BI 3. XC NH HM LNG CHLORIDE BNG PHNG FAJANS I. C S L THUYT Chun kt ta thng hnh thnh khng ph bin.

. Tuy nhin, chng c s dng rng ri xc nh cc hp chat halogenua, clo (Cl-), brom (Br-) v It (I-), s dng Nitrat bc nh l mt cht chun. Trong phn thi nghim ny, Clorua s c xc nh bng cch chun vi Nitrat bc bng cch s dng Dichlorofluorescein nh l mt ch th. Phng ny gi l phng php Fajans. Lng Clorua trong mu vi lng khng tan trong dung dch c cha ion Ag+ d: Ag+(aq) + Cl- (aq)

AgCl(s)

Ksp = 1.82 x 10-10

Vic xc nh im cui c th c xc nh bng cch s dng ch th hp th Dichlorofluorescein. Nu phn ng xy ra trong dung dch trung ha th ch th s phn ly to anion Dichlorofluorescinate, thng k hiu l In-. Trc im tng ng, Ag+ l cht chun, Cl- d. Lng d Cl- c hp th trn b mt cc ht kt ta v ch th In- b y ra bi in tch m. Ag+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)

AgCl:Cl-(s)

Ti im tng ng, c rt t hoc khng cn lng Cl- d, ion Ag+ hp th ion. in tch kt ta thay i t in tch m thnh in tch dng v In- b hp th AgCl: AgCl: Cl-(s) + Ag+(aq) Ag+(s) + In-(aq)

AgCl:Ag+(s) + Cl-(aq) AgCl:Ag+In-(s) mu hng

mu vng

S thay i mu : Mu vng mu hng Ch th anion (mu vng) to thnh ion phc Ag+, hp th trn b mt kt ta AgCl, lm thay i c tnh nh sang ca n, c bit l mu sc ca n. Ph thuc vo din tch b

mt kt ta. Cc b mt ln thng to thnh nhng ht keo, n nh cc ht keo ta dng Dexin l cht thm vo bo v cc ht keo. iu quan trng khi chun l nh hng ca s khuch tn nh sng ( hin tng quang ln) ca AgCl hon li mu hng cho dung dch, lm kh khn trong nhn bit mu ti im cui ( mu hng nht t mu hng ta ban u). II. Dng c v ha chat 1. Dng c - Erlen 250ml - Bnh nh mc - Beaker - Burette III. Tin hnh th nghim 1. Thc hnh A. iu ch v chun dung dch AgNO3 0.1M - Ly khong 1g NaCl vo beaker, sau lm lnh khong 15 n 30 pht. - Ha tan 8.5g AgNO3 trong 500ml nc ct. Ta c dung dch AgNO3 0.1M. - Cn chnh xc ( n 0.0001g) 0.15-0.20g NaCl t bc mt vo erlen 250ml - Ha tan NaCl bc 3 vi 60ml nc ct. Ch : v khi lng NaCl trong dung dch l rt quan trng nn s dng bnh nh mc ly 60ml nc ct. - Thm 10 git ch th dichlorofluorescein v khong 0.1g Dexin ( khng cn cn chnh xc Dexin) vo dung dch NaCl. 2. Ha cht - AgNO3 0.1M - Dichlorofluorescein - Dexin

- Ra Burret t nht 3 ln vi nc ct v mt ln vi dung dch AgNO3 0.1M. y burret dung dch AgNO3 v ch phi loi b ht bt kh trong burret. - Sau , chun dung dch NaCl bng dung dch AgNO3 cho n khi dung dch xut hin mu hng. c kt qu chnh xc n 0.01ml. - Chun thc hin trong 3 ln B. Chun mu nc thy cc - Dng pipet ht 10ml nc thy cc - Sau tin hnh chun nh bc 4 n bc 7 trn. - Cng tin hnh th nghim trong 3 ln. 2. Tnh ton: Nng molar ca dung dch AgNO3 % lch chun tng i % Cl% Cl- ca mi ln chun % lch chun tng i