WORKSHOP 11

Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model Using Symmetry

Objectives:
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Create a geometric representation of half an aircraft. Use the geometry model to define an analysis model comprised of bars and membranes. Create symmetric and antisymmetric boundary conditions. Submit the file for analysis in MSC.Nastran for Windows. Find the first five flexible modes of the airframe for each boundary condition.

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WORKSHOP 11

Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Model Description:
For this example, use the concept of symmetry to find the modes of a full aircraft using a half aircraft model and two boundary conditions. The model will consist of a row of BARS for the fuselage and a mesh of membrane elements for the wing and tail. Description: Aircraft Dimensions

50

450

25

150

50 400 100 200 100

Wing: Side View

10 450 5

Tail: Side View

5 150 2.5

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Table 1.1 - Material Properties of the aircraft components Fuselage, Area Fuselage, Moment of Inertia, I1 Fuselage, I2 Torsional Constant, J Wing Skin Thickness Wing Rib Thickness Tail Skin Thickness Tail Rib Thickness Mass/Weight Factor Youngs Modulus Shear Modulus Weight Density 7.85 in2 9818 in4 9818 in4 19635 in4 0.050 in 0.005 in 0.010 in 0.005 in 2.59E-3 sec2/in 10.0E6 lbs/in2 3.7E6 lbs/in2 0.1 lbs/in3

Note: Fuselage Properties are 1/2 of a thin ring with r = 50 and t = 0.05

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Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Exercise Procedure:
1. Start up MSC.Nastran for Windows 4.0 and begin to create a new model. Double click on the icon labeled MSC.Nastran for Windows V4.0. On the Open Model File form, select New Model. Open Model File: 2. Create a material called mat_1. Model/Material... Title: Youngs Modulus: Shear Modulus: Mass Density: OK Cancel 3. Create properties. From the pulldown menu, select Model/Property. Model/Property... Title: Thickness, Tavg or T1: wing_skin 0.050 mat_1 10E6 3.7E6 0.1 New Model

To select the material, click on the list icon next to the databox and select mat_1. Material: Elem/Property Type... Plane Elements: OK
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1.. mat_1

q Membrane

OK Title: Thickness, Tavg or T1: OK Title: Thickness, Tavg or T1: OK Title: Elem/Property Type... Line Elements: OK Area, A: Moment of Inertia, I1 or Izz: I2 or Iyy: Torsional Constant, J: OK Cancel 4. Begin creating the geometry of the half aircraft. Geometry/Curve - Line/Continuous... X: X: X: X: X: 0 400 500 700 800 Y: Y: Y: Y: Y: 0 0 0 0 0 Z: Z: Z: Z: Z: 0 0 0 0 0 OK OK OK OK OK 7.85 9818 9818 19635 q Bar fuselage rib 0.005 tail_skin 0.01

Cancel

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WORKSHOP 11

Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

It will ask you, OK to close continuous line? No Turn the workplane off. View/Workplane... <F2> u Draw Workplane Done Adjust the view using the Autoscale and Rotate command. View/Autoscale <Ctrl+A> View/Rotate... <F8> Dimetric OK Create surfaces to represent the wing and tail skin. Geometry/Surface/Corners... Wing Lower Surface: X: X: X: X: 400 500 500 450 Y: Y: Y: Y: 50 50 500 500 Z: Z: Z: Z: 0 0 0 0 OK OK OK OK

Wing Upper Surface: X: X: X: X: 400 500 500 450 Y: Y: Y: Y: 50 50 500 500 Z: Z: Z: Z: 10 10 5 5 OK OK OK OK

Tail Lower Surface:

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X: X: X: X:

675 725 725 700

Y: Y: Y: Y:

50 50 200 200

Z: Z: Z: Z:

0 0 0 0

OK OK OK OK

Tail Upper Surface: X: X: X: X: 675 725 725 700 Y: Y: Y: Y: 50 50 200 200 Z: Z: Z: Z: 5 5 2.5 2.5 OK OK OK OK

Cancel Magnify the model to get a better view. View/Magnify... <Ctrl+M> Fill View OK Your display should look like the following. Figure 11.1 - Half Aircraft Geometry
Surface 2 Curve 20 Curve 12

Surface 1 Curve 18 Curve 10 Surface 4

Curve 36 Curve 28

Surface 3 Curve 34 Curve 26

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Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Create surfaces to represent the spar webs. Turn on the curve IDs. View/Options... <F6> Options: Label/Mode: OK
Curve ID

Geometry/Surface/Ruled... From Curve: From Curve: From Curve: From Curve: Cancel 5. Mesh the fuselage. Mesh/Mesh Control/Size Along Curve... <select fuselage curves - ID # 1, 2, 3, 4> OK q Number of Elements q Element Size OK Cancel Mesh/Geometry/Curve... Previous 100 12 10 28 26 To Curve: To Curve: To Curve: To Curve: 20 18 36 34 OK OK OK OK

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This will select the 4 fuselage curves. OK Property: OK Base X: Tip X: OK Turn off the curve IDs. View/Options... <F6> Options: Label/Mode: OK
Curve No Labels

4.. fuselage

0 0

Y: Y:

0 0

Z: Z:

0 1

6.

Create mesh seeds and mesh on the wing, tail, and spar surfaces. Mesh/Mesh Control/Mapped Divisions on Surface... <select the four top and bottom surfaces - ID # 1, 2, 3, 4> OK Number of Elements s: 5 OK <select the four spar surfaces - ID # 5, 6, 7, 8> OK Number of Elements s: 5 OK Cancel t: 1 t: 5

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Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

7.

Mesh the wing surface. Mesh/Geometry/Surface... <select all four front wing surfaces (top, bottom, and spar surfaces) - ID # 1, 2, 5, 6> OK Property: Node ID: Element ID: OK Zoom in on the wing surface. View/Zoom... <F7> <Select a window such that it encloses the wing> OK The view should look like the following. Figure 11.2 - Wing surface meshed 1.. wing_skin 2000 2000

Rib #1: Corner Nodes (Select top left node first then remaining in clockwise manner)

Repeat step #8 to create rib #2.

Repeat for ribs #3-6.

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8.

Create a mesh between the top and bottom surfaces of the wing surface such that it would represent ribs. Mesh/Between... <Ctrl+B> Property: #Nodes, Dir 1: Dir 2: 3.. rib 6 2

Select the corner nodes as in figure 11-2. Your IDs may be different. Corner nodes 1: Corner nodes 2: Corner nodes 3: Corner nodes 4: OK Repeat for the rest of the ribs. 9. Mesh the tail surfaces and create the ribs. The process of creating ribs in the front wing surfaces will be used to create ribs in the rear tail surfaces. Zoom out and zoom in on the tail wing. View/Unzoom View/Zoom... <F7> <Select a window such that it encloses the tail wing and the end of the fuselage> OK Mesh/Geometry/Surface... <select all four tail surfaces (top, bottom, and spar surfaces) ID # 3, 4, 7, 8> OK Property: Node ID: Element ID:
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2.. tail_skin 3000 3000

WORKSHOP 11

Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

OK Mesh/Between... <Ctrl+B> Property: #Nodes, Dir 1: Dir 2: Corner nodes 1: Corner nodes 2: Corner nodes 3: Corner nodes 4: OK Continue the process until all the ribs on the tail are created. 10. Equivalence the finite element mesh. Tools/Check/Coicident Nodes... Select All OK No Options: OK 11. Create rigid element to attach the wing and tail to the fuselage. Merge Coincident Entities 3.. rib 6 2 3005 3053 3017 3012

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Figure 11.3 - Creating rigid element to tail

Independent Node 10

4 dependent nodes (middle 4 on rib).

Model/Element... Type... Other Elements: OK Independent: Node: 10 TX u RX TY u RY TZ u RZ Nodes... <select 4 dependent nodes shown in Fig. 11-3 - ID # 3050, 3099, 3104, 3105> OK OK Cancel Use the toolbar arrows and pan to the section where the front wing and fuselage are visible. q Rigid

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Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Figure 11.4 - Creating rigid elements to wing

2 rigid elements - Each with an independent node at the fuselage and and 2 dependent nodes at the edge of the wing skins.

Model/Element... Independent: Node: 6 u TX u RX TY u RY TZ u RZ Nodes... <select 2 dependent nodes shown in Fig. 11-4 - ID # 2096, 2102> OK OK Independent: Node: 7 TX u RX TY u RY TZ u RZ Nodes... <select 2 dependent nodes shown in Fig. 11-4 - ID # 2101, 2107> OK OK Cancel
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View/Autoscale <Ctrl+A> 12. Create 2 sets of boundary conditions. Model/Constraint/Set... Title: OK Model/Constraint/Nodal... <select all nodes on fuselage - ID # 1-4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12> OK Y Symmetry OK Cancel Model/Constraint/Set... ID: Title: OK Model/Constraint/Nodal... Previous OK Y AntiSym OK Cancel The model is now complete. It should look like the following picture View/Redraw <Ctrl+D> 2 antisymmetric symmetric

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Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Figure 11.5 - Completed Half Airplane Model

13.

Submit the file for analysis. Note that we will run both boundary conditions in a single run. File/Export/Analysis Model... Type: OK Filename: Write Run Analysis Advanced... We expect 3 rigid body modes so we request 8 modes to get 5 flexible modes. Number Desired: OK OK Unselect all output requests except displacement. Output Requests: Displacement
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2.. Normal Modes/Eigenvalue

half_aircraft

Unselect the constraint set for the master subcase. Analysis Case Requests: Write Case... OK Constraint (SPC) = Write Case... OK Constraint (SPC) = OK OK WTMASS PARAM: OK Yes Save the model. Filename: Save Continue 14. Postprocess the results. Ctrl+Q All Entities Off Elements Done View/Select... <F5> Model Style: Deformed Style: Contour Style:
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u Constraint (SPC) =

1.. symmetric

2.. antisymmetric

0.00259 u PRGPST

half_aircraft

q Quick Hidden Line q Deform q Contour

WORKSHOP 11

Modal Analysis of a Half Aircraft Model

Deformed and Contour Data... Use the pulldown menus to make the following selections. Output Set: Deformation: Contour: OK OK View each mode in turn. To go through the modes, use the right hand tool bar 1.. Mode 1, 1.. Total Translation 4.. T3 Translation

then

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Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Symmetric 0 0 0 2.45342 9.764751 11.05749 18.83449 24.47528

Antisymmetric 0 0 0 6.968212 9.755774 19.0465 19.25484 25.47031

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