Toss-Up One: An excess of this molecules can result in the production of excess citrate or the formation of ketone bodies

which can lead to ketosis. This molecule is also an important component to the only neurotransmitter used in the motor division of the somatic nervous system. For ten points, name this important molecule in metabolism that is converted from pyruvate and functions to convey carbon atoms to the Krebs cycle to be oxidized. Acetyl Coenzyme A (Acetyl- CoA) Bonuses: Answer these questions associated with cellular respiration. i.) This coenzyme is a reducing agent that, along with FADH2, donates electrons for oxidative phosphorylation. NADH (Do not accept NAD+ or NAD) or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen ii.) In oxidative phosphorylation, inner membrane proteins pump out hydrogen ions into this region of mitochondria causing an electrochemical gradient across the inner membrane. Intermembrane Space Toss-Up Two: After a member of the Swabian branch of the House of Hohenzollern had been offered the vacant Spanish throne and declined, Count Vincent Benedetti demanded Wilhelm I that no other Hohenzollern prince ever again be permitted to be a candidate to the Spanish throne. This led to the Ems Dispatch, which led to the mobilization of France and its later declaration of war. For ten points, what is this 19th century war, also known as the War of 1870 in France which lead to the demise of the Second French Empire and formation of the German Empire? Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (Accept War of 1870 before it is read) Bonuses: Answer these questions about the Franco-Prussian War i.) This was the treaty that ended the Franco Prussian War and established the boundary between the French Third Republic and the newly unified German Empire which annexed Alsace-Lorraine. Treaty of Frankfurt ii.) This is political scandal occurred in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War and involved a French officer of Jewish descent having allegedly communicated French military secrets to the Parisian German Embassy. The Dreyfus Affair (accept laffaire Dreyfus)

Toss-Up Three: In his early life, he apprenticed with an apothecary and surgeon, but after receiving his apothecarys license he resolved instead to be a poet. He was not well received during his short lifetime of twenty five years, which was ended by tuberculosis. For ten points, name this English Romantic poet who is well known for his series of odes including Ode to a Grecian Urn and Ode to a Nightingale. John Keats Bonuses: Answer these questions about things associated with John Keats i.) This poem begins: A thing of beauty is a joy for ever. It is based on the Greek myth of a shepherd who was the lover of the moon goddess Selene, who Keats renamed Cynthia. Endymion ii.) This Argentinean poet stated that his first encounter with Keats was the most significant literary experience of his life. His works often deal with time, infinity, mirrors, and labyrinths. Jorge Luis Borges Toss-Up Four: In one of her works, Latour spends his life establishing the Roman Catholic church in New Mexico and in another work, Jim Burden goes to live with his grandparents farm after his parents die. She wrote about a family of Swedish immigrants in her Great Plains Trilogy, the first book of which is O Pioneers! Who was this Nebraskan author who is known for such works as Death Comes to the Archbishop and My Antonia? Willa Sibert Cather Bonuses: Answer these questions about writers that influenced Willa Cather i.) This transcendentalist and champion of individualism gave the speech The American Scholar after being invited to speak at Cambridge in recognition of his work Nature. Ralph Waldo Emerson ii.) Cather regarded this man as a might master of language and keen student of human actions and motives. He is known for such works as The Turn of the Screw, Daisy Miller, and The Ambassadors. Henry James

Toss-Up Five: One character in this work regularly describes billiards shots at inapt times. The protagonist has to sell her estate to pay off the debts she incurred during a five year stay at Paris. Yermolay Lopakhin proposes that the estate can be saved by splitting it up and leasing it out, but this idea is dismissed because the titular entity would have to be destroyed. Name this Anton Chekhov play which ends with the protagonists eighty seven year old manservant silently dying after being left behind the Ranevsky Estate. The Cherry Orchard Bonuses: Answer these questions about other works by Anton Chekhov i.) The titular character of this play has wasted his entire life managing his brother-in-laws estate. He becomes devastated when he learns that the estate is to be sold. Uncle Vanya ii.) In this play, Nina Zarechnaya says that the lake of the Sorin Estate attracts her as if she were the titular bird. The Seagull