Tutorial radioactivity

helmi

1. (a) What is meant by radioactivity?

[1 mark / 1 markah]

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Diagram 1 shows the graph of activity against time for two radioactive sources, P and Q.

From the graph, determine (i) the time taken for the activity to decrease from 1600 to 800 for source P and source Q. [2 marks]

(ii) the time taken for the activity to decrease from 800 to 400 for source P and source Q [2 marks]

(c) Based on your answers in (b), (i) state one common characteristic of the time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to be halved. [1 mark ] _________________________________________________________________________________ (ii) name the time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to be halved [1 mark]

Tutorial radioactivity

helmi

__________________________________________________________________________________

(d) For the radioactive source Q, predict the time at which the activity will become 25 counts per minute. [1 mark]

2. Radioactive emissions can be used to trace the movement of fluids in the human body. A patient drinks a radioactive liquid that will act as a tracer for the movement of liquids in the digestive system.
Pemancaran radioaktif boleh digunakan untuk menyurih pergerakan bendalir dalam tubuh manusia. Seorang pesakit minum suatu cecair radioaktif yang akan bertindak sebagai suatu penyurih untuk pergerakan cecair dalam sistem pencernaan.

(a) (i) What is meant by radioactive emission?

pemancaran radioaktif? [1 mark]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan

___________________________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the most suitable type of radioactive emission that should be emitted by the liquid? Give a reason for your answer . Apakah jenis pemancaran
radioaktif yang paling sesuai dipancarkan oleh cecair itu? Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda. [2 marks / 2 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (iii) State one important characteristic of the radioactive liquid. Give a reason for your answer. Nyatakan satu ciri penting bagi cecair radioaktif itu.
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda. [2 marks / 2 markah]

___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ (b) Diagram 2 shows the use of radioactive emission in controlling the thickness of rubber sheets in a factory. Rajah 2 menunjukkan penggunaan
pemancaran radioaktif untuk mengawal ketebalan kepingan getah di sebuah kilang.

Tutorial radioactivity

helmi

(i)

Explain the suitability of each characteristic of the design to be used in the controlling of the thickness of the rubber sheets. Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri
reka bentuk yang digunakan untuk mengawal ketebalan kepingan getah. [8 marks / 8 markah]

(ii)

Determine the most suitable design to be used and give one reason for your choice. Tentukan reka bentuk yang paling sesuai digunakan dan berikan satu sebab bagi
pilihan anda. [2 marks / 2 markah]

(c) Nuclear reactions release a much larger amount of energy than chemical reactions. This type of reaction releases energy by mass defect. The following equation shows a nuclear reaction . Tindak balas nukleus membebaskan amaun tenaga yang jauh
lebih besar daripada tindak balas kimia. Tindak balas jenis ini membebaskan tenaga melalui cacat jisim. Persamaan berikut menunjukkan suatu tindak balas nukleus.

Tutorial radioactivity

helmi

(i)

What is meant by mass defect? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan cacat jisim? [1
mark / 1 markah]

____________________________________________________________________________ (ii) State the type of nuclear reaction in the equation. Nyatakan jenis tindak balas
nukleus yang ditunjukkan oleh persamaan itu. [1 mark / 1 markah] _____________________________________________________________________________________________

(iii)

Calculate the amount of energy released in joules. Hitung amaun tenaga yang
dibebaskan dalam joule.