GlobalcoolingattheEoceneOligocene transition theworldturnedcold theworldturnedcold transition

Hello!, SorryIamextinct

EnvironmentalGeosciences,classpresentation IOR Prof.Dr.AndreaKoschinsky Fritsche IOR Koschinsky

PresentedbyKedarGhimire, May8th,2007
TitleImage:Moeritherium

Source:http://www.williamsclass.com/images/GifImages/GeologicTime205K.gif

Eoceneepoch
Timeline(55.80.233.90.1Ma)whenearth
wasfreeoflargecontinentalicesheets InGreek,(eos,dawn)and(kainos,new).
referstothe"dawn"ofmodern('new')mammalianfauna,appearedduringtheepoch

CLIMATE
ExtremeglobalwarmingtermedPaleoceneEoceneThermal MaximumorInitialEoceneThermalMaximum(PETMorIETM) Deepoceancurrentsextremelywarm.Temperateforests extendtothepolesMosthomogeneousglobalclimate. GrandCoupure theendofEocene,causescouldbedueto climatechangewithpolarglaciations,bolideimpact

MiddleEocene,Scotese,C.R.,1997.PaleogeographicAtlas,PALEOMAPProgressReport900497,DepartmentofGeology,UniversityofTexasatArlington,Arlington,Texas, 37pp

Oligoceneepoch

34millionto23millionyearsago comesfromtheGreek(oligos,few)&(kainos,new) thesparsityofadditionalmodernmammalianfaunasafter aburstofevolutionduringtheEocene increaseofvolcanicactivityandtheplatetectonicmovement Thestartofgeneralcooling,glaciersforminginAntarcticafor firsttime,fallinsealevel,tropicsdiminished,icecoveredthe southpolebutnotnorthpole Coolingtrendcontinued,culminatedintoiceageofPleistocene finally. followedbyMiocene,thenPliocene,pleistoceneandthen Holocene

http://www.utexas.edu/opa/news/03newsreleases/nr_200312/nr_anthropology031203.html

Eocene OligoceneTransition Eocene

"greenhouse"climatesoftheEocenewerereplacedbythe"icehou se" "greenhouse"climatesoftheEocenewerereplacedbythe"icehou
conditionsthatpersisttoday. AnalysisofSedimentaryrocks.Majorextinctionsforgastropods, amphibiansandreptiles,littlechangetomammals

Causes

Dupont Nivetetal.andZanazzietal.implicateittothedeclining Dupont

levelsofatmosphericCO 2. CO OceancirculationhypothesisbyShackletonandKennett.During Paleocene,AustraliaandAntarcticawerejoined.IntheearlyEo cene Paleocene,AustraliaandAntarcticawerejoined.IntheearlyEo (t=~55m.y .ago),AustraliabegantodriftnorthwardfromAntarctica. m.y relativelywarmandthecontinentlargelynonglaciated .Bythelate nonglaciated Eocene(t=~39m.y .ago)ashallowwaterconnectionhaddeveloped m.y betweenthesouthernIndianandPacificoceansandalsoprobably theDrakepassage.SubstantialAntarcticseaicebegantoform. theDrakepassage.SubstantialAntarcticseaicebegantoform.

DuringtheEocene(t=55to38m.y .ago)theSouthernOceanwas m.y

Eocene OligoceneTransition Eocene

Antarcticglaciationsustainedby Antarctic
circumpolarcurrent . circumpolarcurrent Thermohalineoceaniccirculationwas initiated.(theglobaldensity driven initiated.(theglobaldensity circulationoftheoceans). HOWEVER,computermodelssuggest somethingelse. somethingelse.

Eocene OligoceneTransition Eocene

DupontNivetetal.(2007)appliedprecisiondating
techniquestodemonstratethatclimaticchangeincentral asiaoccurredatthesametimeastheearlyoligocene glaciationofantarctica. Zanazzietal.(2007),using18O/16Omeasurementsin toothenamelfrommammalfossilshaveprovided evidenceofdecreaseinAATof8C Theymeasuredrelativeabundanceofoxygenisotopesin ancientminerals.Dependsuponthe18O/16Oofwater fromwhichmineralisderivedandthetemperatureatthe timeofformation. used18O/16Omeasurementsoftoothenamelfrom mammalfossilsestimated18O/16Oofbodywater.No temperaturedependencetotheseisotopecompositions

Eocene OligoceneTransition Eocene

FindingsofZanazziet.al Zanazziet.al.methodslagthedeterminedageofeocene oligocene eocene
transitiontimeperiodbyapprox.400Kyrcomparedtomarinemethods Theymadesurethatalltaxaexperimentedwerewater dependent. experimentedwerewater Noresolvablechangeseeninmeanenamel 18 O,suggeststhatwater 18 compositionremainedunchanged. Statisticalvariance( var )forEocenevs.Oligoceneteeth Statisticalvariance( var indistinguishable,suggestsnomajorchangeinMARTacrossthe transitionorapossiblysmallincrease. ShowsdecreaseinMATof8 C,farlargerthanfoundinmarinerecords ShowsdecreaseinMATof8 C,farlargerthanfoundinmarinerecords 2 3 C 2 3 MAT(Eocene)=21.0 10.1 CMAT(Oligocene)=13.1 9.5 C MAT(Eocene)=21.0 10.1 CMAT(Oligocene)=13.1 9.5 MAT(EOT)= 8.2 3.1 C 8.2 3.1 ResultssaythatdecreaseinMATratherthananincreaseinseas onality ResultssaythatdecreaseinMATratherthananincreaseinseas oraridityistheprimarycauseoftheextinctionsofgastropods , oraridityistheprimarycauseoftheextinctionsofgastropods amphibiansandreptilesassociatedwiththeEOT. amphibiansandreptilesassociatedwiththeEOT.

Discussionandconclusion
Asiandryingandearlyoligoceneclimatechange
arelinked. Onethingtobetested:whethertheregional tectoniceventscausedboththeobserved aridificationandclimaticchangeinAntarctica. Himalayanupliftcouldhavecausedarain shadow,simultaneouslytriggeringaglobal reductionofCO 2. reductionofCO Theeocene oligoscenetransitionwasaturning eocene pointforwholeofearthandnotonlyantarctica . antarctica .

Thankyouforyourkindattention!

Reference:
JPKennettJournalofGeophysicalResearch,1977 Zanazzi ,A.,Kohn,M.J.,MacFadden ,B.J.&Terry,D.O.JrNature Zanazzi MacFadden
445,639 642(2007) 445,639 DeConto ,R.M.&Pollard,D.Nature421,245 249(2003) DeConto ,R.M.&Pollard,D.Nature421,245 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v445/n7128/full/445607a.htm l http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v445/n7128/full/445607a.htm http://www.3dvalley.com/gallery/d/3275 2/moeritherium4.jpg http://www.3dvalley.com/gallery/d/3275 http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocene http:// http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/oligoc e http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/faq/gt/cenozoic/oligoc ne.htm http:// www.palaeos.com/Cenozoic/Oligocene/Oligocene.htm http:// http://scotese.com/oligocen.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki

KedarGhimire KedarGhimire