Design of Buildings Homework Assignment

Masonry Design
University of Namibia: Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Prof. L. Haefner Group Members: Louw Z.V. (201085411) Sanyauke M.T. (200968645)

4/21/2013

Problem Statement

Perform the design for the three masonry walls of positions 1 to 3 using the simplified method of EC6, part 3 in the following steps: a) Calculate the design loads NEd considering the different load tributary areas of the slab from the support condition. b) Perform the final design NEd NRd for the three walls. Calculate the NRd for the three walls considering the various conditions for the effective height. c) For the short wall of position 3 perform, additionally, the design for a concentrated edge load with NRdc and the subsequently presented results for NEdc from the computer analysis (Fig.2). For NRdc calculation use the formula from the lecture notes, Masonry elements, and compare this result to the result obtained from the calculation made using the alternative formula from lecture notes extension page 7.

Solution: a)

Wall 1: NEd = 1.5 Qk + 1.35 Gk + 1.35 Dead Load Dead load = self-weight of wall x thickness of wall x height of wall = (16 kN/m3) (0.22 m) (3.6 m) = 12.672 kN/m NEd = [1.5 (4 kN/m2 x 3.676 m)] + [1.35 (7.5 kN/m2 x 3.676 m)] + 1.35 x 12.672 kN/m = 76.3827 kN/m

Wall 2: NEd = 1.5 Qk + 1.35 Gk + 1.35 (Dead Load + pier self-weight) Dead load = self-weight of wall x thickness of wall x height of wall = (16 kN/m3) (0.22 m) (3.6 m) = 12.672 kN/m Pier self-weight = self-weight x thickness x height of pier

= (16 kN/m3) (3.6 m) (0.3 m) = 17.28 kN/m NEd = [1.5 (4 kN/m2 x 3.676 m)] + [1.35 (7.5 kN/m2 x 3.676 m)] + 1.35 (12.672 kN/m + 17.28 kN/m) = 76.3827 kN/m

Wall 3: NEd = 680 kN/m ; provided as the results from a computer analysis.

Solution: b)

Wall 1: NRd = s x teff x fk/ Where; fk = 6.6 MPa; = 2.3 Using condition 1 from Tble 5.8 in the lecture notes we find: s = 0.85 0.0011 (hef/tef)2 Where: heff = . h From table 5.9: = 0.75 heff = 0.75 x 3.6 m = 2.7 m

teff = t = 0.22 m therefore: s = 0.85 0.0011 (2.7/0.22)2 = 0.68431 NRd = 0.68431 x 0.22 m x 6.6 MPa/2.3 = 1.2396 MN/m = 1.24 MN/m : Therefore: NEd NRd

Wall 2: NRd = s x teff x fk/ Where; fk = 6.6 MPa; = 2.3 Using condition 1 from Tble 5.8 in the lecture notes we find: s = 0.85 0.0011 (hef/tef)2 Where: heff = . h From table 5.9: =1 heff = 1 x 3.6 m = 3.6 m teff = t x t; Therefore: s = 0.85 0.0011 (3.6 m/0.2486 m)2 = 0.6188 NRd = 0.6188 x 0.2486 m x 6.6 MPa/2.3 = 440.99 kN/m : Therefore: NEd NRd t is found by interpolating values from table 5.5 which yields a value of 1.13

teff = 1.13 x 0.22 m = 0.2486 m

Wall 3: NRd = s x teff x fk/ Where; fk = 6.6 MPa; = 2.3 Using condition 1 from Tble 5.8 in the lecture notes we find: s = 0.85 0.0011 (hef/tef)2 Where: heff = . h From table 5.9: =1 heff = 1 x 3.6 m = 3.6 m teff = 1 x 0.22 m = 0.22 m s = 0.85 0.0011 (3.6 m/0.22 m)2 = 0.5554 NRd = 0.5554 x 0.22 m x 6.6 MPa/2.3 = 350.66 kN/m : NEd NRd

We perform a check according to EC6 part 3 by following the design summary:

Wall 1: a) The structure meets all the requirements of table 5.7 b) heff = 2.7 m c) This wall is not stiffened by piers, therefore: teff = t = 0.22 m d) Slenderness ratio: heff/teff 27: 2.7 m/0.22 m = 12.27 27 e) Cross sectional area = 0.22 m x 10 m = 2.2 m2 0.1 m2: Therefore A = 1 f) s = 0.85 0.0011 (2.7/0.22)2 = 0.68431 g) Ultimate applied load F = 71.9475 kN/m x 10 m = 719.475 kN h) fd = (F/A) (A x s) = 223.7926 kPa i) m = 2.3 j) fk = fd x m = 514.723 kPa Wall 2: a) The structure meets all the requirements of table 5.7 b) heff = 3.6 m c) teff =t x t; t = 1.13 teff = 1.13 x 0.22 m = 0.2486 m d) Slenderness ratio: heff/teff 27: 3.6 m/0.2486 m = 14.481 27 e) Cross sectional area = 0.22 m x 5.8 m = 1.276 m2 0.1 m2: Therefore A = 1 f) s = 0.85 0.0011 (3.6/0.2486)2 = 0.6193 g) Ultimate applied load F = 74.668 kN/m x 5.8 m = 433.077 kN h) fd = (F/A) (A x s) = 210.19 kPa i) m = 2.3 j) fk = fd x m = 483.44 kPa

Solution: c)
Using the formula taken from the notes: NRdc = [1.2 + 0.4 (a1/hc)] x fd x Ab Where: fd is the design compressive strength of the masonry = 6.6 MPa/2.3 = 2.87 MPa; Ab is the loaded area = 0.22 m x 0.5 m = 0.11 m2; a1 is the distance from the end of the wall to the concentrated load = 0.25 m; hc is the height, from floor level, to the load = 3.6 m. NRdc = [1.2 + 0.4 (0.25 m2/3.6 m)] x 2870 kN/m2 x 0.11 m2 = 387.55 kN/m NRdc NEd ; The condition is therefore not satisfied From the extra notes: NRdc = x Ab x fd = (1 + 0.3 x a1/hc) (1.5 1.1 x Ab/Aef) = 1.1665 NRdc = 1.1665 x 0.11 m2 x 2870 kN/m2 = 368.20 kN/m NRdc NEd ; The condition is therefore not satisfied Redesign: a) The structure meets all the requirements of table 5.7 b) heff = 3.6 m c) teff = t = 0.22 m d) Slenderness ratio: heff/teff 27: 3.6 m/0.22 m = 16.36 27 e) Cross sectional area = 0.22 m x 2 m = 0.44 m2 0.1 m2: Therefore A = 1 f) s = 0.85 0.0011 (3.6 m/0.22 m)2 = 0.555 g) Ultimate applied load F = 680 kN/m x 0.5 m = 340 kN h) fd = (F/A) (A x s) = 1.716 MPa i) m = 2.3 j) fk = fd x m = 3.948 MPa

Conclusion:

When looking, logically, at the total applied force of 680 kN/m we see that it is applied only over an area of 50 cm which actually yields an ultimate load of: F = 680 kN/m x 0.5 m = 340 kN This force acts on an area of 0.22 m x 0.5 m yielding an ultimate pressure of: 340 kN/0.22 m2 = 3090.91 kPa = 3.091MPa (fult, design) This value is less than fk provided M12 material chosen for the masonry wall which is 3.948 MPa (fk, material) Therefore: fult, design fk, material; 3.091 3.948 The already existing wall appears to be able to support the weight applied to it as it already has an fk value of 6.6 MPa, therefore the design is satisfied.