Chng 5

THANH CHU UN PHNG

NI DUNG
5.1. Khi nim chung
5.2. Un thun ty thanh thng
5.3. Un ngang phng thanh thng
SB1 nghin cu ng sut, bin dng,
chuyn v trong thanh di tc dng ca
cc trng hp chu lc c bn
Chng 2;
Ko (nn)
ng tm
Chng 5:
Xon
UN
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.1. Khi nim chung (1)
Thanh chu un: khi c tc dng ca ngoi lc trc
thanh thay i cong
Dm: thanh chu un
University of Architechture
5.1. Khi nim chung (2)
Gii hn nghin cu: Dm vi mt ct ngang c t nht 1 trc
i xng (ch I, T, ch nht, trn,); mt phng ti trng trng
mt phng i xng ca dm => Un phng
Mt phng ti trng: mt phng cha ti trng v trc thanh
Mt phng qun tnh chnh trung tm: mt phng cha trc
thanh v 1 trc qun tnh chnh trung tm ca mt ct ngang.
University of Architechture
July 2009
July 2009
5.1. Khi nim chung (3)
Phn loi un phng
Un thun ty phng
Un ngang phng
V d: thanh chu un
phng
Trn on BC: M
x
0, Q
y
=0
=> Un thun ty phng
Trn on AB,CD: M
x
0,
Q
y
0
=> Un ngang phng
F
F
Fa Fa
M
x
Q
y
F F
z
V V
A D
= F
= F
a b a
B C
D A
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (1)
Un thun ty phng
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (2)
1. nh ngha: Thanh gi l chu un thun tu nu
trn cc mt ct ngang ca n ch tn ti thnh
phn ng lc l mmen un M
x
(hoc M
y
) nm
trong mt phng qun tnh chnh trung tm.
Ti trng gy un: nm trong mt phng i qua trc thanh
v vung gc vi trc thanh
2. Cc gi thit v bin dng ca thanh
a. Th nghim
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (3)
Vch trn b mt ngoi ca thanh
H nhng ng thng // trc thanh
=> th dc
H nhng ng thng vung gc
vi trc thanh => mt ct ngang
Cho thanh chu un thun ty phng
QUAN ST
Cc ng thng // trc thanh =>
ng cong // trc, khong cch gia
cc ng cong k nhau khng i
Cc ng thng vung gc vi trc
thanh => vn thng v vung gc vi
trc thanh
Cc th pha trn b co (chu nn),
cc th di b dn (chu ko)
th dc mt ct ngang
M M
University of Architechture
July 2009
Bin dng ca thanh chu un
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (4)
GI THIT
a. Gi thit mt ct ngang phng:
mt ct ngang trc bin dng
l phng v vung gc vi trc
thanh th sau bin dng vn
phng v vung gc vi trc
b. Gi thit v cc th dc: trong
qu trnh bin dng cc lp vt
liu dc trc khng c tc
dng tng h vi nhau
Vt liu lm vic trong min n
hi
Tn ti lp trung ho: gm cc
th dc khng b dn cng
khng b co.
ng trung ha: Giao tuyn ca
lp trung ho vi mt ct
ngang
M M
Lp trung ho
ng
trung ho
ng
trung ho
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (5)
3.ng sut trn mt ct ngang
a. Bin dng di ca th dc
c khong cch y n th
trung ho
Xt vi phn chiu di ca th
dc dz = cd. Sau bin dng
cd c di l cd.
Bin dng di t i:
th trung ho
c d
a
b
c
d

d
dz
1 2
1
2
1 2
1 2
y
y
a
b
( ) ' '
z
y d d
dz c d cd y
dz cd d

c

+
A
= = = =
z
y
= c

bn knh cong ca th trung ho

University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (6)
b. Quan h ng sut - bin dng
Xt mt ct ngang bt k, phn
t din tch dA cha im K.
Tch phn t lp phng cha
imK.
T gt 1: gc vung khng thay
i => t=0
T gt 2: o
x
=o
y
=0
=> Trn mt ct ngang ch tn
ti duy nht ng sut php o
z
Theo nh lut Hooke
y
z
x
dA o
x
y
z
K
K o
z
o
z
z z
E = o c
z
y
E = o

1
???? =

University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (7)
c. Cng thc tnh ng sut php
Ti trng gy un nm trong mt
phng yOz v vung gc vi
trc thanh nn: N
z
=M
y
=0 v
M
x
0. Ta c:
y
z
x
dA o
x
y
z
K
M
x
0
z z
A A
E
N dA ydA = = =
} }
o

0
x
A
ydA S = =
}
ng trung ho i qua trng tm
ca mt ct ngang
0
y z
A A
E
M x dA xydA = = =
} }
o

0
xy
A
xydA I = =
}
H trc Oxy l h trc
qun tnh chnh trung tm
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (8)
M
x
>0: cng th di
M
x
<0: cng th trn
=> thun tin ta thng dng
cng thc tnh ton
y
z
x
dA o
x
y
z
K
M
x
2
x z x
A A
E E
M y dA y dA I = = =
} }
o

1
x
x
M
EI
=

EI
x
cng ca dm chu un
M
x
m men un ni lc
bn knh cong ca th trung ho
z
y
E = o

x
z
x
M
y
I
= o
Thay biu thc ca bn knh cong
vo biu thc xc nh ng sut php
y tung im cn tnh ng sut
x
z
x
M
y
I
= o
thuc vng ko
thuc vng nn
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (9)
d. Biu ng sut php
Cc im cng xa TH th tr tuyt i ng sut php
cng ln
Cc im nm trn TH th c o
z
=0
Cc im nm trn ng thng // TH th c
o
z
=const
=> Biu din s bin thin ca ng sut php theo
chiu cao mt ct ngang
Biu ng sut php l ng thng i qua gc
to => v c biu ch cn tnh ng sut
php ti im bt k trn mt ct ngang
nh du (+) biu din phn ng sut ko v du
(-) biu din phn ng sut nn
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (10)
University of Architechture
July 2009
65.2. Un thun ty phng (11)
Mt ct ngang c hai trc i
xng
max
2
x x
x x
M M
h
I W
o = + =
min
2
x x
x x
M M
h
I W
o = =
max min
o o =
/ 2
x
x
I
W
h
= - m men chng un ca mt ct ngang
x
y
o
min
o
max
h/2
h/2
2
6
x
bh
W =
3
3
0,1
/ 2 32
x
x
I D
W D
D
t
= = Hnh ch nht: Hnh trn:
Hnh vnh khn: ( ) ( )
3
4 3 4
1 0,1 1
/ 2 32
x
x
I D
W D
D
t
q q = =
d
D
q =
vi
z
M
x
University of Architechture
5.2. Un thun ty phng (12)
Mt ct ngang c 1 trc
i xng
x
y
t
h
b
o
min
o
max
y
n
max
y
k
max
max max
x x k
k
x x
M M
y
I W
o = + =
min max
x x n
n
x x
M M
y
I W
= = o
max
k
x
x
k
I
W
y
=
max
n
x
x
n
I
W
y
=
y
k
max
- khong cch xa TH nht thuc vng chu ko
y
n
max
- khong cch xa TH nht thuc vng chu nn
z
M
x
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (13)
4. iu kin bn
Dm lm bng vt liu do
Dm bng vt liu gin
Ba bi ton c bn
Kim tra iu kin bn:
Xc nh kch thc ca mt ct ngang:
Xc nh ti trng cho php:
{ } | |
max min
max , o o o s
| | | |
max min
;
k n
o o o o s s
| |
max
x
x
M
W
o o = s
| |
x
x
M
W >
o
| |
x x
M W o s
University of Architechture
5.2. Un thun ty phng (14)
Mt ct ngang c hnh dng hp l:
Kh nng chu lc ca dm ln nht
Tit kim vt liu nht
Dm bng vt liu dn: mt ct ngang hp l khi ng
thi tha mn
Dm bng vt liu do:
| |
max max
x k
k
x
M
y
I
o o = =
| |
min max
x n
n
x
M
y
I
o o = =
| |
| |
max
max
(*)
k
k
n
n
y
y
o
o
=
Mt ct ngang khng
i xng qua trc x
tho mn k (*)
| | | |
k n
o o =
max
max
1
k
n
y
y
=
Mt ct ngang c
hai trc i xng
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.2. Un thun ty phng (15)
tit kim vt liu
T biu ng sut, cng xa TH ng sut cng ln
=> a vt liu ra xa TH
x
y
x
y y
x
y
x
Vt liu dn Vt liu do
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (1)
1. nh ngha
Thanh gi l chu un ngang
phng nu trn cc mt ct
ngang ca n ng thi c cp
ng lc l mmen un M
x
, lc
ct Q
y
nm trong mt phng
qun tnh chnh trung tm.
Gi thit mt ct ngang phng
khng cn ng
University of Architechture
July 2009
Bin dng thanh chu un ngang phng
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (2)
Hai thnh phn ng lc
M
x
=> ng sut php
Q
y
=> ng sut tip
ng sut php
Trong
M
x
l mmen un ni lc trn mt ct ngang
I
x
l mmen qun tnh ca mt ct ngang i
vi trc qun tnh chnh trung tm Ox
y l tung ca im tnh ng sut
Ghi ch: M
x
> 0 khi lm cng th di v M
x
< 0
khi lm cng th trn.
o =
x
z
x
M
y
I
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (3)
2. ng sut tip:
Vi mt ct ngang dng hnh ch nht hp b<< h .
ng sut tip tun theo gi thit Zuravxki:
C phng // vi phng lc ct Q
y
, cng chiu lc
ct Q
y
Phn b u trn chiu rng tit din
K hiu t
zy
Cng thc Zuravxki ???
y
z
x
t
zy
Q
y
y
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (*)
Tch phn t gii hn
bi:
Hai mt ct ngang
cch nhau dz
Mt ct dc // v cch
Oz khong y
y
dz
z
y
x
z
F
x
z
y
dz
y
x
y
Mt ct ngang
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (*)
Xt cn bng phn t
dz
y
x
y
o
zph
o
ztr
t
zy
o
zph
o
ztr
M+dM
M
Q
Q+dQ
0 Z =

zy
t =
University of Architechture
5.3. Un ngang phng (4)
Cng thc Zuravxki
t =
c
y x
zy
x c
Q S
I b
h
b=b
y
TH x
y
A
c
c
Q
y
l lc ct theo phng y ti mt ct ngang.
I
x
l mmen qun tnh ca mt ct ngang i vi trc x.
b
c
chiu rng ca mt ct ngang ti im tnh ng sut
l phn din tch b ct (l phn din tch gii hn bi chiu rng mt ct
ngang ti im tnh ng sut v mp ngoi ca mt ct ngang).
l m men tnh ca phn din tch b ct
c
x
S
C
A
University of Architechture
5.3. Un ngang phng (5)
ng sut tip trn mt ct
ngang ch nht
b
c
=b; I
x
=bh
3
/12;
S
x
C
=y
C
.A
C
=>
x
y
h
b=
y
b
c
t
max
A
C
2
2
1
2 2 2 2 4
c
x
h h b h
S y y b y
| |
| || |
= + =
| | |
\ .\ .
\ .
2 2
2 2
3 3
12 6
.
. 2 4 4
y y
zy
Q Q
b h h
y y
bh b bh
t
| | | |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
0
2
zy
h
y t = => =
ax
3
0
2
y
m
Q
y
bh
t = => =
University of Architechture
5.3. Un ngang phng (6)
ng sut tip trn mt ct
ngang ch I
Trong bng thp nh hnh,
cho cc kch thc h, b. s,
d, I
x
, S
x
m men tnh ca
tit din. Ta c
- Phn bng: b
c
=d
y
x
h
s
b
y
d
t
max
t
1
t
1
2
1
.
2
C
x x
S S d y =
2
1
.
2
y
zy x
x
Q
S d y
I d
| |
=
|
\ .
t
max
0 =>
y x
x
Q S
y
I d
t = =
2
1
1
=>
2 2 2
y
x
x
Q
h h
y s S d s
I d
t
(
| | | |
= =
(
| |
\ . \ .
(

University of Architechture
July 2009
Phn b ng sut tip trn tit din ch I
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (7)
4. iu kin bn
Xt tit din ch nht chu un ngang phng. Biu
ng sut trn tit din:
K, N - trng thi ng sut n
C- trng thi ng sut trt thun ty
B- trng thi ng sut phng c bit
x
y
N
K
C
B
M
x
z
max
t
min
o
max
o
h
/
2
h
/
2
max
o
max
o
min
o min
o
max
t
max
t
o
o
t
t
B
B
B
B
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (8)
Kimtra bn cho trng thi ng sut n
Mt ct ngang nguy him: mt ct c m men un ln
nht (vt liu do: tr tuyt i ca m men ln nht,
vt liu gin: m men m v m men dng ln
nht)
Vt liu do:
Vt liu gin:
{ } | |
max min
max , o o o s
| | | |
max min
;
k n
s s
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (9)
Kimtra bn cho trng thi ng sut trt thun ty
Mt ct nguy him: Mt ct c tr tuyt i Q
y
ln nht
Vt liu do:
Vt liu gin: Dng thuyt bn Mohr
| |
ax m
max t t s
| |
0
n
t
t =
- nu dng thc nghim tm t
0
| |
| |
2
o
t = - nu dng thuyt bn 3
| |
| |
3
o
t =
- nu dng thuyt bn 4
| |
| |
max
1
k
o
t t
o
s =
+
| |
| |
k
n
o
o
o
=
University of Architechture
July 2009
5.3. Un ngang phng (10)
Kim tra bn cho trng thi ng sut phng c bit
Mt ct ngang nguy him: c tr tuyt i Mx v Qy
cng ln
im kim tra: im c ng sut php v ng sut tip
cng ln (im tip gip gia lng v vi mt ct
ngang ch I)
Dm bng vt liu do:
Dm bng vt liu gin:
o = o + t
2 2
t z zy
( ) 4( ) (TB3)
o = o + t
2 2
t z zy
( ) 3( ) (TB4)
| |
2 2
1 1
4
2 2
z z zy
k
o o
o o t o
+
+ + s
University of Architechture
BI TP V d 5.1 (1)
BI:
Cho dm mt ct ngang ch nht chu ti trng nh hnh v
V biu cc thnh phn ng lc
Xc nh ng sut php cc i ti mt ct ngang nguy him
Kim tra iu kin bn cho dm, bit [o]=1,5 kN/cm
2
University of Architechture
July 2009
V d 5.1 (2)
BI GII:
Gii phng lin kt v xc nh cc phn lc
0 : 40kN 14kN
y B B D
F M R R = = = =

Dng phng php mt ct
Mt ct 1 - 1
( )( )
1 1
1 1 1
0 20 kN 0 20kN
0 20kN 0m 0 0
y
F Q Q
M M M
= = =
= + = =

Mt ct 2 - 2
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2
0 20 kN 0 20kN
0 20kN 2.5m 0 50kN m
y
F Q Q
M M M
= = =
= + = =

Mt ct 3 3
Mt ct 4 4
Mt ct 5 5
Mt ct 6 6
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
26kN 50kN m
26kN 28kN m
14kN 28kN m
14kN 0
Q M
Q M
Q M
Q M
= + =
= + = +
= = +
= =
University of Architechture
July 2009
V d 5.1 (3)
T biu cc thnh phn ng lc ta
thy, mt ct ngang nguy him ti B c:
max max
26kN 50kN m
B
Q M M = = =
Q
kN
M
kNm
ng sut php cc i
( )( )
2
2
1 1
6 6
6 3
3
max
max
6 3
0.080m 0.250m
833.33 10 m
50 10 N m
833.33 10 m
x
x
W bh
M
W
o

= =
=

= =

6 2
max
60.0 10 Pa=60MPa=6kN/cm o =
Ta thy: o
max
> [o] => Dm khng tho
mn iu kin bn
University of Architechture
V d 5.2 (1)
Cho dm mt ct ngang thp ch I chu ti trng nh hnh
v. Bit ng sut cho php ca thp [o]=16 kN/cm
2
. Hy
chn s hiu mt ct ngang thp theo iu kin bn ng
sut php ca dm.
University of Architechture
V d 5.2 (2)
Xc nh phn lc lin kt ti A v D
( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
5m 60kN 1.5m 50kN 4m 0
58.0kN
58.0kN 60kN 50kN=0
52.0kN
A D
D
y A
A
M V
V
F V
V
= =
=
= +
=

V biu lc ct v m men un ni lc.

52.0kN
60kN
8kN
A A
B A q
B
Q V
Q Q S
Q
= =
= =
=
M men ln nht ti:
Q = 0 => z = 2,6 m.
max
( ) 67.6kNm
Q
M S AE = =
Q
kN
58
66
M
max
M
kNm
University of Architechture
V d 5.2 (3)
iu kin bn theo ng sut php ca
dm:
| |
max
min
2
6 3 3
67.6kN m
16kN/cm
422.5 10 m 422.5 m
M
W
c
o

= =
= =
| |
| |
max max
max x
x
M M
W
W
o o
o
= s >
Chn s hiu thp t bng tra
3
x
W [mm ]
I 27 371
I 27a 407
I 30 472
I 30a 518
I 33 597
Thep
30 I
University of Architechture
July 2009

CC VN SINH VIN CN NM VNG








Phn bit trng thi trt thun ty v un
thun ty
Cc cng thc tnh ng sut php v ng
sut tip
Cc cng thc tnh ng sut cc tr

Kim tra cu kin theo iu kin bn cho vt
liu do v gin

















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Thank You
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