Linear Algebra Unit 5 Inner Product Spaces

1. Find the QR factorization of the matrix A=[ ]

2. By using the orthogonal projection determine the least square solution to this system of equation Ax=b where

A=[

and

b=[

3. a. Construct an orthogonal basis for W given

x1=[ ]

x2=[ ]

x3=[ ]

b. Find the QR factorization of A=[ ]

4. a. Find a least- squared solution for Ax=b for

A= [

, ]

b= [ ]

b. For any linear operator T on a finite dimensional inner product space V, show that there ) for all exists a unique linear operator T* on V such that ( | ) ( | V.

5. a. Find the QR factorization of A=[

b. Find the least-squared solution of AX=B for, A=[ by QR factorization.

],

B=[

6. Find a least squared solution of the inconsistent system Ax=b for A=[

], b=[

7. Define an inner product space. Give an example. If V is an inner product space, then prove . that for any vectors in V 8. Apply the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process to find an orthogonal basis and then an orthonormal basis for the subspace of U of spanned by v1= (1, 1, 1, 1), v2= (1 ,2, 4, 5), v3=(1, -3, -4, -2). 9. Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to the vector a1=(3,0,4),a2 =(1,0,7),a3 =(2,9,11) to obtain an orthonormal basis for (R) with the standard inner product. 10. a. Prove that an orthogonal set of non-zero vectors is linearly independent. b. Let V be an inner product space and let be any independent vectors in V. Then prove that, one may construct orthogonal vectors in V such that for each K=1, 2, , n the set { } is a basis for the subspace spanned by . c. Prove that every finite dimensional inner-product space has an orthonormal basis. 11. a. Define Unitary operator. Let U be a linear operation on an inner product space V. Then move that U is unitary if and only if the product U* of U exists and UU*=U*U=1. b. Let V and W be inner product spaces over the same field, and let T be a linear transformation from V into W. Then prove that T preserves inner products if and only if for every in V. c. Let V be a finite dimensional inner product space and let U be a linear operation on V. Then prove that U is unitary if and only if the matrix of U in some (or every) ordered orthonormal basis is a unitary matrix. 12. a. Use the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization procedure to find an orthonormal basis for the sub-space of spanned by the vectors,

( )

( )

b. Find the QR decomposition of the matrix ( )

13. a. If V is an inner product space, then prove that i. | | ii. > 0 for 0 iv.

iii. v.

b. Define orthogonal and orthonormal sets in an inner product space. Prove that an orthogonal set of non-zero vectors is linearly independent. c. Apply the Gram-Schmidt process to the vectors =(1,0,1), =(1,0,-1), =(0,3,4) to obtain an orthonormal basis for with the standard inner product. 14. a. State and prove Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process theorem. b. Apply Gram-Schmidt process to the vectors B1=(3,0,4), B2=(-1,0,7), B3=(2,9,11), to obtain an orthonormal basis for (IR) with the standard inner product. c. If and are vector spaces in a unitary space then prove that i. ii. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) 15. Let T be a Linea r operator on defined by the ( ). Using the standard inner product, find the matrix of T* in the standard ordered basis. Does T commute with T*? 16. a. If V is an inner product space and let be any in dependent vector in V, then prove that, one may construct orthogonal vectors every finite dimensional inner product space has an , in V such that for every K=,12,3,, n the set { , } is a basis for the subspace spanned by . b. Prove that every finite dimensional inner product space has an orthonormal basis. 17. Define an inner product on vector space V. Show that two vectors x, y in a unitary space are + orthogonal iff

H.B. BHARATH RAHUL JAFFAR BAIG I Sem, DECS