chñ ®éng râ rµng, ®-îc nhÊn m¹nh ( My father, Mr Pike ...) th× khi chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ
®éng ta ph¶i dïng giíi tõ by.
Eg: - They built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990.
- My father built this house in 1990. = This house was built in 1990 by my father.
Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1/ They are building a new bridge at the moment.  A new bridge ................................................
2/ Somebody has taken away some of my books.  Some of my books ......................................
3/ The chief engineer was instructing all the workers how to use the machines. All the workers
4/ They can't make tea with cold water.  Tea ...............................................................................
5/ They will hold the meeting before May Day.  The meeting ....................................................
6/ They have to repair the engine of the car.  The engine ...........................................................
7/ People spend a lot of money on advertising every year. A lot ...................................................
8/ The boys broke the windows and took away some pictures.  The window ..............................
9/ They may use this room for the classroom.  This room.............................................................
10/ Our teacher is going to tell a story.  A story ..........................................................................
11/ Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.  The cake .........................................................
12/ The children looked at the woman with a red hat.  The woman..............................................
13/ You mustn't use this machine after 5.30.  This machine .......................................................
14/ Luckily for me, they didn't call my name.  Luckily for me,.................................................
15/ I knew that they had told him of the meeting.  I knew ...........................................................
16/ Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.  I ...............................................................
17/ Do they teach English here ?  Is ..............................................................................................
18/ Did your teacher give you some exercises ?  Were ...............................................................
19/ Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?  Has ......................................................
20/ Will the buses bring the children home ?  Will ......................................................................
21/ How can they open this safe ?  How .......................................................................................
22/ Why didn't they help him ?  Why ..........................................................................................
23/ What books are people reading this year ?  What books .......................................................
24/ Someone should look into the matter.  The matter ................................................................
25/ The police advise drivers to use an alternative rout.  Drivers ................................................
26/ The bank manager kept me waiting for half an hour.  I ..........................................................
27/ He wants someone to take some photographs.  He wants .....................................................
28/ He likes people to call him "sir".  He likes ...........................................................................
29/ She hates people looking at her.  She ....................................................................................
 49

30/ I don't like people making fun of me.  I ..................................................................................

IV/ Mét sè tr-êng hîp ®æi ®Æc biÖt
1. C©u cã 2 t©n ng÷
- My father gave an English book to me. = I was given an English book by my father.
= An English book was given to me by my father.
2. C©u cã 2 c¸ch ®æi
C¸c ®éng tõ sau ®-îc sö dông trong lo¹i c©u nµy nh- : say, think, know, believe, report ( th«ng b¸o, b¸o c¸o),
consider ( cho r»ng ), acknowledge ( thõa nhËn) ...
Eg1 : - They say that Mr Pike works in a big company.
C¸ch 1 : - It is said that Mr Pike works in a big company.
C¸ch 2 : - Mr Pike is said to work in a big company. ( Ng-êi ta nãi ¤ng Pike lµm viÖc cho mét c«ng ty lín)
Eg2 : - They say that Mr Ron is living abroad now.
C¸ch 1 : - It is said that Mr Ron is living abroad.
C¸ch2 : - Mr Ron is said to be living abroad now. ( ¤ng Ron ®-îc ng-êi ta nãi lµ ®ang sèng ë n-íc ngoµi)
Eg3 : - People believe that Mrs Ha has left her job. ( Mäi ng-êi nghÜ r»ng Bµ Hµ ®· bá viÖc)
C¸ch 1 : - It is thought that Mrs Ha has left her job.
C¸ch 2 : - Mrs Ha is thought to have left her job.
3. They didn't mention any names.( Hä kh«ng nh¾c tíi c¸i tªn nµo c¶)
= No names were mentioned.( Kh«ng cã c¸i tªn nµo ®-îc nh¾c tíi)
4. Who wrote this book ?
= By whom was this book written ? = Whom was this book written by ?
5. My father lets me watch TV in the evening.( Bè t«i ®Ó cho t«i xem TV vµo buæi tèi)
= I am let watch TV in the evening by my mother.
6. Our father made us work hard.( Bè chóng t«i b¾t chóng t«i ph¶i lµm viÖc tÝch cùc)
= We were made to work hard by our father.
7. They saw him come in. ( Hä ®· nh×n thÊy anh ta ®i vµo ) = He was seen to come in.
8. They saw him coming in. ( Hä nh×n thÊy anh ta ®ang ®i vµo)
= He was seen coming in.
9. I remember that my father took me to the zoo last month.
= I remember my father taking me to the zoo last month
( T«i nhí lµ bè t«i ®· ®-a t«i tíi v-ên thó vµo th¸ng tr-íc)
= I remember being taken to the zoo last month by my father.( T«i nhí ®· ®-îc bè ®-a tíi v-ên thó th¸ng
tr-íc )
10. You should know how to drive. ( B¹n cÇn ph¶i biÕt l¸i xe.)
- It is your duty to know how to drive. = You are supposed to know how to drive.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.  Each .........................................................
2/ People believe that number 13 is unlucky number.  Number 13...............................................
3/ People know that English is an international language.  English .............................................
 50

4/ People think that Jack London's life and writings represent the American love of adventures.
 Jack London's life and writings ...............................................................................................
5/ They say that John is the brightest student in the class.  John ...................................................
6/ People think that he has died a natural death.  He .....................................................................
7/ They reported that the troops were coming.  The troops ..........................................................
8/ People say that he left the town some hours ago.  He ...............................................................
9/ People saw Mr Lake steal your car.  Mr Lake ........................................................................
10/ We won't let you do that silly thing again.  You ..............................................................
11/ People here don't make their children work hard.  Their children........................................
12/ You need to have your hair cut.  Your hair ..........................................................................
13/ It's your duty to do this work.  You .......................................................................................
14/ I remember my brother taking me to the park.  I remember ...............................................
15/ They didn't pay me for the work ; they expected me to do it for nothing.  I...........................
16/ You should have taken these books back to the library.  These books ...................................
17/ People consider that she is the best singer that Australia has ever produced.  She .................
18/ They will continue to use it.  It ...........................................................................................
19/ Peter objects to people laughing at him.  Peter .....................................................................
20/ Who wrote this book ?  By ..................................................................................................
21/ There is a rumour that the criminal is living in town.  The criminal ....................................
22/ People saw him climbing over the wall.  He ......................................................................
23/ They offered me a job yesterday.  I ......................................................................................
 A job .........................................................................................................................................
24/ Why did no one inform me of the change of the plan ?  Why wasn't .................................?
25/ Did the idea interest you ?  Were .......................................................................................?
26/ They say that her smile hides a secret.  It ..............................................................................
27/ They said that the company was losing a lot of money.  The company ................................
28/ People think that an apple a day is good for you.  An apple ..................................................
29/ Someone saw them dumping rubbish.  They ........................................................................
Revision 2
I/ Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B , C hoÆc D
1/ ............ I post that letter for you on my way to the post-office ?
A. Do B. Shall C. Would D. Will
3/ She had to do the shopping for her neighbour, ...... she ?
A. didn't B. hadn't C. does D. isn't
5/ At half past ten this morning, I .......... along the motorway.
A. had driven B. was driving C. drove D. had been driving
6/ You ...... talk too loud ! The children are sleeping.
 51

A.mustn't B. don't have to C. needn't D. must

8/ What have you been doing ............. last Sunday, George ?
A. after B. for C. until D. since
10/ The child ....... asleep when he was playing with his toys.
A. fell B. falls C. had fallen D. was falling
II/ ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1/ You're the worst guitarist in the world.
 No one ...........................................................................................................................................
2/ It was a waste of time writing that letter.
 You needn't ..................................................................................................................................
3/ It is acknowledged that Vietnam had a complete control over SARS from a very early stage of the
epidemic.
 Vietnam is ...................................................................................................................................
6/ Ms Quyen began teaching Chinese ten years ago.
 Ms Quyen has .............................................................................................................................
7/ The robber forced the cashier to hand over the money.
 The cashier...................................................................................................................................
10/ Everyone believes that he is dead.
 He ................................................................................................................................................
11/ I can't speak English as well as my mother.
 My mother is ................................................................................................................................
12/ They have been living here for 6 years now.
 They moved to this house .............................................................................................................
13/ How long is it since you saw Mary ?
 When .............................................................................................................................................
14/ It wasn't necessary for you to go into so much trouble on my behalf.
 You...............................................................................................................................................
15/ Why didn't you think of that before ?
 You should ..................................................................................................................................
16/ It's possible that our men got there unsafe.
 Our men might ...........................................................................................................................
17/ We must do something about it.
 Something ....................................................................................................................................
18/ It's the best butter that I've ever eaten.
 I've never ......................................................................................................................................
19/ My legal advisor has told me not to say any more at this time.
 I have ............................................................................................................................................
20/ Everyone knows that eating fruit is good for your health.
 Eating fruit ...................................................................................................................................
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21/ People say that the late Mr John was difficult to work with.
 The late .......................................................................................................................................
22/ The Chinese are believed to have invented the gunpowder.
 It is ...........................................................................................................................................
23/ It is thought that the two injured men were repairing high-tension cables.
 The two .......................................................................................................................................
24/ Everyone wished they had listened more carefully to the lecture.
 Everyone regretted .......................................................................................................................
25/ The discovery of new drug is helping the fight against this disease.
 The fight ......................................................................................................................................
26/ Need we leave so early ?
 Do we ...................................................................................................................................?
27/ I don't believe that you have lost your keys again.
 You can't .....................................................................................................................................
28/ I'm sure you had a good time at the party.
You must ...................................................................................................................................
29/ Perhaps they didn't notice the tire was flat.
 They might ....................................................................................................................................
30/ Why didn't you help your mother when she was ill ?
 You should ........................................
31/ "Helen, would you like to come to lunch on Sunday ?", said Mary.
 Mary invited ...................................................................................................................................
32/ "Don't forget to buy some milk, Andy", said Clare.
 Clare reminded .............................................................................................................................
33/ "Make sure you don't take the A20 in the rush hour, Tim", said Jack.
 Jack warned .................................................................................................................................
34/ "Me ? No, I didn't take Sue's calculator," said Bob.
 Bob denied .....................................................................................................................................
35/ "Why don't you go and see "The Sound of Silence" again, Brian ?", I said.
 I suggested ....................................................................................................................................
36/ He hasn't written to his parents for 2 months now.
 The last time .................................................................................................................................
37/ I've never been to Scotland before.
 This is ...........................................................................................................................................
38/ He started learning French 3 years ago.
 He has ...........................................................................................................................................
39/ We haven't seen Ann for ages.
 It's .................................................................................................................................................
40/ I last saw him when I was a student.
 53

 I .....................................................................................................................................................
41/ She is the most interesting girl I've ever known.
 I 've never ....................................................................................................................................
42/ John speaks Spanish more fluently than I do.
 I can't ............................................................................................................................................
43/ No one in my group dances better than Hoa.
 Hoa is ............................................................................................................................................
44/ I'm not good at English as my sister.
 My sister ...................................................................................................................................
45/ Mr Hai is a slower worker than Mr Chinh.
 Mr Hai.........................................................................................................................................
46/There aren't as many parks in Hanoi as in London.
 There are .....................................................................................................................................
III/ Söa lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau (Mçi c©u cã mét lçi sai)
1/ Thomas started working for that company for twelve years.
2/ It was a great party last night. You should come. Why didn't you ?
3/ You've been travelling all day. You can be very tired.
4/ I don't know where Margaret is now. She may in her office.
5/ Today is Sunday. You mustn't get up early.
6/ Hello ! Do I speak to Tom please ?
7/ Mr Jack is older 2 years than Mr Pike.
8/ If you move quiet, you can see small wild animals in the area.
9/ Competitive cyclists must react calm during tournaments.
IV/ Dïng tõ gîi ý ®Ó viÕt thµnh c©u hoµn chØnh
1/ Jack London / life and writing / think / by many / represent / American / love of adventure//
2/ It / know / she / work / foreign company/ now//
3/ It / 5 years / since / I / visit / home village //
4/ James Watt / Scottish scientist / invent / steam engine / years ago.
5/ When / rain / you / should / not / out//
6/ A lot / work / do / this house / recently.

Chuyên đề 7: Conditional sentences

Conditional ( C©u ®iÒu kiÖn)
I/ C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1
- Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng cã thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t-¬ng lai.
MÉu c©u :
MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
HiÖn t¹i ®¬n will/may/might/can/should ...+ V
MÖnh ®Ò If cã thÓ ®øng tr-íc hoÆc ®øng sau.
 54

Eg : - If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. ( NÕu b¹n häc ch¨m, b¹n sÏ thi ®ç )
- You won't pass the exam if you don't work hard.
*Notes : - Cã thÓ dïng may, might, should .... ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh tïy theo t×nh huèng.
Eg : - If you feel tired, you should go to bed early. (NÕu b¹n c¶m thÊy mÖt, b¹n nªn ®i ngñ)
- Cã thÓ dïng d¹ng thøc mÖnh lÖnh ë mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh.
Eg : - Please tell him to come to my office if you see him.
- H·y b¶o anh ta ®Õn v¨n phßng cña t«i nÕu cËu gÆp anh ta.
- Cã thÓ dïng ®éng tõ thêi hiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh ë mÖnh ®Ò if
Eg : - If you have written your letter, I'll post it. (NÕu cËu viÕt xong th-, tí sÏ göi cho cËu)
- If cã thÓ thay b»ng when:
Eg : - When the school year finishes, I'll visit my grandparents.
( Khi n¨m häc kÕt thóc, tí sÏ ®i th¨m «ng bµ)
Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1/ I (look) for your note book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.
2/ If he (be) late, we (go) without him.
3/ If you (come) late, they (not let ) you in.
4/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time.
5/ Tell him to take his bike inside. If he (leave) it outside, someone (steal) it.
6/ Wait until I (be) ________ ready.

7/ The meeting (start) _______ when everybody arrives.

8/ Let's phone Mandy now before it (be) _______ too

late.
9/ If he (not know) _______ what to do he'll ask his mum.
II/ C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2
- Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i, tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i. §ã lµ t×nh huèng gi¶ ®Þnh.
MÉu c©u :
MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
Qu¸ khø ®¬n would/might/could...+ V
Eg : - Mrs Hoa is too old, so she can't apply for the job. If Mrs Hoa were younger, she would/ could apply
for the job. ( NÕu bµ Hoa trÎ h¬n, bµ Êy sÏ nép ®¬n xin viÖc)
( To be chia lµ were cho tÊt c¶ c¸c ng«i)
- I don't have money now. If I had money, I would/ could/ might buy that house.
(B©y giê t«i kh«ng cã tiÒn. NÕu t«i cã tiÒn, t«i sÏ mua ng«i nhµ ®ã)
- It is raining. I have to stay at home. If it weren't raining, I wouldn't stay at home.

Exercise: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1/ If I (win) a big prize in a lottery, I (give) up my job.
2/ If I (be) sent to prison, you (visit) me ?
3/ I (not drink) that wine if I (be) you.
 55

4/ I (get) a job easily if I (have) a degree.

5/ Of course I'm not going to give her a diamond ring. If I (give) her, she (sell) it.
6/ If we (work ) all night we (finish) in time, but we have no intention of working all night.
7/ Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again. If I (be) Tom, I (get) a new battery.

8/ I'd go to see him more often if I (live) _____ nearer.

9/ If I knew you were right, I (agree) ______ with you.

10/ If I (win) ____________ a lot of money, I would give up my job.

11/ I (buy ) ____________ shares in that company if they were cheaper.

III/ C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3

Lµ lo¹i c©u chØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ trong qu¸ khø.
MÉu c©u :
MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh (had done) would / might/could ... have done
Eg : - The weather was bad yesterday. I had to stay at home. If the weather had been fine yesterday, I would
have gone out. (NÕu h«m qua trêi ®Ñp, cã lÏ t«i ®· ®i ch¬i råi)
- If the weather hadn't been bad, I wouldn't have stayed at home.
- NÕu thêi tiÕt kh«ng xÊu, t«i ®· kh«ng ë nhµ.

Exercise : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1/ I had no maps; that's why I got lost. If I (have) a map I (be) all right.
2/ The job is much worse than I expected. If I (realise) how awful it was going to be I (not accept ) it.
3/ I'm sorry you didn't tell me that dogs were allowed in the hotel; if I (know) I (bring) my dog. He (enjoy)
the walk.
4/ It rained, which spoiled our picnic; but if it (not rain) it (be) a great success.
5/ I didn't recognize him at first because he was wearing dark glasses; if he (not wear) them I (recognize) him
immediately.
6/ - Why didn't you phone me from the village ?
- Because there was no phone in the village. If there (be), of course we (phone) from there.
7/ We had to stand almost all the way. It was all Tom's fault. If he (book) seats, as I told him to, we (have)
quite a comfortable journey.
IV/ C©u ®iÒu kiÖn hçn hîp ( 2 + 3)
Lµ c©u chØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i vµ qu¸ khø.
MÉu c©u :
MÖnh ®Ò if MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
Qu¸ khø hoµn thµnh (had done) would/might/could...+ V
would/might/could ... be + V-ing
Eg :- I ate too much this morning. Now I feel uncomfortable.
- S¸ng nay t«i ¨n qu¸ nhiÒu. B©y giê t«i c¶m thÊy khã chÞu.
- If I hadn't eaten too much this morning, I wouldn't feel uncomfortable now.
 56

- NÕu s¸ng nay t«i kh«ng ¨n nhiÒu th× b©y giê t«i ®· kh«ng c¶m thÊy khã chÞu.
- I'm not having a good time now, because I had an accident yesterday.
- If I hadn't had an accident yesterday, I would be having a good time now.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ I'm having a lot of trouble now because I lost my passport last week.
 If I .................................................................................................................................................
2/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning.
 If Lan ............................................................................................................................................
3/ I'm sick now because I went to the stadium yesterday afternoon.
 If I ..................................................................................................................................................
4/ He didn't learn hard at school; that's why he is unemployed now.
 If he ...............................................................................................................................................
V/Mét sè tr-êng hîp kh¸c
1. Should ®-îc dïng trong c©u lo¹i 1
- If you should see him, please tell him to come to me.
- NÕu cËu nh×n thÊy anh Êy, b¶o anh Êy ®Õn chç t«i.
- If you should see him, please tell him to come to me.
Dïng should khi thÊy kh¶ n¨ng Ýt x¶y ra h¬n.
2. Wish ( ¦íc)
a. ¦íc ®iÒu tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i
S1 + wish + S1 / S2 + did sth / were ....
Eg : - I am old now. I wish I were younger.
- Mr Blake doesn't have a house. He wishes he had a big house.
b. ¦íc ®iÒu tr¸i víi thùc tÕ trong qu¸ khø
Eg : - Last night I went to the cinema. Now I am tired. I wish I hadn't gone to the cinema last night. ( H«m
qua t«i ®· ®i xem phim. B©y giê t«i mÖt. T«i -íc gi¸ h«m qua m×nh ®õng ®i)
- He didn't learn hard at school. He regrets now.
Anh ta ®· kh«ng häc ch¨m chØ khi cßn ë tr-êng. B©y giê anh ta hèi tiÕc.
= - He wishes he had learned hard = He regrets not having learned / learning hard.
Anh ta -íc tr-íc kia ®· häc hµnh ch¨m chØ.
* Notes : - Wish cã thÓ ®-îc dïng nh- ®éng tõ want :
Eg : - I wish to visit my uncle = I want to visit my uncle.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ I'm afraid I haven't got time to listen to you.  I wish ..................................................................
2/ I have to work tomorrow (but I'd like to stay in bed)  I wish .....................................................
3/ What a pity Mai can't come.  I wish ...........................................................................................
4/ My brother regretted not learning Russian before.  My brother wished ....................................
5/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay.  Now I wish ..........................................................................
3. Unless
 57

Th-êng dïng trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1

Eg : - If you don't start at once, you'll be late = You'll be late unless you start at once.
NÕu cËu kh«ng b¾t ®Çu ngay, cËu sÏ bÞ muén. (CËu sÏ bÞ muén trõ khi cËu b¾t ®Çu ngay)
 Unless = If not

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ I'll only help you if you promise to try harder.  Unless ..........................................................
2/ The fire will go out if someone doesn't put some more coal on. - Unless ..................................
3/ If you don't take care of those shoes, they won't last for long. - Unless ..................................
4/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top.  Unless ........................................
5/ If it doesn't stop raining, they will cancel the tournament. - Unless..........................................
6/ The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor.  Unless .........................................................
4. Otherwise ( NÕu kh«ng th×)
Cã thÓ dïng víi c©u lo¹i 1,2 vµ 3
Eg 1 : - You should start at once; otherwise you'll be late.
- Anh nªn b¾t ®Çu ngay, nÕu kh«ng anh sÏ bÞ muén.
Eg 2 : - It is raining now; otherwise I would go out.
- Trêi ®ang m-a, nÕu kh«ng t«i sÏ ®i ch¬i.
Eg 3 :- Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da lat.
- H«m qua t«i èm, nÕu kh«ng th× t«i ®· ®i §µ l¹t råi.
5. Or (else) NÕu kh«ng
Dïng t-¬ng tù nh- Otherwise
Eg : - Put the jacket on or (else) / otherwise you'll catch a cold
- MÆc ¸o vµo nÕu kh«ng con sÏ bÞ l¹nh ®Êy. = If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold.
6. If only
Th-êng dïng víi lo¹i 2 vµ 3 , t-¬ng tù nh- wish
Eg : - We don't have a map. If only we had one.
- Chóng t«i kh«ng cã b¶n ®å. Gi¸ mµ chóng t«i cã mét c¸i.
Eg : - I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that.
T«i kh«ng biÕt h«m qua c« ta ë ®©y. Gi¸ mµ t«i biÕt ®iÒu ®ã.
- Cã thÓ ®-îc dïng nh- 1 vÕ cña c©u ®iÒu kiÖn
Eg : - If only I were a bit younger, I would apply for that job.
- Gi¸ mµ t«i trÎ h¬n mét chót, t«i sÏ nép ®¬n xin viÖc.
7. But for = If it weren't for sth / sb
If it hadn't been
NÕu kh«ng v× ®iÒu g×
- Th-êng dïng víi c©u lo¹i 2 vµ lo¹i 3.
Eg1 :- It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday.
= If it weren't for the weather, we would ........
 58

- Trêi rÊt l¹nh. NÕu kh«ngv× thêi tiÕt, chóng t«i sÏ ®i nghØ.
Eg 2 : - It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.
= If it hadn't been for the weather, we would have visited ..........
- H«m qua trêi rÊt l¹nh. NÕu kh«ng v× thêi tiÕt chóng t«i ®· ®i th¨m c« gi¸o råi.
8. Bá if
* Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3 :
- If I had known he was ill, I'd have visited him. = Had I known he was ..................
- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn't have got a bad cold.
= Had he not gone to ..................
* Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2 víi were
- If she were younger .............. = Were she younger ............
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1/ It was the goal-keeper who saved the match for us.
 Had it ...........................................................................................................................................
2/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 Had it ...........................................................................................................................................
3/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather.
 Had ..............................................................................................................................................
4/ She can't go camping because of her age.
 Were she ........................................................................................................................................
5/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice.
 Had he .........................................................................................................................................
9. In case
a. In case of sth = If there is sth : NÕu cã c¸i g×
Eg : - In case of fire, ring this number = If there is a fire, ring this number.
- Trong tr-êng hîp cã ch¸y, h·y gäi sè nµy.
b. In case : Phßng khi (§éng tõ sau in case dïng thêi hiÖn t¹i ®¬n)
Eg :- I'll buy some more cakes in case there are a lot of guests coming to my house tonight.
T«i sÏ ®i mua thªm mét Ýt b¸nh phßng khi cã nhiÒu kh¸ch ®Õn vµo tèi nay.
10. Providing ( that) = If : MiÔn lµ, víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ, nÕu...
Provided (that)
As/ So long as
On condition that
Eg : - If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.
-NÕu b¹n høa tr¶ sím, tí sÏ cho b¹n m-în xe.
= As long as you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.
Provided that
Providing that
On condition that
( MiÔn lµ b¹n høa ...........tí sÏ ................)
 59

Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences

1/ If you want my advice, I'd forget about buying a new house.
 If I ...........................................
2/ If there's an emergency, ring this number.
 In case ...........................................................................................................
3/ He spends too much money on his clothes.
 If I .................................................................................................................
4/ Minh is overweight because he eats too much chocolate.
 If Minh ...................................................................................
5/ You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains.
 In case ....................................................
6/ We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money.
 If we ........................................................................................
7/ "You shouldn't eat too much meat !'
 If I ..........................................................................................................................
8/ Without her help we would all have died.
 If it ...............................................................................................................
9/ It's such a pity your sister can't come as well.
 If only ........................................................................................................
10/ Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test.
 As long as .............................................................................
11/ I'll lend you the money as long as you promise to pay me back.
 On condition that .........................................................
12/ The only thing that prevented the passing of the bill was the death of the Prime Minister.
 But for .........................................................................................................................................
13/ It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather.
 But for .............................................................
14/ If we don't hurry, the sun will rise before we reach the top.
 We should hurry,................................................................
15/ What a shame you didn't tell me earlier.
 If only ............................................................................................................
16/ She can't go camping because of her age.
 If .................................................................................................................................................
17/ What would you do if there was an earthquake ?
 Supposing ................................................................................................................................
18/ Lan feels tired now because she ate too much this morning.
 Lan wouldn't.............................................................................................................
19/ Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother.
 If ............................................................................................................................................
 60

20/ What a pity Mai can't come.

 I wish ..................................................................................................................................
21/ My sister regretted not working hard before.
 My sister wished .....................................................................................
22/ We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class.
 If we...................................................................................
23/ I'm sorry that I asked her to stay.
 Now I wish ................................................................................................................
24/ He lost his money because he wasn't careful.
 If he .........................................................................................................
25/ It was his own fault that he lost his job. He was late for work every morning.
 If he ................................................................................................
26/ I only made that mistake because I didn't think.
 If I ......................................................................................................
27/ I only bought that dog because my children wanted a pet.
 If my children ................................................................................................................
28/ It was overeating that caused his heart attack.
 If he hadn't ............................................................................................
29/ He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice.
 If he ...........................................................................................

Chuyên đề 8: Common structures

Would rather- Prefer- Have sth done- As if
It's time - Used to - Had better- Suggest
1. Had better
* Had better do sth/ not do sth
Eg :- You'd better go there alone. ( B¹n nªn tíi ®ã mét m×nh)
- You'd better not smoke. ( CËu kh«ng nªn hót thuèc)
2. Used to do sth - Be/ get used to doing sth
* Used to do sth ( Th-êng lµm g× trong qu¸ khø)
Eg : - I used to play chess when I was at school.
* Be / Get used to doing sth (Quen víi viÖc lµm g×)
Eg : - I get / am used to getting up early now.
3. Prefer
* Prefer to do / doing sth ( ThÝch lµm g× - chØ së thÝch nãi chung)
Eg : - I prefer to live / living in the country.
* Prefer sth to sth ( ThÝch c¸i g× h¬n c¸i g×)
- Eg : - She prefers tea to coffee.
* Prefer doing sth to doing sth ( ThÝch lµm viÖc g× h¬n lµm viÖc g×)
 61

Eg : - I prefer playing the guitar to going swimming.

- Lan prefers playing football to tennis.
* Would prefer to do sth ( Muèn lµm g×)
Eg : - I'd prefer to stay at home.
* Would prefer sb to do sth / not to do sth ( muèn ai ®ã lµm g×)
Eg : - I 'd prefer you to finish your work by 5 o'clock.
4. Would rather
* Would rather do sth than do sth ( ThÝch lµm g× h¬n lµm g× )
Eg : - I'd rather read books than watch TV.
- We'd rather play the piano than the guitar.
* Would rather do sth ( Muèn lµm g×)
not do sth ( Kh«ng muèn lµm g×)
Eg : - We'd rather stay at home.
- George would rather not go out.
* Would rather S did sth / didn't do sth ( Muèn ai lµm g× / Kh«ng muèn ai lµm g× - Tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i)
Eg : - I'd rather you stopped smoking now.
- I'd rather you didn't smoke.
* Would rather S had done sth / hadn't done sth
Eg : - I'd rather you had come here yesterday. ( T«i muèn h«m qua cËu tíi ®©y)
- You didn't come here yesterday. (Thùc tÕ lµ cËu ®· kh«ng tíi)
- I'd rather she hadn't said that. ( T«i muèn lµ c« ta ®· kh«ng nãi ®iÒu ®ã.)
- She said that. (Thùc tÕ lµ c« ta ®· nãi)
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences
1. We'd prefer you not to smoke.  We'd rather ...............................................................................
2. He would prefer you to pay him immediately.  He'd rather ......................................................
3. No, please don't tell her.  I'd rather ............................................................................................
4. Would you mind not smoking here ?  I'd rather .......................................................................
5. I prefer staying at home to going out.  I'd rather .......................................................................
6. I don't really want to have lunch yet.  I'd rather..........................................................................
7. I'd prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday.  I would rather ....................................................
8. She prefers Italian food to French food.  She'd .........................................................................
9. I'd rather go out for a meal than stay at home.  I prefer ............................................................
11. I'd rather not see him tomorrow.  I don't .................................................................................
12. He prefers golf to tennis.  He'd rather ....................................................................................
13. I don't really want to visit the museum.  I'd rather ..................................................................
14. I'd rather you started work next week.  I'd prefer .................................................................
15. Please don't go there.  I'd .........................................................................................................
16. I don't feel like spreading another day at the beach.  I 'd rather .............................................
 62

17. I'd rather you didn't phone me at work.  I'd prefer .................................................................
18. We'd rather you didn't smoke .  We'd prefer ...........................................................................
19. She doesn't usually stay up so late.  She's not used .................................................................
20. It's not a habit of mine to sleep in the afternoon.  I'm ...........................................................
Exercise 2 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)
1. I would rather don't go out with him.
2. I 'd rather you spend less money on clothes.
3. I 'd rather you didn't come here yesterday.
4. You'd better don't smoke here.
5. He's not used to work overtime.
5. It's time
* It's time to do sth ( §· ®Õn giê lµm g×)
Eg : - It's time to go home now.
* It's time for sb to do sth ( §· ®Õn giê ai ph¶i lµm g×)
- Eg : - It's time for us to go home now.
* It's ( about / high) time sb did sth ( §· ®Õn lóc ai ph¶i lµm g×)
Eg : - It's 10 o'clock now. It's time he got up. ( B©y giê ®· 10 giê råi. §· ®Õn lóc anh ta ph¶i dËy)
- You are too lazy. It's about time you worked hard.
6. As if / as though
* As if / as though víi nghÜa cã vÎ nh-
Eg : - She looks as if she is tired. ( C« ta tr«ng cã vÎ mÖt mái) = Perhaps she is tired.
- It looks as if it's going to rain. ( Cã vÎ nh- trêi s¾p m-a)
* As if / as though víi nghÜa nh- thÓ lµ ( ChØ t×nh huèng tr¸i víi thùc tÕ ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t-¬ng lai)
Eg : - Mr John talks as if he was / were rich. ( ¤ng John nãi chuyÖn cø nh- lµ «ng ta giµu cã l¾m)
He's not rich ( Thùc tÕ «ng ta kh«ng giµu)
- She talks as if she knew everything. (C« ta nãi chuyÖn cø nh- thÓ lµ c« ta biÕt mäi thø )
- She knows nothing (thùc tÕ c« ta kh«ng biÕt g×)
- Mrs Young feels as if she was sitting on the fire. ( Bµ Young c¶m thÊy nh- ®ang ngåi trªn löa)
- He looked as though he had seen a ghost. (Nom «ng ta cø nh- ®· nh×n thÊy ma råi)
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences
1. I think the City Council should do something about the city's traffic problems.
 It's high time..................................................................................................................................
2.The house seemed to have been unoccupied for several years.
 It looked as if ...................................................................
3. The children should start doing their homework now.
 It is time .......................................................................................
4. Fares will be likely to go up again this summer.
 It looks as if ..........................................................................................
5. I really think you ought to acquire a few manners.
 63

 It's high time .....................................................................................

6. You really should be able to dress yourself by now.
 It's high ..........................................................................................
7. We'd better buy a new cooker.
 It's ....................................................................................................................................
8. I had better get back to work.
 It's .......................................................................................................................................
9. I think it may rain.
 It looks .........................................................................................................................................
Exercise 2 : Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1. I want (talk) to the person who broke that cup.
2. We prefer (listen) to music to (watch) TV.
3. It's about time Tom (pay) attention to his clothes.
4. It's time for him (go) down.
5. Brian is a terrible driver. He drives as if he (be) the only driver on the road.
6.I don't like Mrs White. She talks as if she (know) everything.
7. Do you hear that music next door ? It sounds as if they (have) a party.
8. Mr Ha had never been to Paris, but he talked as if he (be) there once.
Exercise 3 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)
1. It's time they fly to Bermuda.
2. I would rather don't go out with him.
3. I 'd rather you don't drink beer.
4. He looks at me as though I am from another planet.
5. I 'd rather you came here yesterday.
7. Have / Get sth done (Nhê ai lµm c«ng viÖc g×)
Eg : - The garage repaired the car for us yesterday. = We had / got the car repaired ( by the garage)
yesterday.
- They are going to deliver the milk to me. = I'm going to have/ get the milk delivered.
Exercise : Rewrite the following sentences
1. He is getting someone to mend the windows.  He's having .....................................................
2. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week.  We are going ....................................
3. Somebody repaired her car yesterday.  She .............................................................................
4. Mr Brown washed the walls for me yesterday.  I had ..............................................................
5. All his suits were made in Paris.  He .......................................................................................
6. They are going to tune my piano tomorrow.  I'm .....................................................................
8. Become/ feel/ get / keep/ taste / seem / sound / smell / look+ adj
* Eg : - He became angry when he heard the news.
- We feel tired now.
- It's getting dark.
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- Keep calm !
- This cake tastes good.
- They seemed bored with what I was talking.
* Make / Find sb/ sth + adj
Eg : - That film made us tired. ( Bé phim lµm chóng t«i mÖt mái)
- I find this book interesting. ( T«i thÊy cuèn s¸ch nµy hay)
* S + find + it + adj + to do sth
Eg : My father found it easy to repair the bike.( Bè t«i thÊy dÔ khi söa xe ®¹p)
Exercise 1 : Rewrite the following sentences
1. It's extremely difficult for us to make ends meet these days.
 We find ..............................................................................
2. It is increasingly difficult for me to read without my glasses.
 I am finding .................................................................
3/ I wasn't interested in the film, so I turned TV off.
 I didn't find ........................................................................................
4. I'm always nervous when I travel by air.
 Travelling .........................................................................................................
Exercise 2 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences ( Each sentence has one mistake)
1/ My father looked angrily when he saw what I'd done.
2/ My friend finds driving on the left difficulty.
3/ You shouldn't drink this milk. It smells terribly.
4/ When I met Jim yesterday, he seemed anxiously.
9. Suggest ( Gîi ý)
* Suggest doing sth ( Gîi ý lµm g×)
Eg : - My brother suggested painting the house green.
* Suggest (that) S ( should ) do sth ( Gîi ý r»ng ai ®ã nªn lµm g×)
Eg : - They suggested that I should apply for that job. ( Hä gîi ý lµ t«i nªn nép ®¬n xin viÖc)
- I suggest to my cousin that he should marry that woman. ( T«i gîi ý cho anh hä cña m×nh nªn c-íi c« ®ã)
- L-u ý : - I suggest that you apologise to her. ( Kh«ng dïng should trong lêi gîi ý trùc tiÕp)
( T«i gîi ý lµ cËu nªn xin lçi c« Êy)
Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences
1. The doctor advised me to rest.  The doctor suggested .............................................................
2. " Why don't you put a better lock on the door, Bang ?", said John.
 John suggested ...........................................................................................................................
3. If you don't want Sally to be angry with you, I suggest you apologise.
 You'd ........................................................................................................................................
4." Why don't you put your luggage under the seat ?"- He asked me.
 He suggested ...............................................................................................................................
5. "Let's invite the Browns to the party on Sunday", he said.
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 He suggested ...............................................................................................................................

Chuyên đề 9: Direct and Indirect speech

Reported Speech (C©u gi¸n tiÕp)
* Nh÷ng biÕn ®æi khi ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang gi¸n tiÕp

DIRECT REPORTED DIRECT REPORTED

is seeing was seeing here there

sees saw this that

saw saw/had seen these those

has seen had seen now then

will see would see today that day

is going to see was going to see yesterday the previous day

can see could see tomorrow the next day

Exercise 1: Chän tõ, côm tõ ®óng trong sè a,b vµ c

1. Agnes "I love aikido."
Michael: "Agnes said (that) she ___ aikido."
a. loved b. loves c. loving
2. Magda: "I went skiing."
John: "Magda said (that) she ___ skiing."
a. went b. had gone c. have gone
3. Simon: "I will eat pierogi for dinner."
Kate: "Simon said (that) he ___ eat pierogi for dinner."
a. willing b. will c. would
4. Maria: "I have been to Gdansk."
Donata: "Maria said (that) she ___ to Gdansk."
a. had been b. has been c. was being
5. Peter: "I have had three cars."
Simon: "Peter said (that) she ___ three cars.
a. has b. has had c. had had
6. Victoria: "I'm going to go to Poznan."
John: "Victoria said (that) she ___ going to go to Poznan."
a. is b. was c. went
7. Anna: "I don't like coffee."
Eric: "Anna said (that) she ___ like coffee."
a. doesn't b. don't c. didn't
8. Roman: "I have never been to London."
Alicja: "Roman said (that) he ___ never been to London."
a. had b. has c. have
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9. Joanna: "I was swimming."

Simon: "Joanna said (that) she ___ swimming.
a. has been b. had been c. have been
10. Hania: "I had a cat."
Ela: Hania said (that) she had ___ a cat."
a. have b. has c. had
11. Simon: "I can't swim."
Donata: "Simon said (that) she ___ swim."
a. can't b. couldn't c. can not
12. Jacek: "I won't buy a new car."
Kasia: "Jacek said (that) she ___ by a new car."
a. won't b. will c. wouldn't
Exercise 2: ChuyÓn c¸c c©u sau sang gi¸n tiÕp
1. "It's raining," she said.
2. He said to her, "I love you."
3. "I saw Maria in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos.
4. "We've lived here for three years," he said.
5. "I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca.
6. "Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda.
7. "They found gold here," said the geology teacher.
8. "Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre.
9. "I first met my wife in Seville," he told us.
10. "I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said.
* Reported Speech for Questions

+ "Are you happy, Carla?" asked Bob.

 Bob asked Carla if/whether she was happy.
+ "Where's your director ?", asked the customer.
 The customer asked me where my director was.

Exercise: Convert the questions below into reported speech.

1. "Can they play the piano?" she asked.
2. "Has Sarah ever been to Siena?" he asked.
3."Are they French or Canadian?," asked Charlie.
4."Where do bears live?" asked George.
5."Who wants some more yoghurt ice cream?" asked Mum.
6."Are we going out tonight?" asked Bob.
7."Can I use your mobile, John?" asked Sarah.
8."Have you ever been to Lisbon?" Luis asked Paul.
9."What has Daddy made for dinner?" asked Simon.
10."Is the Pope a Catholic," asked JK.
11."Who won the match?" asked Monica.
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12."Have you fed the cat yet, Philip?" asked Letizia.

13."How much does it cost?" asked Carlos.
* Reported Speech for Orders

"Don't turn on the light," she said to him.

 She told him not to turn on the light.

Exercise: Convert the orders below into reported speech.

1. "Shut up, everybody!" said the teacher.
2. "Open the window, Robert," said Jane.
3. "Phone your granny," she told him.
4. "Don't be late," she warned him.
5. "Don't talk to strangers, Michael," said his mother.
6. "Don't listen to a word he says," she told me.
7. "Clare, help me clean up the kitchen," said Tony.
8. "Fiona, get out of my way," said Alastair.
9. "Boys! Stay away from the dog when he's eating," said Dad.
10. "Minnie, don't scratch the sofa," said Bob.
11. "Carla, don't pick your nose in class," said the teacher.
12. "Look after your sister," said my father.
13. "Break a leg, Oliver," said the actor.
* Reporting Verbs Exercise:
Fill the gaps using the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only.

advise hope promise suggest

beg insist remind threaten

deny invite refuse warn

1."I didn't do it," she said.

 She ________________ doing it.
2."Have lunch with me," she said.
 She ________________ me to have lunch with her.
3."Why don't you buy one?" said Tom.
 Tom ________________ I buy one.
4."I promise I'll take you to Prague," said Mary.
 Mary ________________ to take me to Prague.
5."I hope Andy phones tonight," said Clare.
 Clare ________________ Andy would phone that night.
6."Please, please don't tell anyone!" he said.
 He ________________ me not to tell anyone.
7."I won't do it," he said.
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 He ________________ to do it.
8."You should have lessons," she said.
 She ________________ me to have lessons.
9."We really must go with you," they said.
 They ________________ on going with me.
10."Don't forget to phone Granny," said Mum.
 Mum ________________ me to phone Granny.
11."If you wear my T-shirt again, I'll pinch you very hard," said Maggy.
 Maggie ________________ to pinch me very hard if I wore her T-shirt again.
12."Don't fly kites near electric overhead cables," said my father.
 My father ________________ me not to fly kites near electric overhead cables.

Chuyên đề 10: Relative clauses

Relative Clause ( MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ)
I/ Relative Pronouns ( §¹i tõ quan hÖ)
1. Which ( C¸i mµ, ®iÒu mµ ...)
* §¹i tõ quan hÖ which thay thÕ cho danh tõ, ®¹i tõ chØ vËt lµm chñ ng÷ hoÆc t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ.
Eg1 : - This is the book. I bought it yesterday.= This is the book which I bought yesterday.( §©y lµ cuèn s¸ch
mµ t«i mua ngµy h«m qua)
- Which ®ãng vai trß lµ t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ.
- MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ which I bought yesterday lµm nhiÖm vô x¸c ®Þnh cho danh tõ ®øng tr-íc nã.
Eg 2 : The book which is on the table belongs to our teacher. ( Cuèn s¸ch ë trªn bµn thuéc vÒ thÇy gi¸o cña
chóng t«i)
- Which ®ãng vai trß lµ chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ
* Notes : - NÕu which ®ãng vai trß lµ t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ th× ta cã thÓ bá which ®i.
Eg : This is the book which I bought yesterday = This is the book I bought yesterday.
- Which cã thÓ thay cho c¶ mét c©u, lóc ®ã ta ph¶i dïng dÊu phÈy tr-íc which.
Eg : - He often goes out at night. This makes his wife angry.
= He often goes out at night, which makes his wife angry.( Anh ta th-êng ®i ch¬i vµo buæi tèi, ®iÒu ®ã lµm
cho vî anh ta rÊt bùc m×nh)
2. Who (Ng-êi mµ)
* Who lµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ thay thÕ cho danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ chØ ng-êi lµm chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ.
Eg : - The man comes from China. He is sitting at the door. = The man who is sitting at the door comes from
China.( Ng-êi ®µn «ng ngåi ë cöa ®Õn tõ Trung quèc)
3. Whom
* §¹i tõ quan hÖ whom thay cho danh tõ hoÆc ®¹i tõ chØ ng-êi lµm t©n ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ.
Eg : - The man comes from China. My father is talking to him = The man whom my father is talking to
comes from China.( Ng-êi ®µn «ng bè t«i mµ ®ang nãi chuyÖn víi ®Õn tõ Trung Quèc)
* Ta cã thÓ ®Ó giíi tõ ®øng tr-íc whom.
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Eg : - The man to whom my father is .......

- Ta cã thÓ bá " whom" ®i.
Eg : - The man my father is talking to comes from China.
* Ta cã thÓ thay whom = who trong v¨n nãi khi giíi tõ ®øng sau.
Eg : - The man who my father is talking to comes from China.
4. That
* That lµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ng-êi hoÆc vËt lµm t©n ng÷ hoÆc chñ ng÷ trong mÖnh ®Ò
quan hÖ.
Eg : The book that I bought yesterday is interesting.
The man that came to your house yesterday is Nam's brother.
* That thay thÕ cho côm tõ chØ ng-êi vµ vËt
Eg : - We saw many people and cows that went to the forest.
* Notes : Kh«ng dïng that ®Ó thay cho danh tõ ®· ®-îc x¸c ®Þnh.
Eg : Kh«ng nãi : Mr Pike, that is old , is my teacher.
*Kh«ng dïng that ®Ó thay thÕ cho c¶ c©u.
Eg : Kh«ng nãi : He often goes out at night, that makes ......
* Kh«ng dïng giíi tõ tr-íc that.
Eg : Kh«ng nãi : The man to that my father is talking to ...
* That ®-îc dïng trong c©u nhÊn m¹nh
It + to be +( côm) danh tõ / côm tõ / mÖnh ®Ò + that .......
Eg : - It's this book that makes me happy. ( ChÝnh lµ cuèn s¸ch nµy ®· lµm t«i vui)
- It's in Ha Noi that we met each other. ( ChÝnh t¹i Hµ néi chóng t«i ®· gÆp nhau)
5. Whose
Whose lµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ chØ së h÷u thay thÕ cho tÝnh tõ së h÷u (his, her, their) hoÆc danh tõ së h÷u c¸ch.Sau
whose lµ danh tõ.
Eg : - The man has just phoned the police. His car was stolen near the market.
= The man whose car was stolen near the market has just phoned the police. (Ng-êi dµn «ng mµ xe cña «ng
Êy bÞ ®¸nh c¾p gÇn chî võa míi gäi ®iÖn cho c¶nh s¸t)
- The house is on sale. Its doors are green. = The house whose doors are green is on sale. (Ng«i nhµ cã cöa
mµu xanh ®ang ®-îc rao b¸n)
* Khi dïng víi danh tõ chØ vËt, ta cã thÓ thay whose = of which
Eg : - The house the doors of which are green is on sale.
II/ Relative Adverbs ( Tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ)
1. Where ( N¬i mµ)
- Tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ where thay thÕ cho tr¹ng tõ tr¹ng ng÷ chØ n¬i chèn there, in this house, at the beach ...
Eg : - The house is very old. He was born in this house.
= The house where he was born is very old.( Ng«i nhµ n¬i «ng Êy sinh ra rÊt cæ kÝnh)
= The house in which he was born is very old.
 where = in / at which
2. When ( Khi mµ )
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* Tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ when thay thÕ cho tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian.
Eg : - The day was nice. They met on that day.
= The day when they met was nice.( C¸i ngµy mµ hä gÆp nhau thËt lµ ®Ñp)
= The day on which they met was nice.
 when = on/ in which
Ta cã thÓ thay when b»ng that hoÆc bá when ®i.
Eg : The day when they met was nice. = The day that they met was nice. = The day they met was nice.
3. Why ( Lý do mµ)
Eg : - The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown. ( Lý do mµ anh ta tõ chèi di víi chóng t«i th×
kh«ng ®-îc biÕt)
= The reason for which he refused to go ..........
 why = for which
Ta cã thÓ thay why b»ng that hoÆc cã thÓ bá why ®i.
Eg : - The reason why he refused to go with us was unknown. = The reason that he refused to go with us
was unknown. = The reason he refused to go with us was unknown.
III. Tr-êng hîp dïng dÊu phÈy víi mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ
Ta dïng dÊu phÈy víi mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ khi ®¹i tõ, tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ thay cho danh tõ, côm tõ ®· ®-îc x¸c
®Þnh (Mr Pike, my father, Hanoi, their ball, in his house ....)
MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ trong tr-êng hîp nµy kh«ng lµm nhiÖm vô x¸c ®Þnh cho danh tõ ®»ng tr-íc (v× ®ã lµ danh
tõ ®· ®-îc x¸c ®Þnh) mµ chØ ®Ó cung cÊp thªm th«ng tin. NÕu ta bá mÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ®i th× c©u vÉn cã nghÜa.
Eg 1 : - His car, which is very expensive, has just been stolen.
Eg 2 : - My younger brother , who is only 7 years old, can play the piano very well.
Eg 3 : - Mr Hoa, whose daughter is a famous singer, has just bought a house here.
Eg 4: - I'm going to Ha noi, where my father is working.
Eg 5 : Thanh Lam, who is a famous singer , has just come here.
= Thanh Lam, a famous singer , has just come here.
Notes : §¹i tõ quan hÖ that kh«ng ®-îc dïng trong tr-êng hîp nµy.

Exercise: Chän tõ thÝch hîp trong sè A, B, C hoÆc D

1/ What was the name of the girl .............. passport was stolen ?
A. whose B. who C. which D. when
2/ The bed ..................... I slept in was too soft.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
3/ Nora is the only person ............... understands me.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
4/ The man ............. she is married to has been married twice before.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
5/ The hotel ........... we stayed was not clean.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
6/ The last time.............. I saw her, she looked very beautiful.
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A. when B. which C. whom D. what

7/ The stories ....... Tom tells are usually very funny.
A. that B. who C. when D. what
8/ Have you seen the money ........ was on the table ?
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
9/ The factory ................... John was working is the biggest in town.
A. which B. who C. where D. what
10/ Jim passed his driving test, .............. surprised everybody.
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
11/ Do you remember the day............. we first met ?
A. when B. which C. whom D. what
12/ Thank you for your letter, .................... I was very happy to get.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
13/ The reason ................ he failed was obvious.
A. that B. why C. whom D. what
14/ Ann has a lot books, most of .... she hasn't read.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
15/ The mother ............. son was killed in the accident was very sad.
A. that B. whose C. whom D. what
Exercise : Nèi hai c©u thµnh mét c©u sö dông ®¹i tõ, tr¹ng tõ quan hÖ
1/ The student is from China. He sits next to me.
2/ I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.
3/ The professor is excellent. I am taking his course.
4/ I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.
5/ Nam knows the man. We talked to him this morning.
6/ The house is very old. My grandfather used to live there.
IV/ Mét sè tr-êng hîp kh¸c
1. All/ some / many ...of whom
Eg : - The children are coming into my house. All of them are very tired.= The children, all of whom are very
tired are coming into my house.
( Bän trÎ mµ tÊt c¶ trong sè ®ã rÊt mÖt ®ang ®i vµo nhµ t«i)
Ta cã thÓ thay all = some , many , few ...
2. All/ some / many/ most ... of which
Eg : - The hats have been taken away. Some of them are very expensive = The hats, some of which are very
expensive, have been taken away.( Nh÷ng c¸i mò, mµ mét vµi trong sè ®ã rÊt ®¾t tiÒn ®· bÞ lÊy mÊt)
3. What ( Nh÷ng g×, ®iÒu mµ)
Eg : - My mother was very happy when she saw what I had done. ( MÑ t«i rÊt vui khi bµ thÊy nh÷ng g× t«i ®·
lµm)
- What surprised us was the way he behaved.( §iÒu lµm chóng t«i ng¹c nhiªn lµ c¸i c¸ch mµ anh ta c- xö)
4. How
Eg : - We don't know how to get there.
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( Chóng t«i kh«ng biÕt lµm thÕ nµo ®Ó tíi ®ã)

5.Whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however
a. Whatever ( BÊt cø c¸i g×)
- You can do whatever you like here.
- Whatever you do, don't touch this. (Cho dï b¹n lµm g× th× còng ®õng ®éng vµo c¸i nµy)
- Whatever the reason, we can't forgive her. ( Dï lý do g× ®i ch¨ng n÷a, chóng t«i còng kh«ng tha lçi cho c«
ta)
- When you are older you can watch whatever programme you like. ( Khi con lín h¬n con cã thÓ xem bÊt cø
ch-¬ng tr×nh g× mµ con thÝch)
b. Whoever ( BÊt cø ai)
- Whoever hears his voice loves it at once ( BÊt cø ai nghe thÊy giäng cña anh Êy ®Òu mª liÒn).
c. Wherever ( BÊt cø n¬i nµo)
- They are rich, so they can go wherever they like.
d. Whenever ( BÊt cø khi nµo)
- I get angry whenever she comes.
= Every time she comes, I get angry.
e. However ( Cho dï ..... thÕ nµo ch¨ng n÷a)
- However + adj / adv
Eg : - However rich you are, you can never win her heart. ( Cho dï cËu cã giµu nh- thÕ nµo ®i ch¨ng n÷a, cËu
còng kh«ng thÓ chinh phôc ®-îc nµng) = No matter how rich you are, you can never win her heart.
- However hard I worked, my boss was never satisfied = No matter how hard I worked, my boss ......
 However = No matter how
6. Which or that ?
* C¶ which vµ that ®Òu thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ vËt nh-ng which kh«ng ®-îc sö dông sau all, everything,
little, much, none, no hay d¹ng so s¸nh nhÊt. Ta sö dông that trong c¸c tr-êng hîp nµy.
Eg : - All of the apples that fall are taken away by the girls.
- This is the most intesting book (that) I've ever read.
- Everything (that) he told me is not true.
Exercise: Chän tõ thÝch hîp trong sè A, B, C hoÆc D
1/ She gives her children everything ....... they want.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
2/ Tell me ........ you want and I will try to help you.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
3/ This is an awful film. It is the worst film............. I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. whom D. what
4/ I don't agree with ............. you have just said.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
5/ Ann has a lot books, most of ........ she hasn't read.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
6/ The mother ............. son was killed in the accident was very sad.
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A. that B. whose C. whom D. what

7/ The house was full of boys, ten of .............. were his own grandchildren.
A. that B. who C. whom D. what
Exercise: ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau, gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1/ We were surprised at what he had done.
 What .........................................................................................................
2/ I don't know his address.
 I don't know .....................................................................................................................
3/ Could you tell me the way to the nearest post-office.
 Could you tell me....................................................................................................................
4/ Every time I phoned her, she was out.
 She was out ........................................................................................................
5/ No matter what you do, don't touch this.
 Whatever .....................................................................................................
6/ You can use it as long as you like, and it won't wear out.
 No matter .....................................................................................................................
7/ No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door.
 However ...............................................................................................................................
8/ I''ll find that man, no matter how long it takes.
 However ...............................................................................................
9/ I can't go to the cinema tonight because I don't have a car.
 The reason why ..............................................................................................................
10/ I lent my car to that man.
 That's the man..................................................................................................................
11/ I tried hard as I could, but I just couldn't get the money.
 No matter ................................................................................
12/ Driving fast is dangerous, whether you are an experienced driver or not.
 However .................................................................................................
Exercise : H·y söa lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau (Mçi c©u mét lçi)
1/ That I want is 2 kilos of butter.
2/ Mr Carter to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very interested in our project
3/ Sheila couldn't come to the party, that was a pity.
4/ Sue has a lot of friends, many of them she was at school with.

Ing-clause and Ed-clause

1. Ing-clause - MÖnh ®Ò ®u«i" ing"
Eg : - The man who is talking to John is my cousin. = The man talking to John is my cousin.
( Ng-êi ®µn «ng nãi chuyÖn víi John lµ anh hä cña t«i.)
MÖnh ®Ò " ing" mang nghÜa chñ ®éng.
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MÖnh ®Ò " ing" thay cho ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + ®éng tõ ë thÓ chñ ®éng.
2. Ed-clause - MÖnh ®Ò ®u«i "ed"
Eg : - The boy who was injured in the accident was taken to hospital
= The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
- CËu bÐ bÞ th-¬ng trong vô tai n¹n ®· ®-îc ®-a vµo viÖn.
MÖnh ®Ò "ed"mang nghÜa bÞ ®éng.
thay cho ®¹i tõ quan hÖ + ®éng tõ ë thÓ bÞ ®éng
Mét vµi vÝ dô kh¸c vÒ mÖnh ®Ò " ing" vµ "ed"
Eg : - There are some people waiting outside. ( Cã vµi ng-êi ®ang ®îi bªn ngoµi)
- There was a big van parked outside the house. (Cã chiÕc xe t¶i to ®-îc ®Ëu ë bªn ngoµi ng«i nhµ)
Exercise : H·y söa lçi sai trong c¸c c©u sau (Mçi c©u mét lçi)
1/ What I want 2 kilos of butter.
2/ The window was broken in the storm last night has now been repaired.
3/ Few days after the interview, I received a letter offered me the job.
4/ A lot of people invite to the party cannot come.
5/ What was the name of the man who arrested by the police ?
6/ The company sent me a brochure contained all the information I needed.
7/ Who are those people wait outside ?
Exercise for Revision:
Chän tõ / côm tõ ®óng trong sè a, b, c, d ®Ó ®iÒn vµo chç trèng (cã thÓ cã h¬n 1 ®¸p ¸n ®óng)
1/ Ms Donalson, ......... teaches linguistics at the university, recently received recognition for her research on
the use of gestures in communication.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
2/ The award for the Most Valuable Player was won by a player ......... the coaches and the entire team
respect.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
3/ Our office needs a secretary ......... knows how to use various word proccessing programmes.
a. a. who b. whom c. which d. that
4/ The check ......... I gave to Oliver was for work he’d done for me.
a. who b. whom c. which d. that
5/ “Who is eligible for the scholarship ?”
“Anyone ....... scholastic record is above average can apply for the scholarship”
a. who has a b. has a c. who's d. whose
6/ Dr Sales is a person ...............
a. in whom I don't have much confidence b. whom I don't have much confidence in him
c. in that I don't have much confidence d. I don't have much confidence
7/ “ Is April twenty-first the day ........... ?”
“ No, the twenty-second”
a. you'll arrive then b. when you'll arrive c. on that you arrive d. when you'll arrive on
8/ The severe drought .......... occured last summer ruined the corn crop.
 75

a. that it b. which it c. it d. that

9/ Florida, ....... the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year.
a. is b. known as c. is known as d. that is known as
10/ The new shopping mall is gigantic. It’s advertised as a place ....... you can find just about anything you
might want to buy.
a. where b. which c. in where d. in that
11/ Lola’s marriage has been arranged by her family. She is marrying a man .......
a. that she hardly knows him b. whom she hardly knows him
c. she hardly knows d. she hardly knows him
12/ People who exercise frequently have greater physical endurance than those ........
a. who doesn't b. that doesn't c. which don't d. who don't
13/ Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, ............ surprised everyone.
a. which b. that c. who d. that it
14/ The missing man’s family is desperately seeking anyone ......... information about his activities or
whereabouts.
a. has b. having c. who have d. have
15/ The publishers expect that the new biography of Simon Bolivar will be bought by people ........ in Latin
American history.
a. who they are interested b. are interested c. interested d. they are interested
16/ I have always wanted to visit Paris, ........ of France.
a. a capital b. the capital c. capital d. this capital
17/ Do you have the book ........... the teacher ?
a. that it belongs to b. to which belongs to c. to which belongs d. that belongs to
18/ Have you ever met the man ....... over there ?
a. stands b. standing c. is standing d. who is standing
19/ The chemistry book .......... was a little expensive.
a. that I bought it b. I bought that c. what I bought d. I bought
20/ I have three brothers, ................. are businessmen.
a. that all of them b. who they all c. all of whom d. who all of them
21/“Were you able to locate the person .... wallet you found?”
a. which b. that his c. whose d. that's
22/ I usually get up at 4.00 because it’s the only time ....... without being interupted.
a. when I can work on my book b. when I can work on my book at
c. when I can work on my book then d. at when I can work on my book
23/ The movie ....... last night was terrific.
a. I went b. I went to it c. I went to d. that I went
24/ The problem .......... never occurred.
a. I had expected it b. who I had expected c. that I had expected it d. I had expected
25/ Many people lost their homes in the earthquake. The government needs to establish more shelters to care
those ......... have homes.
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a. who don't b. who doesn't c. which doesn't d. which don't

26/ I had to drive to the factory to pick up my brother, ....... car couldn’t start.
a. who is b. who c. who's d. whose
27/ I read a book about Picasso, ...........
a. is a Spanish painter b. a Spanish painter
c. who a Spanish painter is d. that is a Spanish painter
28/ “ My writing has improved a lot in this class”
“ Mine has, too. All the students ......... do well in writing”
a. whom Mr David teaches them b. which Mr David teaches
c. that Mr David teaches them d. Mr David teaches
29/ Have you seen the place ....... the graduation ceremony will be held ?
a. in that b. where c. is where that d. which
30/- How’s your class this term ?
- Great. I have 17 students, most of ......... speak English very well.
a. who b. those c. whom d. which
31/ Will everyone like the book ?
- No. Only people ........ interested in anthropology.
a. are b. who are c. in whom are d. that is
32/ How did you enjoy your dinner with Mr Jackson ?
- It was boring. He talked about himself, ........... almost puts us to sleep.
a. which b. that c. who d. that he
33/ My grandfather, ............ a wise man, has greatly influenced my life.
a. is b. that is c. who is d. who he is
34/ Is Mr Brown the person .......... you wish to speak ?
a. that b. whom c. to that d. to whom
35/ Excuse me, but there is something about .......... immediately.
a. which I must speak to you b. which I must speak to you about it
c. that I must speak to you about d. that I must speak to you about
36/ Little Women, ............ in 1868, is my sister’s favourite book.
a. is a novel published b. a novel published c. a novel was published d. was a novel published

Chuyên đề 11: Conjunctions- Determiners

Conjunctions ( Liªn tõ)
1/ Although/ though/ even though / Much as ( MÆc dï) + clause ( MÖnh ®Ò)
Eg : - Although / though / even though he was tired, he tried to finish his work.
= He tried to finish work although/ though/ even though he was tired. ( MÆc dï anh Êy mÖt nh-ng anh Êy vÉn
cè g¾ng lµm xong viÖc)
2/ Despite/ In spite of ( MÆc dï) + sth/ doing sth
Eg : - Despite/ In spite of being tired, he tried to finish his work. (MÆc dï anh Êy mÖt nh-ng anh Êy vÉn cè
g¾ng lµm xong viÖc)
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- Despite/ In spite of the bad weather, we still set off. ( MÆc dï thêi tiÕt xÊu nh-ng chóng t«i vÉn khëi hµnh)
- Although his leg was broken, he managed to get home before night.( MÆc dï ch©n ®au nh-ng anh Êy vÉn vÒ
nhµ tr-íc khi trêi tèi)
= Despite/ In spite of his broken leg, he ...................
= Despite/ In spite of his leg being broken, he ..........
= Despite the fact that his leg was broken, he ...........
In spite of
Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1. Although he had a good salary he was unhappy in his job.
 In spite of ....................................
2. In spite of the forecast it stayed fine.
 Although the rain was ................................................
3. Although the play received good notices, not many people went to see it.
 Despite .................
4. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car.
 In spite of .............................
5. Although the team played well, they lost.
 In spite of ...............................................................
6. In spite of all our warnings, he left the camp without taking his rifle.
 Although we had .........
7. Although he was not guilty they executed him.
 In spite of ......................................................
8. I am fond of my nephew although he behaves terribly.
 Despite .............................................
9. In spite of his age, Mr Benson runs 7 miles before breakfast everyday.
 Although .................
10. Although she wasn't experienced, she got the job.
 In spite of ..............................................
11. The flat's so noisy but we enjoy living there.
 Even ................................................................
13. Although Christopher was the stronger of the two, his attacker soon overpowered him.
- Despite his ......................................................................................................................................
14. While I strongly disapprove of your behaviour, I will help you this time.
 Despite my ..........
15. Much as I admire her achievements, I don't really like her.
 Even ...........................................
16. Although Judy was severely disabled she participated in many sports.
 Despite her ..............
17. Even though I admire his courage, I think he is foolish.
 78

 Much as ........................................
18. Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did.
 In spite of ....................................
19. Despite knowing the area well, I got lost.
 I got lost ..............................................................
3/ Because/ As / Since + clause ( Bëi v×)
Eg : - Because / As/ Since she was tired she went to bed early.( Bëi v× mÖt cho nªn c« ®i ngñ sím)
= She went to bed early for she was tired.
* Notes : Because of + nouns / V-ing
Eg : - We had to stay at home because it was raining.( Chóng t«i ph¶i ë nhµ v× trêi ®ang m-a)
= Because of the rain, we had to stay at home. ( Chóng t«i ph¶i ë nhµ v× trêi m-a)
- Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early.
4/ So that + clause ( §Ó ...)
Eg : - I speak slowly so that they can understand. ( T«i nãi chËm ®Ó hä hiÓu)
5/ In order to/ So as to ( §Ó ..)
* In order / So as to do sth ( §Ó lµm g× )
Eg :- I wrote a letter to my mother so as to / in order to inform her of my new job.
( T«i viÕt th- cho mÑ ®Ó th«ng b¸o vÒ c«ng viÖc míi cña t«i)
* In order / So as not to do sth ( §Ó kh«ng lµm g×)
Eg : - I walked in quietly in order / so as not to wake the children up. (T«i ®i khÏ vµo ®Ó kh«ng ®¸nh thøc lò
trÎ)
* In order for sb to do sth ( §Ó cho ai lµm g×)
Eg : - I speak slowly in order for them to understand.( T«i nãi chËm ®Ó hä hiÓu)
Exercise 1 : ViÕt l¹i c¸c c©u sau gi÷ nguyªn nghÜa
1. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing.
 Because of ..................................................
2. We drove slowly so that he could follow us.
 We drove ............................................................
3. They set off early so that they could reach the village before night.
 They set off .....................
4. We left early so that we didn't miss the train.
 We left early ....................................................
5. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
 Since ......................................
6. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out.
 Because .................................................................
7. She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye.
 She left the party quickly in order ...............................................................................................
8. He turned on the TV. He wanted to see a football match.
 79

 He turned on the TV so as .............................................................................................................

9. Having nothing else to do, we decided to go for a walk.
 Since ................................................
10. Having nowhere else to go, I tried to sleep in the station waiting room.
 As .........................
11. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children.
 So as ..............................................
12. I want him to write to me. I gave him my address.
 I gave him my address ...........................
13. They left early because they didn't want to get caught in the traffic.
 They left early in ......................................................................................................................
14. As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.
 Fearing .................................................................................................................................
15. None of us had a watch. We didn't know what time it was.
 As ...................................
6/ Furthermore, besides, moreover, what's more ( Ngoµi ra)
Eg : - The coat is soft. Besides, it is warm. ( C¸i ¸o kho¸c th× mÒm. Ngoµi ra nã cßn Êm.)
Furthermore,
Moreover,
What's more
7/ But (nh-ng), however, nevertheless (tuy nhiªn)
Eg : - He is rich but mean. ( Anh ta giµu cã nh-ng keo kiÖt)
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
- They hadn't trained hard; but/however/ nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualifications, but he got the job.
8/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ng-îc l¹i)
Eg : - Mr Pike is very generous while / whereas his wife is very mean.
9/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do ®ã , cho nªn, v× thÕ )
Eg : - It started to rain, so we went home.
- He came back late, therefore his father got angry.
10/ And ( Vµ )
Eg : - I play football and tennis.
- I want you to buy that house and move there.
Exercise 1 : Chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng trong sè A, B , C hoÆc D
1. ...... I heard the telephone ring, I didn't answer it.
A. Because B. If only C. Even though D. Provided that
2. Some fish can only survive in salt water, ......... other species can live only in fresh water.
A.whereas B.unless C. if D. since
3. Jack insisted that he didn't need any help......... I helped him anyway.
 80

A. and B. so C. besides D. but

4. I couldn't use the pay phone....... I didn't have any coins with me.
A. yet B. for C. although D. despite
5. Mr Watson retired from his job early ....... his ill health.
A. because B. due to C. despite D. for
6. He reached to turn on the TV....... he could watch it.
A. because of B. therefore C. so that D. for
7. Cars have become much more complicated. ......... mechanics need more training than in the past.
A. Because B. Therefore C. So that D. For
8. I got to work on time ....... I missed my bus.
A. though B. nevertheless C. because D. despite
9. The teacher speaks slowly ....... the pupils may understand him.
A. because B. in order to C. so that D. to
10. I hurried ............ I would not be late.
A. in order to B. so that C. if D. provided
Exercise 2 : Fill in the blank with one suitable word.
1. He is small ......... strong.
2. Our cases were heavy, ......... we took a taxi.
3. Their son failed the exam, ............ they bought him a new bike.
4. This restaurant is very expensive. ............ the waiters are impolite.
5. He is a worker............ his brother is a manager.
6. She met a foreigner in her town in 1980 ......... married him in the same year.
7. ......... my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village.
8. The play was disappointing ....... it was badly acted and far too long.
11/ Not only ... but also ...( Kh«ng nh÷ng mµ cßn)
* Dïng víi ®éng tõ : - They not only lent me their car but also offered me a meal.
( Hä kh«ng nh÷ng cho t«i m-în xe mµ cßn mêi t«i ¨n)
* Dïng víi danh tõ : - Mike plays not only football but also tennis.
*Dïng víi tr¹ng tõ : - She writes not only correctly but also neatly.
*Dïng víicôm giíi tõ : - The Beatles are famous not only in their country but also in other countries.
*Dïng víi tÝnh tõ: - He's not only intelligent but also handsome
12/ As well as ( Còng nh-)
* §i víi danh tõ : - The teacher, as well as his students, is going to the concert.
( ThÇy gi¸o cïng víi häc sinh ®i nghe hßa nh¹c)
- My children, as well as my neighbour, are going to the stadium this afternoon.
 §éng tõ chia cho danh tõ ®øng tr-íc.
*§i víi V-ing : - She works in a company as well as writing books for children.
( C« Êy lµm viÖc cho mét c«ng ty ®ång thêi cßn viÕt s¸ch cho trÎ em)
* §i víi tÝnh tõ : - He's not only intelligent but also handsome = He's intelligent as well as handsome.
13/ Both .....and...
 81

*§i víi tÝnh tõ

Eg : - He's both intelligent and handsome.
*§i víi danh tõ
Eg : - Both Nam and Hoa want to go the theatre.( C¶ Nam vµ Hoa ®Òu muèn ®i xem h¸t)
14/ Either ... or ...( HoÆc c¸i nµy hoÆc c¸i kia)
* Dïng víi danh tõ lµm t©n ng÷
- You can take either this hat or that one.( CËu cã thÓ lÊy c¸i mò nµy hoÆc c¸i kia)
* Dïng víi mÖnh ®Ò
- Either you apologise or I'll say good bye to you.( HoÆc lµ anh xin lçi hoÆc lµ t«i ph¶i nãi lêi chia tay)
* Dïng víi danh tõ lµm chñ ng÷
- Either John or his friends have to go.  §éng tõ chia cho danh tõ ®øng sau.
15/ Neither ... nor ....( Kh«ng c¸i nµy vµ còng kh«ng c¸i kia)
* Dïng víi danh tõ lµm chñ ng÷
- Neither John nor Mary is going to class today.
- Neither John nor his cousins are going to ........
 §éng tõ chia cho danh tõ ®øng sau.
* Dïng víi ®éng tõ
- She can't read and she can't write either. = She can neither read nor write.
* Dïng víi danh tõ lµm t©n ng÷
- She can speak neither English nor French.
Exercise 1 : Choose the correct answer
1. ..... you or your sister is elegible for that job.
A. Either B. Every C. Neither D. No
2. Neither the nurses nor the doctor ....... there when the patient died.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
3. I hurried ....... I would not be late.
A. in order B.so that C.if D. provided
4. I wish eveyone would use his bicycle, ..... we would reduce pollution.
A. which B. when C. although D. so that
5. I don't want to go out tonight ...... Ann phones.
A. so that B. in case C. even though D. when
6. Lots of people not only own microcomputer ..... how to use them.
A. but also to know B. so know C. and know D. but also know
7. ...... Albert is late, let's begin without him.
A. Since B. Nevertheless C. However D. Consequently
8. Pleiglas is used in aircraft windows ...... is almost unbreakable.
A. it B. because it C. because D. it because
Exercise 2 : Use both ....and , neither ..... nor , either ..... or to fill in the blank
1. My father is very sad. ....... my brother ..... I failed to get the job.
2. I was ....... tired ......... hungry when I got back home from a long journey.
 82

3. The two restaurants are very good. You can eat at ......... this ........... that one.
4. We were disappointed. ......... Lis ......... Robin came to our party.
Exercise 3 : Rewrite the following sentences
1. Alcohol is bad for you and so are cigarrettes.  Neither .............................................................
2. He refused to take the medicine. He hit the nurse as well.  He not only ..................................
3. Manh can't understand English or French. Manh understands .................................................
4. She spent all her money. She even borrowed some from me.  She not only ............................
5. He can speak English. He can also speak Russian.  He can speak not ......................................
Exercise for Revision:
Chän tõ hoÆc côm tõ ®óng trong sè a,b,c ho¨c d ( Cã thÓ cã h¬n mét ®¸p ¸n ®óng)
1/ ........ we got lost driving into the city, we were late for the meeting.
a. Since b. Because c. Consequently d. For
2/ I couldn't repair my bicycle, .......... I didn't have the right tools.
a. so b. for c. because of d. therefore
3/ Two of the factories in my town have closed. ............., unemployment is high.
a. Consequently b. Because c. So that d. Furthermore
4/ ........... I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early.
a. For b. Since c. Due to d. Therefore
5/ The fire raged out of control. It got ............ bad that more firefighters had to be called in.
a. such b. therefore c. so d. as
6/ ......... the flood has receded, people can move back into their homes.
a. Therefore b. Since c. So d. Although
7/ Mr Watson retired from his job early .......... his ill health.
a. because b. due to c. despite d. for
8/ Bill's favourite programme was on. He reached to turn on the TV ......... he could watch it.
a. because of b. therefore c. so that d. for
8/ She bought the book .......... she had heard it was good.
a. because b. so c. because of d. consequently
9/ John couldn't open the door ........... the lock was broken.
a. because of b. therefore c. so d. due to the fact that
10/ The workers have gone on strike. ............, all production has ceased.
a. Because b. Despite c. Consequently d. What’s more
11/ Let's ask our teacher how to solve this problem ......... we can't agree on the answer.
a. since b. because of c. consequently d. as long as
12/ The price of airline tickets has gone down recently. .......... the tickets cost less , more people are flying
than before.
a. Consequently b. Because of c. Because d. For
13/ ........... Paul brings the money for our lunch, we'll go right down to the cafeteria.
a. Since b. As soon as c. Now that d. Until
14/ My mouth is burning ! This is ....... spicy food that I don't think I can finish it.
 83

a. such b. so c. very d. too

15/ ......... my daughter reaches the age of sixteen, she will be able to drive.
a. Having b. Since c. Once d. Because
16/ ......... it's warm and sunny today, why don't we go to the park ?
a. Therefore b. Due to c. As long as d. As
17/ It was raining ........... I couldn't go out.
a. because b. so hard that c. so that d. too hard that
18/ ........ the need to finish this project soon, I want you to work on this overtime for the next few days.
a. Because b. So that c. Because of d. Therefore
19/ ...... the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer.
a. Due to b. Even if c. Provided that d. Unless
20. ........ excellent art museums, Moscow has a world-famous ballet.
a. Because of b. In spite of c. In case of d. In addition to
21/ It is still a good idea to know how to type. ......... the many technological advances in typerwriters and
word processors, a skilled operator remains indispensable.
a. In spite of b. Because of c. Though d. So
22/ Alex can't express himself clearly and correctly in writing. He'll never advance in his job .......... he
improves his language skills.
a. otherwise b. if c. only if d. unless
23/ ........ there was no electricity, I was able to read because I had a candle.
a. Unless b. Even though c. Even d. Only if
25/ I studied Spanish for 4 years in high school. ........., I had trouble talking with people when I was travelling
in Spain.
a. Therefore b. On the other hand c. Moreover d. Nevertheless
26/ I like to keep the window open at night no matter how cold it gets. My wife, ..........., prefers a warm
bedroom with all windows tightly shut.
a. but b. consequently c. on the other hand d. moreover
27/ ........ Jason became famous, he has ignored his old friends. He shouldn't do that.
a. If b. Ever since c. Even though d. Due to
28/ We're going to lose this game ........ the team doesn't start playing better soon.
a. if b. unless c. although d. whereas
29/ My two children are cooking dinner for the family for the first time tonight. ............ the food is terrible,
I'm going to enjoy this meal very much. It will be fun to have them cook for me for a change.
a. Only if b. If c. Even if d. Provided that
30. Florida is famous for its tourist attractions. Its coastline offers excellent white sand beaches. ........... , it
has warm, sunny weather.
a. Otherwise b. Furthermore c. Nevertheless d. On the other hand
31/ The flowers will soon start to bloom .......... winter is gone and the weather is beginning to get warmer.
a. even if b. now that c. so d. even though
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32/ Some English words have the same pronunciation ........ they are spelled differently, for example, dear
and deer.
a. unless b. even though c. since d. only if
33/ .......... want to take a train trip across western Canada, but my travelling companion wants to fly to
Mexico city for our vacation.
a. Although I b. Even if c. I d. Nevertheless I
34/ The bread was old and stale, .......... Martha ate it anyway.
a. and b. so c. besides d. but
35/ Harry left early ................ not to miss the train.
a. for b. despite c. so as d so that
36/ You should have an early night, ........... you don't feel tired.
a. so as b. so that c. in order to d. because
37/ I like fish, .............. I don't like catching them myself.
a. although b. so c. but d. whereas
38/ I'm going to buy a computer .............. I haven't got enough money.
a. even though b. because c. while d. so that
39/ .......... not being able to speak Dutch, Bob decided to settle in Amsterdam.
a. In spite of b. Although c. For d. However
40/ .......... John has done well in France, his brother has done badly.
a. Though b. While c. Besides d. As
41/ ......... to look taller, Madeline wears high heels.
a. So that b. Since c. In order d. Therefore
Revision 3
I/ Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form
1/ At four o’clock last Tuesday afternoon we (fly) over Paris.
2/ I (come) from Scotland, though I (live) in London just now.
3/ What would you do if he (resign ) tomorrow ?
4/ The child’s arm was swollen because he (sting) by a bee.
5/ I (try) ( learn) by heart this text for half an hour, but I haven’t succeeded yet.
6/ When he came, I just (finish) (type) the report.
7/ She says Titanic is the best film she (see).
8/ He (look) fatter now than some days ago.
9/ The computer is small enough (keep) in your pocket.
10/ A new bridge (build) over the river next year.
11/ We (visit) the museum when the fire started.
12/ Why didn’t you phone me ? If I (know) you were ill, I (come) to see you.
13/ The house is much smaller than we (think) at first.
14/ There was a cold wind (blow) in our faces when we were in the field.
15/ I introduced her to my brother as they (not meet) before.
16/ I don’t like (ask) a lot of questions when I take oral examinations.
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II/ Choose A, B, C or D to fill in the blank

1/ Most people spend .............. they earn each month.
a. as much as b. as many as c. little than d. not much as
2/ If a country ............ no rain for a long time, this dry period ............ a drought.
a. has had/ is b. has / is called c. had / called d. had/ would be
3/ Teachers may be .................... large class and may not know how to get the best results from small classes.
a. used to teaching b. used to work c. using to teach d. used teaching
4/ A lot of humour depends on the use of words ........ sound the same but have different meanings.
a. where b. what c. which d. whose
5. The train ............. when I arrived at the station.
a. has already left b. had already left c. already left d. is leaving
6. My granfather was a very good footballer. He ............. a professional if he had wanted to.
a. could be b. was able to c. could have been d. can have been
7. It isn’t cold outside. You ............. wear a coat.
a. mustn’t b. can c. needn’t d. cannot
8/ I’m afraid you are not ............. to take your driving test.
a. old enough b. too old c. very old d. enough old
9/ The house ............. Shakespeare was born in, is open to the public.
a. where b. which c. that d. whom
10/ It is at least a month since ............. John.
a. I last seeing b. I have last seen c. I last see d. I last saw
11/ The police ............. for two men who ............. getting into a black car near the bank at about one o’clock
last night.
a. are looking / saw b. are looking / were seen c. have looked / saw d. had looked/ were seen
13/ The restaurant was full, ............. is why we had to go somewhere else for dinner.
a. which b. what c. where d. that
14/ Mary, ............. children couldn’t swim, said that there should be a notice up warning people.
a. whose b. whom c. who d. which
15/ He'll never pass his driving test .............. he takes some lessons.
A. unless B. if only C. provided D. if
16/ I'll hand over all my files to my assistance before I ....
A. am leaving B. leave C.will leave D. shall leave
17/ We lost the game. If you ........... for us, we ..........
A.play/will win B. played/should win C. had played/ should have won D.had played/ should win
18/ Don't worry about it. You ........ told if there is a change of plan.
A. be B. will C. have been D. will be
19/ If you ....... any other plans, why ........... we spend a weekend together ?
A. didn't make/ wouldn't B. don't make/ don't C. won't make/ won't D. hadn't made/ didn't
III/ Rewrite the following sentences
1/ I would have lent you some money if I had known you were broke.  Had I ...........................
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2/ What would you do if there was an earthquake ?  Supposing ...................................................

3/ I might be late. If so, start without me.  If I ............................................................................
4/ The fire was brought under control thanks to the night-watchman.  If it ...................................
5/ Dick is in prison because a detective recognized him.  If a detective .......................................
6/ It's a pity your parents can't be here.  If only............................................................................
7/ If Jane hadn't refused to work overtime, she would have got promotion. If it .......................
8/ If you want my advice, I'd think twice about buying a car like that.  If I ................................
9/ If the painting is finished by Saturday, we'll pay you extra.  Finish ........................................
10/ Provided your voice is audible, the audience will get the point of this scene.
 As long as .....................................................................................................................................
11/ If you refuse to stop eating sweets, you can't expect to loose weight easily.
 If you ..........................................................................................................................................
12/ Without your help, I wouldn't have found the house.  If you .................................................
13/ Getting up early makes me feel hungry.  If I ............................................................................
14/ It would be nice to be able to fly.  I wish .................................................................................
15/ I wish I hadn't heard that.  I'd rather .........................................................................................
16/ Why do you have to complain all the time ?  I wish ................................................................
17/ I regret not buying some tickets for the concert. I wish ...........................................................
18/ Unfortunately, I've got to work late tonight.  I wish.................................................................
19/ You should really start your work now.  It's time ....................................................................
20/ The children should be in class now.  It's time ........................................................................
21/ If I were you, I'd take up jogging.  I think ..............................................................................
22/ As I didn't know all the facts, I didn't ring the police. If ........................................................
23/ He can't get the job because he isn't good at English.  If ........................................................
24/ I regret not paying much attention to the lecture.  I wish .......................................................
25/ If it doesn't rain, he will pick her up at 9 a.m.  Unless .............................................................
26/ She can't do the sum because it is difficult.  Were ..................................................................
27/ I'm sorry now that I didn't tell you the truth.  I wish ...............................................................
28/ He lost his money simply because he wasn’t careful.  If he......................................................
29/ It wasn’t easy to persuade her to come.  There was some difficulty.........................................
30/ The last time I played tennis was 10 years ago.  I ...................................................................
31/ It’s high time you put a stop to this nonsense.
 It’s high time this nonsense........................................................................................................
32/ Harry didn’t steal the jewels because he didn’t know where the key to the safe was.
 Harry can’t ...............................................................................................................................
33/ She prefers reading books to watching TV.  She would ........................................................
34/ The exam was so difficult that I couldn’t finish it.  It was ......................................................
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35/ If the customers hadn’t complained, nothing would have been done.  Had ............................
36/ I have taken careful notes of their complaints.  Their complaints .....................................
37/ People think Columbus found America before others.  Columbus ..........................................
38/ I wish I hadn’t told her about the plan.  I regret ..................................................................
39/ The dictionary was so expensive that I didn’t buy it.  The dictionary ....................................
40/ Who wrote this letter ?  Whom ...............................................................................................
41/ They saw her pick up the wallet.  She ....................................................................................
42/ We suggested banning smoking in the meeting this afternoon.  We suggested.......................
43/ She wanted nothing except people left her in peace.  She wanted ..........................................
44/ We don’t allow customers to smoke here.  Customers ...........................................................
45/ You don’t have to bring the camera here tonight.  The camera ..............................................
56/ Although John’s father is the director of the company, he couldn’t get the job.
 Despite ........................................................................................................................................
IV/ Choose the correct answer
1/ The use of credit cards instead of cash (have/has) been on the rise.
2/ One can do what one (likes/like) here.
3/ The man was thought to (have accepted/ be accepted) a bribe.
4/ I’ve never smoked in my life and I’m not about to start (now/again)
5/ If you haven’t been to Dalat, you (ought to go / would have gone) there.
6/ - Are you sure you locked the back door ?
- Yes, I clearly remember (to lock/ locking) it.
V/ Make questions for the phrases in italics
1/ Lan types very quickly.
2/ I’ve been here since last Tuesday.
3/ David used to work hard all days at the university library.
4/ When I arrived, people were queuing outside the cinema.
VI/ Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
1/ I’ve got three brothers, none of them are married.
2/ Now that the stress of examinations and interviews are over, we can go somewhere for our holiday.
3/ Do you think that the Canadian standard of living is still higher than most of the other countries in the
world ?
4/ I can’t stand to laugh when my teacher tells funny stories.
5/ I wish I can fly like a bird.
6/ You will not pass the coming exam unless you don't work hard.
7/ Our beautiful forests will destroy if we do nothing to preserve them.
8/ Would you mind if I open the window ?

Determiners and Quantifiers

1. Much
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* Much + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc

Eg : - is there much information about this matter ?
- Have you got much homework to do ?
* Much cã thÓ ®-îc dïng nh- ®¹i tõ (®øng mét m×nh)
Eg : - Much must be done now.( Cã nhiÒu viÖc cÇn ph¶i lµm b©y giê)
* Much cã thÓ ®-îc dïng víi so , too
Eg : - I've got so / too much work.
2. Many
* Many + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu
Eg : - There are many people at the party.
* Many ®-îc sö dông tr-íc danh tõ ch-a x¸c ®Þnh.
* Many of ®-îc sö dông tr-íc danh tõ ®· x¸c ®Þnh.
Eg : - Many people / Many friends : NhiÒu ng-êi, nhiÒu b¹n.
- Many of the people/ my friends : NhiÒu trong sè nh÷ng ng-êi ®ã/ nhiÒu trong sè b¹n t«i.
3. A lot / lots/ plenty of + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu / danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc
Eg : We've got / lots / plenty/ a lot of friends.
Eg : - There is a lot / lots of time for us.
4. A large amount of + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc ( Mét sè l-îng lín)
Eg : - A large amount of food was bought.
5. A large number of + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu ( Mét sè l-îng lín)
Eg : - A large number of students
6. A great deal + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc
Eg : A great deal of time ( RÊt nhiÒu thêi gian)
7. All (of) : tÊt c¶ dïng ®-îc víi dtõ ®Õm ®-îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc
Eg : - All of my brothers, All the students, All the time .......
* All cã thÓ ®øng mét m×nh kh«ng cã danh tõ
Eg : - All he wants to do is going on holiday. ( TÊt c¶ nh÷ng g× anh ta muèn lµm lµ ®i nghØ)
8. few + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu : RÊt Ýt
Eg : - There are few guests at the party.
9. A few danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu : Mét sè
Eg : - There are a few of customers.
10. Little + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc : RÊt Ýt
Eg : - There is little cheese.
11. A little + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc : Mét chót
12. Most ( hÇu hÕt)
Eg : - Most tourists don't visit that village.
* Most of the / this/ these/ my/ her ...
Eg : - Most of the people / my friends
* Most of the people = Almost all the people = Nearly all the people
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13. No - None ( Kh«ng g×)

* No + danh tõ
* None : ®øng mét m×nh
Eg : - There is no money in my bag. = There isn't any money in my bag.
- All the seats have been taken. There are none left. ( TÊt c¶ ghÕ ®· hÕt. Kh«ng cßn sãt c¸i nµo c¶)
- "How many houses have you got ?" - "None."
* None of them / us ...... : kh«ng ai trong sè hä, chóng t«i ....
None of the players : kh«ng ai trong sè c¸c cÇu thñ
Sau none of + danh tõ sè nhiÒu ta cã thÓ sö dông ®éng tõ sè Ýt hoÆc sè nhiÒu
Eg : - None of the players were / was ...
* Sau No one/ nobody ta cã thÓ sö dông they, them, their
Eg : - Nobody did their homework.( Kh«ng ai lµm bµi tËp cña m×nh)
- Nobody wants to go, do they ? ( Kh«ng ai muèn ®i cã ph¶i kh«ng ?)
14. Both of ( C¶ 2 trong sè 2 ng-êi / vËt)
Eg : - Both of them are good.
15. Neither of Kh«ng ai trong sè 2 ng-êi / vËt
Sau neither of dïng ®éng tõ sè Ýt
Eg : - Neither of the children wants to go.( Kh«ng ®øa nµo trong sè 2 ®øa trÎ muèn ®i)
Exercise 1 : Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. There is one mistake in every sentence
1. He has a few dear friends here. Nobody comes to see him when he is ill.
2. Almost of the trees in this plantation have had to be cut down and burned.
3. Most of his life were spent in travelling.
4. It was a public holiday, so there weren't no shops open.
5. We took a few photographs but no of them were very good.
6. The police searched the house and found a large number of money.
7. We'll have to hurry. We have a little time.
8. A number of reporters was at the conference yesterday.
9. The number of students who have withdrawn from this quarter are appalling.
10. Nobody is tired, aren't they ?
Exercise 2 : §iÒn giíi tõ of vµo chç trèng khi cÇn thiÕt
1. All ........ cars have wheels.
2. Some ........ the people I met at the party were interesting.
3. I have lived in London for most .......... my life.
4. Are any .......... those letters for me ?
5. Jim thinks that all .............. museums are boring.
6. None ........ this money is mine.
Exercise 3 :/ §iÒn much, a few, little ..... vµo chç trèng
1. We didn't have ............. time.
2. He isn't very popular. He has ......... friends.
3. The museum was very crowded. There were too ............ people.
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4. Most of the town is modern. There are .............. old buildings.

5. The weather has been very bad recently. We've had .......... rain.
6. Do you mind if I ask you ............ questions ?
Too- So - Either - Neither
1. Too ( Còng thÕ - Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh )
- I like music and she does too. ( T«i thÝch ©m nh¹c vµ c« Êy còng thÕ)
- We are bored and they are too.
2. So ( Còng thÕ - Dïng trong c©u kh¼ng ®Þnh)
- I like music and so does my brother.( T«i thÝch ©m nh¹c vµ anh trai t«i còng thÕ)
- She works in Hanoi and so does her husband.
- I went to the zoo last Sunday and so did my cousin.
- Hai is happy and so are his friends.
3. Either ( Còng thÕ - Dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh )
- I don't want to go out and they don't either.
- They aren't satisfied and we aren't either.
4. Neither ( Còng kh«ng)
- I don't want to go out and neither do they.( T«i kh«ng muèn ®i ch¬i vµ hä còng kh«ng)
- Mai can't speak French and neither can Nam.
Exercise 1: Lùa chän ®¸p ¸n ®óng
1. John went to the mountains for his holiday, and ....
A. so did we B. so didn't we C. we didn't too D. we didn't so
2. His telephone doesn't work and mine doesn't ........
A. too B. neither C. so D. either
3. ....... of Tom's parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.
A. None B.Any C. Both D. Neither
4. I don't like tests.
A.Neither do I B. Neither I do C. Neither I don't D.Neither I like them
5. ....... the poisonous waste from the chemical factories flowed into the river and polluted it.
A. Most B. Most of C. Lot of D. A little
6. Teacher: I'm tired.
Students: ........................
a. Neither is we b. So are we c. So are you d. So am I
7. Maggie: I love rice.
Normy: ...........................
a. I don't b. So do I c. I do d. Neither do I
8. Elly: I'd like to visit The Greek Islands.
Robby: .................................
a. So had I b. So would I c. Neither would I d. Neither had I
9. Polly: I went to the cinema on Saturday.
Pammy: What a coincidence. ____________.
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a. So was I b. So do I c. So did I d. So went I

10. Mary: I'm not going out tonight.
Shelly: .................................
a. So do I b. I'm not c. Neither am I d. So am I

Subject - Verb Agreement

(Sù hßa hîp gi÷a chñ ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ)
1. Along with, With , together with
Eg : - Nam, along with his friends, is preparing for the exam.
- §éng tõ chia theo danh tõ, ®¹i tõ ®øng tr-íc.
2. Neither ..... nor .....(Kh«ng ng-êi nµy vµ còng kh«ng ng-êi kia)
Eg : - Neither her sisters nor Daisy wants to do.
§éng tõ chia theo danh tõ, ®¹i tõ ®øng sau
3. Either ... or ....(HoÆc ng-êi nµy hoÆc ng-êi kia)
Eg : - Either you or he has to do this.
- §éng tõ chia theo danh tõ, ®¹i tõ ®øng sau
4. Both ....and ....(C¶ hai)
- §éng tõ chia sè nhiÒu.
Eg : - Both she and I are going to apply for the job.
5. As well as (còng nh-)
Eg : - The teacher, as well as the students , is goingto the concert.
- §éng tõ chia theo danh tõ, ®¹i tõ ®øng tr-íc.
6. Somebody, something, everybody, everything , nobody ...
- §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.
Eg : - Everyone likes his voice.
7. Each, every + danh tõ sè Ýt
Eg : - Each student does his assignment.
§éng tõ chia sè Ýt.
8. Neither of .....(Kh«ng trong sè 2 ng-êi/vËt)
Eg : - Neither of my brothers is at work today.
- §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.
9. All, some , several, few , most + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu + ®éng tõ sè nhiÒu
Eg : - Most of the students are preparing for their holiday.
10. All, some, most + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc + ®éng tõ sè Ýt.
Eg : - All the money lost has been found.
- Most of the information is useless.
11. A number of + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu + ®éng tõ sè nhiÒu
The number of + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu + ®éng tõ sè Ýt
A variety of danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu + ®éng tõ sè nhiÒu
Eg : - A number of customers go to our shop everyday.
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- The number of students attending evening classes is big.

12. A lot of + danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc sè nhiÒu + ®éng tõ sè nhiÒu
- A lot of + danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc + ®éng tõ sè Ýt.
Eg : - A lot of people are waiting outside.
- A lot of money was stolen from the shop.
13. Two years, twenty dollars ... + §éng tõ chia sè Ýt.
Eg : - Two years is a short time in a person's life.
14. The rich, the old ....§éng tõ chia sè nhiÒu.
Eg : - The old are many in this town.
15. Mét sè danh tõ lu«n ë d¹ng sè nhiÒu
Eg : - police, people, cattle, earnings, savings, goods, clothes ... ®i víi ®éng tõ sè nhiÒu.
Eg : - The police are looking for the murder.
16. Danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc
Eg : information (th«ng tin), money, luggage (hµnh lý), experience, news, furniture ( ®å ®¹c), advice,
housework, homework
* §i víi ®éng tõ sè Ýt.
Eg : - Their advice was useful.
17. Mét sè danh tõ cã d¹ng sè Ýt vµ sè nhiÒu gièng nhau
Eg : fish, means, series, species...
§i víi ®éng tõ sè Ýt hay nhiÒu phô thuéc vµo danh tõ ®»ng tr-íc.
Eg : - Lorry is a means of transport.
- Many species of animals are disappearing.
18. Mét sè danh tõ kÕt thóc lµ s nh-ng lµ danh tõ sè Ýt
economics, physics, politics, AIDS, news ...
Eg : - The news was shocking.
19. Chñ ng÷ lµ danh ®éng tõ ®i víi ®éng tõ sè Ýt
Eg : - Writing many letters makes her happy.
Exercise: Choose the correct form of the verb in parentheses in the following sentences.
1. John, along with twenty friends, (is/are) planning a party.
2. The picture of the soldiers (bring/brings) back many memories.
3. The quality of these recordings (is/are) not very good.
4. If the duties of these officers (is/are) not reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the project.
5. The effect of cigarrette smoking (have/has) been proven to be extremely harmful.
6. The use of credit cards in place of cash (has/have) increased rapidly in recent years.
7. Advertisements on television (is/are) more competitive than ever before.
8. Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, (is/are) at an all-time high.
9. Mr John, accompanied by several members of the committee, (have/has) proposed some changes of the
rules.
10. The levels of intoxication (vary/varies) from subject to subject.
11. Neither Bill nor Mary (is/are) going to the play tonight.
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12. Anything (is/are) better than going to another movie tonight.

13. Skating (is/are) becoming more popular everyday.
14. A number of reporters (was/were) at the conference yesterday.
15. Everybody who (has/have) fever must go home immediately.
16. Your glasses (was/were) on the bureau last night.
17. A pair of jeans (was/were) in the washing machine this morning.
18. Each pupil (has/have) answered the first three questions.
19. Either John or his wife (makes/make) breakfast each morning.
20. After she had perused the material, the secretary decided that everything (was/were) in order.
21. The crowd at the basketball game (was/were) wild with excitement.
22/ The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (is/are) appalling.
Qu¸n tõ (A, An, The)
I/ The ( Qu¸n tõ x¸c ®Þnh)
1/ The ®-îc sö dông víi danh tõ ®-îc nh¾c l¹i lÇn thø 2 :
- There's a man behind me. The man is old. ( Mét ng-êi ®µn «ng ë sau t«i. ¤ng ta giµ råi)
2/ The ®-îc sö dông víi vËt, thø mµ c¶ ng-êi nghe vµ ng-êi nãi ®Òu biÕt :
- There's a chair in the sitting-room.
3/ The ®-îc sö dông víi tõ x¸c ®Þnh chø kh«ng ph¶i nãi chung :
- I love the people I'm working with.
T«i quÝ nh÷ng ng-êi mµ t«i lµm cïng.
4/ The ®-îc sö dông vËt, thø duy nhÊt :
- the earth, the sun, the moon, the only one, the smallest house (so s¸nh nhÊt)
5/ The + adj ( ChØ mét nhãm ng-êi) + §éng tõ sè nhiÒu :
- The rich ( ng-êi giµu), the poor, the unemployed, the homeless ( ng-êi v« gia c-), the old ....
6/ The ®-îc sö dông víi s«ng biÓn, ®¹i d-¬ng :
- The Red Sea, The River Thames, the Atlantic Ocean
7/ The ®-îc sö dông víi n-íc cã ®u«i sè nhiÒu s :
- The Philipines, The Netherlands, The United States.
8/ The ®-îc sö dông víi tõ chØ quèc tÞch :
- The French ( ng-êi Ph¸p), The English, the Vietnamese + §éng tõ sè nhiÒu
9/ The Browns ... : Gia ®×nh nhµ Brown ...
10/ The th-êng ®i víi :
The ground (®Êt), the source (nguån) , the root (céi rÔ), the cinema, the theatre, the radio, the truth, the police,
the same, play the piano, play the guitar ...
- I can't play the guitar. ( T«i kh«ng biÕt ch¬i ghi ta)
- I don't have a guitar. (T«i kh«ng cã ghi ta)
12/ The first, the second, the last ......
13/ Côm tõ cè ®Þnh kh«ng dïng the:
- at home, at work, go to bed, in bed, at school, go to hospital, go to school, watch TV, in nature
14/ Nh÷ng tr-êng hîp kh«ng dïng the :
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- Kh«ng dïng the víi hå : West Lake

- Kh«ng dïng the víi breakfast, lunch, dinner
- Kh«ng dïng the víi Room 5, page 12 ....
- Kh«ng dïng the víi ®Þa danh g¾n víi tªn ng-êi : Le Van Tam Park, Camden Town
II/ A, An
- An ®-îc sö dông tr-íc danh tõ b¾t ®Çu lµ nguyªn ©m (Sau khi ®· phiªn ©m)
Eg: - a university , a one-eyed man, an onion
- A ®-îc sö dông tr-íc danh tõ b¾t ®Çu lµ phô ©m : a hat, a pen .....
- A, an ®-îc sö dông tr-íc danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc nh¾c tíi lÇn ®Çu :
There's a chair in the sitting-room. The chair is nice.
A kh«ng dïng víi breakfast, lunch, dinner (nh-ng ta nãi : a good breakfast)
Nh÷ng côm cè ®Þnh kh«ng dïng víi a, an : on holiday, by car, do business, on business, on purpose (cã môc
®Ých)
Exercise: §iÒn a, an , the vµo chç trèng nÕu cÇn
1/ I saw ....... accident this morning. ...... car crashed into .... tree. ...... driver of ..... car wasn't hurt but .... car
was badly damaged.
2/ It's ....... beautiful day. Let's sit in ....... garden.
3/ We had ....... dinner in ..... most expensive restaurant in town.
4/ Do you often listen to .... radio ?
- No, In fact, I haven't got ....... radio.
5/ I lay down on ... ground and look up at ..... sky.
6/ Mary and I arrived at .... same time.
7/ You'll find .... information you need at ...... top of ...... page.
8/ I had ...... very nice breakfast this morning
9/ Two people were injured in the accident and were taken to ...... hospital this morning.
10/ She usually goes to ....... school on ....... foot.
11/ I went to ....... school yesterday to invite ........ headmaster to the party.
12/ ....... milk is good for children.
13/ Can you pass me ..... pepper please ?
14/ I like meeting ....... people.
15/ She likes ....... people she's working with.
16/ ...... French are famous for their generosity.
17/ He is living in ....... Netherlands now.
18/ Seychelles are a group of islands in ........ Indian Ocean.
19/ There was ..... knock on .... door. I opened it and found ...... small dark man in ...... blue overcoat. He said
he was ....... employee of the gas company and had come to read ....... meter. But I had ...... suspicion that he
wasn't speaking .......
Chuyên đề 12: Word formation
I/ Mét sè c¸ch cÊu t¹o Danh tõ
* Adj + ness = Nouns
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- kind (adj)
- kindness (n) - tö tÕ
- careless (adj) - sù tö tÕ, tèt bông
- carelessness (n) - cÈu th¶
- happy (adj) - sù cÈu th¶
- happiness (n) - vui vÎ, h¹nh phóc
* Adj + dom = Nouns
- free (adj)
-freedom (n) - tù do
- bored (adj) - sù tù do
- boredom (n) - buån ch¸n
* Adj + th = Nouns : - sù buån ch¸n
- deep (adj)
- depth (n) - s©u
- wide (adj) - chiÒu s©u
- width (n) - réng
- long (adj) - chiÒu réng
- length (n)
- true (adj) - chiÒu dµi
- truth (n) - ®óng
- warm (adj) - sù thùc
- warmth (n) - Êm
* Adj + ty = Nouns : - h¬i Êm
- certain (adj)
- certainty (n) - ch¾c ch¾n
- difficult (adj) - sù ch¾c ch¾n
- difficulty (n) - khã
* Adj + ity = Nouns - khã kh¨n
- similar (adj)
- similarity (n) - gièng, t-¬ng tù
- possible (adj) - sù gièng nhau
- possibility (n) - cã lÏ, cã thÓ
* V + ion / sion / ance / ence / ent = - sù cã thÓ
Nouns
- congratulate (v)
- congratulation (n) - chóc mõng
- decide (v)
- decision (n) - lêi chóc mõng
- maintain (v) - quyÕt ®Þnh
- maintenance (n) - duy tr×
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- refer (v) - sù duy tr×

- reference (n) - tham kh¶o, ¸m chØ
- perform (v) - sù tham kh¶o
- performance (n) - biÓu diÔn
- entertain (v) - sù biÓu diÔn
- entertainment (n) - gi¶i trÝ
- encourage (v)
- encouragement (n) - khuyÕn khÝch
- arrange (v) - sù khuyÕn khÝch
- arrangement (n) - s¾p xÕp
- inspire (v) - sù s¾p xÕp
- inspiration (n) - g©y c¶m høng
* V + er / or = Nouns - c¶m høng
- sing (v)
- singer (n) - h¸t
- perform (v) - ca sÜ
- performer (n) - biÓu diÔn
- act (v) - ng-êi biÓu diÔn
- actor (n) - diÔn, hµnh ®éng
- invent (v) - diÔn viªn
- inventor (n) - ph¸t minh
* Mét sè danh tõ chØ ng-êi cã ®u«i ist, - ng-êi ph¸t minh
ian
- science
- sicientist (n) - khoa häc
- physics -nhµ khoa häc
- physicist (n) - m«n vËt lý
- chemistry - nhµ vËt lý
- chemist (n) - m«n hãa häc
- environment - nhµ hãa häc
- environmentalist - m«i tr-êng
- economy - nhµ h® m«i tr-êng
- economist (n) - nÒn kinh tÕ
- special - nhµ kinh tÕ häc
- specialist (n) - ®Æc biÖt
- politics - chuyªn gia
- politician (n) - chÝnh trÞ
- music - chÝnh trÞ gia
- musician (n)
- history - nh¹c sÜ
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- historian (n) - lÞch sö

* TÝnh tõ cã ®u«i "t" chuyÓn sang - nhµ sö häc
danh tõ bá "t" thªm "ce "
- important (adj)
- importance (n)
- different (adj) - quan träng
- difference (n) - tÇm quan träng
-independent (adj) - kh¸c nhau
- independence (n) - sù kh¸c nhau
- patient (adj) - ®éc lËp
- patience(n)
II/ Mét sè c¸ch cÊu t¹o TÝnh tõ - kiªn nhÉn
* Nouns + y = Adj - sù kiªn nh·n
- health (n)
- healthy (adj)
- day(n)
- daily (adj) - søc kháe
- week (n) - kháe m¹nh
- weekly (adj)
- sun (n) - hµng ngµy
- sunny (adj)
- rain (n) - hµng tuÇn
- rainy (adj)
- luck (n) - cã n¾ng
- lucky (adj)
- friend (n) - cã m-a
- friendly (adj) - vËn may
* Nouns + ful = Adj - may m¾n
- care (n) - b¹n bÌ
- careful (adj) - th©n thiÖn
- beauty (n)
- beautiful (adj) - quan t©m
- success (n) - cÈn thËn
- successful (adj) - vÎ ®Ñp
- meaning (n) - ®Ñp
- meaningful (adj) - sù thµnh c«ng
- faith (n) - thµnh c«ng
- faithful(adj) - nghÜa
*Nouns + less = Adj - cã nghÜa
-care (n) - sù chung thñy
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- careless(adj) - chung thñy

- end (n)
- endless (adj)
- sleep (n) - cÈu th¶
- sleepless(adj)
* Nouns + al = Adj - bÊt tËn
- nation (n)
- national (adj) - mÊt ngñ
- office (n)
- official (adj) - quèc gia
- nature(n) - thuéc vÒ quèc gia
- natural (adj)
- experiment (n) - chÝnh thøc
- experimental (adj) - thiªn nhiªn
- tradition(n) - thuéc vÒtù nhiªn
- traditional (adj) - thÝ nghiÖm
- profession(n) - thö nghiÖm
- professional (adj) - truyÒn thèng
- exception(n) - cã tÝnh truyÒn thèng
- exceptional (adj) - nghÒ nghiÖp
*Nouns / Verbs + able = Adj - chuyªn nghiÖp
- comfort (n) - ngo¹i trõ, ngo¹i lÖ
- comfortable (adj) - kh¸c th-êng , hiÕm cã
- suit (v)
- suitable (adj) - tiÖn nghi
- rely (v) - tiÖn nghi, tho¶i m¸i
- reliable (adj) - phï hîp
- believe (v) - phï hîp
- believable (adj) - phô thuéc, tr«ng cËy
- recognize (v) - cã thÓ tin cËy
- recognizable (adj) - tin t-ëng
- enjoy(v) - cã thÓ tin ®-îc
- enjoyable (adj) - nhËn ra
* V + ive = Adj - cã thÓ nhËn ra
- create (v) - thÝch
- creative (adj) - thÝch , thó vÞ
- imagine (v)
- imaginative (adj) - t¹o ra
- impress (v) - s¸ng t¹o
- impressive (adj) - t-ëng t-îng
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- attract (v) - cã ®Çu ãc t-ëng t-îng

- attractive (adj) - g©y Ên t-îng
- decide(v) - cã Ên t-îng
- decisive (adj) - thu hót
* V + ed = Adj - hÊp dÉn
- bore (v) - quyÕt ®Þnh
- bored - cã tÝnh quyÕt ®Þnh
- surprise (v)
- surprised (adj) - g©y buån ch¸n
- interest (v) - buån ch¸n
- interested (adj) - g©y ng¹c nhiªn
* TÝnh tõ ®u«i ing vµ ®u«i ed - bÞ ng¹c nhiªn
- He's very bored. - g©y høng thó
- She is very boring. - thÝch thó

- The film is very boring.

* Mét sè c¸ch biÕn ®æi tõ tÝnh tõ sang - Anh ta ®ang buån ch¸n
tÝnh tõ ng-îc nghÜa - C« ta lµ con ng-êi ch¸n ng¾t.
- dis : - Bé phim rÊt ch¸n.
- honest - dishonest
- satisfied - dissatisfied
- il :
- logical - illogical
- legal - illegal - trung thùc - kh«ng
- Im : - hµi lßng, tháa m·n - kh«ng
- possible - impossible - l« gÝc - phi l« gÝc
- polite - impolite - hîp ph¸p - bÊt hîp ph¸p
- patient - impatient - cã thÓ - kh«ng thÓ
- in : - lÞch sù - bÊt lÞch sù
- capable - incapable - kiªn nhÉn - thiÕu kiªn nhÉn
- active - inactive - cã kh¶ n¨ng - kh«ng
- tÝch cùc, ®ang häat ®éng - kh«ng
- correct - incorrect - ®óng - kh«ng ®óng
- accurate - inaccurate - chÝnh x¸c - kh«ng
- Ir :
- responsible - irresponsible - cã tr¸ch nhiÖm - v«
- un :
- fair - unfair
- happy - unhappy
-necessary - unnecessary - c«ng b»ng - kh«ng
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-important - unimportant - vui - bÊt h¹nh

- able - unable - cÇn thiÕt - kh«ng
- healthy - unhealthy - quan träng - kh«ng
- reliable - unreliable - cã kh¶ n¨ng - kh«ng
- friendly - unfriendly - kháe - kh«ng
III/ Mét sè c¸ch cÊu t¹o ®éng tõ - cã thÓ tin cËy - kh«ng
* Adj + en = V - th©n thiÖn - kh«ng
- short (adj)
- shorten (v)
- deep (adj)
- deepen (v) - ng¾n
- wide (adj) - lµm ng¾n l¹i
- widen (v) - s©u
- tight (adj) - lµm s©u thªm
- tighten (v) - réng
- ripe (adj) - më réng
- ripen (v) - chÆt
* Nouns + en = V - th¾t chÆt
- length (n) - chÝn
- lengthen (v)
- strength (n)
- strengthen (v) - chiÒu dµi
* En + Noun / Adj =V - lµm dµi ra
- rich (adj) - søc m¹nh
- enrich (v) - t¨ng c-êng
- large (adj)
- enlarge (v) - giµu
- courage (n) - lµm giµu
- encourage (v) - réng
- danger (n) - më réng
- endanger (v) - sù dòng c¶m
- able (adj) - khuyÕn khÝch, khÝch lÖ
- enable (v) - nguy hiÓm
* Adj / Noun + ize =V - g©y nguy hiÓm
- industrial (adj) - cã kh¶ n¨ng
- industrialize (v) - t¹o kh¶ n¨ng
- modern (adj)
- modernize (v) - c«ng nghiÖp
- revolution (n) - c«ngnghiÖp hãa
- revolutionize (v) - hiÖn ®¹i
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- hiÖn ®¹i hãa

- c¸ch m¹ng
- c¸ch m¹ng hãa

Mét sè c¸ch nhËn biÕt tõ lo¹i trong c©u

1. C¸ch nhËn biÕt danh tõ
a. Danh tõ lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u
Eg : Unemployment is one of the biggest problems in our country.
( N¹n thÊt nghiÖp lµ mét trong nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò lín ë ®Êt n-íc chóng ta)
b. Danh tõ lµm bæ ng÷ cña ®éng tõ ( ®øng sau ®éng tõ)
Eg : He likes music.
c. Danh tõ lµm bæ ng÷ cña giíi tõ ( ®øng sau giíi tõ)
Eg : This room is for men.
d. Danh tõ ®øng sau a, an , the
Eg : Cambell wants to become an engineer.
e. Danh tõ ®øng sau to be
Eg : What I need now is money.
2. C¸ch nhËn biÕt tÝnh tõ
a. TÝnh tõ ®øng tr-íc danh tõ
Eg : Switzerland is a rich country.
b. TÝnh tõ ®øng sau to be vµ mét sè ®éng tõ get, look, feel, sound, taste, smell, become ...
Eg : Switzerland is rich.
3. C¸ch nhËn biÕt tr¹ng tõ
a. Tr¹ng tõ bæ nghÜa cho ®éng tõ th-êng
Eg : She writes carefully.
b. Tr¹ng tõ ®øng tr-íc tÝnh tõ vµ bæ nghÜa cho tÝnh tõ
Eg : He is terribly mean.( H¾n ta cùc kú keo kiÖt)
c. Tr¹ng tõ ®øng ë ®Çu c©u : Naturally, children like sweets. ( TrÎ em thÝch kÑo lµ lÏ tù nhiªn)
Exercise 1: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña tõ trong ngoÆc
1/ The work is still at a very (experiment) level
2/ It's very (health) to live in a damp room.
3/ He's promised to come but he's very (rely)
4/ She has an (impress) command of the language.
5/ As she is so (satisfaction) with her her present job, she has decided to leave.
6/ The new film is (exception) good.
7/ You need a lot of (patient) to become a teacher.
8/ Do you have a (nation) costume in your country ?
9/ The (perform) she gave last night was marvellous.
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10/ Does this (arrange) suit you ?

11/ Conversation is one of the most enjoyable forms of (entertain)
12/ The judge told him it was (responsible ) to drink and drive, and banned him for a year.
13/ The evening was (enjoy) spent playing cards and talking.
14/ The dictionaries are with the other (refer) books.
15/ Artists are (create) people.
16/ When I have to wait a long time to be served, I start to feel (patient)
17/ It has become almost a (day) topic of conversation.
18/ Churchill was not only a famous (politics) but also a respected (history)
19/ My colleagues are very pleasant, but the manager is a little (friend)
20/ He's probably the most (succeed) tennis player of all times.
21/ She looks (surprise) beautiful.
22/ Her dream is to become an (economy) like her father when she grows up.
23/ We are going to (large) our school next year.
24/ There are over 50 (music) in the orchestra.
25/ John's beginning to grow out of his jeans. I'd better (long) them for him this weekend.
Exercise 2: Cho d¹ng ®óng cña tõ trong ngoÆc
1/ You look more (beauty) in your new dress.
2/ This house is too (danger) to live in.
3/ The government has promised to deal with the problem of (employ) among young people.
4/ One of the (bad) diseases that mankind has ever had is lung cancer.
5/ I'm not used to (drive) on the left.
5/ Preserving natural resources is of great (important).
6/ Mercury's (year) journey around the sun is only 88 days.
6/ Humhry Davy helped Faraday much in his later (discover).
7/ James Watt was one of the world's greatest (invent).
8/ Darwin was the famous English (biology).
9/ Do you know Darwin's theory of (evolve).
10/ He is very (interest) in the article. It is very (interest).
12/ Nakata lives in Japan. He speaks (Japan).
13/ They come from (Spain), so they speak (Spain).
14/ Do you like (Portugal) ? It is a very interesting language.
15/ Mr Putin comes from Russia. He speaks (Russia).
16/ Many foreigners find Vietnamese very (difficulty) to learn.
17/ They are (wide) the road.
18/ (Prevent) is better than cure.
19/ (Employ) is one of the biggest (problem) in our country.
20/ Do you like (politician) ? No, I like (physicist).
21/ My sister is a (good) cook than I am.
22/ Can you drive more (slow) please ?
23/ You must be (care) when you open the door.
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24/ Ernest Hemingway was a famous (write).

25/ He is the (fat) person I've ever met.
26/ There are a lot of (attract) in the city.
27/ Thank you for your (use) advice.
28/ We have a (week) newspaper in this town.
29/ Many women are fond of (play) football.
30/ It is the English pronunciation that causes me a lot of (difficult).
31/ He made too many mistakes in his (write).
32/ An speaks English (good). He is a (good) speaker of English. His English is (good) than mine. He is one
of the (good) pupils in my class.
33/ We are (bore) with the film. It isvery (bore).
34/ His success is (surprise). We are (surprise) at it.
35/ (Importance) matches often take place at weekend.
36/ I love watching forests from the (high).
37/ We want to buy a (read) lamp.
38/ She started learning (Italy) 2 years ago.
39/ English is by far the most (wide) used.
40/ Engels was a German (philosophy).
41/ (Overeat) and physical inactivity add to the causes of these killing diseases.
42/ The old lady goes (bushwalk) everyday.
43/ That man is (help). We all like him.
44/ Many species of rare animals have already become (extinction).
45/ Air (pollute) is a serious problem nowadays.
46/ His accident is due to his (care).

Prepositions ( Giíi tõ)

1/ In
* ChØ thêi gian (Vµo)
- in summer - vµo mïa hÌ
- in 1990 - vµo n¨m 1990
- in June - vµo th¸ng 6
- in the morning -vµo buæi s¸ng
- in the afternoon
- in the future - trong t-¬ng lai
- in the past - trong qu¸ khø
- in two weeks = In two weeks' time - trong 2 tuÇn n÷a
- My exam will be in 2 weeks. - Kú thi cña t«i sÏ diÔn ra trong 2 tuÇn n÷a.
* ChØ n¬i chèn, vÞ trÝ
- in Ha noi - ë HN
- in the class - ë trong líp
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- in the river - ë trªn s«ng

- in the sky - ë trªn trêi
- in a newspaper - ë trªn b¸o
- arrive in Ha noi - ®Õn HN
- arrive at the station - ®Õn nhµ ga
* Côm tõ
- in bed - ë trªn gi-êng
- in English - b»ng tiÕng Anh
- in time for sth - kÞp thêi gian ®Ó lµm g×
- I arrived in time for the meeting - T«i ®Õn kÞp thêi gian ®Ó häp
- cuèi cïng
- in the end - lóc ®Çu
- in the beginning - nghi ngê
- in doubt - KÕt qu¶ bÞ nghi ngê
- The result was in doubt.
- In the corner of the room - ë trong gãc phßng
- get in touch with - liªn l¹c víi ai
- once in a while - occasionally
2/ At 2/ At
*ChØ thêi gian
- at 3 o'clock - vµo lóc 3 giê
- at Christmas - vµo lÔ gi¸ng sinh
- at midnight -vµo nöa ®ªm
- at dawn - vµo lóc b×nh minh
- at night - vµo ban ®ªm
- at the weekend - vµo cuèi tuÇn
- at sunset - vµo lóc hoµng h«n
- at the age of 30 - vµo ®é tuæi 30
*ChØ n¬i chèn , vÞ trÝ
- at the cinema - t¹i r¹p
- at the station - ë nhµ ga
- at the airport - ë s©n bay
- at the top of - ë ®Çu cña .....
- at the bottom of - ë cuèi cña......
- at the corner of the street - ë gãc phè
* Côm tõ
- at home - ë nhµ
- at work - ë n¬i lµm viÖc
- at present - ë hiÖn t¹i
- at the same time - cïng lóc
 105

- at the beginning of - vµo ®Çu cña.....

- at the end of - vµo cuèi cña......
- at once - ngay lËp tøc
- at least (2 weeks) - Ýt nhÊt (2 tuÇn)
- at times - sometimes
- at first - lóc ®Çu
- at last - cuèi cïng
- at a speed of 100 km an hour - víi tèc ®é .........
3/ On
* ChØ thêi gian
- on Monday - vµo thø hai
- on June 1 st - vµo ngµy
* ChØ ®Þa ®iÓm, vÞ trÝ
- on the table - ë trªn bµn
- on the third floor - ë trªn tÇng 3
- on the outskirts (of ...) - in the suburb (of...)
* Côm tõ
- on arrival / arriving - khi ®Õn
- on seeing / hearing -khi nh×n thÊy, nghe thÊy
- on the radio - trªn ®µi
- on TV - trªn TV
- on holiday - ®i nghØ
- on business - ®i c«ng t¸c
- on fire - ®ang ch¸y
- on a diet - ¨n kiªng
- on strike - ®×nh c«ng
- on purpose - cã môc ®Ých
- on the phone - trªn ®iÖn tho¹i
- She's on the phone - C« Êy ®ang nãi chuyÖn ®iÖn tho¹i
- on time - ®óng giê
The train arrived on time. - Tµu ®Õn ®óng giê
- Go on a trip to ..... - Cã chuyÕn ®i tíi
- on the whole - nh×n chung
- On the whole, I like this film. - Nh×n chung t«i thÝch bé phim nµy.
- on the way to - trªn ®-êng tíi
- on the way back - trªn ®-êng trë vÒ
- on my own = by myself - mét m×nh t«i
- on the other hand
- on sale - mÆt kh¸c
- My house is on sale - ®-îc giao b¸n
 106

* L-u ý : Kh«ng dïng on/in /at víi last/ next/ this /

every week, month...today,tomorrow, yesterday ...
4/ For and during
* For
- for 2 weeks
- for good * Dïng víi kho¶ng thêi
* During - ®-îc 2 tuÇn
- during the party, the holiday .... - forever
For * §i víi danh tõ
- He did it for me. - trong thêi gian b÷a tiÖc, kú nghØ .....
- go for my holiday - ChØ môc ®Ých
a short holiday Anh Êy lµm viÖc ®ã cho t«i.
5/ To - ®i nghØ
- come to
- get to 5/ Tíi, ®Õn
- reach the station - tíi nhµ ga
- come home - vÒ nhµ
- enter the room - vµo phßng
6/ In to 6/ Vµo trong
- come into the room - vµo phßng
- break into the house - ®ét nhËp vµo nhµ
- get ino the bus, car - lªn xe
7/ Onto 7/ Lªn trªn
- get onto the train - lªn tµu, xe
on bus
- get onto the boat - lªn thuyÒn
8/ Out of 8/Ra khái
- get out of the house - ra khái nhµ
- get out of the bus - xuèng xe buýt
off
- out of date
- out of order
-The lift is out of order - lçi thêi
- out of work - háng
- out of the question - thang m¸y bÞ háng
9/ By - thÊt nghiÖp
* ChØ thêi gian - kh«ng thÓ
- by 5 o'clock 9/ By
- by the time we come back
- by the end of this month - kho¶ng 5 giê
 107

* ChØ vÞ trÝ - cho tíi khi chóng t«i quay vÒ

- by the window - cho tíi cuèi th¸ng
- by the sea Bªn c¹nh
- He lives by the sea - c¹nh cöa sæ
* Côm tõ - bªn bê biÓn
- by car, bus, train Anh Êy sèng c¹nh bê biÓn
- by air, sea, land
- by post - b»ng tµu , xe
- by accident - b»ng ®-êng kh«ng , biÓn, bé
- by mistake - b»ng ®-êng b-u ®iÖn
- by then - t×nh cê
- by far (dïng trong c©u so s¸nh nhÊt) - nhÇm, do s¬ suÊt
10/ Along - cho tíi lóc ®ã
- Go along the street - This car is by far the best here
11/ Over - On 10/ Däc theo
- Over the river - §i däc theo phè
- A bridge over the river 11/ë trªn
- on the table - ë trªn s«ng
- on - cÇu trªn s«ng
- ë trªn bµn
- over Cã sù tiÕp gi¸p gi÷a 2 vËt

12/ Under - Below Kh«ng cã sù tiÕp gi¸p

- under the bed 12/ë d-íi
- He lives below me. - ë d-íi gÇm gi-êng
13/ Beside = Next to - Nã sèng tÇng d-íi
- beside the table 13/Bªn c¹nh
14/ Besides - c¹nh bµn
- Besides English, he is also good at French 14/Ngoµi ra
- Besides helping me to do the work, he also gave - Ngoµi tiÕng Anh, nã
me some books. cßn giái tiÕng Ph¸p- Ngoµi lµm hé t«i, nã cßn cho
15/ Between - Among t«i m-în s¸ch.
- Between A and B 15/ë gi÷a
- Among the people - Gi÷a A vµ B
16/ With - Gi÷a mäi ng-êi
- He argued with his wife. 16/Víi
- Write with a pen - ¤ng Êy c·i nhau víi vî.
- The girl with brown hair - ViÕt b»ng bót
17/ Like - As - C« g¸i tãc n©u
- He works as a doctor 17/Gièng nh-
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- I regard / consider him as my best friend - Anh Êy lµ b¸c sÜ

As - T«i coi anh Êy nh- b¹n th©n nhÊt cña m×nh
-They did as I showed. Dïng nh- liªn tõ
- as I thought
said - Hä lµm nh- t«i h-íng dÉn.
expected - Nh- t«i nghÜ
- as usual nãi
Like mong ®îi
- He is a worker like me. - nh- th«ng lÖ
- Nothing like this ever happened before. Nh-
- Some singers like / such as My Linh, wanted to - Anh Êy lµ c«ng nh©n gièng nh- t«i.
perform abroad. - Tr-íc ®©y ch-a cã chuyÖn nh- nµy x¶y ra.
18/ From to - Mét vµi ca sÜ nh- Mü Linh muèn biÓu diÔn ë n-íc
until ngoµi.
till 18/ Tõ ..... cho ®Õn
- From 2.00 to 5.00
- till
- until Tõ 2 giê ®Õn 5 giê
- He works until 6 o'clock.
- from time to time - cho tíi khi
- He visits me from time to time. - ¤ng Êy lµm viÖc cho tíi tËn 6 giê.
19/ But/ Except - thØnh tho¶ng
- Nobody but Tom knew the way. = Nobody knew - ThØnh tho¶ng anh ta th¨m t«i.
the way except Tom.
19/ Ngo¹i trõ
- Kh«ng ai ngoµi Tom biÕt ®-êng.

Exercise : §iÒn mét giíi tõ thÝch hîp vµo chç trèng nÕu cÇn
1. This tea is awful. It tastes ......... water.
2. I feel asleep ........ the film.
3. Production at the factory was seriously affected ........ the strike.
4. Sue was angry ...... me. She didn't speak to me ..... a week.
5. Fred has gone away. He'll be away ....... Monday.
6. I'll see you ........ Monday.
7. They are holding a meeting ......... next Friday.
8. Pauline got married ....... 18 May 1992.
9. Hurry up ! We've got to go ......... five minutes.
10. I don't like travelling ........ night.
11. The telephone and the door bell rang ....... the same time.
12. The bus was late this morning, but it's usually ....... time.
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13. Mr Henry is 63. He'll be retiring from his job ....... 2 years' time.
14. I'm going away ...... the end of the month.
15. It took me a long time to find a job. ........ the end I got a job in a hotel.
16. Are you going away ......... the beginning of August or ..... the end ?
17. I love to look up at the stars ....... the sky ...... night.
18. My brother lives ........ a small village ....... the South of Laos.
19. I like to get up .... time for breakfast before going to work.
20. "Where shall we sit ?" - "Over there, ......... the corner"
21. I don't know where my umbrella is. Perhaps I left ...... the bus.
22. Shall we travel ........ your car or mine ?
23. Tom is ill. He isn't ..... work today. He is .... home ...... bed.
24. I wasn't in when you phoned. I was ...... my sister's house.
25. Paul lives ....... London. He's a student ........ London University.
26. Have you ever been ....... China ?
27. We had lunch ....... the airport while we are waiting ....... our plane.
28. Welcome ......... our hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay here.
29. What time did you get ......home last night ?
30. Look! That car is ...... fire. Somebody should call the fire brigade.
31. The Earth travels around the Sun ..... a speed of 107,000 kilometres an hour.
32. I'm sorry. It was an accident. I didn't do it .... purpose.
33. - Did you enjoy your holiday ?
- Not every minute, but .... the whole, yes.
34. Workers at the factory have gone ..... strike ...... better pay and conditions.
35.I think she should go ........ a diet.
36. In Britain, children start school ..... the age of five.
37. I'm going to Scotland ...... a short holiday.
38. We didn't go ...... holiday last month. We went ...... business.
39. The plane was badly damaged ...... lightning.
40. What time did he reach ....... the farm yesterday ?
41. I didn't intend to take your hat. I took it ....... mistake.
42. He usually goes to work ........ bus, but this morning he went to work ...... a taxi.
43. The door must be opened ...... a key.
44. He sent me a present ......... post.
45. ......... my opinion, the film wasn't very good.
46. She is considered ......... the best singer in her country.
47. Which one do you like best ....... these pictures ?
48. He entered the room ......... greeting anyone.
49. I want to get ....... at the next bus-stop.
50. After getting ...... the bus, she was lucky enough to have a good seat.
51. It is more expensive to go .... air than ...... land.
52. ........ stamps, I collect old coins.
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53. His address is ...... the bottom of the page.

54........ hearing of the death of her father, she burst into tears

Prepositions ( Giíi tõ) - Part 2

I/ Nouns + Prep I/ Danh tõ + Giíi tõ
* demand for sth * yªu cÇu, nhu cÇu vÒ c¸i g×
- need
- There isn't enough demand for that kind of book. - Kh«ng cã ®ñ nhu cÇu vÒ lo¹i s¸ch ®ã.
- There's a great need for a new plan.
* reason for sth - RÊt cÇn cã mét kÕ ho¹ch míi
- No one knows the reason for the train's delay. * lý do cho ®iÒu g×
* advantage/ disadvantage of doing sth - Kh«ng ai biÕt lý do tµu chËm
- The advantage of living alone * ThuËn lîi/ bÊt lîi cña viÖc lµm g×
-The disadvantage of living in the city. - ThuËn lîi cña viÖc sèng mét m×nh
- There's an advantage in doing sth. - BÊt lîi cña viÖc sèng ë thµnh phè
* cause of sth - Cã lîi thÕ khi lµm g×
- The cause of the explosion * nguyªn nh©n cña viÖc g×
* photograph of sth - Nguyªn nh©n cña vô næ
picture * TÊm ¶nh, bøc ¶nh vÒ
- Some photographs of my family
* an increase in sth - Mét vµi bøc ¶nh gia ®×nh
a rise * T¨ng vÒ c¸i g×
a fall
a decrease - Gi¶m vÒ c¸i g×
- There has been an increase in the number of road
accidents - §· cã sù t¨ng lªn vÒ sè l-îng vô tai n¹n giao
* damage to sth th«ng
- They had to pay for the damage to my car * H- h¹i, h- háng ®èi víi c¸i g×
* an invitation to the party -Hä ph¶i thanh to¸n thiÖt h¹i ®èi víi xe cña t«i.
* a solution to the problem * lêi mêi tíi dù tiÖc
* a key to sth * gi¶i ph¸p cho vÊn ®Ò
- a key to success * ch×a khãa cho c¸i g×
* an answer to sth - ch×a khãa cho sù thµnh c«ng
- I couldn't find the answer to his question. * c©u tr¶ lêi cho ®iÒu g×
- T«i kh«ng thÓ t×m ra c©u tr¶ lêi cho c©u hái cña
* a reply to sth nã.
- There was no reply to his letter. * Lêi ®¸p cho c¸i g×
* a reaction to sth - Kh«ng cã håi ©m cho l¸ th- cña nã.
- I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion. * ph¶n øng l¹i c¸i g×
* an attitude to/ towards sth / sb - T«i ng¹c nhiªn vÒ
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- His attitude to his job
* difference between ....... and ..........
- There are some differences between my views and
his.
* a connection with
- My talk has no connection with you.
* intention of doing sth
- I had no intention of visiting him.
* an impression on
- She made a deep impression on her boss.
* influence on sb/sth
- The influence of the weather on the environment
* a habit of doing sth
- He made a habit of using the office telephone
ph¶n øng cña c« Êy ®èi víi ®Ò nghÞ cña t«i.
* th¸i ®é ®èi víi ai, ®iÒu g×
- th¸i ®é cña anh Êy ®èi víi c«ng viÖc
* kh¸c biÖt gi÷a ........ vµ .........
- Cã mét vµi kh¸c biÖt gi÷a quan ®iÓm cña nã vµ t«i.
* Sù liªn quan víi
- C©u chuyÖn cña t«i kh«ng liªn quan g× tíi anh
* ý ®Þnh lµm g×
- T«i kh«ng cã ý ®Þnh th¨m anh Êy.
* Ên t-îng ®èi víi
- C« Êy ®· g©y Ên t-îng s©u s¾c víi «ng chñ.
* ¶nh h-ëng ®èi víi
- Sù ¶nh h-ëng cña thêi tiÕt ®èi víi m«i tr-êng

* experience of/in doing sth * thãi quen lµm g×

- She has much experience of teaching. - H¾n cã thãi quen sö dông ®iÖn tho¹i v¨n phßng
II/ Adjectives + Preps * kinh nghiÖm lµm g×
* nice of sb to do sth - C« Êy cã nhiÒu kinh nghiÖm gi¶ng d¹y.
kind II/ TÝnh tõ + Giíi tõ
careless * ai ®ã tö tÕ khi lµm g×
- It is very kind of you to help me. tèt bông
* nice to sb cÈu th¶
kind - Anh thËt tèt bông khi gióp t«i.
- She's always kind to me. * tö tÕ ®èi víi ai
* angry about sth tèt bông
annoyed - C« Êy lu«n tèt víi t«i.
- I'm angry about his mistakes. * Tøc giËn vÒ ®iÒu g×
* angry / annoyed with sb for doing sth bùc m×nh
- He got angry with me for my being late. - T«i bùc vÒ lçi cña nã.
* excited about sth/doing sth * Tøc giËn víi ai v× lµm g×
- Are you excited about going on holiday next week - Anh ta bùc víi t«i v× t«i ®Õn muén
? * phÊn khÝch vÒ ®iÒu g×
* worry about sth/sb - CËu cã thÝch ®i nghØ tuÇn tíi kh«ng ?
- Are you worried about your exam ?
* nervous about sth * lo l¾ng vÒ ®iÒu g×
* delighted with sth - CËu cã lo l¾ng vÒ kú thi kh«ng ?
* pleased * håi hép vÒ ®iÒu g×
- He was delighted with his mother's present. * vui víi c¸i g×
* satisfied with sth
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* dissatisfied - Nã vui víi mãn quµ cña mÑ.

- She is satisfied with her new house. * tháa m·n víi c¸i g×
* kh«ng hµi lßng
* disappointed with sb/sth - C« Êy hµi lßng víi ng«i nhµ míi cña m×nh.
- I was disappointed with my study result.
* disappointed about sth * thÊt väng víi
* surprised at / by sth - T«i thÊt väng víi kÕt qu¶ häc tËp cña m×nh.
* amazed * thÊt väng vÒ ®iÒu g×
astonished * ng¹c nhiªn bëi
- We were surprised at the news
* impressed with/by her appearance söng sèt
* fed up / bored with sth/ doing sth - Chóng t«i ng¹c nhiªn víi tin ®ã.
- He's fed up with his job. * bÞ g©y Ên t-îng bëi vÎ bÒ ngoµi cña c« ta.
* sorry for doing sth * ch¸n víi c¸i g×/lµm g×
- I'm sorry for being late. - Anh ta ch¸n víi c«ng viÖc cña m×nh.
* feel sorry for sb * xin lçi v× ®· lµm g×
* typical of - T«i xin lçi v× ®Õn muén.
- It's typical of her to come late. * c¶m thÊy th-¬ng h¹i cho ai
* tired of doing sth * ®iÓn h×nh, ®Æc tr-ng
- I'm tired of listening to his songs. - C« ta cã tÝnh hay ®Õn muén
- I'm tired of his playing the guitar. * Ch¸n víi, mÖt mái víi
* certain of sth - T«i ch¸n nghe nh÷ng bµi h¸t cña anh ta.
sure about sth - T«i ch¸n nghe h¾n ch¬i ghi ta.
- We are not sure about that. * ch¾c ch¾n vÒ ®iÒu g×
* good/ bad at sth / doing sth
excellent at sth/ doing - Chóng t«i kh«ng ch¾c vÒ ®iÒu ®ã.
brilliant * giái / kÐm vÒ ®iÒu g×
- Mr Hoan is good at cooking. xuÊt s¾c vÒ ®iÒu g×/ lµm g×
* get/ be married to sb
-get/ be engaged to sb - ¤ng Hoµn giái nÊu n-íng.
- Mary is married to a rich man. * C-íi ai
- He's married with 3 children. - §Ýnh h«n
* similar to sth - Mary c-íi mét ng-êi ®µn «ng giµu cã.
- Your hat is similar to mine. - ¤ng ta ®· lËp gia ®×nh vµ cã 3 con.
* different from sth/sb * t-¬ng tù nh- c¸i g×
- The house was different from what I visualized. - Mò cña cËu gièng cña t«i.
* interested in sth/doing sth * kh¸c víi
- I'm interested in music - Ng«i nhµ kh¸c víi nh÷ng g× t«i h×nh dung.
* dependent on sb/sth
- I don't want to be dependent on her. * thÝch ®iÒu g×
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* afraid - T«i thÝch ©m nh¹c.

frightened of sth / doing sth * phô thuéc vµo ai/ ®iÒu g×
terrified - T«i kh«ng muèn phô thuéc vµo c« Êy.
scared * sî ai/ ®iÒu g×
- She's afraid of living on her own in a big city.
* fond of sth/doing sth
keen on
- I'm fond of watching football. - C« ta sî sèng mét m×nh ë thµnh phè.
* keen on sth * thÝch c¸i g×
- Nam is keen on English.
* proud of sth/sb - T«i thÝch xem bãng ®¸.
- He's always proud of his garden. * giái vÒ
* ashamed of sth - Nam giái tiÕng Anh
- Weren't you ashamed of your mistake ? * tù hµo vÒ
* jealous of sth/sb - ¤ng ta lu«n tù hµo vÒ c¸i v-ên cña m×nh.
envious * xÊu hæ vÒ
- She's always jealous of other people. - CËu kh«ng thÊy xÊu hæ vÒ lçi cña m×nh µ ?
* suspicious of sth/sb * Ghen tÞ víi
- She was suspicious of my intentions
* aware of sth - C« ta lu«n ghen víi ng-êi kh¸c.
- They weren't aware of the danger. * Nghi ngê ai/ ®iÒu g×
* capable of sth/doing sth - Bµ ta nghi ngê ý ®Þnh cña t«i.
incapable * nhËn thøc vÒ
- He's capable of doing this job. - Hä kh«ng ý thøc ®-îc hiÓm nguy.
* full of sth/sb * Cã kh¶ n¨ng lµm g×
short
- He's full of life. - Kh«ng cã kh¶ n¨ng
- The room is full of people. - Anh Êy cã kh¶ n¨ng lµm viÖc nµy.
- I'm short of money. * ®Çy c¸i g×/ thiÕu c¸i g×
* independent of sb - Anh ta ®Çy søc sèng
- He's independent of his parents. - C¨n phßng ®Çy ng-êi
* crowded with - T«i thiÕu tiÒn.
- The bus was crowded with passengers. * ®éc lËp víi ai
* famous for sth - CËu Êy ®éc lËp víi bè mÑ.
- Da Lat is famous for its scenery. * ®«ng ®óc
* responsible for sth/doing sth - Xe buýt ®«ng hµnh kh¸ch.
- Who's responsible for breaking the glass ? * næi tiÕng vÒ ®iÒu g×
III/ Verb + Prep - §µ L¹t næi tiÕng vÒ c¶nh ®Ñp.
* laugh / smile at sb * ChÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ
* aim at sth/sb - Ai chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm vÒ viÖc lµm vì c¸i ly ?
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- They laughed at his clothes. III/ §éng tõ + Giíi tõ

* talk to sb * c-êi ai
with * nh»m vµo ai
* talk of sb/sth - Hä c-êi quÇn ¸o cña nã.
about * nãi chuyÖn víi ai
* throw sth at sb
- Somebody threw a rotten egg at the President. * nãi chuyÖn vÒ ai
* shout at sb
- She always shouts at her husband. * nÐm c¸i g× vµo ai
* explain sth to sb - Ai ®ã ®· nÐm qu¶ trøng thèi vµo Tæng thèng.
describe * la m¾ng ai
- He couldn't explain the problem to us. - Bµ ta lu«n la m¾ng chång
* gi¶ng gi¶i c¸i g× cho
* apologise to sb for doing sth m« t¶
- She apologised for saying that. - Anh ta kh«ng thÓ gi¶ng gi¶i vÊn ®Ò cho chóng t«i.
* thank sb for sth * xin lçi ai v× ®· lµm g×
* ask sb for sth - C« ta xin lçi v× ®· nãi ®iÒu ®ã
- Lan usually asks her mother for money. * c¶m ¬n ai v× ®iÒu g×
* care about sth/sb * xin ai c¸i g×
- He's selfish. He doesn't care about other people. - Lan th-êng xin tiÒn mÑ
* care what/where * quan t©m tíi c¸i g×
- I don't care what you do. - H¾n ta rÊt Ých kû. Anh ta kh«ng quan t©m tíi
* take care of sb ng-êi kh¸c.
- Take care of yourself. - T«i kh«ng quan t©m tíi nh÷ng g× cËu lµm.
* take after sb
- He takes after his father. * quan t©m tíi ai
* apply for the job * gièng ai
* look for sth/sb - CËu Êy gièng bè
* leave for work * nép ®¬n xin viÖc
Hanoi * t×m kiÕm ai/ c¸i g×
*dream of doing sth * ®i lµm
- She often dreams of being rich. ®i Hµ néi
* hear about sth * m¬ lµm g×
- Did you hear about the robbery ? - C« ta th-êng m¬ trë lªn giµu cã
* hear from sb * nghe vÒ c¸i g×
- Do you often hear from your brother ? - CËu cã nghe tin g× vÒ vô trém kh«ng ?
* nhËn ®-îc tin tõ ai
* think about sth/sb - B¹n cã th-êng nhËn ®-îc tin tõ anh trai kh«ng?
- I'm thinking about buying a new house. * nghÜ vÒ ®iÒu g×
* remind sb about sth - T«i ®ang nghÜ vÒ viÖc mua mét ng«i nhµ míi.
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- I remind him about the meeting. * nh¾c ai vÒ c¸i g×

* remind sb of sth - T«i nh¾c anh Êy vÒ cuéc häp.
- This piece of music reminds me of my * gîi cho ai nhí vÒ c¸i g×
childhood. - B¶n nh¹c gîi cho t«i nhí vÒ tuæi th¬.
* complain to sb about sth
- We complained to the manager about the service.
* warn sb of/about sth * phµn nµn víi ai vÒ ®iÒu g×
- warn everybody of the danger - Chóng t«i phµn nµn víi gi¸m ®èc vÒ viÖc phôc vô.
* consist of * c¶nh b¸o ai vÒ c¸i g×
- This book consists of three chapters. - c¶nh b¸o mäi ng-êi vÒ hiÓm nguy.
* die of * bao gåm
- He died of a heart-attack. - Cuèn s¸ch nµy bao gåm 3 ch-¬ng.
* approve of * chÕt bëi
- Her parents don't approve of her marriage. - ¤ng Êy chÕt v× bÖnh tim.
* pay for sth * C«ng nhËn, t¸n thµnh
- He didn't have enough money to pay for the meal. - Bè mÑ c« Êy kh«ng t¸n thµnh cuéc h«n nh©n cña
* pay sb c«.
* blame sb for sth * tr¶ tiÒn cho c¸i g×
- Everybody blamed him for the accident. - Anh ta kh«ng cã ®ñ tiÒn ®Ó tr¶ b÷a ¨n.
* suffer from sth * tr¶ tiÒn ai
- He suffered from a headache. * ®æ téi ai v× c¸i g×
* protect sb from sth - Mäi ng-êi ®æ téi anh Êy g©y tai n¹n.
- We protected the children from the danger. * chÞu ¶nh h-ëng tõ c¸i g×
* depend on - Anh Êy bÞ ®au ®Çu.
- It depends on the weather. * b¶o vÖ ai khái c¸i g×
* rely on sb - Chóng t«i b¶o vÖ lò trÎ khái hiÓm nguy.
- You can rely on him. * phô thuéc vµo
* live on sth - Phô thuéc vµo thêi tiÕt.
- We can't live on our salary. * tin cËy vµo ai
* congratulate sb on sth - CËu cã thÓ tin cËy vµo nã.
- We congratulated Mai on her success. * sèng nhê vµo c¸i g×
- Chóng ta kh«ng thÓ sèng nhê vµo ®ång l-¬ng.
* compliment sb on sth * chóc mõng ai v× c¸i g×
- We complimented him on his academic result. - Chóng t«i chóc mõng Mai vÒ thµnh c«ng cña c«
Êy.
* succeed in doing sth * khen ai vÒ c¸i g×
- He succeeded in finding a good job in Ha noi. - Chóng t«i khen ngîi cËu Êy vÒ kÕt qu¶ häc tËp.
* thµnh c«ng vÒ lµm g×
* run into - Anh Êy thµnh c«ng khi kiÕm ®-îc viÖc ë Hµ néi.
- I ran into my old friend while going to work. * gÆp ph¶i
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* crash into - T«i gÆp b¹n cò khi ®ang tíi n¬i lµm viÖc.
- A car crashed into a lorry. * ®©m vµo
* break into - ChiÕc xe con ®©m vµo chiÕc xe t¶i.
- Our house was broken into * ®ét nhËp vµo
* divide into - Nhµ t«i ®· bÞ trém ®ét nhËp vµo.
- This book is divided into 3 parts. * chia thµnh
* translate into - Cuèn s¸ch ®-îc chia thµnh 3 phÇn.
- His book was translated into French. * dÞch sang
* fill sth with sth - Cuèn s¸ch cña «ng Êy ®-îc dÞch sang tiÕng Ph¸p.
- fill this saucepan with water * lÊp ®Çy c¸i g×
* provide sb with sth - ®æ ®Çy n-íc vµo ch¶o
supply * cung cÊp cho ai c¸i g×
- They provided the poor children with food.
- Ng-êi ta cung cÊp l-¬ng thùc cho trÎ em nghÌo.
* insist on doing sth * nµi nØ lµm g×
- She insisted on going with us. - C« ta nµi nØ ®-îc ®i víi chóng t«i.
* spend on sth * tiªu tiÒn vµo c¸i g×
- Ms Hai spent much money on clothes. - C« H¶i tiªu nhiÒu tiÒn s¾m quÇn ¸o.
* get on with sb * hßa thuËn víi
get along
- They are getting on with each other. - Hä sèng hßa thuËn víi nhau.
* turn up * xuÊt hiÖn
- He will turn up before long. - Nã sÏ xuÊt hiÖn ngay th«i.
* take off * cÊt c¸nh (m¸y bay)
* take sth off * cëi ra
- Take off your shoes. - Cëi giµy ra.
* take over sth * ®¶m nhËn c¸i g×
- When his mother was away he took over her - Khi mÑ anh Êy ®i v¾ng, anh Êy ®¶m nhËn c«ng
business. viÖc cña bµ.
* take sth in * tiÕp thu ®iÒu g×
- They didn't take in what I was saying. - Hä kh«ng tiÕp thu nh÷ng g× t«i nãi.
* take part in * tham gia vµo
- She doesn't like to take part in group discussion. - C« ta kh«ng thÝch tham gia vµo th¶o luËn nhãm.
* keep up with sb * b¾t kÞp víi ai
- I can't keep up with you. You are walking too fast. - T«i kh«ng thÓ b¾t kÞp cËu. CËu ®i nhanh qu¸.
* cut down on sth
- He's trying to cut down on smoking. * c¾t gi¶m c¸i g×
* put on - ¤ng ta ®ang gi¶m dÇn hót thuèc.
- Put the shoes on * mÆc vµo
* put off - §i giÇy vµo
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- They decided to put off the meeting. * tr× ho·n

* bring sb up - Hä quyÕt ®Þnh ho·n cuéc häp.
- She was well brought up * nu«i nÊng ai
* call sth off - C« Êy ®-îc nu«i nÊng tèt.
- We decided to call off the match. * hñy bá
* carry out the plan - Chóng t«i quyÕt ®Þnh hñy bá trËn ®Êu.
* carry on doing sth * triÓn khai kÕ ho¹ch
- I find it difficult to carry on working there. * tiÕp tôc lµm g×
* catch up with sb - T«i thÊy khã lµm viÖc ë ®ã.
* come across sth * theo kÞp ai
- I came across this old picture when I was looking * t×nh cê b¾t gÆp c¸i g×
for my passport. - T«i b¾t gÆp bøc tranh cò khi ®ang t×m hé chiÕu.
* get over sth * v-ît qua c¸i g×
- He got over a bad heart-attack. - ¤ng Êy ®· v-ît qua c¬n ®au tim.
* keep on doing sth * tiÕp tôc lµm g×
* let sb down * lµm ai thÊt väng
* pick sb up * ®ãn ai
* put aside *dµnh dôm
* send for a doctor * gäi b¸c sÜ
* set off (early) * khëi hµnh (sím)

Exercise : §iÒn mét giíi tõ thÝch hîp vµo chç trèng

1.There are some differences .......... British and American English
2. Money isn't a solution ....... every problem.
3. There has been an increase .......... the amount of traffic on that road.
4. There are many advantages ........ being able to speak a foreign language.
5. What was Emma's reaction ......... the news ?
6. The advantage ....... having a car is that you don't have to rely ..... public transport.
7. When Paul left home his attitude ........ his parents seemed to change.
8. Bill and I used to be good friends but I didn't have much contact ...... him now.
9. The company has rejected the workers' demand ....... a rise ...... pay.
10. Everything can be explained. There is a reason ....... everything.
11. Ken showed me a photo ........ the house where he used to live.
12. I was delighted ....... the present you gave me.
13. It was very nice ...... you to do the shopping for me.
14. They didn't reply to my letter, which was very impolite ....... them.
15. We enjoyed our holiday, but we were a bit disappointed ..... the hotel.
16. Are you angry ....... what happened ?
17. I'm sorry ...... what I said. I hope you are not angry ...... me.
18. Linda doesn't look well. I'm worried ...... her.
19. I was surprised ........ the way he behaved.
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20. He's not satisfied ........ his progress.

21. They were quite excited ....... the match.
22. We weren't very impressed ........ his appearance.
23. I was very angry ....... them ......... making so much noise.
24. He felt sorry ...... the children.
25. The letter Ba wrote was full ....... mistakes.
26. My town is famous ........ green bean cakes.
27. I'm not ashamed ...... what I did. In fact, I'm quite proud ..... it.
28. These days everybody is aware ...... the danger of smoking.
29. The station platform is crowded ......... people.
30. I'm tired ....... doing the same thing everyday.
31. I don't think she's capable ....... telling a lie.
32. It's typical ....... Minh to invent stories like that.
33. Our house is similar ........ yours.
34. He's totally dependent ......... his parents.
35. We'd better phone ......... the restaurant to reserve a table.
36. I apologise ...... Bridgit ....... the misunderstanding.
37. I explained ...... everybody what they had to do.
38. Mike describe ........ me how the accident happened.
39. I promise I'll take good care ..... it.
40. I don't care ....... the cost of the holiday.
41. I'm glad you reminded me ....... his birthday.
42. This house reminds me ..... the one I live in when I was small.
43. We warned our children ......... the fierce dog.
44. They complained ....... their neighbour ..... his naughty son.
45. My mother suffered ......... a very bad headache.
46. You know that you can rely ....... me if you ever need any help.
47. The apartment consists .......... three rooms.
48. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ....... the damage.
49. Many people are dying ............ hunger.
50. They wore warm clothes to protect themselves ...... the cold.
51. I complimented her ......... her English.
52. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends ...... how I feel.
53. The school provides all its students ........ books.
54. A strange thing happened ........ me a few days ago.
55. I hope you succeed ........ getting what you want.
56. Do you spend much money ......... clothes ?
57. I felt quite cold, but Peter insisted ...... having the window open.
58. I was nervous when the plane took .......
59. You're walking too fast. I can't keep up ..... you.
60. Don't wake the children ........ !
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61. When his mother died, he was brought ....... by his uncle.

truth because ....... meter readers usually wear ........ peaked caps. However I took him to ...... meter, which is
in ..... dark corner under ...... stairs (....... meters are usually in ..... dark corners under .......... stairs).
I asked if he had ..... torch; he said he disliked torches and always read ........ meters by ....... light of ........
match. I remarked that if there was ...... leak in ..... gaspine, there might be ....... explosion while he was
reading ...... meter. He said, "As ....... matter of ...... fact, there was ...... explosion in ...... last house I visited;
and Mr Smith, ..... owner of ...... house, was burnt in ...... face." "Mr Smith was holding ....... lighted match at
...... time of ........ explosion.". To prevent ...... possible repetition of this accident, I lend him ...... torch. He
switched on ..... torch, read ..... meter and wrote the readings down on ....... back of ........ envelope. I said in
....... surprise that ....... meter readers usually put readings down in ......book. He said that he had ...... book but
that it had been burnt in ..... fire in Mr Smith's house. By this time I had come to .... conclusion that he wasn't
....... genuine meter reader; and ....... moment he left ........ house, I rang ...... police.
20/ My aunt lived on ...... ground floor of ..... old house on ....... River Thames. She was very much afraif of
...... burglars and always locked up ........ house carefully before she went to ...... bed. She also took .......
precaution of looking under ...... bed to see if ........ burglar was hiding there. "....... modern burglars don't
hide under ...... beds", said her daughter. "I'll go on looking as ...... same", said my aunt. One morning she
rang her daughter in triump. "I found ........ burglar under ...... bed ....... last night", she said, "and he was quite
....... young man."
21/ My neighbour is ....... photographer; let's ask him for ....... advice.
22/ ....... poor are many in rural areas in Viet Nam.
23/ " Do you often watch ...... TV ?"
"- No, I haven't got ....... TV set".
24/ I don't want to do ........ business this month. I want to go on ........... holiday.