G.

Sayiram AssistantProfessor SMBSManufacturing VITUniversity

QueuingModel
The word queue comes, via French, from the Latin cauda, meaningtail. QueueDefinition: Thequeueiswherecustomerswaitbeforebeingserved. QueueExample: Carswaitingatastoplight Patientswaitingatanoutpatientclinic Brokenmachineswaitingtobeservicedbyarepairman
Served Customers Queue Customers CCCCCCC C C C C Served Customers Queueing System S S S S

Service facility

WhyQueuingModel:

A long waiting time may result dissatisfaction among customersorlossofcustomerstoanorganization. Waiting time can be reduced by providing additional service facilities, but it may result in an increase in the investmentandidletimeoftheservicemechanism. Todecidewhetherornottoinvest,itisimportanttoknow the effect of the investment on the waiting time and service. So we need models and techniques to analyze such situations WhatisQueuingModel Queuing Model is the mathematical study of waiting lines orqueues. In Queuing model, amathematical model is constructed so thatqueuelengthsandwaitingtimescanbepredicted. Thecostofprovidingserviceandthewaitingtimeofusers areminimized. History QueuingmodelhasitsoriginsinresearchbyAgnerKrarup Erlang when he created models to describe the Copenhagentelephoneexchange. The ideas have since seen applications including telecommunications, traffic engineering, computing and thedesignoffactories,shops,officesandhospitals.

ComponentsOfQueuingModels:

Arrival The time between consecutive arrivals to a queuing systemarecalledtheinterarrivaltimes. The expected number of arrivals per unit time is referred toasthemeanarrivalrate. Thesymbolusedforthemeanarrivalrateis = Mean arrival rate for customers coming to thequeuingsystem,where istheGreekletterlambda. The mean of the probability distribution of inter arrival timesis 1/=Expectedinterarrivaltime

 Most queuing models assume that the form of the probability distribution of inter arrival times is an exponentialdistribution.
The Exponential Distribution for Interarrival Times

M ea n

T im e

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

11.1

The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008

Service Thetimetakenbyaservertocompleteserviceisknownas servicetime

 Whenacustomerentersservice,theelapsedtimefromthe beginning to the end of the service is referred to as the servicetime. Basic queuing models assume that the service time has a particularprobabilitydistribution. The symbol used for the mean of the service time distribution is 1 / = Expected service time whereistheGreeklettermu. The interpretation of m itself is the mean service rate.

= Expected service completions per unit time forasinglebusyserver.

Server The number of servers available to serve customers enteringaqueuingsystem.Thenumberofserversmustbe

awholenumberthatisgreaterthanorequaltoone. QueueDiscipline Itistheorderinwhichthemembersofthequeueare offeredservice.customersareselectedforservicewhena queuehasformedlikeFIFO/FCFS,LIFOetc Waitingtimeinqueue Timespentbyacustomerinthequeuebeforebeing served.

 Mostqueuingsystemsassumecustomersareservedfirst comefirstserved Ifcertaincustomersaregivenpriority,apriorityqueueing modelcanbeused.

CustomerBehavior

Balking.Acustomermaynotliketojointhequeuedueto longwaitingline. Reneging.Acustomermayleavethequeueafterwaiting forsometimeduetoimpatience. Collusion.Severalcustomersmaycooperateandonlyone ofthemmaystandinthequeue. Jockeying.Whenthereareanumberofqueues,acustomer maymovefromonequeuetoanotherinhopeofreceiving theservicequickly.