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Reported speech - Indirect speech

(Li ni tng thut - Li ni gin tip)

+ Cu tng thut cn gi l cu ni gin tip l li ca ngi ni c thut li mt cch gin tip bi mt ngi khc. + Cu tng thut gm c hai phn: Mnh chnh v mnh tng thut. ng t tng thut mnh chnh thng l say, tell, complain, explain, object, point out, ... + Khi ta i t cu ni trc tip sang gin tip, ta cn ch n nhng im sau: 1. Khi ng t tng thut mnh chnh l th Hin Ti n, Hin Ti Hon Thnh, Tng Lai n, th ng t trong mnh tng thut khng thay i v th / thi m ch thay i cc i t nhn xng, tnh t s hu, i t s hu hoc i t phn thn cho ph hp vi ch ng. C th l: Direct (Trc tip) Ngi th nht Ngi th hai Ngi th ba Indirect (Gin tip) Ngi th ba (cng mt ngi vi ch ng trong mnh chnh) i thnh cng mt ngi vi tn ng trong mnh chnh. Lp li - gi nguyn khng thay i. Bng cc i t Ngi th nht TNX S : TNX O: S t TTSH TSH TFT : : : I me my mine myself we us : : our ours Ngi th hai you you your yours yourself you you your yours : yourselve s he him his his himself Ngi th ba she her her hers herself they them their theirs themselves it it its its itself

TNX S : TNX O: S nhiu TTSH TSH TFT ourselves

Note: + Khi thay i i t nhn xng, ng t trong mnh tng thut ca cu ni gin tip phi chia cho ph hp vi ch ng. Ex: + Mary says, I am fine. Mary says that she is fine. + He says, I go to school everyday. He says that he goes to school everyday. + Nu ng t tng thut mnh chnh l say to th sang cch ni gin tip thng phi i thnh tell. Ex: + The teacher says to him, You must do your exercises by yourself. The teacher tells him that he must do his exercises by himself.

2 The teacher says that he must do his exercises by himself. + Ta c th dng hoc b lin t that khi ng t tng thut l say, tell nhng n phi b (khng c dng) trong cu hi gin tip hoc cu mnh lnh gin tip. _ Nu khng c ch ng hoc ng t hoc tn ng trong mnh chnh cu ni trc tip th sang gin tip ta tm mt ch ng , ng t hoc tn ng cho ph hp vi ng cnh. 2. Khi ng t tng thut mnh chnh l th qu kh, ng t trong mnh tng thut phi thay i v th / thi (thng thng l li li mt th tng ng). C th l : Direct (Trc tip) + Simple Present n) Indirect (Gin tip) K: S + Ved/V(ct 2) + O + ... P: S + did not + V(inf) + ... NV: if/ whether+ S + V-ed/ V(II) + ... ? (Th Hin Ti + Simple Past (Th Qu Kh n)

K: S + V(inf)/Vs/es + O + ... P: S + dont/doesnt + V(inf) + ... NV: Do/Does + S + V(inf) + ... ?

+ Past Continuous (Th Qu Kh + Present Continuous (Th Hin Tip Din) Ti Tip Din) K: S + was/were + V-ing + O + ... K: S + am/is/are + V-ing +... P: S + was/were + not + V-ing + O P: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing +... NV: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing + ... ? + Simple Past (Th Qu Kh n) K: S + Ved/V(ct 2) + O + ... P: S + did not + V(inf) + O + ... NV: Did + S + V(inf) + O ... ? +... NV: if/ whether + S +was/were + V-ing + ... ? + Past Perfect (Th Qu Kh Hon Thnh) K: S + had + Vpp + O + ...

P: S + had not + Vpp + O ... + Present Perfect (Th hin Ti NV: if/ whether + S + had +Vpp + O Hon Thnh) + ... ? K: S + have/has + Vpp + O + ... + Past Perfect (Th Qu Kh Hon P: S + have/has + not + Vpp + O + ... Thnh) NV: Have/Has + S + Vpp + ...? K: S + had + Vpp + O + ... + Past Continuous (Th Qu Kh P: S + had not + Vpp + O ... Tip Din) NV: if/ whether + S + had + Vpp + O + K: S + was/were + V-ing + O + ... ... ? P: S + was/were + not + V-ing + O + Past Perfect Continuous (Th +... QKHT Tip Din) NV: Was/Were + S + V-ing + ... ? K: S + had + been + V-ing + O +... + Present Perfect Continuous (Th P: S + had + not + been + V-ing + O HTHT Tip Din) +... K: S + have/has + been + V-ing + O NV: if/ whether + S + had + been + V+... ing + O + ... ? P: S + have/has + not + been + V-ing + Past Perfect Continuous (Th + O +... QKHT Tip Din) NV: Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + O K: S + had + been + V-ing + O +... + ... ?

3 + Simple Future (Th Tng Lai P: S + had + not + been + V-ing + O n) +... K: S + will/shall + V(inf) + O + ... NV: if/ whether + S + had + been + VP: S + will/shall + not + V(inf) + O ing + O + ... ? + ... + Future in the past (Th tng lai qu kh) NV: Will/Shall + S + V(inf) + O + ... ? K: S + would + V(inf) + O + ... + Must (phi) P: S + would + not + V(inf) + O + ... NV: if/ whether + S+ would + V(inf) + O + ... ? + had to (hin ti) / would have to (tng lai) The special cases (nhng trng hp c bit) _ Khi i t cu ni trc tip sang gin tip, ta khng i th ca ng t mnh ph - mnh tng thut trong cc trng hp sau d mnh chnh th qu kh n (Simple Past) 1. ng t trong mnh tng thut cu ni trc tip c thi gian xc nh. Ex: He said, I visted Uncle Hos Mausoleum in 1989. _ He said that he visited Uncle Hos Mausoleum in 1989. 2. ng t trong mnh tng thut cu ni trc tip l cu iu kin loi 2, 3. Ex: He said, If I were you, I wouldnt come here. _ He said if he were me, he wouldnt come there. 3. Qu kh gi nh (Past subjunctive ) trong mnh sau wish hoc as if.... Ex: Peter said, I wish I were a girl. _ Peter said that he wished he were a girl. 4. Trong li ni trc tip c: could, would, should, might, used to, would rather, had better, ... Ex: Tom said to me, You had better not contract her. _ Tom said to me that I had better not contract her. 5. Khi cu trc tip din t mt chn l hay mt hnh ng c lp i lp li thng xuyn theo thi quen hin ti. Ex: He said, The earth moves around the sun. _ He said that the earth moves around the sun. She said, I get up at 5 oclock every morning. _ She said that she gets up at 5 oclock every morning. 3. Nhng t ch nhng g gn c i thnh nhng t ch nhng g xa. Nhng t ny cc tnh t ch nh hoc trng t, trng ng ch thi gian a im. C th l: Direct (Trc tip) + This + That Indirect (Gin tip)

4 + These + Here + Now + Today + Tonight + Ago + Tomorrow + Yesterday + Last night + Tomorrow night + The day before yesterday (hm kia) + The day after tomorrow (ngy mt) + Next year / week + Last year / week + A year ago + Note: Nhng trng t nh today, yesterday, tomorrow trong cu ni trc tip nu c tng thut li cng mt ngy vi ngi ni th khng cn thit phi thay i thi gian. Ex: He said, I will go tomorrow _ He said he would go tomorrow. (ni li cng ngy) _ He said he would go the next day. (ni li khng cng ngy) + Those + There + Then (By gi) + That day (ngy hm ) + That night (ti hm ) + Before + The next day The following day + The day before The privious day + The night before + The following night The next night + Two days before (2 hm trc) + In two days time (trong 2 ngy na) + The following year / week or the next year + The privious year / week + A year before / The privious year (ngy hm trc) (ngy hm sau)

Nhng s thay i trn u c p dng cho cc loi cu trn thut di y:

I. Commands, requests, invitations, offers, advice in reported speech: _ Thng dng vi cc ng t tng thut mnh chnh nh: order, command (ra lnh) ; request, ask (yu cu) ; beg (xin, van xin) ; tell (bo) ; advise (khuyn) ; remind (nhc nh, nhc) ; .... _ Nu c t please th b khi sang gin tip. _ Nu khng c ch ng hoc ng t hoc tn ng trong mnh chnh cu ni trc tip th sang gin tip ta tm mt ch ng , ng t hoc tn ng cho ph hp vi ng cnh. Form: Khng nh

S + asked/told/ordered/advised/.. + O + to infinitive + ...

Ex: + The officer gave the order: Fire !

5 _ The officer ordered the soldiers to fire. + He said to the servant, Please bring me some hot water. _ He told the servant to bring him some hot water. + She said to me, Remember to go home before ten. _ She reminded me to go home before ten. + Hurry up, Lan. _ He told Lan to hurry up. + Shut the door, please. _ He told me to shut the door. Form: Ph nh

S + asked/told/ordered/advised/.. infinitive + ...

Ex: + He said, Dont shut the door. _ He asked me not to shut the door. + She said to them, Dont be late tomorrow. _ He told them not to be late the next day. + Never do that again. _ She advised her son not to do that again. + Dont leave the room. _ He ordered them not to leave the room. + Please dont tell anybody what happened. _ She asked me not to tell anybody what had happened.

+ O + not + to

+ The students said, Teacher, dont give us bad marks, please. _ The students asked their teacher not to give them bad marks. + Dont believe everything you hear, he warned me. _ He warned me not to believe everything I heard.

II.

Cu hi gin tip (Indirect Questions):

+ ng t tng thut trong cu hi gin tip thng l: ask; wonder; inquire; want to know;... . Nu ng t tng thut cu hi trc tip l said; said to hoc told th phi i thnh asked. + Trong cu hi gin tip, ch ng ng trc ng t, khng c o ng, khng dng tr ng t do / does / did. Khng dng lin t that, du chm hi phi b i. 1. i Yes - No questions thnh cu hi gin tip: Form:

S + V1 + (O) + + ...

if Whether

+ S + V2

6 Ex: + Is anyone there ?, he asked. He asked if / whether anyone was there. (Anh ta hi c ai hay khng) + Do you know Bill ?, he said. He asked if / whether I knew Bill. (Anh ta hi ti c bit Bill hay khng) + She said, Are you hungry, John ? She asked John if / whether he was hungry. (C ta hi John liu anh ta c i hay khng) + Have you seen that film ?, He said to her. He asked if she had seen that film. + She said, Will Tom be here tomorrow ?. She wondered if Tom would be there the day after. Note: + Ta c th dng cu trc: whether + to infinitive sau cc ng t wonder; want to know: Ex: Shall I wait for them or go on ?, he wondered. He wondered whether to wait for them or go on. (Anh ta thc mc l nn i h hay l i tip) He wondered whether he should wait for tyhem or go on. (Anh ta thc mcliu anh ta c nn i h hay ...) + whether cn thng c dng trong cu c mnh iu kin trnh trng hp c hai t if. Ex: If you get the job, will you move to New York ?, Bill asked. Bill asked whether if I got the job, I would move to New York. 2. i WH - Questions thnh cu hi gin tip: + T hi trong cu hi trc tip tr thnh lin t trong cu hi gin tip. Form: S + V1 + (O) + t hi + S + V2 + ... Ex: + What is her name ?, Bill asked me. wondered. Bill asked me what her name was. + He said, Where does she live ? He asked where she lived. + Mary said, What do they do ? passport ? Mary asked what they did / do. not find her passport. + Why did they do that ?, he

He wondered why they had done that. + What time does the film begin ?. + What will happen if she can not find her

He wanted to know what time the film began.

He wondered what would happen if she could

Note: Trong trng hp cu trc tip c c cu trn thut ln cu hi th khi i sang cu gin tip, phn no vn c i theophn y. Ex: He said, I have left my watch at home. Can you tell me the time ?. He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tell him the time. III. Cu trn thut gin tip (Indirect statements).

7 + ng t trn thut mnh chnh thng l say, tell. + Cch bin i trong loi cu ny c p dng nh cc im ch 1,2,3 phn trn (bao gm th ca ng t, cc i t, t ch gn thnh t ch xa,.... Ex: + Mary said, I am fine. Mary said (that) she was fine. + He said, I go to school everyday. He said (that) he went to school everyday. + Nu ng t tng thut mnh chnh l say to th sang cch ni gin tip thng phi i thnh tell. Ex: + The teacher said to him, You must do your exercises by yourself. The teacher told him that he had to do his exercises by himself. The teacher said that he had to do his exercises by himself. IV. Cu cm thn gin tip. Khi mt cu cm thn c i t trc tip sang gin tip thng c m u bng ng t exclaim: ku ln, la ln. Ex: + What a lovely garden they have!. He exclaimed what a lovely garden they had. + How hot it is!. He explaimed how hot it was.

EXERCISES
Rewrite these sentences, using reported speech. 1. Charles said, Im living in London now.
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2. He said to us, You are my best friends.

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3. Johnny said to me, I dont know what Fred is doing.

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4. She said, I will answer the phone.

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5. He said to his friends, I must go home now.

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6. Hoa said, I cant go out after 8 p.m.

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7. She said to me, I will come and see you sa soon as I can.
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8. He said to me, Dont forget to post the letter.

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9. Nhi said, I dont know how to do this exercise.

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10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

She said, I must stay at home tomorrow. Hoa asked Tim, Do you like this place? _ No, I dont. Can you open your bag, please? said the customs officer. The man said to Nam, The clock will never work again if you try to repair it. The teacher asked Nga, Is Mount Everest the highest mountain in the world? _ Yes, it is.

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15. 16. 17. 18.

She said, Can you speak Spanish, Minh? Thanh said to her teacher, Will I finish my exercise at home? My friend said, Are you going to leave tomorrow? They said to us, Must you go now?

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19. 20. 21.

22.

I asked Nam, Are you free tonight? Nam said to me, He wants to come here but he isnt very well. Susan said, My sister is coming to see me next week. My husband said to me, Im going away for a few days. Ill phone you when I back. _ Whats the weather like? she asked me. Does Ann always go to church on Saturdays? He wondered. I wanted to know, How can I solve the problem? She said to us, Shut the door but dont lock it. Be modest if you are a good student, said my father. What country do you come from?, said Bill. What are you going to study?, asked Ann. They asked me, How many children are there in the school?. We asked, What time does the plane arrive?. Dont argue with your father, Hung said I. Please lend me your dictionary tomorrow, Quang, said Hoa. I have something to show you, I said to her. She wanted to know, How long will it take me to get there?. She said, How do you go to the circus?.

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get 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.
35.

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36.

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