mTavarepiskoposi

anania

jafariZe

qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi)

mTavarepiskoposi

anania

jafariZe

qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi)

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia

IV saukuneSi, qarTvelTa gaqristianebis Tanave saqarTveloSi daiwyo `wmida werilis~ qarTuli Targmanebis momzadeba, romelSic monawileobda saqarTvelos yoveli kuTxidan Semokrebili mecnierebi. am Rvawlma ukve V s. dasawyisSi gamoiRo Tavisi Sedegi - Sedgenili iqna wmida saxarebis pirveli qarTuli Targmani. es procesi uxv istoriul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT gadmocemulia mTavrepiskopos ananias wignSi `qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis (ioane lazi)~. wigni gankuTvnilia studentebisa da farTo mkiTxveli sazogadoebisaTvis.

qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxi anania jafariZe, 2002 XIX_XX saukuneebamde rogorc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT

saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris afxazeTsa, svaneTsa da samegreloSi saeklesio da saliteraturo saWiroebisaTvis mxolod Zveli qarTuli ena gamoiyeneboda. arc erTi adgilobrivi enakavi Tu dialeqti saRvTismetyvelo mizniT gamoyenebuli ar yofila. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio ena, romelic, amave dros, saerTo-saxalxo, saliteraturo enas warmoadgenda, xasiaTdeboda zogaderovnuli mTlianobiT, miuxedavad qveynis daqsaqsva-dayofisa, ar amJRavneda tomobriv-geografiul mikerZoebas, arc enobriv-stilisturad, arc ideur-politikuri TvalsazrisiT. amitomac ar arsebobda aRmosavlur qarTuli, samxreTqarTuli da dasavlurqarTuli literaturuli mimarTulebani, mTeli qarTuli sasuliero Tu saero literatura (mwerloba) arsebiTad iyo erTianqarTuli, saqarTvelos romel kuTxeSic ar unda Seqmniliyo esa Tu is nawarmoebi da romeli qarTuli tomis warmomadgenelic ar unda yofiliyo misi avtori. `es movlena literaturis istoriaSi sayovelTao xasiaTisa ar aris, vinaidan msoflios bevri mowinave literaturis istoria tomobriv-kuTxuri mimarTulebiT viTardeboda da es mimarTulebani Rrma kvals tovebdnen saerTo-erovnuli literaturis ganviTarebaze~ (m.rexviaSvili, imereTis samefo, 1989, gv. 472). ismis kiTxva, ratom ar warmoiqmna Zvel saqarTveloSi literaturis kuTxur-tomobrivi mimarTulebani maSin, roca iSviaTi gamonaklisis garda, Cveni qveyana warmoadgenda ara erTian saxelmwifos, aramed Sidafeodaluri omebiT mocul erTmaneTisagan damoukidebel politikur-administraciul warmonaqmnebs, ufro metad ganawilebulT ucxo saxelmwifoTa Soris (igulisxmeba VI-XVIII saukuneebi)? es kiTxva Zalze mniSvnelovania, rogorc iTqva, msoflios maRalganviTarebulma mravalma erma Tavi ver aarida kuTxuri literaturis Seqmnas, unda gairkves Tu ra iyo mizezi imisa, rom saqarTvelos nebismier kuTxeSi Seqmnili qarTuli mwerlobis Zegli saerTo qarTuli iyo enobrivi TvalsazrisiT. swored am sakiTxis rkvevas qristianuli arqeologiis monacemebze dayrdnobiT Seexeba Ceni Tema. winaswar ki unda ganvacxadoT, rom saqarTveloSi qarTu li saeklesio (saliteraturo) enis zogaderovnuloba, erTaderToba da yovlismomcveloba gamowveuli iyo qarTveli eris enobrivi mTlianobiT gvian Sua saukuneebamde (XVI-XVII ss-mde). saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis daSlamde, e.i. XV-

XVI ss-mde, marTalia arsebobdnen kuTxuri dialeqtebi, magram isini Zalze axlos idgnen erTmaneTTan, riTac, saboloo jamSi, qmnidnen enobriv mTlianobas. XVI-XVIII ss-Si kuTxuri saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis samefoebis, sxva samTavroebis warmoqmnis kvaldakval warmoqmna Sesabamisi dialeqtebi. qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli da sxva dialeqtebi arian ara uZvels dros warmoqnilni, aramed erTiani saqarTvelos daSlisa da kuTxuri samefo-samTavroebis Camoyalibebis Semdeg Camoyalibebulni, aseve unda vigulisxmoT, rom kuTxuri qarTveluri enebic SedarebiT axali warmonaqmnia igulisxmeba, rom saerTo - qarTuli fuZe enis daSla dialeqtur doneze da misgan zanuris gamoyofa moxda ara uZvels dros q ri st eSobamde aT as wleul ebiT adre, aramed ax al i welTaRricxvis mijnaze, maSin roca safuZveli eyreboda erTiani qarTuli saRvTissamsaxuro enis Seqmnas. amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebda jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili. igi werda: `qarTul ers Tavisi mravalsaukunovani saxelmwifoebrivi samwerlobo ena hqonda da aqvs, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisaTvisac erTaderTi samwerlobo da kulturis ena iyo da aris exlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da svanebsac TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. 1, 1979, gv. 154). maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvilis mtkicebiT, qarTuli saliteraturo enis Seqmna SemuSavebaSi megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili, romeli xana igulisxmeba? cxadia IV-V saukuneebi, rodesac mimdinareobda qarTuli saliteraturo enis Camoyalibeba, wmida werilis TargmnagadmoReba qarTul enaze (saqme isaa, rom VI-VII saukuneebis Semdeg bizantiuri agresiis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTveloSi saRvTismsaxuro saWiroebisaTvis dainerga berZnulenovani wirvalocva da dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiebidan ganidevna qarTuli ena TiTqmis IX-X ss-mde. amitomac dasavlel qarTvelebs qarTuli samwerlobo da kulturis enis SeqmnaSemuSavebaSi TavianTi wvlili unda SeetanaT iqamde. e.i. VIVII saukuneebamde. ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc aRiniSna guli sxmobda IV-V sau kuneebs - qarTul i saeklesiosaliteraturo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebis xanas). SeeZlo Tu ara megrelebsa da svanebs IV-V saukuneebSi qarTuli samwerlobo (saeklesio) enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi

monawileobis miReba? am kiTxvasac pasuxi gasca ivane javaxiSvilma, man Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad daamtkica, rom jerkidev warmarTobis dros, anu IV saukunemde gacilebiT adre, yvela qarTuli tomis mier, maT Soris samegrelosa da svaneTSi warmarTuli kerpTmsaxureba, anu warmarTuli locva-rituali qarTul enaze aResrulrboda. ivane javaxiSvili werda: `aramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis, maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed rom am warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonia~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. 1, 1979, gv. 156). qristianuli sarwmunoebis qadagebamde yvela qarTul toms hqonda saerTo sarwmunoeba (warmarTuli), saerTo qarTuli eniTa da saerTo terminologiiT, amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom qris tianobis pirvelmqadageblebi saqarTveloSi isargeblebdnen ukve arsebuli saerTo qarTuli sakulto eniT mas gamoiyenebdnen kidec. saeklesio liturgikuli enis safuZvlebis Ziebis dros Cven usaTuod unda gaviTvaliswinoT qristianobis qadagebis pirvelsaukuneTa saSualebani, radganac arqeologiuri monapovrebi miuTiTebs, rom saqarTveloSi qristianebis raRac raodenoba ukve II-III saukuneebSi cxovrobda. amis Sesaxeb werilobiTi wyaroebic miuTiTebs. II-III saukuneTa qristianuli samarxebi aRmoCenilia rogoc aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi erwo-TianeTidan saCxeremde (T.bibiluri, Tixis filasamagrebi, gv. 57, T. bibiluri, qristianobis gavrceleba, gv. 2). imaves adasturebs ioane sabanis Ze, roca VIII saukuneSi qarTvelebs 500 wlovan qristianebad miiCnevda. eklesiis istorikosTa cnobebs saqarTveloSi mociqulTa mier qristianuli Temebis daarsebisa da II-III saukuneebSi maTi yofis Sesaxeb wyaroebic miuTiTebs. magaliTad, II saukunis dasawyisSi cxovrobdnen Cveni eklesiis wmidanebi `suqia da 16 qarTveli mowame~. TamaraSvilis cnobiT, I s-Si imperator maqsimilianes emsaxurebodnen qristiani qarTveli meomrebi, romelnic kolxidaSi gaaZeves. irineosis cnobiT, kolxidaSi episkoposma palmosma da misma megobrebma 70 eklesia aaSenes. arqeologTa mier aRmoCenilia wmida ninomdeli eklesiebi sof. nastakissa da sxvagan. qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, III s. qarTlis mefe rev marTalma s ax el mwifoSi qris ti an ul i saxi s reforma gaat ara

(mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis istoria, axalcixe, 1988, gv. 447) da sxva. samTavros samaravanze III s. dasawyisis mdidruli axalgazrda qalis samarxi #25 miuTiTebs qristianoba im droisaTvis gavrcelebuli iyo ara mxolod dabal fenebSi, aramed maRal fenebSic da imdenad iyo ganmtkicebuli, rom TviT saxelmwifos dedaqalaqSi uSiSrad dakrZales qriatiani mdidari qalbatoni mTeli Rirsebis dacviT. es aris umniSvnelovanesi movlena qristianTa devnis fonze mTeli romis imperiaSi. romis imperiasa da sxvagan arsebul qristianuli Temebis cxovrebas Seexeba uZvelesi Zegli `swavla Tormeti mociqulisa~ anu didaqe. igi asaxavs II-III saukuneTa yofas, Tumca TviTon am Zegls IV s. dasawyisiT aTariReben. es Zegli Cven gamogvadgeba II-III saukuneTa saqarTveloSi qristianuli Temebis saeklesio enis sakiTxebis rkvevisas. `didaqes~ analizi aCvenebs, rom qristianul TemSi JamiT-Jamad ucxo mxridan modiodnen xolme mosiarule mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvrebi. maT TemSi sam dReze meti xniT darCenis ufleba ar hqondaT. mociqulebi qristianuli Temis wevrebs ase arigebdnen momsvlelTa Sesaxeb `vinc TqvenTan mova da gaswavliT... miiReT igi... Tu moZRvari TviTon miiqceva sxva swavlebisken... ar isminoT misi~ (didaqe, XI, 1,2). moZRvris movaleoba iyo xalxisaTvis eswavlebina zepiri sityviT - `simarTle da codna ufalze~ mrevlis movaleoba iyo moesmina moZRvris sityva. aqedan Cans, rom pirvelqristianTa Soris mosuli moZRvrebi zepiri sityvis meSveobiT da ara werilobiTi saxiT qristianebs gadascemdnen saqristiano codnas. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis winaswarmetyvelTa Sesaxeb, romelTac evalebodaT xmamaRali qadagebda cocxali sityviT. winaswarmetyvelebi `metyveleben~, kerZod esaa, `sulis mier metyveleba~ (didaqe, XI, 8), amis garda igi `aswavlis WeSmaritebas~, anda `aswavlis imas, rasac Tavad iqms~ (didaqe, XI, 11). romeli eniT unda eqadagaT saqarTveloSi qristian winaswarmetyevelbs, moZRvrebsa da mosiarule mociqulebs? qristianobis upirvelesi wesis Tanaxmad, yovel xalxSi adgilobrivi eniT unda eqadagaT mociqulebs. es iyo ara mociqulTa piradi survili, aramed saRmrTo neba suliwmidis mier gacxadebuli. cxadia, II-III saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb qristianTa Soris `mosiarule mociqulebs, moZRvrebsa da winaswarmetyvelebs~ unda eqadagaT xalxis eniT. amasTanave

unda iTqvas, rom SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos kuTxidan kuTxeSi, xevidan xevSi mosiarule mqadageblebs or-sam dReSi SeeTvisebinaT Temis, kuTxis Tu xevis dialeqti (ena), amitomac cxadia mqadagebelTa winaSe saqarTveloSi Tavidanve unda dasmuliyo sakiTxi imisa, Tu rogor moegvarebinaT enobrivi problema ise, rom maTi naTqvami da naloci sityva xalxisaTvis gasagebi yofiliyo, amitomac maT unda gamoekvliaT hqonda Tu ara am xalxs saerTo koine ena anda saerTo wmida saRvTismsaxuro ena, romelic yvelas esmoda. aseve moiqcnen isini berZenTa Sorisac, maT berZnul dialeqtTa Soris upiratesoba mianiWes saerTo koine enas, gasagebs yvela dialeqtis mqone berZenisaTvis da am enaze ara mxolod gadasces sityva, aramed Caweres kidec wmida saxareba. arsebobda Tu ara qarTuli saerTo wmida ena, anu ena, romliTac warmarTul kultmsaxurebas aRasrulebdnen qarTvelebi, rogorc zemoT iTqva, aseTi ena arsebobda da samegrelosa da svaneTSic ki warmarTuli sakulto ceremoniali Zvel qarTul (anu saerTo) enaze aResruleboda wmida ninos Semosvlamde didi xniT adre. swored es saerTo saRvTismetyvelo qarTuli ena unda aeRoT gamosayeneblad II-III saukuneTa mosiarule mociqulebs, winaswarmetyvelebsa da moZRvrebs saqarTveloSi. enaTmecnierTa mier gamorkveulia, rom zogierTi qarTuli sityvis lingvisturi analizis Tanaxmad qristianuli swavleba CvenSi vrceldeboda zepiri gziT. `uZvelesi berZnuli nasesxobebi qarTulSi istoriulad uSores periodTanaa dakavSirebuli... sityvebi: - eklesia, kereoni, monazoni, guteri da sxva qristianuli eklesiis upirveles wmindanTa da angelozTa saxelebTan erTad is sityvebia, romlebic umetes SemTxvevaSi zepiri gziTaa gavrcelebuli CvenSi, da, romelTac Semdeg qristianuli literaturis TargmanebSic ucvlelad SeinarCunes zepiri gavrcelebis zogierTi niSani, pirvel rigSi, es iTqmis im sakuTar saxelTa mimarT, romlebic berZnuli wodebiTi brunvis formiTaa gadmocemuli qarTulSi: iesu qriste, pavle, damiane, da sxva mravali~ (neli maxaraZe, bizantiuri berZnulis warmoTqmis sakiTxebi, 1978, gv. 58). `qristes saxeli `iesu~ mimarTvis formiT, vokativiTaa CvenSi Semosuli (es zepiri gziT gavrcelebul berZnul saxelebSi gvaqvs), berZnuli sakuTari saxelebis gadmocema vokativis formiT imdenad xSiri iyo qarTulSi, rom sabolood

gagebuli iqna, rogorc berZnul saxelTa gadmocemis saerTo wesi~ (n.maxaraZe, bizantiuri berZnulis fonetikis sakiTxebi, I, gv. 22). `didaqes~ epoqaSi unda warmoCeniliyo CvenSi axali qarTuli sakulto sityvebi - `mRvdeli~, `zedaSe~, `marani~. rogorc garkveulia sityva `mRdeli~ miRebulia sityvidan RaRadi, xadili, m-eli mawarmoeblis darTviT (fuZe `Rd~) mRd-eli. pirvelqristianTaTvis upirvelesi saxe mRaRadeblobisa (mqadageblobisa) iyo winaswarmetyveli da naTlismcemeli ioane (`xma mRaRadeblisa udabnosa Sina~), am winaswarmetyvelis magaliTis gamavrceleblebi unda yofiliyvnen didaqeSi naxsenebi `winawarmetyvelebi~, romelTac 2-3 dRiT SeeZloT wveodnen pirvelqristianebs da eqadagnaT (eRaRadaT) maT Soris da albaT moenaTlaT kidec isini. `xadil-RaRadidanaa~ ara marto mRdeli , aramed q adagic (aq edanaa qadagebac ). pirvelqristianebi TavianTi erTadSekreba-locvebis bolos, romelic puris gatexviTa da Rvinis SesmiT mTavrdeboda, ambobdnen sityvas `maranTa~ (I kor, 16, 22, didaqe, X, 6), aqedan unda iyos qarTuli `marani~ (Rvinis Sesmis anda Senaxvis adg il i ). p irv el qri st ianebs ev alebodaT mierTmiaT moZRvrisaTvis zeda, saukeTeso naRebi Rvinisa Tu zeTisa `pirvelTavi~ (didaqe, XIII, 6), aqedan unda iyos qarTuli `zedaSe~ (misi sapirispiroa - `qvedaSe~, rac qvevris fskerze anda qvabis fskerze naleqs ewodeba). am sityvebis arsebobac adasturebs CvenSi qristianobis zepiri gziT gavrcelebas jer kidev wmida ninomde da qarTuli literaturis warmoSobamde. IV s-mde qarTlSi qristianuli Temebis arsebobis Sesaxeb miuTiTebda s.janaSia. misi azriT, qarTlSi (upiratesad qalaqebSi) unda arsebuliyo wvrili qristianuli Temuri urTierTobani, iseve, rogorc romis provinciebSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad qcevamdis (s. janaSia, Sromebi, I, gv. 213). p.ingoroyva, g.gozaliSvili da sxva mecnierebi am azrs iziareben. a.boxoCaZem es mosazreba daadastura arqeologiuri monacemebiT (F= <j[jxflpt- Htpeknfns- c= 8) (a.bogveraZe, ganviTareba, gv. 13-14). samarxul ZeglebTan dakvirvebiT T.bibiluri wers, rom arqeologiuri da naratiuli wyeroebi srul TanxmobaSi arian, radganac saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze (didi mcxeTa, erwo, axali Jinvali, aragvispiri, urbnisi, zRuderi, modnaxe) aRmoCnda

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II-III saukuneTa qristianuli samarxebi. filologiuri kvlevis Sedegad T.mgalobliSvilis daskvniT, IV saukunemde qarTlSi gavrcelebuli iyo e.w. Zveli nakadi qristianobisa (gulisxmobs iudaur qristianobas), romelic wmida ninos dros da Semdeg Seicvala e.w. axali nakadiT anu `elinisturi qristianobiT~ (klarjuli mravalTavi, T.mgalobliSvilis gamocema, 1991, gv. 171), misi azriT, `qarTlSi oficialurad qristianobis elinisturi nakadi iqna aRiarebuli. bunebrivia, droTa ganmavlobaSi qristinobis es axali nakadi sruliad devnis ukve moZvelebul iudeur-qristianul tradicias, Tumca `moqcevaisa~ da `mefeTa cxovrebaSi~ mainc SeiniSneba am uZvelesi tradiciis naSTi (iqve, gv. 171). T.mgalobliSvilis azriT maxlobel qveynebSic, magaliTad, edesaSi (osroenaSi) iudevel-qristianTa mefem upiratesoba mainc qristianobis axal, elinistur nakads mianiWa da mis safuZvelze aRiara Tavis saxelmwifoSi qristianoba oficialur religiad (iqve, gv. 173). edesis pirvel episkoposad miCneul iq na pal uTi ( serapi on ant ioq iel is mi er TiT qos da xeldasxmuli), Tumca es iyo mxolod berZnuli tradiciis aRiarebis faqti da ara istoriuli sinamdvile (iqve,. gv. 173). qarTlSi, T.mgalobliSvilis azriT, II-III saukuneebSi arsebul iudeur-qristiani nakadi Seicvala mefe mirianis dros axali, elinisturiT, mTeli misi SedegebiT. Cvenamde moRweuli wmida ninos da petre iberis cxovrebidan Cans, rom axali elinisturi nakadi Zveli iudaurisagan ZiriTadad imiT gansxvavdeboda, rom monazvnuri suliskveTebis Semomtani da damnergavi iyo, kerZod axasiaTebda `asketizmi da nazareveloba~. marTalia, saxarebis mcnebis (maTe 19, 21, I kor. 7, 32-35) Sesabamisad, zogierTi qristiani qalwulobis aRTqmas I saukuneebidanve debda, magram mas III s-dan ufro masiuri saxe miuRia. qalwulebi da monazvnebi (marto myofeli, gandegilebi) ukve udabnoSi gadiodnen. antoni didi (251-354) pirveli Seudga Tavis garSemo meudabnoe gandegilTa Sekrebas. paxomi didma (282-346) organizaciuli saxe misca gandegilTa Tems, daarsa pirveli qalTa monasteri, magram sirieli afraatis cnobiT gandegil qalwulTa (qalTa da kacTa) Zmuri kavSirebi iqamdec arsebobda. wmida nino ekuTvnoda msgavs Tems. kerZod, qalwulTa kavSirs, romelic 52 wevri iyo, mas mematiane monasters uwodebs

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da wers `moixsenes maT ubiwo igi aRTqma da Rirsi qebisa martoebiT cxovreba, romelsa igi iyvnes ganswavlul... erTobiTYgan zraxv iTa dauteves qv eyana da farul ad ormocdaTormetman sulman~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 82). wmida ninos mama - gandegili iyo `da warvida wiaR iordanesa, kacTa maT Tana velurTa~ (q.c., I, gv. 77), qoneba glaxakebs dauriga. dedac ojaxs ganSorda da dadga `msaxurad glaxakTa dedaTa da uZlurTa~ (iqve, gv. 77). wmida ninoc bavSvobidanve sxvebs emsaxureboda `msaxurebda niaforsa~ (iqve, gv. 77). romSi man `i pova rifsime da dedamZuZe misi gaiane monastersa Sina qalwulTasa~. saqarTveloSi Semosvlis Semdeg qristianul mimarTulebas wmida ninom asketuri suliskveTeba mianiWa. es kargad Cans IV s. II naxevris qarTlis cxovrebis aRweridan. magaliTad, petre iberis papa, bakur didi da misi meuRle duxtia TavianTi mefobis dros monazvnur cxovrebas eweodnen. ramdenime Svilis gaCenis Semdeg erTmaneTSi dades aRTqma xorcieli kavSiris uaryofisa (georgika, II, 1965, gv. 250). zedmiwevniT mlocveli da mmarxveli mefe bakuri Tavis xeliT aWmevda glaxakebs RaribTa TavSesafarSi. dedofalma gayida oqros nivTebi da Raribebs dauriga. petres mamis (buzmariosis) Tanamedrove arsiliosi qalwulobis aRTqmis dacvas cdilobda (georgika, II, gv. 251). petres aRmzrdeli `ZuZo~ iseTi wmida iyo, rom RamiT dgeboda da ucxouri wyaros Tanaxmad qarTulad loculobda da tiroda ise, rom netar petres cremlebiT asvelebda~. petres deda daqvrivebis Semdeg qalaqidan gavida, soflad cxovrobda asketurad, agebda ucxoTa TavSesafrebs, saavadmyofoebs, Caicva `monazonis kaba~ (georgika, II, gv. 251). v.goilaZis Tanaxmad petre iberi ganekuTvneboda qarTlis samefo dinastiis e.w. revianTa Stos, romelsac saTave daudo mefe mirianis Ze revma, misi meore Zis baqaris STamomavlebma (baqarianebma) aseve Tavis xelSi aiRes samefo xelisufleba (v.goilaZe, farnavazTa saxlis qristian mefeTa qronologia, 1990, gv. 159). imis Semdeg rac qarTli 369 wels orad gaiyves iranma da bizantiam erTmaneTs Soris, revianebi marTavdnen mtkvris marjvena sanapiroze arsebul qarTul qveynebs, maT Soris TavianT xeldebulad miiCnevdnen klarjeTsa da egriss, xolo baqarianebi mtkvris marcxena mxris qveynebs. baqarianebis sataxto iyo mcxeTa, xolo revianebisa armazi. armazTan erTad revianTa samefos centri unda yofiliyo bolnisic, sadac revianma mefeebma aaSenes erT-erTi udidesi taZari Tavisi

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droisaTvis. maSasadame, petres papa bakuri didi, mama buzmariosi, deda bakurduxti da sxvani cxovrobdnen bolnisSi anda bolnisTan, im miwaze romelsac amJamad qvemo qarTli ewodeba, sadac iyo maTi samefos centri. qarTuli saeklesio liturgikuli enis Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT, es momenti imiT aris saintereso, rom armazi jer kidev warmarTobis dros warmoadgenda rogorc fiqroben qarTuli warmarTuli saistorio literaturis Seqmnis keras, xolo bolnisSi IV s. bolos aigo taZari V-is dasawyisis pirveli qarTuli warwerebiT. v.goilaZis mtkicebiT, `Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis monacemebidan gamomdinare bolnisis sionis Sekazmva, aRdgena qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis elias (383-397 ww) Trdat revis Zis (383-395), farsmanis (395-397) da bakuris (396-416) zeobaSi xdeba~ (iqve, gv. 126). am droindelia misi warwerebic, maSasadame pirvelni aqamde cnobilTa Soris. es taZari, aqamde miiCneoda, rom agebuli iyo V s. bolos, magram aris sxva mosazrebanic, rogorc aRiniSna. `uaxloes samecniero literaturaSi `friad sarwmuno bakuri~ (rogorc ma s u w od eb en g el as i ke s a ri el i da r u f i n u s i ) , identificirebulia qarTlis moqcevis qronikebSi dasaxelebul bakur Trdatis ZesTan da marTebulad aris gaigivebuli filosofos bakurTan, romelic iberiis mefe iyo 403-416 wlebSi Tu bolnisis sioni marTlac TxuTmeti weli Sendeboda, samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli varaudiT bakurs 14 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeeZlo eSenebina es eklesia, xolo farsmans misi orwliani zeobis dros SeeZlo daesrulebina es taZari. amgvarad `friad sarwmuno bakuri~ ara mxolod bolnisis eklesiis maSeneblad SegveZlo migveCnia, aramed pirveli qristianuli erovnuli ikonografiis programis mesaZirkvledac~ (g.abramiSvili, `friad sarwmuno bakuri~ qristianuli arqeologiis mesame samecniero konferencia, 1999, gv. 10). rogorc aRiniSna, wmida ninos Semosvlis Semdeg Cans saqarTveloSi gaimarjva qristianobis axalma elinisturma nakadma, romelic ara mxolod monazvnuri suliskveTebiT gamoirCeoda, aramed RvTismsaxurebis sagangebo wesebis SemoRebiTac. axla ukve RvTismsaxurebisas wignebis gamoyeneba aucilebeli iyo. unda vifiqroT, rom Tavdapirvelad berZnulenovani saRmrTo wignebi gamoiyeneboda, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, am droisaTvis, qarTulad TiTqmis ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo Sesabamisi saeklesio zepiri terminologia, amitomac

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berZnuli teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg sagangebo mTargmneli mas qarTul enaze Targmnida. aseve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom qarTul enaze locvebi im droisaTvis ukve arsebobda, amis Semdeg gvaqvs wyaros pirdapiri miTiTeba. petre iberis gamzrdeli `ZuZo~ (Seadare - `dedamZuZe~, `ZiZa~) ioane rufusis sityviT, qarTulad loculobda Semdegi sityvebiT: `ufalo ieso, RmerTo Cemo, Cemi sicocxlis Semqmnelo, Semibrale me~ (georgika, II, gv. 251) V s. 10-in wlebSi. rogorc iTqva, revianTa qarTlis samefo, romelic miiCneoda armazis Zveli kulturul-istoriuli tradiciis memkvidred, teritoriuli siaxlovis gamo xSirad somxeTis gavlenis sferoSi eqceoda. iranisa da romis 377 wlis SeTanxmebiT somxeTis did nawilSi damyarda iranelTa xelisufleba, xolo 387 wels moxda somxeTis gayofa am or imperias Soris. am dros revianTa samefo anu qvemo qarTli iranis gavlenis sferoSi moeqca. somxeTSi irani krZalavda RvTismsaxurebis dros berZnulenovani wignebis gamoyenebas. movses xorenacis cnobiT, iranelTa xelisufali `ra wignebsac ki waawydeboda, wvavda. brZana rom eswavlaT sparsuli da ara berZnuli wera-kiTxva, aravis hqonda ufleba elaparaka berZnulad, anda eTargmna am enidan~ (m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv. 206). am mizezis gamo, somxeTSi RvTismsaxurebi gamouval mdg omareobaSi aRmoCn dn en , radg an ac t radi ci u lad RvTismsaxurebis dros wignis mkiTxvelebi jer berZnul enaze kiTxulobdnen wignebidan teqstebs, iqve myofi mTargmnelebi ki Targmnidnen somxur enaze, romelsac ismenda xalxi (iqve, gv. 216). IV s. bolosaTvis iranis xelisuflebis mier somxeTSi moispo berZnuli wignebi, wignebis uqonlobis gamo somxuri eklesiis meTauri sahak didi iyenebda asurul wignebs. xoreneli ganmartavs `saqme isaa, rom mehruJanma dawva berZnuli wignebi mTels Cvens qveyanaSi. amasTanave, somxeTis danawilebisas sparsTa wil somxeTSi sparseli moxeleebi aravis rTavdnen berZnuli mwignobrobis SeTvisebis nebas~, xelisuflebam moiTxova, rom saRvTismsaxuro saWiroebisaTvis somxebs TviTonve SeeqmnaT somxuri anbani, anda berZnulis nacvlad gamoeyenebinaT asuruli mwignobroba. aseTi iZulebis gamo somxebma daiwyes fiqri da mzrunveloba somxuri anbanis Sesaqmnelad, romliTac dawerili wignebi daiWerda berZnulis adgils. iranelebi TavianT xeldebul revianTa qarTlis samefoSic msgavsadve unda moqceuliyvnen. xorenacis sityviT somxuri

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anbanis Seqmnis sakiTxebze zrunavda `sahak didTan Sekrebili yvela episkoposi~ (iqve, gv. 222), aseve qarTuli anbanis restavracias Tu Seqmna-SemuSavebas xorenacis sityviT xels uwyobda `qarTlis mefe bakuri da mose episkoposi~ (iqve, gv. 224). agreTve vinme jala, da mefis karze qarTuli provinciebidan (xorZenedan da taronidan) Camosuli sasuliero pirebi. rogorc cnobilia, mesrop maStocma mTeli maxlobeli aRmosavleTis qveynebi moiara somxuri anbanis Ziebis Jams, aseve iqceodnen sxva maZieblebic. unda vifiqroT, rom saqarTveloSic msgavs moments hqonda adgili. qarTvelebs an sakuTari anbani unda SeeqmnaT anda gamoeyenebinaT saeklesio saWiroebisaTvis sxva ukve arsebuli mwignobroba, berZnulis sanacvlod, romelic akZaluli iyo. aseT dros safiqrebelia, qarTvelebs moeZebnaT is anbani, romelsac maTi winaprebi iqamdec iyenebdnen, kerZod, armazSi da sxva qalaqebSi iyenebdnen e.w. `armazul damwerlobas~. qristeSobis Semdeg saukuneebSi `armazuli anbaniT~ Sesrulebuli mravalricxovani warwera aris aRmoCenili arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad. Tavis mxriv, rogorc cnobilia, armazuli damwerloba aris arameuli damwerlobis Taviseburi saxeoba. mesrop maStocis epoqaSi erovnuli anbanis qristianuli saWirobisaTvis Ziebisas qarTvelebi upirvelesad ifiqrebdnen armazuli anbanis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb. am axali saWirobisaTvis maT cxadia unda moeZebnaT armazuli damwerlobis pirvelsaxe, anu is anbani, romelic armazuli anbanis Tavdapirvel, amosaval saxed miiCneoda. dadgenilia, rom rogorc iTqva, armazuli anbani arameuli damwerlobidanaa warmomdgari. IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi qarTvelTa mizani iqneboda moeZebnaT arameuli damwerlobis `swori~, maTi azriT, `Tavdapirveli~ saxeoba. aseTi unda yofiliyo Zveli semituri weris arameuli ganStoebis e.w. `qilamuvas~ da `mar-rebuqis~ saxeobebi (maTgan iqna miRebuli Semdgom `armazuli~ damwerlobac) (T. gamyreliZe, weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba, 1989, gv. 38). saerTod, SeiZleba iTqvas esaa saSualo finikiuri damwerloba, romlidanac iqna miRebuli rogorc berZnuli, ise qanaanuri damwerlobani. qarTul asomTavrulsac, r.patariZe da sxva qarTveli mkvlevarebi miiCneven maTgan miRebulad. ase, rom `armazul damwerlobasa~ da asomTavrul anbans erTi wyaro gaaCniaT: semitur-finikiur-arameuli. rogorc aRiniSna, berZnuli

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wignis, anbanisa da enis gamoyeneba gansaxilvel periodSi akrZaluli iyo iranis xelisufalTa mier, amitomac qarTvelebs, berZnulis nacvlad unda gamoeZebnaT sxva anbani saRvTismsaxuro saWiroebisaTvis, aseTad ki unda mieCniaT erovnuli imJamad ukve arsebuli `armazuli damwerlobis~ Tavdapirveli saxeoba, romelic, rogorc Cans, qarTvelTaTvis qristeSobamde mravali aswleuliT adre iyo cnobili. qarTuli anbanis paleografiuli analizis safuZvelze iv.javaxiSvilma qarTuli anbanis Seqmna Zv. w. VII s-Si ivarauda (iv.javaxiSvioli, qarTuli paleografioa, 1949, gv. 236). p.ingoroyva fiqrobda, rom qarTuli anbani unda Camoyalibebuliyo Zv. w. IX-VIII ss-Si, roca qarTveli xalxis erTi nawili, Tobalebi da mesxebi, mcire aziis teritoriaze mkvidrdeboda (p. ingoroyva, Txz. t. IV, 1978, gv. 248). r.patariZis azriT, qarTuli anbani Zv. w. V s-Si Camoyalibda. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom es iyo ara asomTavruli anbani, aramed zemoaRniSnuli semitur-finikiuri anbani. aseTi daSveba T.gamyreliZes SesaZleblad miaCnia, oRond qarTuli anbanis e.w. `danarTi~ nawilis mimarT (igulisxmeba sakuTriv qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebel bgeraTa aso niSnebi) (T.gamyreliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 177). man am mxriv yuradReba miaqcia qarTul asomTavrulis `wil~ asoniSans, romlis prototi pad semituri (arameuli) Sesabamisi aso, kerZod armazuli arameulis erTerTi asoniSnis forma miiCnia, misi mosazrebiT, es forma arsebiTad emTxveva `wil~ asos moxazulobas qarTul nusxaxucur damwerlobaSi (iqve, gv. 178). aseve aRsaniSnavia is, rom qarTuli asomTavrulis pirveli niSani `an~-is grafikuli prototi pi SesaZlebelia iyos semitur-finikuri `alefi~ (mTlianad msgavsi arqauli berZnulis alfa niSnisa), romelsac qarTulSi miuweres damatebiTi horizontaluri xazi, romelic ZiriTad grafikul elements - naxevarwrexazs, zemodan erTvis, qarTuli ban-is arqauli grafikuli saxeoba TiTqmis mTlianad msgavsia Sesabamisi semituris `bet~ niSnisa da ufro nakleb hgavs arqauli berZnulis `betas~. aseva `gani~, `doni~ da sxva aso niSnebi rac kargad aRwera r.patariZem. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Cven unda vigulisxmoT, rom IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mefeebis bakurisa da farsmanis dros moxda berZnuli anbanis mixedviT Zv eli qarTul i (s emi tur-fin iki uri dan warmomaval i)

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damwerlobis reforma. aseTi mosazrebis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva is, rom am dromde saqarTveloSi namdvilad arsebobda da gamoiyeneboda adgilobrivi e.w. `armazuli damwerloba~, romlis Sesaxebac cxadia codna unda hqonoda `armazuli qarTlis~ anu `revianaTa qarTlis~ samefo dinastiis mesveurebs, romelnic amave dros cnobili da saxelganTqmuli pirebi iyvnen mTel berZnul samyaroSi, viTarca berZnuli enisa da filosofiis saukeTeso mcodneni. qarTuli saeklesio-liturgikuli enis Camoyalibebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa isic, rom `revianTa qarTlis~ Tavdapirvel dedaqalaqSi - armazSi specialistebis daskvniT iqmneboda warmarTuli xanis qarTuli saistorio Zeglebi, kerZod `moqcevai qarTlisaSi~ (uZveles saistorio ZeglSi) e.w. antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa si a `uciloblad avTenturobis beWeds atarebs~. am wyaros `istoriuli teqsti, romelic exeba antikur xanas... momdinareobs warmarTuli xanis Zeglebidan~ (p.ingoroyva, Tx. t. IV, gv. 254, 255). p.ingoroyvas eTanxmeba g.meliqiSvili, iv. loliSvili da sxvani. warmarTuli mwerlobis mTeli rigi fragmentebi da nawyvetebi Semonaxulia qarTuli saistorio TxulebebSi. r.baramiZis azriT, `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ gvxvdeba warmarTuli xanis saukuneebSi Seqmnili mTliani nawarmoebebi dasrulebuli saxiT. v.goilaZis azriT, qarTuli warmarTuli mwerlobis arseboba ueWvelia, misi azriT qarTlis warmarTi mematianeebi momxdar ambebs iwerdnen qarTul enaze. s.kakabaZis azriT, es xdeboda arameuli enis saSualebiT, e.i. iqmneboda qarTlis istoriis arameuli wyaroebi. es wyaro hqonda xelT IV s-Si grigol diakons, romelic moqcevai qarTlisais berZnuli teqsti Seadgina. T.gamyreliZis azriT mematianis cnoba farnavaz mefis mier qarTuli mwignobrobis Seqmnis Sesaxeb SeiZleba niSnavdes am dros qarTulis werilobiTi xmarebis SemoRebas `heterografiis~ saxiT, e.i. romelime gavrcelebul ucxour enaze, magaliTad arameulad Sedgenili teqstis wakiTxviT adgilobrivi enis safuZvelze (T.gamyreliZe, weris anbanuri sistema da Zveli qarTuli damwerloba~, gv. 198). aseTi xerxic ki, gulisxmobs qarTuli saliteraturo (Tumca ki zepiri) enis Camoyalibebas warmarTul xanaSi, e.i. IV s-mde gacilebiT adre, rac cxadia safuZvlad unda dadeboda SemdgomSi qarTuli saeklesio liturgikuli enisa da saerTod qristianuli literaturis Camoyalibebas. rogorc miRebulia, mesrop maStocim somxuri anbani Seqmna

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daaxloebiT 405-406 wlebSi. TiTqmis amave wlebSi somxur wyaroTa cnobiT Seiqmna qarTuli anbanic. rogorc imJamindeli saerTaSoriso mdgomareobis analizi aCvenebs, qarTuli uZvelesi semitur-finikiuri warmomavlobis damwerlobis reforma berZnuli anbanis gavleniT am epoqaSi unda momxdariyo mefe bakuris dros (rogorc amas somxuri wyaroebic miuTiTebs) kerZod V s. avtori koriuni (Rjh.y- :bnbt Vfinjwf- Thtdfy- 1962c= 100_101) da xorenaci (m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, 1984, gv. 231). amave wlebis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs petre iberis cxovrebac. misi biografis zaqarias cnobiT, romelic qarTlidanve gahyolia ucxoeTSi monazvnad wasul petres, patara murvaniosi saqarTveloSive sami wlis asakidan `misces samwignobred da daiswava man yovelive swavlai da gulisxmis yofiT aRmoikiTxvn wmidaTa werilTa da iwurTin marad dRe da Rame~ (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, 1967, gv. 217). murvaniosi dabadebula daaxloebiT 411 wels, misi sami wlis asakSi e.i. 414-415 wlisaTvis qarTulad ukve arsebobda wmida werilis Targmanebi, amas miuTiTebs is, rom misi biografebi, romelnic kargad icnobdnen misi siymawvilis garemos, weren: petre iberma berZnuli da asuruli enebi Seiswavla ucxoeTSi, da es enebi man qarTlSi ar icoda, kerZod, petrem 12 wlis asakSi konstantinopolSi `daiswavla enai berZnuli da swavlai~ (Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, gv. 224), xolo ierusalimSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg iq `iswava enai da swavlai asurebrivi~ (iqve, gv. 224). e.i. asuruli ena. maSasadame, patara petres qarTlSi 3 wlis asakidan aswavlidnen qarTul mwignobrobas, kerZod ki wmida werils. swored mas swavlobda patara petre `dRe da Ram~ 9 wlis manZilze (3 wlis asakidan 12 wlamde) 414-420 wlamde. amitomac araa gasakviri, rom palestinaSi beTlemis maxloblad petre iberis mier aSenebul monastrebSi (ivaraudeba 433 wlis axlo xanebSi) aRmoCnda asomTavruli warwerebi, sadac ixseniebian petre da misi winaprebi, maT Soris mefe bakuri (petres papa dedis mxriv). mkvlevarebis daskvniT im mcire enobrivi masalis mixedviTac, romelic warwerebSia warmodgenili, aSkarad Cans, rom ukve am dros (V s. pirvel naxevarSi) saliteraturo qarTuli ena mtkiced iyo Camoyalibebuli. amave xanas ganekuTvneba petre iberis papis Zmis mefe arCilis mier dasmuli qarTlis episkoposis mobidanis Sesaxeb daculi cnoba, rom igi `farulad

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werda wignebsa sacTurisasa, romel Semdgomad missa dawva yoveli werili misi WeSmaritman episkoposman miqael~, mobidani, rasakvirvelia werda qarTulad, vinaidan misi mizani iyo gaevrcelebina macduri moZRvreba Tavis samwysoSi - qarTvelTa Soris. im cnobis Tanaxmad, V s. I mesamedSi qarTul enaze iwereboda `wignebi~. amave epoqas ganekuTvneba cnoba arCil mefis (422-432) Svilis mirdtis meuRlisaTvis wmida saxarebis Targmanis Sesaxeb (igi qarTveli ar iyo) - `sagduxt dedofalman gamoikiTxa sjuli qristesi rameTu qmarman misman mohgvara kacni sjulisa mecnierni da uTargmnes saxareba uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi~. cnobaSi xmarebuli gamoTqva `uTargmnes~, bunebrivia, ise unda gavigoT, rom Targmnes an qarTulad, an qarTulidan (ufro bunebrivia qarTulidan uTargmnes anu ganumartes). qarTlSi IV saukuneSi gamarjvebuli qristianobis elinisturi mimarTuleba gulisxmobda asketur monazvnur moSurneobas SekavSirebuls mwignobrobasTan. kerZod, petre iberi Tavis mowafeebs ase moZRvravda - rogorc urwyavi baRi gaxmeba da unayofo iqneba. `egreTve goneba monazonisa unayofo iqnebis Tvinier wignis kiTxvisa da smenisa swavlaTa sulierTa~ (Zveli qarTuli agiogr. lit. Zegl., II, 1967, gv. 255). unda vigulisxmoT, rom IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi qarTlSi samefo karisa da eklesiis ierarqTa meTaurobiT gaCaRebuli iyo yovlismomcveli mTargmnelobiT muSaoba, romelsac erToda sakuTriv qristianuli damwerlobis Seqmna-Zieba. qristianuli mwignobrobis dafuZnebis am epoqaSi moRvaweobdnen wmida werilis pirveli mTargmnelebi. ZiriTadad petre iberis ojaxis karze, pirvel mTargmnelebs TavianTi moRvaweobis sayrdenad unda hqonodaT adgilobrivi literaturuli memkvidreoba. kerZod, aRniSnul samefo dinastias, iqamde ukve gaaCda sakuTari saistorio matiane - `moqcevai qarTlisai~, romelic v.goilaZis Tanaxmad aris revian mefeTa istoria, Sedgenili IV-V saukuneebSi. reviani mefeebi iyvnen memkvidreni im miwa-wylisa, romelic `sapitiaxSod~ iwodeboda, mis dedaqalaq armazSi, rogorc aRiniSna, p.ingoroyvas Tanaxmad `JamiT-Jamad~ iwereboda qarTlis antikur mefeTa~ qronikebi. e.i. qvemo qarTlSi warmarTobis dros da qristianobis gamarjvebis pirvel saukuneSi iwereboda qarTlis istoriis erT-erTi varianti. es iyo is literaturuli miRweva, romelic safuZvlad unda dadeboda V s. dasawyisSi (an IV s. bolos) qristianuli mwignobrobis Camoyalibebasa da

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wmida werilis Targmanis saqmes. es literaturuli safuZveli ar iyo adgilobrivi mniSvnelobisa, aramed warmoadgenda zogadqarTuls, radganac ganekuTvneboda im epoqas, roca fuZe qarTuli enis daSlis procesi axali dawyebuli iyo, amitomac kuTxuri enebi da miTumetes dialeqtebi Zalze axlos idgnen erTmaneTTan da fuZe qarTul enasTan. rogorc aRiniSna armazuli literaturuli safuZvlebi iqmneboda antikur epoqaSi, amave xanaSi iwyeboda fuZe qarTuli enis dialeqtur doneze danawevreba, amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna, warmarTobis dros yvela qarTul tomSi, maT Soris, samegrelosa da svaneTSi sakerpTmsaxuro ena anu locva-rituali qarTul enaze aResruleboda, arsebobda `saerTo warmarToba~ maT Soris megrelTa da svanTaTvis saerTo qarTuli eniTa da saerTo terminologiiT (iv.javaxiSvili, YTxz. I, gv. 156). IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi revian mefeTa karze gaCaRebul qristianuli samwerlobo da kulturis enis SeqmnaSemuSavebaSi monawileoba unda mieRoT dasavleT saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebsac, radgan iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT `mis SeqmnaSemuSavebaSi megrelebsa da svanebs TavianTi wvrili aqvT Setanili~, amis pirovnul gamoxatulebad Cven unda miviCnioT patara petre iberis (murvanosis) aRmzrdelad dasavleT saqarTvelodan ioane lazis mowveva. ioane lazi patara petres `dRe da Ram~ 3 wlis asakidan vidre 12 wlis asakamde zrdida da mwignobrobas aswavlida, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo qarTul enaze. unda vigulisxmoT, rom igi aqtiurad monawileobda im did Semoqmedebi T muSaobaSi, romel ic samefo karze mimdinareobda saeklesio-literaturuli enis SeqmnaCamoyalibebisaTvis IV s. bolosa da V s. dasawyisSi. rogorc Cans, dasavleT saqarTveloSi am dros arsebobda raRac skola am mimarTulebisa, romlis warmomadgenelis mowveva qarTveli ufliswulis aRmzrdelad saWirod miuCneviaT. s.yauxCiSvilis TvalsazrisiT, ioane anu miTridate lazi iyo kolxeTis cnobili ritorikuli skolis warmomadgeneli, ramdenime aTeuli wliT ufrosi petre iberze. miuxedavad amisa, igi petres aswavlida ara berZnul mwignobrobas, aramed qarTuls, radganac berZnuli `ena da swavla~ petrem SeiTvisa konstantinopolSi, qarTlidan wasvlis Semdeg, rogorc es aRiniSna. ioane lazi unda yofiliyo qarTuli saeklesio saRvTismsaxuro enisa da literaturis fuZemdebelTa, pirvel mTargmnelTa wris aqtiuri wevri, qarTuli Tavdapirveli

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mTargmnelobiTi skolis erT-erTi lideri. am gancxadebis uflebas iZleva is, rom swored ioane lazis mier agebul palestinis monasterSi aRmoCnda qarTuli warwerebi, zogierTi mkvlevaris azriT, uZvelesni ucxoeTSi dRemde cnobil warweraTa Soris, maTSi naxsenebi arian antoni, abai, da iosia. es ukanasknelni pirvelqarTvel mTargmnelebad iyvnen miCneulni Zvel saqarTveloSi. palestinis aRniSnuli warwerebis aRmoCenamde didi xniT adre pirvelqarTvel mTargmnelTa vinaobas Seexo kalistrate cincaZe (XX s. dasawyisSi), igi werda, rom `petre maiumelis mier agebul monasterSi unda mieRoT TavSesafari pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelebs samSoblios gareT - stefanesa da daviTs... amave monasterSi unda ecxovraT da emoRvawaT sxva Zvel mTargmnelebs antonsa da sabas, romelTa saxelebis moixsenieba wm. giorgi mTawmidelis piradad mcnobis efrem kiriles Zis CanawerebSi~ (Gfktcnbycrbq c,jhybr- X, c=181wignidan `saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 176). maSasadame, Zveli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili iyo pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelTa saxelebi, eseni iyvnen daviTi, stefane, antoni da saba. palestinis qarTul warwerebSi ixseniebian: antoni, abai, da iosia. miiCneva rom aba antoni iyo abati anu winamZRvari, YTumca SesaZloa aq iyos ori kacis saxeli antoni da aba, mesame ki aris iosia. maT monastris iatakis dagebisaTvis uzruniaT. Tumca ki Zveli cnobebiT, isini mTargmnelebi yofilan. qarTuli istoriografia petre ibers akavSirebda pirvel qarTvel mTargmnelobiT skolasTan, am skolis wevri unda yofiliyo petres aRmzrdeli da moZRvari ioane lazi. s.yauxCiSvili maT agebulad miiCnevs palestinis im qarTul monasters, sadac aRmoCnda zemoaRniSnuli warwerebi mTargmnelTa saxelebiT. sabolood unda davaskvnaT, rom ioane lazisa da petre iberis, saerTod dasavlel da aRmosavlel qarTvelTa aqtiuri urTierT TanamSromlobis Sedegad unda Camoyalibebuliyo is saocari Zveli qarTuli saeklesio-liturgikuli da amasTanave saliteraturo ena, romelic moicavda sruliad saqarTveloSi arsebul dialeqtebs (maT Soris megrulsa da svanurs) da iqvemdebarebda maT. saqarTveloSi im droisaTvis, TiTqmis 1600 wlis win arsebuli dialeqtebi Zalze axlos unda yofiliyvnen erTmaneTTan, rogorc es mravalgzis aRiniSna, da erTmaneTisagan ufro naklebi siSore unda hqonodaT, vidre maT amJamad gaaCniaT. rogorc cnobilia, erT dros qarTebis, megrelebisa da svanebis

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enebi erT enobriv mTlianobas qmnidna da mxolod Semdgom aTaswleulTa manZilze daSordnen isini erTmaneTs. farnavazis mier erTiani, dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos momcveli saxelmwifos warmoSobis Semdeg da ax. w. II-III saukuneebSi, qristianobis qadagebaTa Jams, Cans mTel saqarTveloSi jer kidev esmodaT is erTiani ena, romelic safuZvlad dasdebia warmarTul kultmsaxurebis enas, Semdgom ki qristianul RvTismsaxureba-qadagebas. imJamad jer kidev arsebuli enobrivi erToba daedeboda safuZvlad IV s. bolosa da V s. dasayisSi pirvel mTargmnelTa saqmianobas. am procesSi, rogorc ioane lazisa da petre iberiis urTierTTanamSromlobis magaliTi miuTiTebs, monawileobas iRebda mTeli qarTveli eris inteleqtualuri zedafena. swored ase unda gavigoT, Cven ivane javaxiSvili gamoTqma, rom qarTuli saliteraturo enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi TavianTi wvlili SeutaniaT megrelebsa da svanebs, e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas, mxolod amis Sedegi iyo is, rom `megrelebisa da svanebisaTvis erTaderTi samwerlo da kulturis ena iyo da aris dResac Zveli qarTuli ena~ (iv. javaxiSvili). amis Sedegi iyo isic, rom rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi arasodes Seqmnila raime Txzuleba anda ubralo warwerebic ki romelime kuTxur enasa da dialeqteze. Zveli qarTuli saliteraturo ena sinamdvileSi iyo saqarTvelos yvela kuTxis mkvidrTaTvis mSobliuri, umTavresi anu deda ena.

8.03.2000 mTavarepiskoposi anania

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