PREDICTING AND TESTING INCINERATOR BOILER

EFFICIENCY. A PROPOSED SHORT FORM METHOD IN

LINE WITH THE ASME TEST CODE PTC OO
LLH bPLNLW
Lonu!1n1 to OL|, |nC.
1|ouUUuIg, |0nny!vn
PHPL
Solid waste as a heterogeneous fuel demands a
careful analysis for a realistic performance and
efciency prediction. A uniform method of deter
ming combustion data for a gven fuel composi
tion is necessary so that an agency requesting bid
offerings from competing vendors will be assured
to receive realistic performance data subinittals
from vendors for direct comparison of the poten
tial energy recovery.
This paper presents an anaytical short form pro
cedure to predict the performance as well as testing
of the solid waste incinerator-boiler for energy re
covery in line with the newly approved asvs1sl
Od1CJJ by the input-output method as indi
cated under Section 1, "Object and Scope," Par.
1.6.1.
NHOULN
Municipalities thoughout the country are faced
with the never ending problem of how to dispose
of the continuously increasing quantity of solid
waste. Lndfill areas are less available and disposal
at far distant loations is becoming more costly as
a result of the recent increases in both fuel and
transportation charges.
Solid waste incineration, especially with energ
recovery, accordingly becomes progressively more
attractive to a wide range of communities, from
large cities to towns with less than 20,000 inhabi
tants. Municipal authorities, however are reluctant
to prepare and release specifcations, unless they
can be assured that the contracted-for acquisition
W also be capable of demonstrating, not alone a
long term reliability, but also fully proven perfor
mance in compliance with the original intent of the
Request for Proposals.
bHtHmPNLb b UPHPNbb
A specifying authority should request each ap
proved bidder to submit an anticipated continuous
fl load performance calculation which will permit
a realistic evaluation and which shall also become
the basis for a performance test demonstration to
prove compliance with capacity, effciency and
ecologcal as well as environmental regulations. To
enable a purchaser, as well as a bidder to prepare
his own calculations for evaluation or for conduct
ing performance tests, data sheets have been devel
oped to permit a systematic analysis of the antici
pated effciency.
H accordance with Method One, the input-out
put method as outlined in the new a:sifasvs
r[0muc 1sl C0d1CJJ, "Large Incinera
,
tors" under Section , Object and Scope Par. 1.6.1.
Te asv0wr1sl C0d1C9.1, "Steam Gen
erating Units," contains test form data sheets for
Abbreviated Efficiency Tests. However, due to the
fact that Solid Waste is a heterogeneous'fuel and
varies widely in its composition, it is not feasible to
apply these forms in their present state to deter
mine the eficiency of large incinerators with
waterwall boilers for steam generation.
301
MH Hm b HbFH
Tis paper is prepared especially as a guide to
cover short form performance tests for large refse
burning incinerators with waterwall boilers. For
this purpose, short form test report data sheets
have been prepared which will enable a specifying
engineer to establish design criteria and parameters
for a realistic evaluation of anticipated performance
guarantees and at the sme time to have uniform
test data sheets available for actual performance
tests.
Solid waste or refse becomes the fuel in this
case and the word, "refuse," in the PTC 4.1 short
form test report becomes "residue" in the incinera
tor code. Fuel data for solid waste, which generally
requie a proximate and ultimate analysis cannot
be selected from standard fuel tables such as are
available for nearly all types of fossil fuel but must
D derived from typical test samples over a wide
variety of heating values. Table 1 shows such a
gouping of typical American Solid Waste Compo
stions from which one example has been selected
to show a calculation procedure.
LPLLULPN FHLbOUHb
Te following data sheets are desiged to be
flled in by the engneer who will be in charge of
the efciency test or who desires to prepare anti
cipated incinerator performance data.
For clarifcation, a typical example is shown for
a 600 ton/day (545 tid) unit in which the perfor
mance data are in italics. Pfuel, "as fred" or as
fed to the furnace, an average solid waste composi
tion of 4500 Btu/lb (10,500 kJ/kg) has been selec
ted from Table 1 and applied in Chart 1 with the
assumption that an analysis of the average residue
smple will reveal a combustible content of 5.0
percent.
P indicated in Cart No. 1, the combustible
content in the residue varies from case to case and
sould be deteHed by individual sampling. The
resulting "as burned" composition is shown in
Chart 2 and permits the systematic stoichiometric
-
flue gas analysis of the Products of Combustion in
Chart 3. Flue gas analyses at various excess air rates
resulting from possible 8infltration between the
furnace and boiler outlet can now be determined
in Chart 4. In the sample calculation a 95 percent
excess air rate at the boiler outlet was selected for
mass burning. Normally the excess air rate may vary
anywhere from 40-120 percent depending on the
refse burning method selected, whether combined
with other fossil fel, suspension ruing or mass
burning. Te last section in Chart 4 permits to
evaluate the hypothetical gas composition at 12.0
percent CO2 which can be used to correct for par-
TABLE 1. HEATING VALUES, COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL AMERICAN SOLID WASTE
HEATING VALUES
High Heating Value (HHV) Btu/1b 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500
High Heating Value (HHV)
kJ/kg
8,141 9,304 10,467 11,630 12,793 13,956 15,119
Lower Heating Value (LHV) Btullb 2,892 3,407 3,922 4,433 4,912 5,409 5,893
Lower Heating Value (LHV) kJ/kg 6,727 7,924 9,122 10,311 11,425 12,581 13,708
COMPOSITION OF SOLID WASTE
Ash b Inert8 WT I 23.70 22.30 21. 00 20.00 16.20 14.00 11. 50
Moisture
WT I 32.00 27.20 22.40 17.50 16.00 13.00 11.00
Combustible Matter
WT I 44.30 50.50 56.60 62.50 67.80 73.00 77.50
Total
WT I 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
COMPOSITION OF THE COMBUSTIBLE MATTER
Cellulose
WT I 92.5 91. 8 91. 0 90.0 87.5 85.0 82.0
Albumen
WT I 4.3 4 . 7 5.1 5.5 6.9 8.0 9.0
Grease, Fats b 011 WT I 2.1 2. 2 2.3 2 . 5 3.0 3.5 4.5
Plastics
WT I 1.1 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.6 3.5 4 . 5
Total
WT I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
ANALYSIS OF THE COMBUSTIBLE MATTER
Carbon WT I 20.07 22.92 25.74 28.51 31.13 33.77 36.25
Hydrogen WT I 2. 84 3.24 3.64 4.04 4.43 4.81 5.18
Oxygen WT I 20.87 23.70 26.43 28.99 30.96 32.78 34.05
Nitrogen WT I 0.39 0.48 0.58 0.67 0.87 7. 06 7.25
Chlorine WT I 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.21 0.30 0.44 0.60
Sulfur WT I 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Phosphorous WT I 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
'Fluorine WT I 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Summary of Combus t ib Ie Matter WT I 44.30 50.50 56.60 62.50 67.80 73.00 77.50
Hydrogen in Combustible Matter 00
0
%) WT I 6.40 6.42 6.44 6.46 6.52 6.59 6.68
302
CHART 1 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST FORM
FOR ABBREVIATED EFFICIENCY TEST
FUEL ANALYSIS o CALCULATIONS
- INCINERATOR BOILER TEST
PROJECT LOCATION
OWNER, OF PLANT I NC I NERA TOR NO. TEST NO.
OBJECTIVE OF TEST DURATION CONDUCTED BY
RATED CAPACITY ton/day tonne dav'BURNING RATE5DOOO Ib/h 22 @
HEATING VALUE (HHV)
_ Btu/lb' _ J_ J/kg
R.,TED HEAT INPUT
22. X 10
b
Btu/h [2. 10
6
kJ/h
INCINERATOR BOILER MAKE o TYPE kEI0ED kATEFkAI]
STOKER MAKE o TYPE
HASS 80FJC
SOLID \ASTE, TYPE o SIZE AS FIRED FESJ0E?JAI 00HHEFQJ ~
AU

ITEM
#
1
lA
2
3
4
5
b

8
9
3
10
1 1
4
12
5
13
SOLID WASTE FUEL DATA
1
SOLID WASTE AS RECEIVED (SEE TABLE 4,
Z
Btu/lb HEATING VALUE (HHV)
_
(kJ
/kg
J_
)
HHV ASH o MOISTURE FREE Btu/lb
_J
(
k
J
/kg
J_
1
SOLID WASTE COMPOS IT I ON
WT FRACTION
Ib/lb (kg/kg)
MOISTURE
.22
COMBUSTIBLE MATTER .
ASH o INERTS
.2J
TOTAL J.
ANALYSI
S OF COMBUSTIBLE MATTER
(AS RECEIVED)
CARBON
.2
HYDROGEN
.
OXYGEN
.2
NITROGEN .
SULFUR
.2J
TOTAL COMBUSTIBLE
.
ANALYSIS OF DRY RESIDUE
COMBUSTIBLE IN RESIDUE SAMPLE % .
DRY RESIDlJ INCL. UNBURNED C
.
~
ITEM #4 X 100
100-ITEM #10
.22J
DRY RESIDUE ( = ASH d INERTS)
2J
UNBURNED CARBON IN RESIDUE .JJ
TOTAL CARBON .2
ACTUAL CARBON BURNED
.2
NOTE: ambien temp. 80

F (26.7

C) at 29.92" Hg (760mm Hg)
for HHV LHV determination by Boje Formula see Chart 9
.

303
kg
/0
h)
ITEM

J
b
7
8
9
IJ
2
J5
Jb
J7
J8
J9
20
2J
22
23
24
25
2b
27
28
29
CHART 2 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST FORM
FOR ABBREVIATED EFF1CIENCY TEST
SOLID WASTE AS BURNED
CARBON AS BURNED
HYDROGEN
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
SULFUR
RESIDUE
MOISTURE
TOTAL CENTER THESE VALUES ON PAGE
CO
2
0
2
CO
N
2
BY DIFFERENCE
EXCESS AIR
TOTAL DRY PRODUCTS BASED ON FUEL RATE
GAS TEMP. LVG
AIR
TEMP. ENT'G AIR HEATER
COMBUSTION AIR
TOTAL DRY AIR REQ'D BASED ON ON FUEL RATE
DRY BULB TEMPERATURE
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
MOISTURE IN AIR
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE
AIR TEMP. FOR COMBUSTION IF CONDITIONS
TO BE CORRECTED TO GUARANTEE
FUEL TEMPERATURE
304
,
WT FRACTION
Ib/lb(kg/kg)
.2
.
.2
.d
.2J
.22J
.22
J.
THEOR. AIR AT BLR OUTLET
2.2
1 VOL
J.
1 VOL
U
,
-
% VOL
J.J
% VOL
U . - % VOL 0. -
% VOL
.
1 VOL
.
1 VOL
U
, -
% VOL 1 VOL
.Jd Ib/lb . kg/kg
-
d
d
2.dd
Ib/lb
d ?

.J
Ib air
Ib
d

2J

d "

J !
2

.
kg/kg
__

I
.J

kg
2
!

!
2

air
ITEM FUEL A
N.
13 C
6 H
7
I

!
8 N
9 S
11 RESIDUE
2 MISTURE
I
ArR
BURNED
WEIGHT
FRACTION
Ib/lb
(kg/kg)
0.2464
0.0364
0.2643
0.0058
0.0021
0.2210
0.2240
I
I
1. 000
I
CHART 3 STOICHIOMETRIC FLUE GAS ANAL YSI
0
2
REQ'D
FACTOR
X
2.664
X 7.937
X 0.998
I 0
2

0.2315
& AIR
+.6564
+.2889
-.2643
+.0021
O
2.9508 1
I
CO
2
+ S0
2
H
2
O
FACTOR FACTOR
X 3.664 0.9028
X 8.937 0.3253
-
X 1. 998 0.0042
0.2240
IC0
2
0.9070 I H
2
O 0.5493
ENTER APPROPR IAT E VALUES ON CHAR T 4
305
N
2
FACTO
0.0058
--
0.7685 2.2677
X.AIR
I
N
2
2.2735
I
CHART 4 FLUE GAS COMPOSITION
THEOR ET ICAL AIR (0 % EXCESS AIR ^ ITEM 19)
ITEM UA FUEL W FRACTIO 1 OY 1 DR Y POU TS
-
ITEM 1
-
CCOE
N
T IbI:b (gIg) PROUTS 0.2 5 X ML.IT . VU.
CO
2
0.5070 Z8.Z
11. 0
Z.5Z7
5
Z0.Z
2
I6
N2
Z.Z7 71.48
. 0
10.Z114
18
75.7
20
L DRY PRO.
.180 100.00 1Z.8041 100.00
60 H
2
O
0.54
WET PROD.
.848
*23 L DRY AIR
Z.508
AT FUR
N
ACE OUTLET ( 1 EXCESS AIR
-
ITEM H9)
-
CO
2
IJ.0 15
O2
8.0 16
N
2
7.0 18
*20 L DRY PROD.
*60 H
2
O
L WET PRO.
23 L DRY AIR
AT BOILER, ECO
N
OMIZER, AIR HEATER, OUTLET (
5 1 EXCESS AIR ITEM *19)
CO
2
0.5070 1.17
11.0 1.751 15 10.7
2
0.5485 10.8
8.0
1.5
16
10.15
N2
4.4ZZ0 7.58
.0
10.585
18
75.44
*20 L DRY PRO.
.5775 100.00 1.040 00.00
*60
H
2
O
0.54
5.5ZZ
.
L WET PO.
*23 L DRY AIR
.740
AT 12 .0 1 CO
2
L
1 EXCESS AIR
-
ITEM *19)
-
CO
2
11.0 15
2
8.0 16
N
2
7.0 18
*20 L DRY PRO.
*60
H
2
O
L WET PRO.
*23 DRY AIR
306
ticulate emissions as found during an actual per
formance test. In this case, only the boiler outlet
gas composition is calculated.
4. Moisture content in the combustion air.
Te summation of these values (se Chart 5 and
8; Item No. 60) can now be entered in Chart 4 to
permit calculation of the total Wet Products of
Combustion.
To permit an accurate flue gas analysis and its
secifc heat it is important to determine the mois
ture content resulting from:
1. Evaporation of the moisture in the "as re
ceived" solid waste.
2. Generation of moisture due to burning of
hydrogen in the fuel.
Te next step is to determine the overall efci
ency as outlined in Chart 6 for whch the values to
be entered have been established in the previously
mentioned charts.
3. Flashed off vapor resulting from quenchng
of resdue when leaving the furnace.
The difference between the calculated and guar
anteed efciencies are the ''unaccounted for losses
and manufacturers margin" which are generally
ITEM

CHART 5 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE

TEST FORM FOR ABBREVIATED EFFICIENCY TEST
HEAT LOSSES IN RESIDUE AND FROM QUENCH VAPOR
BASED O N AS FIRED FUE L
3&
DRY RESIDUE
A
B
C

DRY RESIDUE INCL. UNBURN ED CARBON (ITEM 1 1)

RESIDUE TEMPERATURE LEAVING FURNACE
RESIDUE TEMPERATURE AFTER QUENCH
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
SPECIFIC HEAT OF DRY RESIDUE
HEAT L OSS IN DRY RESIDUE ( A X B x C )
0. 3370
_
b/
_
b L JL

g
/00 0
F

__

1J0 F
J/7

JJ C
Z
C
-
0.3b
Ttt/b1 7.016
]/g
3/.0/ Ttt/b 63.J6 J/ g
3& MOISTURE IN RESIDUE
E
F
G
H
MOISTURE C ONTENT IN RESIDUE
TEMPERATURE OF RESIDUE LEAVING QUENCH
TEMPERATURE OF WATER ENTERING QUENCH
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE
-
At
MOISTURE IN RESIDUE .- ITEM 11
100 - E
HEAT L OSS IN MOISTURE " At X F
X E
T OTAL RESIDUE HEAT LOSSES - 1l 1G
7b %
370
0 F
.
7J0 F
0. 0JJ_
b/ b
b.0/0Ttt/b
J3.710 Ttt/b
7b %
JJ L
3/ C
/3 C
0.0JJ
g/ g
0. /63 I/ g
6J,/163
`/ g
3&
QUENCH VAPOR
U LATEN T HEAT OF VAPOR AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
970 .4 Ttt/b 2
i
257.J5 kJ/g
K QUATITY OF VAPOR FLASHED = _ 0.03/J |b/b 0.03/J g/ g
L
M
N
P
U
TEMERATURE OF QUENCH VAPOR LV'G (BOILER,ECON,AIR HTR) J0
1
7JJ
\
TEMPERATURE OF QUENCH VAPOR ENTERIN FURNCE 373
700 "
\
TEMPERATURE OF WATER ENTERIN QUENCH VESSEL
TEMPERATURE RISE IN QUENCH WATeR
0 1
7J3
ENTHLPY OF VAPOR LEAVING (BILER, ECON., AIR HEATER)
73J0.b
_Ttt/b
ENTHLPY OF VAPOR ENTERING FURNACE 970.4 Ttt/b
ENTHLPY DIFFERENCE =(M - 970.4) L
IN S. . UNITS = 2.32G x M
HEAT LOSS IN QUENCH VAPOR = K X N
307
JJ3.70Ttt/b
70.J1 tt/b
3/ \
/J \
366.71 K/ g
33b/.7b J/g
J70. 03
J/ g
3b. 1bJ/ g
ITEM

30
31
A
B
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
CHART 6 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST FORM FOR ABBREVIATED EFFICIENCY TEST
1.0 BTU/LB = 2,326 KJ/KG HHV
= 1,b00
BTUILB
HEAT LOSS EFFICI ENCY AS FIRED FUEL
HEAT LOSS DUE TO DRY GAS
8tu/1b
s/
8
TO DRY GS=ITEM 20 X Cp X (ITEM 21-ITE 2])
= b.FZF X 0.24 X J50
-
50 ) 1J0.17 7007.7J
HEAT LOSS DUE MISTURE IN FUEL '
,
= ENLPY OF VAPOR AT 1.0 PSIA b t GAS LVG.
- ENTHLPY OF LIQID AT AIR (ITEM #27)
-
ITEM 2 (ITE 31A - ITEM 31B)
-
X
-
15.7 ) 3b.J7 7/.70
-
0.331 { 73J3.b -
X
HEAT LOSS DUE TO H
2
0 FRO COB. OF H
2
-
9 X ITEM 6. X (ITEM 31A - ITEM 31B) -
-
9 X 0.0J1 X ( 73J3.b
-
15.7 } J55.07 F03.b7 -
HEAT LOSS DUE TO COBUSTIBLES ! RESIDUE
-
ITEM 12 X 14,500
-
=
Q
X 14,500
7bF.b0 J/0.FF
HEAT LOSS DE TO RAIATlC
(SEE AB CHT FIG. #2 b ITE 157)
7F.Jb 1b.07
UNCCOUTED FOR LOSSES(PER MTUAL AGREEMENT)

7b/.07
HEAT LOSS IN RESIDUE = 360 36G
J3.71 /1./
HEAT LOSS DUE TO MISTURE IN AIR
=ITEM 23 X ITEM 26x 0.489 (380
-
80) b. J 7J.0F
HEAT LOSS DUE TO QUENCH VAPR = ITE 36P 70.F1 3b. 1b
TOTAL GUPEED
LGL 4iL
CALCULATED @1J_3 Jgb0_01
EFFICIENCY TEE
2
/3bF.Fb

CLCULTED
J755. / /17.F
3SEE ASME STEAM TABLES
308
7

__
sJ/s
8
LOSS X 100
IO X 100
9
#31 X 100
9
#32 X 100
9
#33 X 100
#1
l4 X 100
9
lX 100
1
l36X 100
9
137 X 100
9
138 X 100
f
LOSS
%
F.b
b.F0
5.3
J.b1
0.1J
7.b0
v. 7
0.7J
0.31
J0.J
3F.71
F.J/
/0.5
CHART 7 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST F ORM F O R ABBREVIATED EF F ICIENCY TEST
ITEM
f
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
STEAM PRESSURES b TEMPERATURES
SATURATED S PRESSURES IN BOILER DRU
SATURIED STEA TEMERATE IN BOILER DRUM
S PRESSURE AT SUPEKTER OUTLET
STEA TEMERATE AT SUPERHEATER OTLET
FEEWTER TEMERTURE ENT'G (BOILER) (ECO.)
STEA Q I
UNIT QUANTITIES
ENTLPY SATED LIQID
ENTMY (SAT.) (S.H.) STEA
ENTLPY OF FEEDWATER ENT'G (BILER) (ECO.)
HEAT ABSORBED IN STEA (= ITEM 48-49)
BLo-DW RTE
HEAT COSUMD BY BLOW-DW = (ITE 47-49) X ITEM 51
100
HEAT COSLD BY STEA INL. BLOW-DW = (ITEM 50 d 52)
HOURLY QUANTITIES
RATE OF SOID WASTE FIRIN
FUEL HEAT I/UT = ITEM 54 X ITEM 1
1000
55B DRY AIR HEAT INPUT =
ITEM 54 X ITEM 23 (M%) X 0.24 (ITEM 28 - 27)
1000
55C HT INUT BY KISTURE IN AIR =
55
56
57
58
59
ITEM 54 X ITEM 26 X 0.489:: (TEM 28-27
1000
TOTAL HEAT INPUT = 55A d 55B d 55C
TOTAL HEAT OUTPUT = ITEM 55 X ITE 40
100
TOTA EVAORATIO = ITE 56 X 1000
ITEM 53
HEAT LOSS IN BLOW- = ITEM 57 A ITEM 52
RTIO STEA GENERTED = ITEM 57
SOLID WSTE FIRED ITE 54
SPECIFIC HET OF WATER VAPOR
GUTEED
CALCULTED
GUPE
CALCUATED
60
ps1a
1,6 g
Ya
b00

310
L
67b
pB1a
1,316 g
Ia
/b0

JFF
L
J00

71F
L
7. 0 7. 0
ppm ppm
1/. /0
StuJb
77J1. 1

g
7JZ. 60
StuJ1b
J306. 6
36F. /0
StuJ1b
63/. J
J
770. F0
StuJ1b
3b/F.J
J
_
%
_
%
v. F
StuJb
33_66
g
StuJ1b
3b,JbJ
b0,000
1bJB
_
33_66
gJ!
33b,000
g
SJB
_
6b,F17
W
,F/6
/SJB
_
3,6J7
W
17
/SJB
_
73
3J1,07/g_
JB
_6,b1
[M
763, JJ/
/SJB
_
1/, b/6
W
76b_31g_
JB
_1_bFF [M
711,F/bJB
_
6b,//6 gJn
71, 01_
bJB
_6/,7F
gJn
7. b z70_
JB
_
16J. 7

M
3. F0
|bJ1b
3. F0
gJg
AIR PREHEAT CREDIT: USE ONLY WERE STEA AIR PREHATER IS APPLIED
309
ITEM
4
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
CHART 8 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST FORM FOR ABBREVIATED EFFICIENCY TEST
. .
DETERMINATION OF THE LOW HEATING VALUE (LHV)
BASED ON "AS FIRED" FUEL
A. CALCULATION BASED ON TOTAL MOISTURE IN FLUE GAS
MOISTURE IN REFUSE (ITEM #2)
MOISTURE FROM BURNING H
2
( 9 A ITEM #6)
MOISTURE FROM QUENCH(ITEM #36K)
MOISTURE IN AIR (ITEM #23 A 26)
TOTAL MOISTURE IN FLUE GASES
LATENT HEAT OF VAPOR AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
*
HIGH HEATING VALUE (ITEM #1)
LESS LATENT HEAT OF MOISTURE (1040 A ITEM #(0)
LOW HEATING VALUE
-
(ITEM #1 - ITEM ttJ
LHV
a
S.J. UNITS = ITEM #62 A 2.326
0.2240 JbJJb
0.5276 Jb/Jb
0.0279
Jb/Jb
0.0748
1b/Jb
0.6545
Jb/Jb
1040
Btv/Jb
-
4500
Btv/Jb
680
Btv/1b
5820
Btv/Jb
8885 )j
/)
_
B. CALCULATION FOR MOISTURE IN SOLID WASTE 8 H
2
BURNING ONLY
MOISTURE IN REFUSE (ITEM #2)
MOISTURE FROM BURNING H
2
(9 A
TOTAL MOISTURE
HHV (ITEM 1;
LESS LATENT HEAT OF MOISTURE
LHV (I TEM # J
- ITEM #64)
LHVb
- i
TEM #65 A 2.326 -
ITEM #6)
(1040 A ITEM (3)
0.2240
Jb/Jb
0.5276
Jb/Jb
0.6616
Jb/Jb
4500
Btv/Jb
574
Btv/Jb
5_926
Btv/J
9152
^ /)g
:CFACTOR TO REDUCE HIGH HEAT OF COMBUSTION AT CONSTANT VOLUME TO LOW
HEAT OF COMBUSTION AT CONSTANT PRESSURE.
310

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U

U
U
$

M
No. 01 Cooled furnoce Wall
2 D
IO.OO
ID.D
l!
4
a.
6.D
J



A FURNACE WALL MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE THIRD ITS
PROJECTED SURFACE COVERED BY WATER COOLED SURFACE
BEFORE REDUCTION IN RDIATION LOSS IS PERMITTED
AIR THRU COOLED WALLS MUST BE USED FOR COMBUSTION
IF REDUCTION IN RADIATION LOSS IS TO BE MADE
EXAMPLE: UNIT GUAR. FOR MAX. CONT. OUTPUT OF 4OO
MILLION BTU/HR WITH THREE WATER COOLED
WALLS
LOSS AT 9*O."t LOSS AT ZOO O6B;
2.

$

U
k

M
U
C
&

.a

l
Tn_ Hod0lO L88 Vlu.. Obtained Frm Tlis Cury. or.
for a Differential of O F Between Surface and Ambient
Temperatures and fOr Ar V8!Oly of IOO 88l per Minut.
Over th, Surface. Any Correction for Other Conditi ons snould
be mode in Accortance wl FiO_ PaOl ITO |n lhe |BT
Manual of ASTM Standards on Refroctory Mol,rials

E
mt
'! -
'_'__. OUTPUT
ll 11J1 111l11.Jl l l l ld. , |
, 6 ID 2D D 4D 5 6 D |DD D 5D 4DD
ITEM
f
5
6
6
6

8
9
C
H"

H
H
D
N
S
Wal.r Woll Faclor
Air Cooled Wall Faclor
ACTUAL OUTPUT MILLION BTU PER HOUR
FIG. 1 ABMA STD RADIATION LOSS CHART
CHART 9 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM SOLID WASTE
TEST FORM
FOR ABBREVIATED EFFICIENCY TEST
DETERMINATION OF THE HIGH HEATING VALUE OF SOLID WASTE
BY THE BOJE FORMULA
FOR A GIVEN SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION THE HHV CAN BE RECHECKED
BY THE FOLLOWING METHOD
AMBIENT
REF. TEMP.
1
32 0
68 20
80 26.7
WEIGHT FRACTION
Ib/lb = kg/kg
0.2574
0.0564
0.2615
0.0058
0.002J
COMBUST! BLE
Btu/lb kJ/kg
14,976
49,374
49,406. 4 114,919
49,527 115,200
- 4,644
-
10,802
2,700 6,280
4,500 10,467
HHV = A X B
Btu/lb kJ/kg
5855 8967
J_805 1_J91
- J227 - 2854
J6 57
9 2J
3 COMBUSTIBLE
0.5660
2 MOISTURE
4 ASH
TOTAL
0.2240
0.2J00
J.0000
1156
J0_565
FOR H
2
VALUES AT OTHER AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURES
311
+ +
-

f
. .
+
_
.

|0C|0B|dlC| ZU||O |
HEAT INPUT
-
148,811,250 Btu/h
-
43,612 kW
REFUSE THROUGHPUT
- 20.66/12. 51 sh.t/h
-
18.75/11. 35 t/h
REFUSE NET HHV
-
3,300/6500 Btu/1b
-
7.675 MJ/kg/15.12 MJ/kg
STEAMING RATE
-
98.519 Lb/h
-
44.7 t/h
DESIGN PRESSURE
-
650 psig
-
4.4& kPa
OPERATING PRESSURE
-
525 psig
-
3.63 kPa
SUPERHEATER STEAM
-
788
u

-
420 1
FEEDWATER TEMP.
-
302
u

-
150 1
FIG. 2 TYPICAL INCINERATOR-BOILER UNIT
established by mutual consent as 1.5 percent. The
heat loss due to radiation is based on values deter
mined by the ABMA Standard Radiation Loss Chart
(See Fig. 1) which is also used by the asvs0wr
1slC0d1C4.J, for steam generating units.
MM PNO LW MbPN VPLUb
While it is customary to use the high heating
values of a fuel in ASME practice to determine
boiler effciency, the low heating value is generally
applied to boiler calculations throughout Europe.
Chart 8, shows how to determine the low heating
value where the high heating value has already been
established.
Chart 9 permits a recheck of the higher heating
value by the BOJE method which can be used with
+
fair accuracy to determine the Mof other solid
waste compositions than those indicated in Chart 1.
UmmPHY
Te procedure for performance test calculation
cn be a guide for engneers until a new ASME
Abbreviated Efciency Test Form is developed by
PC-33. Special consideration has been given for
ease of convertibilty to S. I. Units. Weigt fractions
have been applied wherever possible, so that Stand
ard American Units are equivalent to S. I. Units. It
my seem cumbersome to enter various fgures on
different pages but a certain amount of backtrack
ing cannot be avoided. Wherever this becomes
necessary the item numbers serve to simplify this
procedure.
LNLLUN
Figure 2 illustrates a typical Incinerator-Boiler
312
HbbHbNLb Unit of the type and size outlined in this example.
Actual performance tests along these lines have
been conducted in this country and abroad and it
Hhoped that the procedure outlined will help to
establish a new standard for realistic effciency
testing oflarge incinerators with energy recovery.
"Steam Generating Units," ANSI/ASME Power Test Code
PTC4.1,196.
"Large Incinerators," ANSI/ASME Performance Test Code
PTC 33, 1978.
ASME Steam Tables, 1967.
K8y Word8
Analysis
Biler
Buring
Combustion
Heat
Refuse
Termal
313