Professional Documents
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FOR HUMANITY
Architectural Design Approaches of Hassan Fathy and YB Mangunwijaya
ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK
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This study presents the architectural approaches of the two most important figures in the built environment that
championed a generation of creative design carried out in the service of the greater public and humanity. Their
theoretical, philosophical and design praxis has expanded architectural design as an active social activism, and
has been regarded as remarkably important and generative.
It is an honor for us to analyze and present the architectural design methodologies of both the late Hassan Fathy
and the late YB Mangunwijaya . We hope this study will benefit in the betterment of architectural knowledge
and the built environment.
OBJECTIVES
1. To analyze and understand the thinking and theoretical approaches of both architects.
2. To learn from their past experiences of exemplary works, and try to abstract their approaches in order to
create a more reflexive and responsive design methods in our academic progression and experience.
3. To outline the similarities and differences of their approaches in responding to architectural and
contextual needs.
4. To understand the established mechanism of design and implementation process of these two great
architects.
ARCHITECTS’ BACKGROUND
HASSAN FATHY
(Alexandria, Egypt, 23 March 1900 - Cairo, Egypt, 30 November 1989)
Education:
• University of Cairo, Egypt (1926)
Professional Activities:
• Architect/ Engineer
• Writer
• Lecturer
• Musician and Dramatist
Teaching Experiences:
• University of Cairo, Egypt
Source: wikipedia.org
WORKS BY HASSAN FATHY
Hassan Fathy is noted for pioneering the use of appropriate technology for building in Egypt. His works mostly re-
establish the use of adobe/ mud brick and other traditional system as opposed to Western’s concepts and systems.
Fathy has build more than 100 projects both in his hometown, Egypt as well as internationally. Some of his most
important architectural works are:
Fathy’s experience in designing and building the New Gourna Village extended his effort in building for the poor by
publishing a very influential book titled Architecture For The Poor (1973).
Fathy also serve as a delegated consultant for the United Nations Refugee World Assistance, as well as consultant
for other institutions and international aid agencies.
AWARDS RECEIVED BY HASSAN FATHY
1980
Chairman’s Award,
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
1959
Encouragement Prize for
Fine Arts and Gold Medal
1980
Right Livelihood Award
1967 1984
National Prize for Gold Medal for Union
Fine Arts and Internationale des
Republic Decoration Architectes
1980
Balzan Prize for
Architecture and Urban
Planning
Project Name: New Gourna Village, Egypt
Project Type: Housing Development, New Town Planning
Usage: Residential, Urban Design and Development
The idea for the village was launched by the Egyptian
Department of Antiquities as a potentially cost-effective
solution to the problem of relocating an entire entrenched
community of entrepreneurial excavators that had established
itself over the royal necropolis in Luxor, Egypt.
Education:
• Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia (1959)
• Rheinisch Westfaelische Technische Hochschule, Germany (1960-1966)
• Fellow Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies, USA (1978)
Professional Activities:
• Architect
• Writer
• Catholic Religious Leader
• Lecturer/ Teacher
Teaching Experiences:
• Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
• Initiated the Elementary Education Dynamics Foundation for SD Kanisius Mangunan, Indonesia
Source: wikipedia.org
WORKS BY YB MANGUNWIJAYA
Mangunwijaya has always been regarded as Indonesia’s Father of Modern Architecture and his interests and works
were mainly associated with his sympathy towards the poor and marginal community as well as religious building
complexes.
Mangunwijaya was also the author of numerous literary works, architectural books and journals, religious books
and was an active writer on social critic issues.
1992
Aga Khan Award for Architecture
for Cooperative Housing for Slum
1975
Dwellers of Kali Chode
Radio Nederland ‘s
Golden Windmill Award
for fiction literature 1996
Ramon Magsaysay Award
for the literary fiction
Burung-Burung Manyar
1991
Golden Indonesian Institute
of Architect Award for
Marian Shrine in
Sendangsono 1995
Ruth and Ralph Erskine Award for
Cooperative Housing for Slum
Dwellers of Kali Chode
Source: archnet.org
Laid between two important rivers, this village started out as
illegal squatters that explains the location below the highway
bridge and its proximity to the river.
Both Hassan Fathy and Mangunwijaya are best known for their active role in developing and implementing
humanitarian approaches in their architectural polemic theories. We will outline their theories in order to learn
and understand them in an analytical comparative way.
A collective approach in problem solving is seen as Answers to today’s problem in the world of built
the most appropriate way in helping the poor and environment are to response to each unique
marginalized community humans’ dream and reality
Social Knowledge
religious
writers, poets, movements anthropologists economists
journalists
THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1. Fathy, H., Architecture For The Poor: an Experiment in Rural Egypt, University of Chicago Press, CA, 1973.
2. Khudori, D., Menuju Kampung Pemerdekaan, Yayasan Pondok Rakyat, Jakarta, 2002.
3. Bell, B. & Wakeford, K. (ed.), Expanding Architecture: Design as Activism, Metropolis Books, NY, 2008.
4. Frampton, K. (et al.), Modernity and Community: Architecture in the Islamic World, Aga Khan Awards for
Architecture, Thames & Hudson, London, 2001.
5. Silas, J., The Kampung Improvement Programme of Indonesia, John Willey & Sons, NY, 1984
6. www.arkitekt.se/erskine
7. www.wikipedia.org
8. www.archnet.org
END