Name: Rahul

Class: XII Science

Topic: Electromagnetic wave
Submitted to: Mr. Rajesh Chauhan
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks
of gratitude to my physics teacher “Mr.
Rajesh Chauhan” for their able guidance
and support in completing my project.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to

Principal Sir “Fr. Jerry Paul Lobo” and
School Co-ordinator”Mr. Rajesh Bhatiya”
for providing me with all the facilities that
was required.

Rahul
th
12 Science
Content:

1) Electromagnetic waves
2) Source of electromagnetic waves
3) Properties of electromagnetic waves
4) Electromagnetic Spectrum
5) Radio waves
6) Micro waves
7) Infra Rays
8) Visible Light
9) Ultra Violet
10) X-Rays
11) Gamma Rays
Electromagnetic waves:
The wave of the electric field and the wave of the magnetic field are propagated
perpendicularly to the direction of propagation and to each other. At extremely
low frequencies, the electric field and the magnetic field are specified
separately. At higher frequencies, electric and magnetic fields are not separable,
and are named "electromagnetic waves" or "electromagnetic fields"
fields".

Source of Electromagnetic waves:

A charge at rest produces an electric field only but no magnetic field . A moving
charge with uniform velocity produces both electric and magnetic field but no
electromagnetic wave. According to Maxwell’s theory “an an accelerated charge
radiates electromagnetic waves
waves” .
Properties of Electromagnetic wave:
1) Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature.
2) They do not require any material medium for their propagation.
3) Electromagnetic waves are produced by accelerating or oscillating charge.
4) Electromagnetic waves travels with speed of light i.e. 3x0^8 M/s in free
space.
5) The velocity of electromagnetic waves depends entirely on electric and
magnetic properties of medium in which they travel.

Electromagnetic Spectrum:
The order of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing
frequency .
Radio Waves < Microwaves < Infrared Rays < Visible rays < Ultraviolet Rays < X-Rays < Gamma ray

Radio Waves:
1) These are the electromagnetic waves of frequency from a few Hz to
10^9Hz.
2) These waves are produced by oscillating electric ciruit.
3) Radio waves are used for wireless communication.
4) Radio waves are used in radioastronomy.
 5) Radio waves of frequency less than 40 MHz are used for ground wave
propagation.
6) Radio waves of frequency 80MHz to 200MHz are used in television.
7) Radio waves of frequency from 300MHz to 3000MHz are used in cellular
phone.

Microwaves:
1) Microwaves are electromagnetic waves of frequency from 1GHz to 300
GHz .
2) These are produced by special vaccum tubes.
3) Microwaves are used in radar systems.
4) Microwave ovens are used for cooking.
5) Microwaves are used in study of atomic and molecular structures.
6) Microwaves are used in long distance telephone communication systems.
Infra-Red Rays:
1) Infra-Red Rays are electromagnetic waves of frequency from 3x10^11Hz to
4x10^14 Hz.
2) These are produced by hot bodies and molecules.
3) These are used in physical therapy .
4) For producing dehydrated fruits.
5) In Solar water heaters and cookers.

Visible light:
1) Visible light is electromagnetic waves of frequency from 4x10^14 Hz to
8x10^14 Hz.
2) It is produced by excitation of atoms.
 3) The visible light emitted or reflected helps us to see the surrounding
world.

Ultraviolet Rays:
1) Ultraviolet Rays are the electromagnetic waves of frequency from 8x10^14
Hz to 5x10^16 Hz .
2) These are produced by arcs of mercury and iron.
3) Used in burglar alarms.
4) To study molecular structure.
5) For checking mineral samples by the property of ultraviolet ray causing
fluorescence.
6) To destroy the bacteria.
7) To preserve the food stuff.
X-Rays:
1) X-Rays are the electromagnetic waves of frequency from 10^16 to
3x10^21 Hz.
2) These are produced when high energy electrons are decelerated.
3) These are in surgery for detection of fractures etc.
4) In Scientific research for studying structures etc.
5) In industry , For detecting pearls in oysters etc.
6) In engineering , for detecting Faults etc.
7) In detective department , X-rays are used.
Gamma-Rays:
1) Gamma-Rays are the high energy electromagnetic waves of frequency
from 3x10^18 Hz to 5x10^22 Hz.
2) Gamma Rays have nuclear origin and are produced by nucleus of
radioactive substances.
3) In treatment of cancer and tumours.
4) To produce nuclear reactions.
5) To preserve food stuff for long time .
6) Soft Gamma-Rays kill micro-organisms.
7) To Study the structure of atomic nucleus.