B.

NGỮ PHÁP
I. KIẾN THỨC TRỌNG TÂM CỦA BÀI
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: CÁC THÌ HIỆN TẠI
1. Thì hiện tại đơn.
a. Công thức

(+) S + V(s,es)

(-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V

(?) Do/ Does + S + V?

b. Cách sử dụng
- Diễn tả thó i quen trong hiện tạ i
Eg: Mary goes to dance lessons every day.
- Diễn tả tình huố ng cố định
Eg: Does Dan work at the cinema?
- Diễn tả trạ ng thá i
Eg: I like the new James Bond film.
- Diễn tả sự thậ t hiển nhiên
Eg: The sun rises in the East.
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

- Thờ i hiện tạ i đơn giả n thườ ng đượ c sử dụ ng vớ i cá c trạ ng từ và cụ m từ sau:

● Trạ ng từ : always, often, usually, sometimes, rarely, never…

● Cụ m từ : Every Monday/week…; Each day/month…; One time a week/month; Three times

a week/month…

***Chú ý

● Cá c độ ng từ chỉ tri giá c (taste, smell, see, know, understand...), tình cả m (like, love, hate,

prefer…), sở hữ u (be, belong to,…) luô n dù ng hiện tạ i đơn giả n.

Eg: I like reading books in my free time.
NOT: I am liking reading books in my free time.
 ● Trong mẫ u câ u: When + S + VHTĐG , S + will + V

As soon as

(Ngay khi ai đó làm gì, ai đó sẽ làm gì.)

Eg: When he arrives, she and we will go out for dinner.

We will go out for dinner when/as soon as he arrives.

2. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

a. Công thức

(+) S + is/am/are + V_ing

(-) S + is/am/are + not + V_ing

(?) Is/Am/Are + S + V_ing?

b. Cách sử dụng
- Diễn tả hà nh độ ng đang xả y ra tạ i thờ i điểm nó i
Eg: Mary is watching TV now.
- Diễn tả tình huố ng tạ m thờ i
Eg: She is working at the museum until the end of month.
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Thờ i hiện tạ i tiếp diễn thườ ng đượ c sử dụ ng vớ i cá c từ và cụ m từ sau:

Now, right now, at the moment, at this time…

Chú ý

● Be always Ving: Chỉ sự phà n nà n.

Eg: He is always laughing at other people.

● Be + Ving: Diễn tả hà nh độ ng xả y ra xung quanh thờ i điểm nó i: Today, This week/month…

Eg: She is wearing a nice T-shirt today.

● Diễn tả tương lai gầ n: hà nh độ ng đã đượ c sắ p xếp, lên kế hoạ ch, chắ c chắ n xả y ra.

Eg: He is getting married to her.

3. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

 a. Công thức

(+) S + has/have + PII

(-) S + has/have + not + PII

(?) Have/Has + S + PII?

b. Cách sử dụng
- Diễn tả hà nh độ ng đã xả y ra trong quá khứ và kéo dà i đến hiện tạ i
Eg: They have done all their important things.
- Diễn tả hà nh độ ng đã kết thú c trong tạ i mộ t thờ i điểm khô ng xá c định trong quá khứ
Eg: He has already read that book.
c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Thờ i hiện tạ i hoà n thà nh thườ ng đượ c sử dụ ng vớ i cá c từ và cụ m từ sau:
- Kéo dà i: Since, For
Eg: She's taught German here for over five year.
Mr Gray has taught French here since 2006.
- Vừ a xả y ra: Just, recently
Eg: We've just done this exercise.
- Đã xong: already
Eg: We've already done this exercise.
- Chưa xong: Yet
Eg: We haven’t checked the answers yet.
- Chưa bao giờ : Never…..before # never (hiện tạ i đơn giả n)
Eg: I have never played guitar before
- Lầ n đầ u, lầ n 2: The first time, the second times….
It’s the first time we have watched a video in class.
- Đã từ ng: Ever
Have you ever had guitar lessons?
Chú ý: So sánh hiện tại hoàn thành và quá khứ đơn

Hiện tại hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn Ví dụ

 Có kết quả kéo dà i Chấ m dứ t hoà n toà n I did my homework last night.
đến hiện tạ i trong quá khứ I’ve finished! Can I go home now?

Khô ng có thờ i điểm Có thờ i điểm xá c định I read that book yesterday.
xá c định trong quá khứ I’ve read that book.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1

Bài 1: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì hiện tại đơn.
1. I (be) ____________________ at school on the weekend.
2. She (not study) ____________________ on Friday.
3. My students (be not) ____________________ hard working.
4. He (have) ____________________ a new haircut today.
5. I usually (have) ____________________ breakfast at 7.00.
6. Does she (live) ____________________ in a house?
7. Where (be) ____________________ your children?
8. My sister (work) ____________________ in a bank.
9. Dog (like) ____________________ meat.
10. She (live) ____________________ in Florida.
11. It (rain) ____________________ almost every day in Manchester.
12. We (fly) ____________________ to Spain every summer.
13. My mother (fry)___________________ eggs for breakfast every morning.
14. The bank (close) ____________________ at four o'clock.
15. John (try)____________________ hard in class, but I (not think) __________________ he'll pass.
16. Jo is so smart that she (pass) ____________________ every exam without even trying.
17. My life (be)____________________ so boring. I just (watch)____________________ TV every night.
18. My best friend (write)____________________ to me every week.
19. Do you (speak)___________________ English?
20. She (not live) ____________________ in HaiPhong city.
21. ____________________ Mark ____________________ to school every day? (go)
22. ____________________ your parents ____________________ your girlfriend? (like)
23. How often ____________________ you ____________________ swimming? (go)
24. Where ____________________ your sister ____________________ (work)
25. Who ____________________ the ironing in your house? (do)
Bài 2: Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn.
1. Last year my brother __________________ his holiday in Da Lat. (spend)
2. It ________________ really great. (be)
3. I __________________around by motorbike with three friends and we visited lots of interesting
places. (travel)
4. In the evening I usually __________________to a bar. (go)
5. One night she even __________________some Alien dances. (learn)
6. They __________________very lucky with the weather. (be)
7. It __________________yesterday. (not / rain)
8. But we __________________some beautiful rainbows. (see)
9. Where __________________her last holiday? (spend / Lan)
10.Linh ____________________her math homework yesterday. (to do)
11.did Tuan _________________to Taiwan by plane? (to go)
12.We ___________________a farm three weeks ago. (to visit)
13.Tuan and Tu ______________________their brother. (not/to help)
14.The children _____ _____________at home last sunday. (not/to be)
15.When ___________you _________________this wonderful dress? (to design)
16.My father __________________into the truck. (not/to crash)
17.Tuan __________________the basket of his bicycle. (to take off)
18.___________you __________________your uncle last weekend? (to phone)
19.She __________________milk at class. (not/to drink)

Bài 3: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành.

1. Loan ________________me an email. (to send)
2. Linh and Ngọ c ________________the museum. (to visit)
3. We ________________at the pet shop. (to be)
4. He ________________already ________________his rucksack. (to pack)
5. Tuấ n ________________an accident. (to have)
6. I ________________the shopping for my mother. (to do)
7. I ________________just ________________my room. (to clean)
8. Long ________________his room. (to paint)
9. Thư and Tú ________________to a concert. (to go)
10.My boyfriend ________________smoking. (to give up)
11.I (not work)_________________________ today.

12.We (buy)________________a new lamp.

13.We (not/ plan)________________our holiday yet.

14.Where________________(be/ you)?

15.He (write)________________five letters.

16.She (not/ see)________________him for a long time.

17.(be/ you)________________at school?

18.School (not/ start)________________yet.

19.(speak/ he)________________to his boss?

20.No, he (have/ not)________________the time yet.

Bài 4: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. Where's John? He (listen) ____________________ to a new CD in his room.
2. Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London. You know it always (rain)
____________________ in England.
3. Jean (work)__________ hard all day but she (not work) ____________________ at the moment.
4. Look! That boy (run) ____________________after the bus. He (want) ____________________ to catch it.
5. He (speak) ____________________ German so well because he (come) ____________________ from
Germany.
6. Shh! The boss (come) ____________________. We (meet) ____________________ him in an hour and
nothing is ready!
7. you usually (go) ____________________ away for Christmas or you (stay) ____________________ at
home?
8. She (hold) ____________________ some roses. They (smell) ____________________ lovely.
9. Oh no! Look! It (snow) ____________________ again. It always (snow) ____________________ in this
country.
10. Mary (swim)__________ very well, but she (not run) ____________________ very fast.
11. you (enjoy) ____________________ this party? Yes, I (have) ____________________ a great time!
12. Sorry I can't help you. I (not know) ____________________ where she keeps her files.
13. What you(do) ____________________ next Saturday? Nothing special. I (stay) ____________________ at
home.
14. I (think) ____________________ your new hat (look) ____________________ nice on you.
15. I (live) ____________________ with my parents but right now I (stay) ______________________ with
some friends for a few days.
Bài 5: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn.
It (0. be) is Sunday evening and my friends and I (1. be).......................... at Jane's birthday party. Jane
(2. wear)............................... a beautiful long dress and (3. stand)....................... next to her boyfriend.
Some guests (4. drink)............................... wine or beer in the corner of the room. Some of her
relatives (5. dance)........................... in the middle of the room. Most people (6. sit)................................ on
chairs, (7. enjoy)............................... foods and (8.chat)............................. with one another. We often (9.
go)......................... to our friends' birthday parties. We always (10. dress)....................... well and (11.
travel)....................... by taxi. Parties never (12. make)................... us bored because we like them.
Bài 6: Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.
1) This is the first time he went abroad.

=> He hasn't.................................................................................................

2) She started driving 1 month ago.

=> She has....................................................................................................

3) We began eating when it started to rain.

=> We have...................................................................................................

4) I last had my hair cut when I left her.

=> I haven't....................................................................................................

5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.

=> She hasn't.................................................................................................

6) It has been a long time since we last met.

=> We haven't................................................................................................

7) When did you have it ?

=> How long .................................................................................................?

8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal .

=> I haven't..................................................................................................

9) I haven't seen him for 8 days.

=> The last ..................................................................................................

10) I haven't taken a bath for 2 days.

=> It is .........................................................................................................

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2: THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN CHỈ TƯƠNG LAI

Chú ng ta sử dụ ng thì Hiện tại đơn (Present Simple) khi nó i về lịch phá t cá c chương trình, thờ i
gian biểu ... ( chẳ ng hạ n như giao thô ng cô ng cộ ng, lịch phim, ...)
VD: - The train leaves Plymouth at 11.30 and arrives in London at 14.45.
- What time does the film begin?
- Bạ n cũ ng có thể sử dụ ng thì Hiện tại đơn nếu kế hoạ ch củ a họ đã đượ c lậ p cố định giố ng như
thờ i gian biểu.
VD: - I start my new job on Monday.
- What time do you finish work tomorrow?
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG CHUYÊN ĐỀ 2
Bài 1: Một người bạn của bạn đang lên kế hoạch cho kì nghỉ sắp tới. Hãy hỏi cô ấy về kế
hoạch đó. Sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc để đặt câu hỏi.
1. (where/go)………………………………………………………………… - Scotland
2. (how long/go for) .............................................................................. - Ten days
3. (when/leave?) ....................................................................... - Next Friday
4. (go/alone?) ......................................................................... - No, with a friend
5. (travel/by car?) .................................................................... - No, by train
6. (where/stay?) ....................................................................... - In a hotel
Bài 2: Chia động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn hoặc hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1. I'm going(go) to the cinema this evening.
2. Does the film begin (the film/begin) at 3:30 or 4:30?
3. We __________________ (have) a party next Saturday.Would you like to come?
4. The art exhibition __________________ (finish) on 3 May
5. I __________________ (not/go) out this evening. I __________________ (stay) at home.
6.__________________ (you/do) anything tomorrow morning? "No, I'm free. Why?"
7. We __________________ (go) to a concert tonight. It __________________ (start) at 7:30
8. I __________________ (leave) now. I've come to say goodbye.
9. A: Have you seen Liz recently?
B: No, but we __________________ (meet) for lunch next week
10.You are on the train to London and you ask another passenger:
Excuse me. What time __________________ (this train/ get) to London?
11.You are talking to Helen:
Helen, I __________________ (go) to the supermarket __________________ (you/come) with me?
12.You and a friend watching television. You say:
I'm bored with this programme. What time __________________ (it/end)
13. I __________________ (not/use) the car this evening so you can have it
14. Sue __________________ (come) to see us tomorrow. She __________________ (travel) by train and her
train __________________ (arrive) at 10.15