GROUP-1 Pallabi Pattanayak Aishwarya Dash Minu Srivastava Sandhya Mohanty

Management, as things stand now, is being studied from various angle he art of management has ancient roots. It has developed and grown in leaps and bounds from a nearly insignificant topic in the previous centuries. Management has evolved into a powerful and innovative force on which our society depends for material support and national well-being.. This development brought along with it new questions and problems to which adequate solutions were required.

1890

1900

Classical Approach

1910

1920

1930

Neoclassical Approach

1940

1950

1960

Modern Approach


By Frederick Winslow Taylor

Function Foremanship

Job Analysis

Standardization

Replacing rule of thumb with science

Economy

Financial incentives

Scientific selection and training of workers

Mental Revolution

By Henry Fayol
Division Of Division OfWork Work Unity of Direction Unity of Direction Subordination of individual I Subordination of individual nterests to general interests of organization interests tothe the general interests oforganization

Authority and Responsibility Authority and Responsibility

Discipline Discipline

Unity ofCommand Command Unity of

Centralization Centralization

Scalar ScalarChain Chain

Stability of Tenure of Personnel Stability of Tenure of Personnel

Remuneration Remuneration
Order Order Equity Equity

Esprit corps Espritde de corps

Initiative Initiative

Understanding the behavior of groups & individuals

By Chester Barnard

Relationship exist between external and internal environment

Cultural relationships of social groups

Co-operation is necessary.
Efforts directed

USES

LIMITATIONS

Organizational Broader than management decisions should & its not practice be based on desires of one group Overlooks alone but many should management reflect the interests concepts ofprinciples all the parties. & techniques that are important to practicing managers.

HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT
A group studies conducted at Hawthorne plant of the western electric company during 192030.The research felt that something beside lighting was influenced workers performance. Conclusion resulting to HR view of management, emphasizing on satisfaction of employees basic needs as the key to increased workers productivity.

Features of human relation

It strives to create a positive work environment

The focus in on employees

Ultimate goal is to make worker more productive.