:

1.

.

;



,1


.2


1 Raz 1988: 15575 Spinner-Halev, J.
(2000). Op.cit.
2 Will Kym
licka; Geoffrey
Brahm Levey.

104

.
(Ghai,
2000). (Potier),

;3
, .

, ,
, ,

.
.
(Michael Hechter)
.4
(Kant), ,
;
:
() (Shell, 2009).

, (Rawls)
: 1)


; 2)

;
3) ( )

(Rawls, 1999 . 221).5 ,
3 Potier, Tim (2001) Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia. A Legal
Appraisal The Hague: Kluwer International Law, Weller, Marc and Wolff,
Stefan, [ed.]. 2005. Autonomy, Self-governance and Conflict Resolution. Innovative ap
proaches to institutional desing in divided societies. New York : Routledge
4 Hechter, Michael (2000) Containing Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
114 Weller, Marc and Wolff, Stefan, [ed.]. 2005. Autonomy, Self-governance
and Conflict Resolution. Innovative approaches to institutional desing in divided societies.
New York : Routledge
5 A Theory of Justice Rawls

.

 : ...

105

, .6 (Ghai),


,
,
(Ghai, 2000).
.7

,
,
,


(Wolff, et al., 2005).




.
2.

.

, (Weller, et al., 2008).
,
, ,
. ,
Rawls
. Political Liberalism .
6 Gurr, Ted Robert (1993) Minorities at Risk. Washington, DC: United
States Institute of Peace Press.
7
. ,
, .
, ,
,
.

106

.
(Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Europe
an Union),
.8

. ,

(Treaty on the European Union)


(
).9 , ,
.
1993 ,
.
(
, )
( ,
6 ),
2009 .

, ,
(acquis
communautaire).
(
(Framework
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities))
(European Charter for
Regional or Minority Languages))10
8 , , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
. [ 21(1)]
9 1 2000/43/EC 29 2000

. L 180/22, 19.7.2000.
10 ,

,

 : ...

107

()
(High Commissioner on National Minorities).



11 (Brunner and
Kpper, 2002). (
),
( )

.12
(Conference on Security and Coop
eration in Europe) -, 1990 ,
:
...
, ,

,
,


.13

. Brusis, M. (2008) Enlargement and Interethnic PowerSharing Arrangements in Central and Eastern Europe. M. Weller, D. Blacklock, &
K. Nobbs (Eds.), The protection of minorities in the wider Europe, New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, at 234.
11
, ,

. (Weller, et al., 2005).
,
. ,

.
12
.
,
.
.
13 35 (2), 1990
, http://www.

108

,
.
,
,
.

14 (
-),

.15 ,
,

. ,
,
.
, ,

, .

2001 ., ,
- ,
.16


. (Malloy),

. ,
osce.org/odihr/elections/14304.

.
14 M. Anderson, Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the Modern World (Cambridge:
Polity Press, 1996). (Weller, et al., 2008 p. 54-94)
15 M. Keating, The New Regionalism in Western Europe. Territorial Restructuring and
Political Change (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 1998) (Weller, et al., 2008
p. 54-94)
16 Malloy, T.H. (2005). National Minority Regions in the Enlarged European Union: Mobilizing for Third Level Politics?. ECMI Working Paper 24, July 2005.
European Centre for Minority Issues

 : ...

109

, , , , ,


. ,
,
,
.


.17

. (Euregio)

, ,
.

.

.18

(Euregio-Rat).

.


, .
e
.19
17 ( )
1958.
18 Scott, J.W. (ed.) (2006). EU enlargement, region building and shifting
borders of inclusion and exclusion. Hampshire: Ashgate Publications
19
1965. . ,
1971. (Associa
tion of European Border Regions) 10 (AEBR 2000a).
1979 , (
2000; 2000). 1981.

1983.
. ,

110

,

. ,
,
.20
, ,
,


.21 2006 ,
1985.
( ).
: (1) ,
; (2)
; (3)
; (4) ; (5)

; (6)
. ,

, ,
.
.
,

.

.
Practical Guide to Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, Association
of European Border Regions (AEBR) at http://www.aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.
en.pdf.
20 21 1980.
1981.
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/html/106.htm.

,


.
,
.
21 , ,
. Engl, A., Future

 : ...

111

(European Grouping of Terri
torial Cooperation),
,

.22 ,
( ),

,
.
3.
,
,
,
,

. ,

,

,
.
(- , -
),

, - . ,
,
. ,
- (ethperspectives on territorial cooperation in Europe: the EC Regulation on a European
Grouping of Territorial Cooperation and the planned Council of Europe third protocol
to the Madrid Outline Convention concerning Euroregional Cooperation Groupings,
European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP, 03/2007, p.8, : www.eurac.edu/edap
(6.5.2010).
22 (EC) No. 1082/2006 5.7.2006
(. ),
L 210/19

112

noi),
(Palermo & Woelk, 2011).
,
.23
(
)
,
. ,
(
)

( 18).24
: 1)
; 2) 3)
.
-

.
1948 1972 . -
- :
( ), . ,
-


. ()
()
( ,
).25

.
23 . 482/1999
24 11 1

.
. 2
1 ,
,
.
25
,
.

 : ...

113

-
, 1 1948 , 116
- ,
,
.
-
. 5 28
1948 . ,
-
26 (
),
(, , )
, .
-
. 5, 6 116
,
.27 5
, 6
, 116
26 1919.
;

, .
1945.
. 1946.
(Karl Gruber),
(Maurilio
Coppini).

.

(Alcide De Gasperi), .
.
27 5 .

.

. 6
. 116 - , ,
, - /

. - /
...

114

. ,
- .
2 1948
,
.
()
, ,
-
-

( ,
).

.
.
,


-
. ,
, , .
,

, , ,
.
, .

,
.
,

, (Woelk, Pal
ermo & Marko, 2008):
1. ;
2. ;
3.
;
4. .

 : ...

115

.
;
, ,
.
1972 ,
,
1948 ,
.

.
( ) .
,

, .
(
) . ,
,
.
,

.28
50

; ,

.

,

,
.29
28
,
(the Sdtiroler
Volkspartei) .
29 . , ,
, (
)
, .

116

( ,
, )
( ).

(),
.


.30
,
31
,

,
. ,
,


( 1918 ) ,
. :
1)
,
; 2)
,
;
3)

,

30 Alice Engl Carolin Zwilling, Cross-border cooperation between
historical legacies and new horizons Woelk, Palermo, & Marko (2008) op.cit.
31 - ( 3 )

,
.
( 1949.)
.
, (
),
.

 : ...

117

.32 1985. -- (Eu

ropa-Union-Tirol)33
,

,
.
1996 .,

, ,
.34
.
1995 , ,
.35
,
1998 .
.36 1998
32 1970
ARGE ALP ALPE ADRIA.
- 32 ,

(INTERREG );
. 1992.
, 1993.,

.
33 http://www.europa-union-tirol.info/ ; Gnther Pallaver, Eu
roparegion Tirol-Sdtirol-Trentino, Joseph Marko et al. (eds.), Die Verfassung der
Sdtiroler Autonomie. Die Sonderrechtsordnung der Autonomen Provinz Bozen/Sdtirol
(Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2005), 493510, at 497498, (Woelk, Palermo, &
Marko, 2008)
34
,

, ,
,

.
35
,
.
36 , 1998.,
,
.

118

, . ,

()
.
-

.
-

. ,

, -
.

. -

. ,


.

( 30 1985 .)
.
37
2009 ,

/ .38 2010
,
, ,


.
2011 ,

,

37 http://www.europaregion.info/en/12.asp
38
EURAC.

 : ...

119

.39 2006 .,
,
,
.




.


,
/ .
,

.
,
.
5.


: ,
, , .40

,
.


.

39 http://portal.cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/
Letter%20EGCT%20Euregio%20Tirolo-Alto%20Adige-Trentino.pdf http://portal.
cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/TSTAA%20-%20Registro%20
Ministero%20IT.pdf
40 Roberto Toniatti (2001), Levoluzione statutaria dellautonomia spe
ciale nellAlto Adige in Joseph, Marko, Sergio, Ortino and Francesco Palermo (eds.),
Lordinamento speciale della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Padova: CEDAM

120

:

, ,
,

,

, / . 1
, ,
. ,
,
.
1. , ,

(
)

( - -)

( )

.
( )

.

-
-
.

. (

 : ...

121

) .

.


.


.

,

.




.

122

,
-

.




,

.



.





,
. ,




,


,



.

Marina ANDEVA
TERRITORIAL
ACCOMMODATION OF
MINORITY GROUPS: THE
CASE OF SOUTH TYROL
Abstract
The proposed paper illustrates
the minority rights protection
model in Italy with a focus on the
Autonomous Region of TrentinoSouth Tyrol and the Autonomous
Province of South Tyrol. It analy
ses the consociational model of
power-sharing and the theories of
territorial autonomy as an accom
modating tool for settling ethnic
disputes is the leading concept in
this paper. Italy has progressively
and distinctively different legal or
der distinguishing it from the lib
eral and the French civic settings.
This paper presents in brief the Ital
ian legal order and its development
as a rich and complex instrument in
regards to the juridical treatment of
differences, as sophisticated model
studied even abroad. Thus the pa
per links the legal instruments of
the European Union in regards to
the protection of minority groups
and the regional policy and crossborder cooperation and the Italian
model of accommodating minori
ties, presenting the case of territo
rial autonomy as the most suitable
solution in a multicultural and mul
tilingual society.

 : ...

123

Anderson, M. (1996). Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the
Modern World. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Association of European Border Regions (AEBR), Practical Guide to
Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, http://www.
aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.en.pdf.
Autonomous Province of Bolzano Alto Adige. (2009). Manuale
dellAlto Adige. Bolzano: Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano Alto Adige.
Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen (1998), Astat, ed., Statistisches Jahrbuch fr Sdtirol 1998. Bozen: La Nuova Grafica Ponticelli,
S.a.s..
Benedikter, T. (2009). The worlds modern autonomy systems: concepts
and experiences of regional territorial autonomy. (EURAC, Ed.) Bolzano/
Bozen: [ ] http://www.eurac.edu/en/research/institutes/imr/Documents/AutonomiesBenedikter09FINALFINAL.pdf.
Engl, A. (2007).Future perspectives on territorial cooperation in Eu
rope: the EC Regulation on a European Grouping of Territorial Coopera
tion and the planned Council of Europe third protocol to the Madrid Outline
Convention concerning Euroregional Cooperation Groupings, European
Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP, 03/2007, p.8, : www.eurac.edu/
edap (6.5.2010).
EURAC. (2007). Future Perspectives on Territorial Cooperation in
Europe: The EC Regulation on a European Grouping of Territorial Coop
eration and the Planned Council of Europe Third Protocol to the Madrid
Outline Convention concerning Euroregional Co-operation Groupings.
European Diversity and Autonomy Papers EDAP 03/2007.
Gurr, T. R. (1993) Minorities at Risk. Washington, DC: United States
Institute of Peace Press.
Kymlicka, W. (1995). Multicultural Citizenship. A Liberal Theory of
Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalis, Milticulturalims, and Citizenship. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2001). Western Political Theory and Ethnic Relations
in Eastern Europe. W. Kymlicka, & M. Opalski, (Eds.), Can Liberal
Pluralism be Exported. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary political philosophy: An Introduction (2nd Edition ed.). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2004). Justice and security in the accommodation of
minority nationalism. S. May, T. Mododd, & J. Squires (Eds.), Eth-

124

nicity, nationalism and minority rights (p. 144-175). Cambridge and New
York: Cambridge University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2007). Multicultural Odysseys: Navigating the New International Politics of Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kymlicka, W. (2008). The Evolving Basis of European Norms of
Minority Rights: Rights to Culture, Participation and Autonomy. M.
Weller, D. Blacklock, & K. Nobbs (Eds.), The protection of minorities in
the wider Europe (p. 11-41). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kymlicka, W., & Norman, W. (Eds.). (2000). Citizenship in Diverse
Societies. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
Langer, J. (Ed.). (2007). Euroregions - The Alps-Adriatic Context.
Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Magliana, M. (2000). The Autonomous Province of South Tyrol : a
model of self-governance? Bolzano/Bozen: Accademia Europea Bolzano.
Malloy, T.H. (2005). National Minority Regions in the Enlarged European Union: Mobilizing for Third Level Politics?. ECMI Working Paper
24, July 2005. European Centre for Minority Issues
OHCHR. (2010). Minority rights: International Standards and Guidance for Implementation. New York and Geneva: United Nations.
OSCE. (2006). Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societ
ies. Office of the High Commissioner on National Minorities.
Palermo, F., & Woelk, J. (2011). Diritto Costituzionale comparato dei
gruppi e delle minoranze [Comparative Constitutional Law of groups and
minorities] (2nd edition). Milano: CEDAM.
Palermo, F., Zwillin, C. and Kssler, K. (2009). Asymmetries in Constitutional Law: recent developments in federal and regional systems.
Bozano: EURAC.
Pallaver, G. (2001)Die Sdtiroler Volkspartei. Erfolgreiches Modell
einer ethnoregionalen Partei. Trends und Perspektiven, in Institute for
Ethnic Studies (ed.), Razprave in Gradivo/Treaties and Documents (38/39)
(p. 314358). Ljubljana: Eurota.
Pallaver, G. (2008), South Tyrol Consociational Democracyin
Woelk, J., Palermo, F., & Marko, J. (Eds.).. Tolerance through Law: SelfGovernance and Group Rights in South Tyrol. (p. 303-329)Leiden and
Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Practical Guide to Cross-border Cooperation, Third Edition 2000, As
sociation of European Border Regions (AEBR) http://www.
aebr.eu/files/publications/lace_guide.en.pdf.
Provincia Autonoma Bolzano Alto Adige. LAutonomia dellAlto Adige: Descrizione delle competenze legislative ed amministrative autonome

 : ...

125

della Provincia di Bolzano. (2005). Bolzano: Provincia Autonoma Bolza

no Alto Adige.
Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia Univer
sity Press.
Rawls, J. (1999). A theory of justice - Rev.ed. Cambridge, Massachu
setts: Harvard University Press.
Regulation (EC) No. 1082/2006 of the European Parliament and Coun
cil of 5.7.2006 on a EGTC in Official Journal (OJ), L 210/19
Reilly, B. (2004). Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roberto Toniatti (2001), Levoluzione statutaria dellautonomia speciale nellAlto Adige in Joseph, Marko, Sergio, Ortino and Francesco Pa
lermo (eds.), Lordinamento speciale della Provincia Autonoma di Bolza
no, Padova: CEDAM
Scott, J.W. (ed.) (2006). EU enlargement, region building and shifting
borders of inclusion and exclusion. Hampshire: Ashgate Publications
Shaw, M. N. (2008). International Law. New York: Cambridge Uni
versity Press.
Spinner-Halev, J. (2000). Surviving Diversity: religion and democratic
citizenship. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Toniatti, R., Ortino, S., Dani, M., Palermo, F., Avolio, G., Santini, A.,
et al. (2002). Trentino - Alto Adige / Sdtirol and the European Governance. Bolzano/Bozen: Accademia Europea Bolzano.
UN. Pamphlet No. 7 of the UN Guide for Minorities: Minority rights
under the European Convention on human rights. Retrieved May 2011,
from United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner for
Human Rights: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/GuideMinorities7en.pdf
Weller, M., & Wolff, S. (Eds.). (2005). Autonomy, Self-governance and
Conflict Resolution. Innovative approaches to institutional desing in divided societies. New York: Routledge.
Werther, C. (2006) Sprachidentitt/Identit linguistica, ASTAT
(ed.), Sdtiroler Sprachbarometer. Sprachgebrauch und Sprachidentitt in
Sdtirol 2004Barometro linguistico dellAlto Adige. Uso della lingua e
identit linguistica in provincia di Bolzano 2004 (p. 143152). Bolzano/
Bozen: La Bodoniana.
Woelk, J., Palermo, F., & Marko, J. (Eds.). (2008). Tolerance through
Law: Self-Governance and Group Rights in South Tyrol. Leiden and Bos
ton: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Wolff, S. (2005). Electoral-Systems Design and Power-Sharing Re

126

gimes. I. OFlynn, & D. Russell (Eds.), Power sharing: New Challenges for Divided Societies (p. 59-74). London and Ann Arbor, Mi: Pluto
Press.
Wolff, S. (2008). Complex Power Sharing as Conflict Resolution:
South Tyrol in Comparative Perspective. J. Woelk, F. Palermo, & J.
Marko (Eds.), Tolerance Established by Law - Self-Government and Group
Rights in South Tyrol (p. 329-370). Leiden/Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
Wolff, S., & Weller, M. (2005). Self-determination and autonomy. A
conceptual introduction. S. Wolff, & M. Weller (Eds.), Autonomy, selfgovernance, and conflict resolution: innovative approaches to institutional
design in divided societies. London and New York: Routledge.

(1946) Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement, 5 September 1946
(1956) Legge regionale 6 aprile 1956, n. 5. Compensi ai componenti
delle Commissioni, comunque denominate, istituite presso gli organi della
Regione. [Composition and election of municipal bodies]
(1976) Presidental Decree N. 752 (Decreto del Presidente della Re
pubblica) from 26 July 1976. Norme di attuazione dello Statuto speciale
della Regione Trentino-Alto Adige in materia di proporzionale negli uffici
statali siti nella Provincia di Bolzano e di conoscenza delle due lingue nel
pubblico impiego, G.U. 15 novembre 1976, n. 304, B.U. 13 maggio 1980,
n. 25, suppl. n. 1 http://www.regione.taa.it/biblioteca/norma
tiva/regioni/taa/bolzano1.pdf.
(1988)
D.P.R. No. 574/1988 - Norme di attuazione dello statuto
speciale per la Regione Trentino - Alto Adige in materia di uso della lingua
tedesca e della lingua Ladina nei rapporti dei cittadini con la pubblica am
ministrazione e nei procedimenti giudiziari, G.U. 8 maggio 1989, n. 105,
B.U. 19 settembre 1989, n. 41, suppl. ord. n. 4.
(1999)
Law 15/12/1999, n. 482 - Norme in materia di tutela delle
minoranze linguistiche storiche. [Norms for historical linguistic minori
ties protection].
(2001) Decree (Decreto Legislativo) of 29 May 2001, n. 283, Norme
di attuazione dello Statuto speciale della regione Trentino-Alto Adige concernenti modifiche e integrazioni al decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 15 luglio 1988, n. 574, in materia di processo penale e di processo
civile, nonche in materia di assegnazioni di sedi notarili, e in materia di
redazione in doppia lingua delle etichette e degli stampati illustrativi dei
farmaci (Provisions implementing the Special Statute of Trentino-South

 : ...

127

Tyrol concerning amendments and additions to the Decree of the President

July 15, 1988, n. 574, relating to criminal trials and civil proceedings, as
well as on allocations of notary offices, and writing in two languages on
the labels and printed leaflets of medicines), Published in the Official Joru
nal (Gazzetta Ufficiale) n. 162 of 14 July 2001 http://www.
camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/testi/01283dl.htm
(2001) Constitutional Law N. 2 from 31 January 2001. Disposizioni
concernenti lelezione diretta dei Presidenti delle Regioni a Statuto spe
ciale e delle Province autonome di Trento e di Bolzano. GUn. 26 del 1
febbraio 2001 [Provisions concerning the direct election of Presidents of
Regions with special statute and the autonomous provinces of Trento and
Bolzano].
(2004) Legge regionale 22 dicembre 2004, n. 7. Riforma dellordina
mento delle autonomie locali [Reform of the local self-government]. (BU
31 dicembre 2004 n.55 straord.)
(2005) Decree N. 99 (Decreto Legislativo) of 23 May 2005. Norme
di attuazione dello statuto speciale della regione Trentino-Alto Adige, concernenti modifiche e integrazioni al decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 26 luglio 1976, n. 752, in materia di dichiarazioni di appartenenza
o aggregazione al gruppo linguistico, in provincia di Bolzano pubblicato
nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 135 del 13 giugno 2005 http://
www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/testi/05099dl.htm
(2005) Decree N. 124/2005 (Decreto Legislativo) of 13 June 2005, n.
124 Norme di attuazione dello Statuto speciale della regione Trentino-Alto Adige recanti modifiche e integrazioni al decreto del Presidente della
Repubblica 15 luglio 1988, n. 574, in materia di uso delle lingue italiana e
tedesca nei processi penali e civili in provincia di Bolzano(Provisions im
plementing the Special Statute of Trentino-Alto Adige region, modifying
and supplementing the Decree of the President July 15, 1988, n. 574, rela
ting to the use of Italian and German languages in criminal and civil in the
province of Bolzano), published in the Official Journal (Gazzetta Ufficiale)
n. 156 on 7 July 2005 http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/
deleghe/testi/05124dl.htm
(2008) Legge regionale 22 febbraio 2008, n. 2. Modifiche ed integra
zioni alle leggi regionali sulla composizione ed elezione degli organi delle
amministrazioni comunali. [Ammendmens of the laws on Composition
and election of municipal bodies];
(1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from Unit
ed Nations: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml
(1950). Definition and classification of minorities (Memorandum sub

128

mitted by the Secretary General). UN Sub-commission on Prevention of

Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. UN.Doc. E/CN.4/2/85.
(1965). International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Racial Discrimination. Retrieved from Office of the United Nations High
Commissioner for Human Rights: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/
cerd.htm
(1966). International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Retrieved
from UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: http://www2.ohchr.org/
english/law/ccpr.htm
(1966). International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights. Retrieved from Office of the United Nations Commissioner for Hu
man Rights: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/cescr.htm
(1950). Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as amended by Protocols No. 11 and No. 14. Retrieved
from Council of Europe Conventions: http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/
en/Treaties/Html/005.htm
(1980) Madrid Outline was signed in Madrid on 21 May 1980 and en
tered into force in 1981
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/html/106.htm
(1993). Recommendation 1201 (1993) on an additional protocol on
the rights of national minorities to the European Convention on Human
Rights. Retrieved June 2011, from Council of Europe Parliamentary As
sembly: http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta93/EREC1201.htm
(1995). Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. Retrieved from Council of Europe Conventions: http://conventions.
coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/157.htm
(1998). European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Re
trieved from Council of Europe, Treaty Office: http://conventions.coe.
int/treaty/Commun/QueVoulezVous.asp?NT=148&CM=1&CL=ENG
(2006). Recommendation 1735 (2006). Retrieved from CoE Parliamen
tary Assembly: http://assembly.coe.int/main.asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta06/erec1735.htm#1
(1980). European Outline Convention on Transfrontier Co/operation
between Territorial Communities or Authorities. Madrid. Retrieved from
http://conventions.coe.int/treaty/en/treaties/html/106.htm.
(2000) Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Offi
cial Journal of the European Communities C 364/1, 18.12.2000. Retrieved
from http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf.
(2000) Council Directive 2000/43/EC of 29 June 2000 implementing

 : ...

129

the principles of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial

or ethnic origin. (n.d.). Official Journal of the European Communities L
180/22, 19.7.2000. Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/
LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0043:en:HTML.
(2006) Regulation (EC) No. 1082/2006 of the European Parliament
and Council of 5.7.2006 on a EGTC in Official Journal (OJ), L 210/19.
(2007). Council Regulation (EC) No. 168/2007 of 15 February 2007
establishing a European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Official
Journal of the European Union L53/1, 22.2.2007. Retrieved from http://
fra.europa.eu/fraWebsite/attachments/reg_168-2007_en.pdf.
(2010). Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union. Re
trieved from EUR-Lex: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.
do?uri=OJ:C:2010:083:0013:0046:EN:PDF
:
http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/01002lc.htm - Constitutional
Law 31 January 2001 n. 2, Disposizioni concernenti lelezione diretta
dei Presidenti delle Regioni a Statuto speciale e delle Province auto
nome di Trento e di Bolzano [Provisions concerningthe direct elec
tion ofPresidentsofRegions withspecial statuteandthe autonomous
provinces ofTrentoand Bolzano]
http://www.regione.taa.it/ - Autonomous Region Trentino Alto Atide
(South Tyrol), official web site
http://www.regione.taa.it/biblioteca/minoranze/normativa.aspx - Elec
tronic Library of the Autonomous Region Trentino Alto Adige (south
Tyrol)
http://www.regione.taa.it/biblioteca/statuti/Trentino-Alto%20Adige.
pdf Unified text (Testo unificato) of the laws on the Special Statute
for Trentino - Alto Adige (South Tyrol)
http://www.provincia.bz.it/aprov/amministrazione/default.asp - Auto
nomous Province of Bolzano Alto Adige (Suth Tyrol)
http://www.provincia.bz.it/usp/service/286.asp?somepubl_
keyword=statuto The Autonomous Statute of the Autonomous Prov
ince of Bolzano/Alto Adige (South Tyrol)
http://www.provinz.bz.it/astat/it/default.asp - Istituto Provinciale di
Statistica [Provincial Statistical Office] ASTAT, Bolzano
http://lexbrowser.provinz.bz.it/it - Web Portal of the Provincial Laws
in the Province of Bolzano (South Tyrol)
http://www.regione.taa.it/Storia.aspx - Cenni di Storia: Il TrentinoAlto Adige attraverso I secoli dalle origini allautonomia [Outline of

130

History: The Trentino-Alto Adige (South Tyrol) through the centuries

from its origins to autonomy]
http://www.regione.taa.it/archivi/aa_consiglio/consiglieri.
asp?presentazione=OK The Regional Council of Trentino-Alto
Adige (South Tyrol)
http://www.provincia.bz.it/aprov/giunta-provinciale/membri.asp
Members of the Provincial Government of Bolzano Alto Adige (South
Tyrol)
http://www.europaregion.info/en/12.asp - Euregion Tirol-TrentinoAlto Adige/South Tyrol
http://portal.cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/
Letter%20EGCT%20Euregio%20Tirolo-Alto%20Adige-Trentino.pdf
Letter to the President of the Committee of the Regions from the Of
fice of the Euregion Tyrol Trentino Alto Adige (South Tyrol)
http://portal.cor.europa.eu/egtc/en-US/Projects/already/Documents/
TSTAA%20-%20Registro%20Ministero%20IT.pdf Registration of
the Euregion Tyrol Trentino Alto Adige (South Tyrol)
http://www.regione.taa.it/codice/accordo.aspx - On the Gruber-De
Gasperi Agreement, Autonomous Region Trentino-Alto Adige (South
Tyrol)
http://lexbrowser.provinz.bz.it/doc/it/dlgs-1997-354/decreto_legisla
tivo_9_settembre_1997_n_354.aspx - Legislative Decree n. 354 from
9 September 1997
http://lexbrowser.provinz.bz.it/doc/it/dlgs-2005-99/decreto_legisla
tivo_23_maggio_2005_n_99.aspx - Legislative Decree n. 99 from 23
May 2005
http://lexbrowser.provinz.bz.it/doc/it/dpgp-2003-20%C2%A720/de
creto_del_presidente_della_provincia_30_maggio_2003_n_20/art_2_
assunzione_all_impiego_provinciale.aspx - Decree from the President
of the Province of Bolzano n. 20 from 30 May 2003.
http://www.regione.taa.it/Moduli/674_TUEL%20italiano%20
libro%20maggio%202010%20definitivo.pdf DPReg 1 febbraio 2003
n.1/L, Testo Unico delle leggi regionali sulla composizione ed elezione
degli organi delle amministrazioni comunali
http://lexbrowser.provinz.bz.it/doc/it/lp-2003-4/legge_provin
ciale_14_marzo_2003_n_4.aspx?view=1 Provincial Law n. 4 from
14 March 2003.
http://www.unibz.it/it/public/press/Documents/leitbild_profilo_mis
sion.pdf - Mission Statement of the Free University of Bozen/Bolzano
http://www.suedtirolnews.it/d/artikel/2011/06/08/fps-feuernacht-

 : ...

131

1961-politisch-korrekte-geschichtenerzaehlung.html - FPS Feuer

nach 1961: politisch korrekte Geschichtenerzhlung, Sdtirol News
Achieve.
Special Statute for Trentino-Alto Adige: Modified text of the Constitution of the Trentino - Alto Adige Region and the Provinces of Trento
and Bolzano. Retrieved from http://www.provincia.bz.it/downloads/
autonomy_statute_eng.pdf .