I.

H tin Amstrong
Bi Tp 1: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, C, D, E, F, G ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F ={ AB, D F, BF E, EF G, A C, BC D } Chng minh: AF G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 2: Cho lc quan h R ( A, B, E, I, G, H ) v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F = { AB E, AG I, E G, GI H } Chng minh: AB GH c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 3: Cho lc quan h R (A, B, C, D, E, G, H} v tp ph thuc hm F xc nh trn R: F={ AB C, B D, DC GH, HC E } Chng minh: BC G v AB E c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 4: Cho lc quan h: Q(ABCDEGH) vi F= { AB C, B D, CD E, CE GH, G A } Chng minh: AB E v AB G c suy dn logic t F da vo h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 5: Cho ph thuc hm F= { A B, BC D, AB E, CE G}. Dng lut suy din Armstrong chng minh: AC DG, AC E thuc F. Bi Tp 6: Cho G={ AB C, B DE, CD EK, CE GH, G AC}. Chng minh: AB EG bng lut tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 7: Cho lc quan h R (A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I,J) v tp cc ph thuc hm:

F = {AB E, AG J, BE I, E G, GI H }. Tm chui suy din AB GH bng h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 8: Cho R = { A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I} F= { A B, BH I, B D , D BE}. Chng minh: A E. Bi Tp 9: Cho lc quan h p= (U,F) vi U= ABCDEGH, F= { B AC, HD E, ACBE, E H, A D, G E}. Kim tra tnh ng n ca cc suy din ca h tin Armstrong: F|= CG EH. Bi Tp 10: Cho lc quan h LQH) P= (U,F), trong U= ABCDE, F= { A B, B E, D CE). Chng minh: AD BE bng lut suy dn Armstrong. Bi Tp 11: Cho R = { A, B, C, D, E, G } v F= { AB C , D EG , BE C , BC D , CG BD, CE AG}. Chng minh: AB CG da vo tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 12: Cho F={AB, CD} vi C B, hy chng minh AD suy dn c t F. Bi Tp 13: Cho lc quan h R(ABCD) v F={AB, BCD} hy cho bit cc ph thuc hm no di y c th suy dn c t F: a. ACD b. BD c. ADB Bi Tp 14: F={XYW, YZ, WZP, WPQR } Chng minh rng XYP suy dn c t F.

Bi Tp 15: Cho lc quan h (=(U, F) vi U=ABCDEGHIJ v tp ph thc hm F={AB E, AGJ, BEI, EG, GI H} f=ABGH, Chng minh rng f suy dn c t F Bi Tp 16: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE} v mt ph thuc hm f = ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f c th dn c t tp F theo cc lut ca h tin Armstrong. Bi Tp 17: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { AE BEG , CEH BD , DG BCD, ABC DE} v mt ph thuc hm f = ACE DEG. Hy ch ra rng f dn c t tp F bng vic ng dng cc lut ca h tin Armstrong.

II. Bao ng ph thuc hm

Bi tp 1: Cho lc quan h R = (U, F) U= {A,B,C,D,E,G,H} F= {ABC, DEG, ACDB, CA, BEC, CEAG, BCD, CGBD, GH} a) Tnh (D)+ p n : (D)+ = DEGH b) Tnh (DE)+ p n : (DE)+ = DEGH c) Tnh (BE)+ p n : (BE)+ = ABCDEGH

d) Tnh (CG)+ p n : (CG)+ = ABCDEGH Bi tp 2: Cho lc quan h R = (U, F) U = {A,B,C,D,E,G} F = {CG, BG CD, AEG BC, CG AE, B CG } a) Tnh C+ p n : (C)+ = ABCDEG b) Tnh (B)+ p n : (B)+ = ABCDEG c) Tnh (AEG)+ p n : (AEG)+ = ABCDEG Bi Tp 3: Cho R(A, B, C, D, E, G, H) v F = {AD, AB DE, CE G, E H}. Tnh (AB)+ p n : (AB)+=ABDEH Bi Tp 4 : Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi: U = ABCDEGH F={ BC ADE, AC BDG, BE ABC, CD BDH, BCH ACG} a) (BD)+ p n : (BD)+={BD} b) (ABE)+ p n : (ABE)+={ABECDEGH} c) (CDG)+ p n : (CDG)+={CDGBHAE} Bi Tp 5 : Cho =(U,F); U=ABCDEGH F={ ABBCD, EBGH, ACD BG, DAEH}

Hy tnh X+ trong cc trng hp a) (AC)+ p n : (AC)+={AC} b) (CD)+ p n : (CD)+={CDAEHBG} c) (ABG)+ p n : (ABG)+={ABGCDEH}

III. Tm ph ti thiu
Bi Tp 1: Cho tp quan h R = (A,B,C,D,E,G) v F = { AC -> B, B -> ACD, ABC -> D, ACE > BC, CD -> AE }. Tm ph ti thiu ca R. p n : {ACB,BC,BD,CDA,CDE}

Bi Tp 2: Cho R(A,B,C,D,E,I) v F = {AC, AB C, C DI, CD I, EC AB, EI C} Tm ph ti thiu ca R. p n : {AC,CI,CD,ECA,ECB,EIC}

Bi Tp 3: Cho R(A,B,C,D,E,G,H) v F= {ACB,CB,ABDEGH,AE,AD} Tm ph ti thiu ca R. p n : {CB,ABG,ABH,AE,AD}

Bi Tp 4: Cho R(A,B,C,D,E) v F={AB,BC,AC,BDE,AE,AD} Tm ph ti thiu ca R. p n : AB,BC,BD,BE Bi Tp 5: Cho U(ABCDEGH) v F={ABC,BEG,ED,DG,AB,AGBC} Tm ph ti thiu ca U. p n : {AB,AC,DG,ED}

Bi Tp 6: Tm ph ti thiu ca tp ph thuc hm T sau y: T={ABHCK,AD,CE,BGHF,FAD,EF,BHE} p n : {BHC,BHK,AD,FA,EF,BHE}

Bi Tp 7: ChoR(ABCDEGHIJ) F={ABDE,DEG,HJ,JHI,EDG,BCGH,HGJ,EG} Tm ph ti thiu ca G. p n : {AB,BCH,AE,BCG,HJ,JH,JI,ED,EG}

Bi Tp 8: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi

U = ABCDEGH F={ BC ADE, AC BDG, BE AC, CD BH, BH ACG} Tm ph ti thiu ca U. p n : {BCE,ACD,BEA,BEC,CDB,CDH,BHC,BHG} Bi Tp 9: Cho lc quan h =(U,F) vi U=ABCDEGH F={ ABCD, EBGH, ACD BG, DAEH} Tm ph ti thiu ca U. p n : {ABCD,EBGH,DAE} Bi Tp 10: Cho lc quan h =(Q,F) vi : Q(A,B,C,D,E,G) F={ABC;CA;BCD;ACDB;DEG;BEC;CGBD;CEAG} p n :{ABC,CA,BCD,DEG,BEC,CGB,CEG}

IV. Kha
Bi Tp 1: Cho lc quan h: =(U,F) V i U=ABCDEGH F={AB CDE, AC BCG, BDG, ACHHE, CG BDE } v K = ACGH Hi rng K c l kho ca lc hay khng? p n : K khng phi l kha. Bi Tp 2: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDEGHK

F={ ADHBC, GHBE, DCG, CHK}. Tm kha ? p n : ADH Bi Tp 3: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDGH F={ ABC, ABD, ABGH, HB}. Tm kha ? p n : AB,AH Bi Tp 4: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCD F={ ABC, ABD, DB, CABD}. Tm kha ? p n : C,AB,AD Bi Tp 5: Cho lc quan h = (U, F) vi U=ABCDEGH, F={ ABCADH, ABGAEH, AEDG} Hy tm tt c cc kho ca lc . p n : ABCE,ABCG Bi Tp 6: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDE , F={ DEA, BC, EAD}

a) b) c) d)

Tm cc kho ca lc ? p n :BE Tp BCE c phi l kho ca khng? v sao ? Khng Tp AD c phi l kho ca khng? v sao ? Khng Tp BD c phi l kho ca khng? v sao ? Khng

Bi Tp 7 : Xc nh kho cu cc lc quan h =(U, F) vi a) U=ABCEDH v F={ABC, CDE, AHB, BD, AD} p n : AH b) U=ABCDMNPQ F={AMNB, BNCM, AP, DM, PCA, DQA} p n :DQ c) U=ABCDEGHIJ F={AJ, AEH, HE, DEH, AI, ABC, CBD, JE} p n : ABG Bi Tp 8: Cho lc quan h = (U,F) vi U = ABCDEGHIK v F = { AEK BEH , EH BD , DG BCD, ABCE DE} a. Tp DEGH c phi l kho ca lc cho hay khng ? b. Hy tm mt kho ca lc trn. c. Hy tm tt c cc thuc tnh khng tham gia vo bt kz mt kho no.

Bi Tp 9: Cho lc = (U, F) c U = ABCDE v F = { A BD, AC B, D AB, CD BE, BE A }

a. Hi rng tp ACD c l kho ca lc hay khng b. Lc c mt hay nhiu kho , tm cc kha? Bi Tp 10: Cho lc quan h = (U, F) vi U = ABCDEGH v F = { AB CDE , BD CGE , DG ACE, AD CDEH, BCG AEH } Lc cho c mt hay nhiu kho,tm cc kha ?

V. Dng chun v chun ha CSDL

Bi tp 1: Dng k thut bng kim tra php tch sau c mt thng tin khng a) =(U, F) vi U=ABCD, F={AB, ACD}, ={AB, ACD} b) =(U, F) vi U=ABCDE, F={AC, BC, CD, DEC, CEA}, ={AD, AB, BE, CDE} c) Xc nh v gii thch dng chun cao nht ca lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCD, F={AC, DB, CABD}

Bi tp 2: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCDEGH F={CDH, EB, DG, BHE, CHDG, CA } Hi rng php tch =(ABCDE, BCH, CDEGH) c kt ni mt thng tin khng.

Bi tp 3: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCD, F={DB, CA, BACD } Xc nh dng chun cao nht ca lc quan h trn

Bi tp 4: Cho lc quan h =(U, F) vi U=ABCD, F={CDB, AC, BACD } Xc nh dng chun cao nht ca lc quan h trn

Bi tp 5: Cho =(u, F) vi U=ABCDE v F={AC, BC, AD, DEC, CEA} kim tra tnh kt ni khng mt thng tin i vi php tch ={AD, AB, BE, CDE, AE }

Bi tp 6: Cho =(u, F) vi

U=ABCDEF v F={ABC, CB, ABDE, FA} kim tra tnh kt ni khng mt thng tin i vi php tch ={BC, AC, ABDE, ABDF }

Bi tp 7: Cho =(u, F) vi U=ABCDEG F={DG, CA, CDE, AB} kim tra tnh kt ni khng mt thng tin i vi php tch ={DG, AC, SCE, AB }

Bi tp 8: Cho =(u, F) vi U=ABCDE v F={AC, BC, CD, DEC, CEA} kim tra tnh kt ni khng mt thng tin i vi php tch ={AC, CD, BE, BC, AE}

Bi tp 9: Cho (=(U, F) vi

U=XYZW v tp F={YW, WY, XYZ} Dng chun cao nht ca lc l g?

Bi tp 10: Cho (=(U, F) vi U=ABCDEG v tp ph thuc hm F={ ABC, ACE, EGD, ABG } ={DEG, ABDEG } Php tch trn c mt thng tin khng? Hy chng minh mi quan h ch c 2 thuc tnh dng chun BCNF?

Bi tp 11: Xt quan h R(ABCDE) v tp ph thuc hm F={ ABCE, EAB, CD } Hy tm dng chun cao nht ca lc ?

Bi tp 12: Xt quan h R(ABCDEG) v tp ph thuc hm F={ AB, CDG , ACE, DG } - Hy tm kho ca lc

- Hy tm dng chun cao nht ca lc

Bi tp 13: Xt quan h R(ABCD) v tp ph thuc hm F={ ABD, ACBD, BC } Hy tm dng chun cao nht ca lc

Bi tp 14: Cho =(u, F) vi U=ABCDEF F={ABC, CB, ABDE, FA} Lc c dng BCNF khng ?