Accelerator-Produced Radionuclides

Presented to: Dr. Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Presented by: Sidra Nasir (1054)
What are Accelerators?
• Particle accelerators are often associated to high
energy (typically 10 to 20 MeV) in Nuclear
physics.
• In fact the use of radionuclide for advanced
medical imaging is strongly increasing in
conventional radiography (CT and MRI)
• And in nuclear medicine for SPECT and
PET imaging.
 How are Particle Accelerators used in Medicine?

medical
diagnosis
production of
radioisotopes
two primary therapy
roles for particle
accelerators
sources of medical
beams treatment
Accelerators used in different fields of Physics:
Radionuclides in Nuclear Medicine:
Macroscopic View:
Origin of Radionuclides: (Naturally)
What are Radionuclides?
Radionuclides are species of atoms that emit
radiation as they undergo radioactive decay
through the emission of alpha particles (α),
beta particles (β), or gamma rays (γ).
Production of Radionuclides:
• Nuclear Reactors
• Generators
• Accelerators
▫ Charged-Particle Accelerators
▫ Cyclotrons
How Charged-Particle Accelerator works?

• They are used to accelerate electrically

charged particles, such as protons,
deuterons (nuclei) and alpha particles
(nuclei) to very high energies.
• A particle accelerator is a machine that uses
electromagnetic fields to propel charged
particles to very high speeds and energies,
and to contain them in well-defined beams.
• Large accelerators are used for basic research
in particle physics.
Types of Reactions used in Charged- particle
accelerators:

(p,n) reaction (d,n) reaction

• Another example • For example

A (p,2n) reaction involves the A (d,3n) reaction involves the
release of two neutrons following release of three neutrons
proton capture. following deuteron capture.
Other Reactions:
• Some accelerators also use alpha particles to
bombard a target and produce
radionuclides.
• Indium-111 can be produced in this way using
the reaction:
Charged-Particle Accelerator (Medical Linear Accelerator):
Charge-Particle Accelerators:
Why medical physicists control radiations?
Van-De-Graff Generator:
Linear-Accelerators:(LINAC in Particle
Physics)
Cyclotron- A safer method to produce
Medical Isotopes:
Biomedical
Cyclotrons:
Many universities have their
own compact biomedical
cyclotrons for on sight
production of the shorter-lived,
positron-emitting
radionuclides.