N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Lun vn
ti: THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC

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 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

MC LC LI M U :..
Chng I
Trang 1

TNG QUAN V MNG LAN V THIT K MNG LAN

I: CC KHI NIM C BN :....Trang 2
1. Cu trc topo ca mng :.................Trang 3

2. Mng hnh sao (Star topology) :..Trang 3

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh sao:.Trang 3 * Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh sao :..Trang 3

3. Mng hnh tuyn tnh BUS (Bus topology):....Trang 3

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh tuyn tnh :..Trang 4 * Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh tuyn tnh:... Trang 4 4. Mng dng vng (Ring topology):. Trang 4 * Nhng u im ca mng dng vng:. Trang 4 * Nhng nhc im ca mng dng vng:Trang 5 5. Mng dng kt hp:............ ...Trang 5

II. CC PHNG PHP TRUY NHP NG TRUYN : Trang 6

II.1. GIAO THC CSDMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection) ..6 II. 2. GIAO THC TRUYN TH BI : Trang 6 II.3. GIAO THC FDDL :.....Trang 7

III. CC K THUT CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN:....Trang 8

III.1. PHN ON MNG LAN :.Trang 8

III.1.1. Mc ch ca phn on mng LAN : .Trang 8 * Min xung t (Cn gi l min bng thng Bandwith domain ) : Trang 9 III.1.2. Phn on mng bng Repeater :Trang 9 III.1.3. Phn on mng bng cu ni :. Trang 11 III.1. 4. Phn on mng bng router :.. Trang 13 III.1.5. Phn on mng bng b chuyn mch :..Trang 13
III.2. CC CH CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN :Trang 14

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 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

III.2.1. CHUYN MCH LU V CHUYN :..Trang 14 III.2.2. CHUYN MCH NGAY :...Trang 15 IV. M HNH THIT K MNG LAN :..... Trang 15 IV.1 M HNH PHN CP (Hierarchical models) :Trang 15

Cu trc : Trang 16. nh gi m hnh : Trang 16

IV. 2. M HNH AN NINH :.. Trang 16 Chng II :.. Trang 17

THIT K MNG VLAN

I. PHN TCH YU CU T RA : Trang 18
I.1. MC CH LA CHN TI :. Trang 18 I.2. YU CU TI :.. Trang 18 I.3. KHO ST V TR LP T CC THIT B PHNG:. Trang 19 I.4. IU KIN THI CNG V CHNG LOI VT LIU THI :.

Trang 19

I.5. LA CHN GII PHP V M HNH THIT K : Trang 19 I.5.1 La chn h iu hnh mng :.. Trang 20 I.5.2. La chn kin trc mng :.... Trang 20 I.5.3. La chn gii php k thut (Kh nng vn hnh, tnh tng thch, qun l) :.. Trang 20

II. THIT K S MNG :. Trang 21

II.1 Thit k s mng tng vt l :.. Trang 22 II.2. Thit k s mng mc logic :. Trang 23 II.3. La chn thit b :.. .. Trang 24 II.4. Lp k hoch thc hin :. Trang 24

Chng III :... Trang 24

CI T V KIM TH VLAN
I. CI T H IU HNH CHO SERVER :... Trang 24 II. CI T CC DCH V MNG V CC GIAO THC :..... Trang 24
III.2.1. DCH V DNS :.. Trang 24 Cc bc ci t dch v DNS cho my tnh phc v :.... Trang 24 III.2.2. CI T DCH V DHCP

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

III.2.2.1. Khi nim III.2.2.2 Ci t dch v DHCP Ci t dch v DHCP cho my tnh phc v

III.2.3. To nhm ngi s dng III.2.4. Thit lp ti khon ngi dng Cc bc ci t Domain controller trn Windows Server 2003

III.2.5. Lp t my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi vo h thng III.2.6. Chia s ti nguyn my con III.2.7. Kim qua s kt ni v vn hnh gi tin qua cc Switch

BNG K HOCH THC HIN

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

LI M U
C th ni ngy nay trong khoa hc my tnh khng lnh vc no c th quan trng hn lnh vc ni mng. Mng my tnh l hai hay nhiu my tnh c kt ni vi nhau theo mt cch no sao cho chng c th trao i thng tin qua li vi nhau, dung chung hoc chia s d liu thng qua vic in n hay sao chp qua a mm, CDroom. V vy h tng mng my tnh l phn khng th thiu trong cc t chc hay cc cng ty. Trong iu kin kinh t hin nay hu ht a s cc t chc hay cng ty c phm vi s dng b gii hn bi din tch v mt bng u trin khai xy dng mng LAN phc v cho vic qun l d liu ni b c quan mnh c thun li, m bo tnh an ton d liu cng nh tnh bo mt d liu mt khc mng Lan cn gip cc nhn vin trong t chc hay cng ty truy nhp d liu mt cch thun tin vi tc cao. Mt im thun li na l mng LAN cn gip cho ngi qun tr mng phn quyn s dng ti nguyn cho tng i tng l ngi dng mt cch r rng v thun tin gip cho nhng ngi c trch nhim lnh do cng ty d dang qun l nhn vin v iu hnh cng ty.

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Chng I TNG QUAN V MNG LAN V THIT K MNG LAN

I. CC KHI NIM C BN

1. Cu trc topo ca mng

Cu trc topo (network topology) ca mng LAN l kin trc hnh hc th hin cch b tr cc ng dy cp, sp xp cc my tnh kt ni thnh mng hon chnh. Hu ht cc mng LAN ngy nay u c thit k hot ng da trn mt cu trc mng nh tuyn, dng vng cng vi nhng cu trc kt hp ca chng.

2. Mng hnh sao (Star topology)

Mng hnh sao bao gm mt b kt ni trung tm v cc nt. Cc nt ny l cc trm u v cui, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc ca mng. B ni trung tm ca mng iu phi mi hot ng trong mng. Mng hnh sao cho php kt ni cc my tnh v mt b trung tm (Hub) bng cp, gii php ny cho php ni trc tip my tnh vi Hub khng cn thng qua trc Bus, trnh c cc yu t gy ngng tr mng.

Hnh 1: Cu trc mng hnh sao M hnh kt ni mng hnh sao ngy nay tr nn ht sc ph bin. Vi vic s dng cc b tp trung hoc chuyn mch, cu trc mng hnh sao c th c m rng mng bng cch t chc nhiu mc phn cp, do vy d dng trong vic qun l v vn hnh. * Nhng u im ca mng hnh sao ****************************** ***** Trang 06 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

- Hot ng theo nguyn l ni song song nn c mt thit b no mt nt thng tin b hng th mng vn hot ng bnh thng. - Cu trc mng n gin v cc thut ton iu khin n nh - Mng c th d dng m rng hoc thu hp * Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh sao - Kh nng m rng mng hon ton ph thuc vo kh nng ca thit b - Trung tm c s c th ton mng ngng hot ng - Mng yu cu ni c lp ring r tng thit b cc nt thng tin n trung tm , khong cch t my trung tm rt hn ch (100 m)

3. Mng hnh tuyn Bus (Bus topology)

Thc hin theo cch b tr hnh lang, cc my tnh v cc thit b khc cc nt mngu c ni vi nhau trn mt trc ng dy cp chnh chuyn ti tn hiu. Tt c cc nt u s dng chung ng dy cp chnh ny. Pha hai u dy cp c bt bi mt thit b gi l terminator. Cc tn hiu v d liu khi truyn i dy cp u mang theo a ch ca ni n.

Hnh 2: M hnh mng hnh tuyn ****************************** ***** Trang 07 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

* Nhng u im ca mng hnh tuyn - Loi hnh mng ny dng dy t nht, d lp t, gi r. * Nhng nhc im ca mng hnh tuyn - S n tc giao thng khi di chuyn d liu vi dung lng ln. - Khi c s hng hc mt b phn no th rt kh pht hin - Ngng trn ng dy sa cha th phi ngng ton b h thng nn cu trc ny ngy nay t c s dng.

4. Mng dng vng (Ring topology)

Mng dng ny, c b tr theo dng xoay vng, ng dy cp c thit k lm thnh mt vng kho kn, tn hiu c chy theo mt chiu no . Cc nt truyn tn hiu cho nhau mi thi im ch c mt nt m thi. D liu truyn i phi km theo mt a ch c th ca mi trm tip nhn. * u im ca mng dng vng : - Mng dng vng c thun li l n c th m rng mng ra xa hn, tng ng dy cn thit t hn so vi hai kiu trn. - Mi trm c th t c tc ti a khi truy nhp. * Nhc im ca mng dng vng - ng dy phi khp kn, nu b ngt mt thi im no d th ton h thng cng b ngng.

Hnh 3: M hnh mng dng vng

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 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

5. Mng dng kt hp
Kt hp hnh sao v tuyn (Star/ Bus topology ) . Cu hnh mng dng ny c b phn tch tn hiu (Spiter) gi vai tr thit b trung tm, ht hng dy cp mng c th chn hoc Ring topology hoc Linear Bus topology. Li im ca cu hnh ny l mng c th gm nhiu nhm lm vic cch xa nhau, ARCNE l mng dng kt hp Star/ Bus Topology . Cu hnh dng ny a li s uyn chuyn trong vic b tr cc ng dy tng thch d dng vi bt c to nh no. Kt hp hnh sao v vng (Star/ Ring topology). Cu hnh dng kt hp Star/ Ring topology), c mt th bi lin lc (Token) c chuyn vng quanh mt ci Hub trung tm. Mi trm lm vic (Workstation) c ni vi Hub l cu ni gia cc trm lm vic v tng khong cch cn thit.

II. CC PHNG PHP TRUY NHP NG TRUYN

Khi c ci t vo trong mng, cc my trm phi tun th theo nhng quy tc nh trc c th s dng ng truyn, l phng thc truy nhp. Phng thc truy nhp c nh ngha l cc th tc iu hng trm lm vic lm th no v lc no c th thm nhp vo ng dy cp gi hay nhn cc gi thng tin. C 3 phng thc c bn:

II.1 GIAO THC CSMA/CD (carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection)
Giao thc ny thng c dng cho mng c cu trc hnh tuyn, cc my trm cng chia s mt knh truyn chung, cc trm u c c hi thm nhp ng truyn nh nhau (Multiple Access) Tuy nhin ti mt thi im th ch c mt trm c truyn d liu m thi, trc khi truyn d liu, mi trm phi lng nghe ng truyn chc chn rng ng truyn ri (carrier Sense) Trong trng hp hai trm thc hin vic truyn d liu ng thi, xung t d liu s xy ra. Cc trm tham gia phi pht hin c s xung t v thng bo ti cc trm khc gy ra xung t (Collision Dection), ng thi cc trm phi ngng thm nhp, ch i ln sau trong khong thi gian ngu nhin no ri mi tip tc truyn. ****************************** ***** Trang 09 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Khi lu lng cc gi d liu cn di chuyn trn mng qu cao, th vic xung t c th xy ra vi s lng ln dn n lm chm tc truyn thng tin ca h thng. Giao thc ny cn c trnh by chi tit trong phn cng Ethernet.

II.2. GIAO THC TRUYN TH BI

Giao thc ny thng c dng trong cc mng LAN c cu trc dng vng s dng k thut chuyn th bi (token) cp pht quyn truy nhp ng truyn d liu . Th bi y l mt n v d liu c bit, c kch thc v ni dung (gm cc thng tin iu khin ) c quy nh ring cho mi giao thc. Trong ng dy cp lin tc c mt th bi chy quanh trong mng. Phn d liu ca th bi c mt bt biu din trng thi s dng ca n (Bn hoc ri) Trong th bi c cha mt a ch ch v mng dng xoay vng th trt t ca s truyn th bi tng ng vi trt t vt l ca trm xung quanh vng Mt trm mun truyn d liu th phi i n khi nhn c mt th bi ri, khi trm s i bt trng thi ca th bi thnh bn, nn gi d liu c km theo a ch ni nhn vo th bi v truyn i theo chiu ca vng. th bi lc ny tr thnh khung mang d liu. Trm ch sau khi nhn khung mang d liu ny s copy d liu vo b m ri tip tc truyn khung theo vng nhng thm mt thng tin xc nhn. Trm ngun nhn li khung ca mnh (theo vng) nhn ng, ri bt bn thnh bt ri v truyn th bi i. V th bi chy vng quanh trong mng kn v c mt th nn vic ng d liu khng th xy ra. Do vy hiu sut truyn d liu ca mng khng thay i, trong cc giao thc ny cn gii quyt hai vn c th dn n ph v h thng. Mt l vic mt th bi lm cho trn vng khng cn th bi lu chuyn na. Hai l mt th bi tun th ung s phn chia ca mi trng mng, hot ng da vo s xoay vng ti cc trm. Vic truyn th bi s khng thc hin c nu vic xoay vng b t on. Giao thc phi cha cc th tc kim tra th bi cho php khi phc li th bi b mt hoc thay th trng thi ca th bi v cung cp cc phng tin sa i logic (thm vo, bt i hoc nh li trt t ca cc trm) ****************************** ***** Trang 010 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

III.3. GIAO THC FDDL

FDDL l k thut dng cc mng c cu trc vng, chuyn th bi tc cao bng phng tin cp si quang. FDDL s dng c ch chuyn th bi trong vng trn khp kn. Lu thng trn mng FDDL bao gm 2 lung ging nhau theo hai hng ngc nhau. FDDL thng c s dng vi hai mng trc trn nhng mng LAN cng sut thp c th ni vo. Cc mng LAN i hi tc truyn d liu cao v di bng thng ln cng c th s dng FDDL.

Hnh 4: Cu trc mng dng vng ca FDDL

III. CC K THUT CHUYN MCH TRONG MNG LAN III.1 PHN ON MNG LAN

III.1.1 Mc ch ca phn on mng LAN

Mc ch ca phn chia bng thng hp l p ng nhu cu ca cc ng dng trong mng. ng thi tn dng hiu qu nht bng thng ang c. thc hin tt iu n y cn hiu r khi nim : Min xung t(Collition domain) v min qung b (Broadcast domain) * Min xung t (cn gi l min bng thng Bandwith domain) ****************************** ***** Trang 011 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Nh miu t trong hot ng ca Ethernet, hin tng xung t xy ra khi hai trm trong cng mt phn on mng ng thi truyn khung, Min xung t c nh ngha l vng mng m trong cc khung pht ra c th gy xung t vi nhau. Cng nhiu trm trong cng mt min cung t th s lm tng s xung t v lm gim tc truyn. V th m min xung t cn c th gi l min bng thng (cc trm trong cng min ny s chia s bng thng ca min) Khi s dng cc thit b kt ni khc nhau, ta s phn chia mng th nh cc min xung t v min qung b khc nhau.

III.1.2 PHN ON MNG BNG REPEATER

Thc cht repeater khng phn on mng m ch m rng on mng v mt vt l. Ni chnh xc th repeater cho php m rng min xung t.

Hnh 6: Kt ni mng Ethernet 10 Base T s dng Hub H thng mng 10 Base T s dng Hub nh l mt b repeater nhiu cng. Cc my trm cng ni mt Hub s thuc cng mt min xung t. Gi s 8 trm ni cng mt Hub 10 Base T tc 10Mb/s, v ti mt thi im ch c mt trm c truyn khung nn bng thng trung bnh mi trm c c l : 10 Mb/s : 8 trm=1,25 Mbps /1 trm. ****************************** ***** Trang 012 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Hnh sau minh ho min xung t v min qung b khi s dng repeater:

Hnh 7: Min xung t v min qung b khi phn on mng bng Repeater

Mt iu cn ch khi s dng repeater m rng mng th khong cch xa nht gia 2 trm s b hn ch. Trong hot ng ca Ethernet trong c ng mt min xung t, gi tr slotTime s quy nh vic kt ni cc thit b, vic s dng nhiu repeater l m tng gi tr tr truyn khung vt qu gi tr cho php gy ra hot ng khng ng trong mng.

Hnh 8: Quy nh vic s dng Repeater lin kt mng ****************************** ***** Trang 013 ***** **********

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

III.1.3. PHN ON MNG BNG CU NI

Cu ni hot ng tng 2 trong m hnh OSI, n c kh nng kim tra phn a ch MAC trong khung v da vo a ch ngun, a ch ch n s ra quyt nh y khung ny ti u. Quan trng l qua ta c th lin kt cc min xung t vi nhau trong cng mt min qung b m cc min xung t ny vn c lp vi nhau.

Hnh 9: Vic truyn tin din ra bn A khng din ra bn B Khc vi trng hp s dng repeater trn, bng thng lc ny ch b chia s trong tng min xung t, mi my tnh trm c s dng nhiu bng thng hn, li ch khc ca vic s dng cu ni l ta c hai min xung t ring bit nn mi min c ring gi tr slottime do vy c th m rng ti a cho tng min

Hnh 10: Min xung t v min qung b vi vic s dng Bridge ****************************** ***** Trang 014 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Tuy nhin vic s dng cu ni b gii hn bi quy tc 80/20, theo quy tc ny th cu ni ch hot ng hiu qu khi ch c 20 % ti ca phn on i qua cu, 80% l ti trng ni b phn on.

Hnh 11: Quy tc 80/20 i vi vic s dng Bridge

III.1.4 PHN ON MNG BNG ROUTER

Router hot ng tng 3 trong m hnh OSI, n c kh nng kim tra header ca gi IP nn a ra quyt nh, n v d liu m cc b nh tuyn thao tc l cc b nh tuyn ng thi to ra cc min xung t v min qung b ring bit

Hnh 12: Phn on mng bng Router ****************************** ***** Trang 015 ***** **********

 N THC TP S B :

THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

III.1.5 PHN ON MNG BNG B CHUYN MCH

B chuyn mch l thit b phc tp nhiu cng cho php cu hnh theonhiu cch khc nhau. C th cu hnh cho n tr thnh nhiu cu o nh sau:

Hnh 13: C th cu hnh b chuyn mch thnh nhiu cu hnh o

Bng tng kt thc hin phn on mng bng cc thit b kt ni khc nhau Thit b Repeater Bridge Router Switch Min xung t Mt Nhiu Nhiu Nhiu Min qung b Mt Mt Nhiu Mt hoc Nhiu

III.2 CC CH CHUYN MCH TRONG LAN

Nh phn trn trnh by, b chuyn mch cung cp kh nng tng t nh cu ni, nhng c kh nng thch ng tt hn trong trng hp phi m rng quy m, cng nh trong trng hp phi ci thin hiu sut vn hnh ca ton mng. B chuyn kt ni nhiu on mng hoc thit b thc hin chc nng ca n bng cch xy dng v duy tr mt c s d liu danh sch cc cng v cc phn on mng kt ni ti. Khi mt khung tin gi ti, b chuyn mch s kim tra a ch ch c trong khung tin. Sau tm s

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

cng tng ng trong c s d liu gi khung tin n ng cng, cch thc vn chuyn khung tin cho hai ch chuyn mch: Chuyn mch lu v - chuyn (store- and- forward switching) Chuyn mch ngay (cut through switch)

III.2.1 CHUYN MCH LU V CHUYN

Cc b chuyn mch lu v chuyn hot ng nh cu ni. Trc ht, khi c khung tin gi ti, b chuyn mch s nhn ton b khung tin, kim tra tnh ton vn ca d liu ca khung tin, sau mi chuyn tip khung tin ti cng cn chuyn . Khung tin trc ht phi c lu li kim tra tnh ton vn o s c mt tr nht nh t khi d liu c nhn ti khi d liu c chuyn i, vi ch chuyn mch ny cc khung tin m bo tnh ton vn mi c chuyn mch. Cc khung tin li s khng c chuyn t phn on mng ny n phn on mng khc.

III.2.2 CHUYN MCH NGAY

Cc b chuyn mch ngay hot ng nhanh hn so vi cc b chuyn mch lu v chuyn, b chuyn mch c a ch ch phn u khung tin ri chuyn ngay khung tin ti cng tng ng m khng cn kim tra tnh ton vn. Khung tin c chuyn ngay thm ch trc khi b chuyn mch nhn dng bt d liu. Khung tin i ra khi b chuyn mch trc khi n c nhn cc b chuyn mch i mi c kh nng gim st cc cng ca n v quyt nh s s dng phng php chuyn ngay sang phng php lu v chuyn nu s li trnc cng vt qu mt ngng xc nh.

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

IV. M HNH THIT K MNG LAN IV.1 M HNH PHN CP (Hierarchical models)

Hnh 14: M hnh mng phn cp * Cu trc : - Lp li (Core Layer) y l trc xng sng ca mng (Backbone), thng c dng cc b chuyn mch c tc co (high speed switching), thng c cc c tnh nh tn cy cao, c cng sut d tha, c kh nng t khc phc li, c kh nng lc gi, hay lc cc tin trnh ang chuyn trong mng - Lp phn tn (Distribution Layer) Lp phn tn l ranh gii gia lp truy nhp v lp li ca mn. Lp phn tn thc hin cc chc nng nh m bo g d liu n tng phn on mng, m bo an ninh an ton phn on mng theo nhm cng tc. Chia min Broadcast/ Multicast, nh tuyn gia cc LAN o (VLAN), chuyn mi trng truyn dn, nh tuyn gia cc min, to bin gii gia cc min trong tuyn nh tuyn tnh v ng, thc hin cc b lc gi (theo a ch, theo s hiu cng..). Thc hin cc c ch m bo cht lng dch v QOS

- Lp truy nhp (Access Layer) lp truy nhp cung cp cc kh nng truy nhp cho ****************************** ***** Trang 018 ***** **********

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

ngi dng cc b hay t xa truy nhp vo mng. Thng c thc hin bng cc b tuyn mch (Switch) Trong mi trng campus, hay cc cng ngh WAN * nh gi m hnh - Gi thnh thp - D ci t - D m rng - D c lp li

IV.2 M HNH AN NINH

H thng tng la 3 phn (Three- part Firewall System ) c bit quan trng trong thit k WAN, chng ti s trnh by trong chng 3. y ch nu mt kha cnh chung nht cu trc ca m hnh s dng trong thit k mng LAN

Hnh 15: M hnh tng la 3 phn LAN c lp lm vngm gia mng cng tc vi bn ngoi (LAN c lp c gi l khu phi qun s hay vng DMZ) Thit b nh tuyn trong c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng cng tc. Thit b nh tuyn ngoi c ci t b lc gi c t gia DMZ v mng ngoi. ****************************** ***** Trang 019 ***** **********

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THIT K MNG LAN CHO MT CNG TY TIN HC SINH VIN TH: BI ANH DNG K11 CDT

Chng II

THIT K MN VLAN
I: PHN TCH YU CU T RA

I.1 Mc ch la chn ti:

Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin ang pht trin nh v bo ny th cng ngy Nhu cu con ngi cng i hi cao hn na, T khi c my tnh ra i th n c th thay th dn con ngi nhng cng vic tnh ton thm ch c lm cng vic g na, v trong cuc sng con ngi chng ta cng c nhng nhu cu trao i thng tin, mua bn. Ngy trc kia th chng ta mua bn hng ho vt cht thng qua trao tay, nhng ngy nay th cng vic cn thc hin c trn c my tnh tu theo nhu cu ca ngi mua, c th mt ngi ni xa nhng vn c th mua c nhng mt hng m khng cn phi n tn ni mua. Mc ch m em chn ti ny l gip cho cc nhn vin trong cng ty hoc doanh nghip c th trao i thng tin, chia s thm d liu.. gip cho cng vic ca cc nhn vin thm thun tin v nng sut lao ng s t hiu qu rt cao v lm c iu ny th cc doanh nghip s rt c li cho vic c cu t chc cc phng ban, v hn na l s gim chi ph cho cc doanh nghip mt khon chi ph rt ln. Vic xy dng ti thit k mng LAN cho cng ty cng gip cho chng em rt nhiu cho cng vic sau ny: Cng c thm kin thc , kinh nghim thit k cc m hnh cch qun l, hn th na l thng qua ti ny n s cung cp cho chng em c thm ci nhn, c ng dng vo sau khi chng em hon thnh xong b m

I.2. Yu cu ti:
Do nhu cu trao i thng tin, chia s ti nguyn mng nn cng thc y nhanh qu trnh pht trin mng my tnh, Ngy nay trong cc phng ban ca cng ty no hu nh mng my tnh cng thm nhp vo. Nhm gp phn thm vo qu trnh pht trin ca nghng cng ngh thng tin ni chung cng nh gii quyt c nhu ****************************** ***** Trang 020 ***** **********

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cu trao i thng tin, ti nguyn trong mt cng ty, doanh nghip ni ring nn em la chn ti ny. Vic thit k mng LAN trong cng ty hoc cho doanh nghip em li cho doanh nghip c c s tit kim v kinh ph cho cc thit b nh : My in , chia s ti nguyn thng tin gia cc nhn vin gia cc phng ban. iu ny em li s thun tin cho cc nhn vin, y nhanh tc lm vic v tng hiu qu lm vic ca cng ty.

I.3 Kho st v tr lp t cc thit b trong vn phng cng ty:

Do cng ty c 3 tng : Tng mt : L ni giao dch vi khch hng v cng l ni trng by cc trang

thit b my mc. Phng ny c lp t : 5 my tnh c dng cho nhn vin ni giao dch cng khch hng cng nh tm kim trao i thm thng tin trn Internet Tng 2 : L phng bo tr h thng, phng gm 2 phng nh : 1phng ln + 1 phng l ni nhn bo tr cc thit b cho khch hng + 1 phng l ni kim tra bo tr cc li thng dng cho khch hng + 1 Phng ln l ni ci t my v thit b cho khch hng, cng l ni bo tr h thng cc li cho khch hng, giao nhn my cho khch hng. - Tng trn cng l tng dnh ring cho phng gim c, ph gim c, v phng hi ng qun tr cng ty.

I.4 iu kin thi cng v chng loi vt liu thi cng

Do cng ty c 3 tng nn h thng cp cng c t chc cao. Cp dng cho h
thng l loi cp UTP CAT5, do nhu cu truyn dn tn hiu tt v tnh thm m cho cng ty nn chng ta dng thm cc ng np dy cho gn gng v chng nhiu t gia cc dy vi nhau.

I.5 La chn gii php v m hnh thit k I.5.1 La chn h iu hnh mng

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Nhm qun l tt v tng cng h thng bo mt d liu cho cng ty th em la chn h iu hnh : WindowServer hoc Server 2003. Nu dng h iu hnh ny th ngoi nhng tnh nng ca Window XP c n cn c thm tnh nng bo mt v phn chia qun cho cc my con khc tt hn XP.

I.5.2 La chn kin trc mng

Cng ty l mt doanh nghip thuc loi va v nh nn em chn gii php l mng LAN dy dn v m hnh l Star. Ngha l c mt phng t cc thit b trung tm t dn dy n cc phng cn li. v y cng thuc loi m hnh Client / Server thng c dng trong cc donh nghip cng ty.

I.5.3 La chn gii php k thut (kh nng vn hnh, tnh tng thch, qun l.)
Vic thit k gii php sao cho tho mn v p ng c nhu cu khch hng khng phi l mt iu d dang cht no c. c t h thng mng, la chn gii php cho mt h thng mng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh sau: - Kinh ph dnh cho h thng mng chng ta xy dng, y l vn c t ln hng u ca nhng ai bt tay vo xy dng mng. - Cng ngh ph bin trn th trng hin nay, nh chng ta bit do nhu cu i hi ca ngi ng ngy cng cao p thay th dn con ngi, th h thng my mc v trang thit b cng ngy cng tnh t v c nhiu chc nng hn. V vy trong cuc sng hng ngy cng vy nu chng ta khng thng xuyn trao di kn thc v tm kim thng tin bo ch v cc linh kin thit b th chng ta s khng th no c nhng trang thit b tt v hp l cho cng ty c. Vy nn phi thng xuyn truy cp thng tin bo ch nhanh chng bt c nhng ti liu v nhng trang thit b mi ra.

II. THIT K S MNG

II.1 Thit k s mng tng vt l

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S i dy l mt trong nhng vn cn phi c xem xt khi thit k mt mng. Cc vn thit k mc ny lin quan n vic chn la cc loi cp c s dng s i dy cp phi tho mn cc rng buc v bng thng v khong cch a l ca mng. S mng hnh sao s dng cp xon i CAT 5 thng c dng hin nay. i vi cc mng nh th ch cn mt im tp trung ni kt cho tt c cc my tnh vi iu kin rng khong cch t my tnh n im tp trung ni l khng qu 100 mt. Thng thng trong mt to nh ngi ta chn ra mt phng c bit lp t cc thit b mng nh Hub, Switch, Router hay cc bng cm dy (Patch Panels Ngi ta gi phng ny l i Ni phn phi chnh MDF (Main distribution factity)

S vt l mng LAN cho cng ty

II.2 Thit k s mng mc logic

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n thc tp chuyn ngnh. Sinh Vin: Bi Anh Dng K11 CDT

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II.3 La chn thit b

Vic la chn thit b cho vic lp t h thng mng cng rt quan trong, vic kho st cng ty v nhu cu ca cng ty t ra th n o th vic la chn thit b cng nh hng n rt nhiu. Nhu cu cng ty t ra nh no h thng gm bao nhiu phng ban, my mc yu cu th no. T nhng vic trn chng ta mi cn c vo v a ra bng d tr v danh sch nhng loi thit b no chng ta nn dng v nhng thit b no chng ta c th nng cp thm. La chn thit b ch yu da vo nhu cu ca khch hng v kinh ph chi tr cho cc thit b.

II.4 Lp k hoch thc hin

Sau khi ln bng d tr thit b v cc danh sch cc loi thit b chng ta n n dng ri, th iu cng tht quan trng trong giai on ny l lp k hoch thc hin, trin khai lp t chnh thc. Cch sp xp b tr cng vic th n o cho hp l, va tt chi ph thp nht va em li hiu qu cao. V vic lp k hoch thc hin tt th trnh cho chng ta nh ng kh khn gp phi trong qu trnh thc hin: Nhng ny sinh ngoi d tnh v lp k hoch th chng ta c th kim tra c cng vic trin khai n u v cht lng th no.

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Chng III

CI T KIM TH VLAN
III.1 CI T H IU HNH CHO SERVER
Do vic qun l cc h thng my con c nhng iu rt phc tp: Vic phn quyn s dng ti nguyn, chia s d liu, v qun l tp trung i hi phi c nhng phn mm qun l v mt trong nhng phn mm lm c iu ny l H iu hnh(phn mm h thng). H iu hnh thng dng cho Server l cc h iu hnh: Server 2003 , Window 2000 v hn na l loi Server 2008.

III.2 CI T CC DCH V MNG V CC GIAO THC

III.2.1. CI T DCH V DHCP III.2.2.1 Khi nim DHCP c vit tt bi cm t Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (Giao thc cu hnh a ch IP ng) l phn m rng ca BootProtocol DHCP c nhim v l cp pht a ch IP ng cho cc Client. DHCP lm theo m hnh Client/ Serve, qu trnh tng tc gia Client v Server din ra nh sau: + Khi my Client khi ng n s t ng gi mt gi tin yu cu n my Server trong gi tin c km theo a chi MAC ca my Client. + My Server trn mng nhn c yu cu lin cp mt a ch IP ng cho my Client trong khong thi gian nht nh ng thi cng km theo mt SubnetMask v a ch IP ca Server. + Sau Client s gi thng ip chp nhn IP li cho Server v my Server s lc ra nhng IP no cha cp v cp cho cc Client tip theo.

III.2.2.2 Ci t dch v DHCP

Ci t dich v DHCP cho my phc v:
1. Ci t

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Cc my khch s nhn a ch IP mt cch t ng t dch v cp pht a ch IP ng DHCP. Dch v ny c ci t trn my ch nh sau:

+ Bc 1: start settingcontrol pannel. Double click vo add/remove program chn tab add/remove windows components v i trong giy lt mt bng danh sch xut hin.

+ Bc 2: Hp thoi NETWORK SERVER xut hin. a hp sng n mc Network Server v nhn nt Detail lm xut hin ca s Network Server.

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+ Bc 3: Trong ca s Network Server nh du chn mc Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) v nhn OK.

+ Bc 4: Tr li hp thoi Network Server chn Next tip tc.

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+ Bc 5: Windows s cu hnh v ci t cc thnh phn ca dch v DHC. Trong qu trnh ci t Windows i hi phi Insert a CD Windows Server 2003.

+ Bc 6: n khi hp thoi Completing the Windows Components Wizard, chn Finish hon tt.

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2. Cu hnh DHCP + Bc 1: T menu Start/ Administrator tool / DHCP. Ca s DHCP xut hin.

+ Bc 2: Trong ca s DHCP. Chn menu Action / New Scope

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+ Bc 3: Hp thoi New Scope Wizard xut hin chn Next tip tc.

+ Bc 4: Hp thoi Scope Name xut hi, nhp tn v ch thch cho Scope sau chn Next.

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+ Bc 5: Hp thoi IP Address Range xut hin. Nhp a ch bt u v a ch kt thc cho dy a ch cp pht, ng thi nhp a ch Sup netMask ri chn Next sang bc tip theo..

+ Bc 6: Hp thoi Add Exculusions dng xc nh dy a ch cn loi b ra khi danh sch a ch cp pht ca bc 5.

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+ Bc 7: Trong hp thoi Lease Duration, cho bit thi gian m cc my Client c th s dng cc a ch IP ny. Mc nh thi y l 8 ngy. Chn Next tio tc.

+ Bc 8: Hp thoi Configure DHCP Option xut hin. Ta c th chn Yes, I want to configure these option now ( thit lp them cc cu hnh tu chn khc), hoc chn No, will configure these options later ( hon tt vic cu hnh cho scope ). Chn No, I will configure these options later, nhn Next tip tc. ****************************** ***** Trang 034 ***** **********

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+ Bc 9: Trong hp thoi Activate scope hi ta c mun kch hot Scope ny khng. V Scope ch c th cp pht a ch khi c kch hot, chn Yes, I want to activate this scope now. Nhn Next tip tc.

+ Bc 10: Hp thoi Completing the New Scope Wizard thng bo vic thit lp cu hnh cho Scope hon tt, nhn Finish kt thc.

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III.2.3 To nhm ngi s dng III.2.4 Thit lp ti khon ngi dng

* Ci t Domain Controller trn Windows Server 2003
+ Bc 1: T menu Start Run nhp vo hp thoi l DCPROMO ri nhn OK

Hnh 1 + Bc 2: Hp thoi Active Directory install Wizad xut hin, chn Next chuyn
n hp thoi tip theo.

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Hnh 2 + Bc 3: Trong hp thoi Domain Controller Type, chn Domain Controller for a new domain to domain mi. Nu mun thm domain khc c th ta chn Additon domain controller for an existing domain.

Hnh 3: Ta chn Domain controller for a new domain ri nhn Next. Bc 4: Create New domain: Domain in a new forest : To mt min mi trong rng mi Child Domain in an existing Domain tree: To mt min con trong cy c.

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Hnh 4: Domain tree in existing forest : To mt cy mi trong rng mi. Ta chn Domain in a new forest nhn Next chuyn sang bc tip theo. Bc 5: Hp thoi New Domain Name, t tn ca domain trong trng Full DNS name for new domain v chn Next . Bc 6: Hp thoi NextBios Domain Name. Mc nh l trng vi tn Domain, tip tc chn Next

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Bc 7: Hp thoi Database end Log Folders, cho php ch nh v tr lu tr Database v cc tp tin Log. Chn v tr cn lu bng cch nhn nt Browse.., Nhn Next tip tc..

Hnh 6: Bc 8: Hp thoi Share System Volume ch nh v tr th mc SYSVOL (th mc ny phi nm trn Parition c nh dng l NTFS). nu mun thay i th nhn Nt Browse.. , Nhn Next tip tc.

Hnh 7: Bc 9: Hp thoi Configure DNS chn YES, I will config the DNS Client (Nu mun cu hn cho DNS ), No Just install and configure DNS on this computer (N u mun cu hnh DNS sau ny ). Ta chn NO, Just install and Computer configure DNS on this computer, sau nhn Next tip tc vic ci t. ****************************** ***** Trang 039 ***** **********

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Hnh 8: Bc 10: Hp thoi Permission. Permisssion compatible with pre- Windows 2000 Server opertion system: Nu h thng l cc phin bn trc 2000 Server. Permission compatible only with Windows Server 2000 or Windows Server 2003 Operating system: Nu h thng l Windows Server 2000 hay Server 2003 trng hp ny ta chn permission compatible only with Windows 2000 hay Windows 2003 Operating syste, Nhn Next tip tc.

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Bc 11: Hp thoi Directory Services Restore Mode Administrator PassWord:

Hnh 10: Xc nh mt khu dng trong trng hp vo ch Directory Services Restore Mode. Nhn Next tip tc. Bc 12: Hp thoi Sumary. Hp thoi ny hin th cc thng tin chn cc bc trc. Nhn Next tip tc.

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Bc 13: Hp thoi Active Directory Install Wizad. Qu trnh ci t c thc hin.

Hnh 12: Bc 14: Hp thoi Completing the Active Directory Installtion Wizad xut hin khi qu trnh ci t hon tt. Nhn Finish.

Hnh 13:

II.2.5. Lp t my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi vo h thng: II.2.6. Chia s ti nguyn my con

Trong cng ty th nhu cu chia s ti nguyn h thng v dng chung cc thit b ngoi vi ng vai tr rt quan trng, n va thun tin cho cc nhn vin trong cng vic, ngoi vic dng chung cc thit b v ti nguyn h thng cng gip cho cng ty c th gim bt chi ph cho cc vic lp t thm cc thit b.

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Trong m hnh cng ty nay th do lp t m hnh mng Client/ Server nn c mt h thng my ch s qun l tt c cc ti nguyn h thng v chu trch nhim phn chia quyn s dng ti nguyn h thng cho cc my con. Mi my con sau khi c h thng my ch phn quyn s dng ti nguyn th c : Username v Passwword ng nhp h thng, vic phn quyn ny gip tng thm tnh nng bo mt cho h thng c s d liu cho cng ty hn. Ngoi ra vic phn chia quyn s dng thng tin h thng s gip ngi qun tr h thng c th qun ngi s dng d dng hn nhiu..

II.2.6. Kim qua s kt ni v vn hnh gi tin qua cc Switch

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KT LUN TI
I. NH GI CHUNG 1.V mt l thuyt : + Nu tng quan c nhng yu cu ca ti a ra + Trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny v mt l thuyt cng nh ci t, th em c c s hng dn ch bo thm cho em v cung cp phn no cho em thm ti liu tham kho. em c th hon thnh n ny.. 2. V mt ng dng vic m rng h thng mng sau ny : Do tu thuc vo nhu cu mun m rng mng ca cng ty sau ny, nu cng ty mun m rng h thng ra thm th . II. HNG PHT TRIN, M RNG CA TI II.1. nh hng nghin cu: II.2. nh hng pht trin ng dng:

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LI KT
Vic la chn ti thit k mng LAN cho cng ty l mt ti mang tnh ph dng,. Ngy nay hu ht cc cng ty trin khai lp t h thng mng, Thit k mng cho cng ty l mt ti mng tnh cht thc t mt phn n cng c cho chng em v kin thc mng my tnh , Phn na thng qua ti ny n cung cp cho chng em thm kin thc v xy dng m hnh - thit k trin khai c mt h thng mng vn phng ra sao. Cch i dy dn, cch kt ni cc thit b trung tm, la chn m hnh mng cho ph hp vi phng lm vic.. Ngoi ra trong qu trnh em xy d ng v hon thnh c n ny, khng th thiu c s hng dn ch dy ca cc thy c b mn trong khoa CNTT. V c bit l thy Nguyn Minh Nht l ngi trc tip hng dn ch dy cho em em c th hon thnh tt c n nh ngy hm nay. Nhng u im ca n: Trong n ny em c th thit k - xy dng c mt h thng mng cho cng ty va v nh, Cch kt ni cc thit b trung tm, cch i dy. V hn th na l n c th gip em lp c bng d tr v thit b cng nh kinh ph cn thit cho vic xy dng c mt h thng mng Nhng hn ch ca ti ny: Trong n ny tuy thi gian t khi nhn ti cho n khi hon thnh c nhiu nhng em vn cha th hon thnh ti c nh mun.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

Trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny:
SCH MNG MY TNH CN BN , QUN TR MNG MY TNH ,

Ti liu tham kho thm

GIO TRNH THIT K MNG (I HC CN TH), GIO TRNH THIT K MNG (VIN CNG NGH THNG TIN)

Ngoi ra em cn tm thm ti liu trn Internet v cc sch ca thy c trong khoa hon thnh.

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