FOR: BSN 3A, 3B, and 3C JAN 2013 N-104 HUMAN IMMUNE DEFICIENCY VIRUS

HIV Replication Cycle

Steps in the HIV Replication Cycle
1. Fusion of the HIV cell to the host cell surface. 2. HIV RNA, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and other viral proteins enter the host cell. 3. Viral DNA is for ed !" reverse transcription. #. Viral DNA is transported across the nucleus and integrates into the host DNA. $. Ne% viral RNA is used as geno ic RNA and to '. Ne% viral RNA and proteins (. )he virus a&e viral proteins. ature, HIV virus for s.

ove to cell surface and a ne%, i

atures !" protease releasing individual HIV proteins.

HIV Replication Cycle Glossary

CD4 * a large gl"coprotein that is found on the surface of helper ) cells, regulator" ) cells, onoc"tes, and dendritic cells. Its natural function is as a co*receptor that assists the ) cell receptor +),R- to activate its ) cell follo%ing an interaction %ith an antigen presenting cell. ,D# is a pri ar" receptor used !" HIV*1 to gain entr" into host ) cells. Coreceptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) * protein olecules on the surface of l" phoc"tes or onoc"tes that !ind to the gp12. protein of HIV and facilitate, usuall" %ith ,D#, entr" of viral nucleic acid and proteins into the cell. DNA (deo yri!on"cleic acid) * is a nucleic acid that contains the olecular !asis of heredit" for all &no%n living organis s and so e viruses and is found in the nuclei and itochondria of eu&ar"otes. ,he icall" DNA consists of t%o pol" er strands of units called nucleotides ade up of one of four possi!le !ases plus sugar and phosphate groups. )he pol" ers are /oined at the !ases !" h"drogen !onds to for a dou!le heli0 structure. #"sion o$ %ir"s and cell &e&!ranes * a erging of cell and virus proteins and nucleic acids to enter the host cell. e !ranes that per its HIV

Geno&ic RNA * the nucleic acid that contains all of the hereditar" infor ation of a virus, and is found in a ature virion. 'p()* * an HIV gl"coprotein having a olecular %eight of 12. that protrudes fro the outer surface of the virion. )his gl"coprotein !inds to a ,D# receptor on a ) cell to facilitate entr" of viral nucleic acid and proteins into the cell. HIV (h"&an i&&"node$iciency %ir"s) * is a lentivirus and a e !er of the retrovirus fa il". HIV infects and destro"s helper ) cells of the i une s"ste causing a ar&ed reduction in their nu !ers. 1oss of ,D# cells leads to generali2ed failure of the i une s"ste and suscepti!ilit" to life threatening opportunistic infections. Inte'rase * An en2" e found in retroviruses including HIV that per its the viral DNA to !e integrated into the DNA of the infected cell. +reinte'ration co&ple (+IC) * It is co posed of viral RNA and proteins +nucleocapsid, p', Vpr, integrase, and atri0- as %ell as so e host proteins. It functions to reverse transcri!e geno ic RNA into dou!le stranded DNA prior to integration into the host geno ic DNA. +rotease * an en2" e that h"drol"2es or cuts proteins and is i portant in the final steps of HIV aturation. N"cle"s * a e !rane enclosed cellular organelle of eu&ar"otes that functions to contain the geno ic DNA and to regulate gene e0pression.

Re%erse transcriptase * an en2" e found in HIV that creates dou!le stranded DNA using viral RNA as a te plate and host tRNA as pri ers. RNA (ri!on"cleic acid) * a nucleic acid that differs fro uracil as structural co ponents. DNA in that it contains ri!ose and

RNA %ir"s * a virus that uses RNA as its genetic aterial and !elongs to either 3roup III, IV, or V of the 4alti ore ,lassification 5"ste of Viruses. HIV !elongs to 3roup III, dou!le stranded RNA viruses. Virion * a single and co plete e0tracellular infective for DNA core %ith a protein coat or 6envelope6. 1ast 7pdated Dece !er 18, 2.11
SOURCE: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES, USA

of a virus that consists of an RNA or