KTDDT03

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009
89
BI GING K THUT IN IN T CHNG 3

CHNG 03
MCHIN3PHA

3.1. TNG QUAN V NGUN AP 3 PHA CN BNG:
3.1.1 NH NGHA:
Ngun p 3 pha cn bng (hay ngun p 3 pha i xng) l tp hp bao gm 3 ngun
p xoay chiu hnh sin: cng bin ; cng tn s; lch pha thi gian tng i 120.

3.1.2 PHN LOI:
Ty thuc vo trng thi lch pha thi gian gia cc ngun p trong h thng, chng ta c:

Ngun p 3 pha th t thun.
Ngun p 3 pha th t nghch.
Xt ngun p 3 pha sau y:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
a
o
b
o
c
v t V. .sin t
v t V. .sin t
v t V. .sin t
= e
= e
= e
2
2 120
2 240
(3.1)

Cc ngun p xoay chiu: v
a
; v
b
; v
c
theo th t ln
lt chm pha thi gian 120
o
. c nh ngha l ngun p
3 pha th t thun. Ngun p 3 pha th t thun c biu
din theo dng phc nh y:
o
a
o
b
o
c
V V
V V
V V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
0
120
240
(3.2)

Cc vector phase biu din ngun p 3 pha th t thun c trnh by trong hnh 3.1.

Tng t, ngun p 3 pha th t nghch gm cc ngun p xoay chiu: v
a
; v
b
; v
c
theo
th t ln lt nhanh pha thi gian 120
o
. Ngun p 3 pha th t nghch c biu thc tc thi
v p phc biu din nh sau:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
a
o
b
o
c
v t V. .sin t
v t V. .sin t
v t V. .sin t
= e
= e +
= e +
2
2 120
2 240
(3.3)

o
a
o
b
o
c
V V
V V
V V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
0
120
240
(3.4)

o
120
o
120
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-

HNH 3.1: Cc vector phase biu
din ngun p 3 pha th t thun
o
120
o
120
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-

HNH 3.2: Cc vector phase biu
din ngun p 3 pha th t nghch


90

3.1.3. CC PHNG PHP U NGUN P 3 PHA CN BNG :
Khi vn hnh, ngun p 3 pha cn bng c u theo s Y hay s A.

3.1.3.1.NGUN P 3 PHA U Y:
Mun thc hin s u Y, ta cn to im ni chung cho c 3 ngun p. im
chung ca 3 ngun p c gi l trung tnh ngun .
im chung ny l giao im ca 3
u ca 3 ngun p cng du.

Trong hnh 3.3, trnh by cc s biu
din s Y; cc u ngun a, b, c c cung
cp n ti 3 pha v n l im trung tnh ngun.
Ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y c 6
gi tr in p c phn thnh hai nhm:

in p pha: l in p xc nh gia mi
u a,b hay c n trung tnh n.

in p dy l in p xc nh gia 2
trong 3 u a,b, c.

TRNG HP NGUN 3 PHA TH T THUN:

Cc p pha chnh l p ca cc ngun p
trong s Y, ta c :
o
an a
o
bn b
o
cn c
V V V
V V V
V V V
- -
- -
- -
= = Z
= = Z
= = Z
0
120
240
(3.5)

Cc thnh phn p dy gm:
ab bc ca
V ; V ; V
- - -
.
Theo qui c p phc dng 2 ch s; ta c cc
nh ngha nh sau::
ab an nb
V V V
- - -
= +
ab an bn
V V V
- - -
= (3.6)
Tng t
bc bn cn
ca cn an
V V V
V V V
- - -
- - -
=
=
(3.7)

p dy c xc nh theo mt trong hai phng
php: gin vector phase hay s phc.Khi dng gin
vector chng ta c kt qu trnh by trong hnh 3.4.
Gin vector ny c th c biu din theo phng
php khc trnh by trong hnh 3.5.

Trong trng hp p dng s phc xc nh in
p dy theo cc in p pha cho trc, ta c phng
php tnh c trnh by nh sau.

a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
+
+
+
-
- -
a
b
c
n
-
-
-
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
a
b
c
n

HNH 3.3: cc phng php biu din s Y
cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng.
o
120
o
120
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
bn
V
-
ab an bn
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
cn
V
-
bc bn cn
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
an
V
-
ca cn an
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .

HNH 3.4: gin vector phase ca p dy v p pha
ca ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y.
o
120
o
120
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
ca
V
-

HNH 3.5: gin vector phase ca
p dy v p pha ngun p 3 pha u Y


91

Suy ra:
( ) ( )
o o
ab an bn
o
ab
o
ab
V V V V V
V V V. cos j.sin
V V. . j. V.
- - -
-
-
= = Z Z
(
=
(

( | |
( | = + = Z
|
(
\ .
0
0 120
120 120
3 1
3 3 30
2 2

Tnh tng t ta suy ra :
o
bc
V V.
-
= Z 3 90 v
o
ca
V V.
-
= Z 3 210

Tm li, cc p dy phc ca ngun 3 pha th t thun u Y c dng nh sau:

o
ab
o
bc
o
ca
V V.
V V.
V V.
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
3 30
3 90
3 210
(3.8)

Tm li vi ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t THUN:
Bin ca in p dy gp 3 ln bin ca in p pha hay gi tr hiu dng ca
in p dy gp 3 ln gi tr hiu dng ca in p pha.

Khi so snh gc lch pha gia in p pha v in p dy (c ch s m u ging nhau),
in p dy sm pha hn in p pha 30 .

TRNG HP NGUN 3 PHA TH T NGHCH:

Cc p pha chnh l p ca cc
ngun p trong s Y, ta c :
o
an a
o
bn b
o
cn c
V V V
V V V
V V V
- -
- -
- -
= = Z
= = Z
= = Z
0
120
240
(3.9)

Cc thnh phn p dy gm:
ab bc ca
V ; V ; V
- - -
c nh ngha theo cc
quan h (3.6) v (3.7) nh trn

p dy c xc nh theo gin
vector phase trnh by trong hnh 3.6.
Gin vector ny c th c biu din
theo phng php khc trnh by trong
hnh 3.7.

Khi p dng s phc xc nh in
p dy theo cc in p pha cho trc, ta c kt qu tnh ton nh sau.

o
120
o
120
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
bn
V
-
ab an bn
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
cn
V
-
bc bn cn
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
an
V
-
ca cn an
V V V
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .

HNH 3.6: gin vector phase ca p dy v p pha
ca ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y.


92

Suy ra:
( ) ( )
o o
ab an
bn
o
ab
o
ab
V V V V V
V V V. cos j.sin
V V. . j. V.
- - -
-
-
= = Z Z
(
= +
(

( | |
( | = = Z
|
(
\ .
0
0 120
120 120
3 1
3 3 30
2 2

Tnh tng t ta suy ra :
o
bc
V V.
-
= Z 3 90 v
o
ca
V V.
-
= Z 3 210 . Tm li, cc p dy phc ca ngun 3
pha th t nghc u Y c dng nh sau:

o
ab
o
bc
o
ca
V V.
V V.
V V.
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
3 30
3 90
3 210
(3.10)

Tm li vi ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t THUN:
Bin ca in p dy gp 3 ln bin ca in p pha hay gi tr hiu dng ca
in p dy gp 3 ln gi tr hiu dng ca in p pha.

Khi so snh gc lch pha gia in p pha v in p dy (c ch s m u ging nhau),
in p dy chm pha hn in p pha 30 .

3.1.3.2.NGUN P 3 PHA U A:

Mun thc hin phng php
u dng A, cn dng cc nh ca s
A; nh ca s A l giao im
ca hai u khng cng du ca 2
trong 3 ngun p 3 pha.

S m t cc phng php
u ngun p 3 pha theo s A
c trnh by trong hnh 3.8.

Trong s A, ngun p ch c
duy nht in p dy. Trong trng
hp ny p dy ca ngun chnh l cc
in p ca mi ngun p xoay chiu
hnh thnh s A. Gi s ba ngun p to thnh s A l th t thun, ta suy ra cc p dy
cp n ti l:
o
a ab
o
b bc
o
c ca
V V V
V V V
V V V
- -
- -
- -
= = Z
= = Z
= = Z
0
120
240
(3.11)
o
120
o
120
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
ca
V
-

HNH 3.7: gin vector phase ca
p dy v p pha ngun p 3 pha u Y
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
ca
V
-
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
ca
V
-
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-

HNH 3.8: cc phng php biu din s A ngun p 3 pha


93

3.2. PHNG PHAP GIAI MACH 3 PHA CN BNG:

Mch 3 pha c gi l cn bng khi:
Ngun p 3 pha cp n ti l ngun 3 pha cn bng (u Y hay u A).
Ti 3 pha cn bng, ti c u theo dng Y hay A.

Ta cn ch n nh ngha cho ti 3 pha cn bng.

Ti 3 pha c gi l cn bng khi:
Tng tr phc ca cc ti hon ton bng nhau.
Hay cc ti c gi tr tng tr bng nhau; h s cng sut ca cc ti bng nhau v
cng tnh cht.

Khi kho st tng qut chng ta quan tm n tng tr ca ng dy truyn ti , vi
mch 3 pha cn bng, gi tr ca cc tng tr trn cc ng dy truyn ti bng nhau. Chng ta
chia mch in 3 pha thnh 4 dng:

Ngun Y; ti Y.
Ngun Y; ti A.
Ngun A; ti Y.
Ngun A; ti A.

3.2. 1. TRNG HP NGUN Y TI Y:
Mch 3 pha cn bng tng qut
c dng trnh by trong hnh 3.9. Mun
xc nh cc gi tr dng v p t ngang
qua hai u mi ti, chng ta p dng
phng trnh in th nt ti nt N khi
chn trung tnh n lm nt chun. Gi
N
V
-
l p phc gia nt N so vi nt
chun, phng trnh in th nt vit ti nt N (trung tnh ti) c dng sau:

N a N b N c N
d t d t d t dn
V V V V V V V
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z
- - - - - - -

+ + + =
+ + +
0 (3.12)
Hay:
N a b c
d t dn d t
V . . V V V
Z Z Z Z Z
- - - -
| | | | | |
| + = + + | |
| | |
+ +
\ . \ .
\ .
3 1 1
(3.13)

V ngun 3 pha cn bng, ta c:
a b c
V V V
- - -
+ + = 0 (3.14)
T cc quan h (3.13) v (3.14) suy ra:
N
V
-
= 0 , cc nt n v N ng th. Ni cch khc
khi n v N cng in th, ta xem nh hai nt trng nhau thnh 1 nt duy nht. Suy ra, khi ti 3
pha cn bng dng phc qua dy trung tnh t gi tr l 0 :
N
Nn
dn dn
V
I
Z Z
-
-
= = =
0
0

(3.15)

Tm li trong mch 3 pha cn bng khng c dng qua trung tnh. Trong thc t vi Ti
3 pha cn bng khng cn ni dy dn t trung tnh ngun n trung tnh ti.

-+
-+
-+
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
a
b
c
n
N
A
B
C
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
t
Z
t
Z
t
Z
dn
Z
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
Nn
I
-

HNH 3.9: Mch 3 pha cn bng, ngun Y ti Y.


94

Khi cc n v N trng nhau theo kt qu ng th, chng ta c th tch mch in 3 pha
cn bng thnh 3 mch mt pha tng ng, xem hnh 3.10. Gii ring tng mch mt pha
tng ng, ta tm c cc thng s dng v p trn ti cho ring tng pha, cc gi tr tm
c cng l cc thng s trn mch 3 pha. T phn tch trn suy ra:

Dng in t ngun cung cp vo cc ph ti c xc nh nh sau:

a b c
aA bB cC
d t d t d t
V V V
I ; I ; I
Z Z Z Z Z Z
- - -
- - -
= = =
+ + +
(3.16)

in p t ngang qua hai u ti mi pha c xc nh theo cu phn p :
a
t
AN aA
t
d t
Z .V
V Z . I
Z Z
-
- -
= =
+
(3.17)
b
t
BN bB
t
d t
Z .V
V Z . I
Z Z
-
- -
= =
+
(3.18)
c
t
CN cC
t
d t
Z .V
V Z . I
Z Z
-
- -
= =
+
(3.19)

Cng sut phc tiu th trn mi ti v trn ton b ti 3 pha c xc nh nh sau:

Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti pha AN l :
*
A AN aA aA
t
S V .I Z . I
-
- - -
= =
2
(3.20)
Tng t cng sut phc tiu th trn cc pha BN v CN l:

B bB
t
S Z . I
- -
=
2

(3.21)
-+
-+
-+
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
a
b
c
n
N
A
B
C
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
t
Z
t
Z
t
Z
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
-
+
a
V
-
a
n
N
A
d
Z
aA
I
-
-
+
b
V
-
b
n N
B
d
Z
bB
I
-
-
+
c
V
-
c
n N
C d
Z
cC
I
-

HNH 3.10: Thay th mch 3 pha cn bng, ngun Y ti Y bng 3 mch 1 pha.


95
C cC
t
S Z . I
- -
=
2
(3.22)

Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3 pha cn bng l:

pha a b c
t aA bB cC
S S S S Z . I I I
- - - -
| |
= + + = + +
|
\ .
2 2 2
3
(3.23)

Vi mch 3 pha cn bng, cc dng hiu dng xc nh theo cc quan h (3.16) bng
nhau v chnh l dng hiu dng qua mi pha ph ti , ta c:

aA bB cC
pha
I I I I
- - -
= = = (3.24)
Suy ra:
pha
t pha
S .Z .I
-
=
2
3
3 (3.25)
Gi phn thc ca mi tng tr pha ti l
t t
Re(Z ) R = , gi tr ny l thnh phn in tr
ca ti; phn o ca mi tng tr pha ti l
t L c
Im(Z ) X X = , gi tr ny l thnh phn (X
L
X
c
)
ca ti . T quan h (3.25) suy ra:

pha
t pha L c pha
S ( .R .I ) j. .(X X ).I
-
(
= +
(

2 2
3
3 3 (3.26)
Hay:
( ) ( )
pha
pha pha pha pha
S .V .I .cos j. .v .I .sin
-
= +
3
3 3 (3.27)
V
pha
l p pha hiu dng t ngang qua hai u mi pha ti .
AN BN CN
V ; V ; V
- - -

l cc p
phc t ngang qua hai u mi pha ti, v ti 3 pha cn bng nn:
AN BN CN
pha
V V V V
- - -
= = = (3.28)
I
pha
l dng hiu dng qua mi pha ti.
cos : l h s cng sut ca ti ( )
t
Z , vi
( )
t
t
t t
Re Z
R
cos
Z Z
= =

-
+
-
+
-
+
a
V
-
b
V
-
c
V
-
a
b
c
n N
A
B
C
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
t
Z
t
Z
t
Z
dn
Z
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
Nn
I
-
= 0
AN
V
-
CN
V
-
AB
V
-
BC
V
-
aA bB cC
pha day
I I I I I
- - -
= = = =
AN BN CN
pha
V V V V
- - -
= = =
AB BC CA
day
V V V V
- - -
= = =
-
+
+
-
BN
V
-
+
+
+
-
-
-

HNH 3.11: Thng s p v dng trn ti 3 pha cn bng, ngun Y ti Y.


96

V
dy
l p dy hiu dng t ngang qua hai trong 3 u ti 3 pha u Y . Gi
AB BC CA
V ; V ; V
- - -

l cc p dy phc, v ti 3 pha cn bng ta c :

AB BC CA
day
V V V V
- - -
= = = (3.29)

Theo cc quan h (3.8) v (3.10) suy ra:

day pha
V .V = 3 (3.30)

Cn ch vi s Y-Y (ngun Y-Ti Y) dng qua cc pha ti cng chnh l dng qua
dy ngun ( I
dy
= I
pha
). T (3.27) v (3.30) , ta c:

pha
pha pha. pha day day
P Re S .V I .cos .V .I .cos
-
| |
| = = =
|
\ .
3
3
3 3 (3.31)

pha
pha pha. pha day day
Q Im S .V I .sin .V .I .sin
-
| |
| = = =
|
\ .
3
3
3 3 (3.32)

TH D 3.1:

Cho mch 3 pha bao gm: ngun 3 pha cn bng, th t thun, u Y;
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

220 0 , 50 Hz. Ti 3 pha cn bng, u Y, tng tr phc:
t
Z j / pha
(
= + O

16 12
tng tr ng dy trn mi pha l
d
Z , , j / pha
(
= + O

0 1 0 1 . Xc nh:
a./ Dng pha hiu dng qua mi pha ti.
b./ p pha hiu dng trn ti.
c./ Cng sut tc dng tiu th trn ti 3 pha .
d./ Cng sut biu kin tng cung cp t ngun.

GII
Vi ngun p 3 pha th t thun khi bit gi tr p phc
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

220 0 , ta suy ra:
o
an
o
bn
o
cn
V
V
V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
220 0
220 120
220 240

Thay th mch 3 pha cn bng bng 3 mch tng
ng 1 pha; mch tng ng 1 pha v cho pha A c
trnh by trong hnh 3.12

a./ Dng pha hiu dng qua mi ti :

Dng phc qua ti trn pha A l:

=
-
aA I
220
16 12j +
( )
0.1 0.1j +
( )
+
8.7323 6.5628j =
-
+
o
an
V
-
= Z 220 0
a
n N
A
d
Z , , j = + 0 1 0 1
aA
I
-
t
Z j = + 16 12

HNH 3.12: Mch tng ng 1 pha


97

Dng hiu dng qua mi ti :

b./ p pha hiu dng trn mi pha ti :

p dng nh lut Ohm ta c :

p hiu dng trn mi pha ti l:

c./ Cng sut tc dng tiu th trn ti 3 pha :

CH :
Khi tnh cng sut tc dng ta c th p dng mt trong cc phng php sau:

PHNG PHP 1: p dng cng thc P = RI
2
.
Vi tng tr ti
t
Z j / pha
(
= + O

16 12 ; phn thc chnh l gi tr in tr trong ph ti .
Nn cng sut tc dng ca mi pha ti c xc nh trc tip bng quan h sau:

Vy:
pha
P W ~
1
1909

Suy ra cng sut tc dng cp cho ti 3 pha :

PHNG PHP 2: p dng cng sut phc.

Ta c :

Suy ra:
pha
Re(S ) . W W = ~
1
1909 133 1909

PHNG PHP 3: p dng quan h (3.31)

pha AN aA tai
P .V .I .cos =
3
3
Trong :
( )
t
tai
t
Re Z
cos ,
Z
= = =
16
0 8
20

Suy ra:

d./ Cng sut biu kin tng cp t ngun:

PHNG PHP 1: p dng quan h S = Z.I
2

a A I
-
=
8.7323
2
6.5628
2
+ 10.9235 = A
A N a A
t
V Z . I
- -
= = 16 12j +
( )
8.7323 6.5628j
( )
218.4704 0.2172j =
AN
V
-
=
218.4704
2
0.2172
2
+ 218.4705 = V
p h a
P =
1
16 10.9235
2
1909.1656 = W
pha pha
P .P = =
3 1
3 3 1909.1656 5727.4968 = W
pha
P =
3
3 218.4705 10.9235 0.8 ( ) 5727.51 = W
( ) ( )
t t t
Z Re Z Im Z
( (
= + =

2 2
16
2
12
2
+ 20 = O
218.4704 0.2172j
( )
8.7323 6.5628j +
( )
1909.1745 1431.8809j + =
*
A AN aA
S V .I
-
- -
= =


98

Cng sut biu kin tng cp n mi pha ti:

PHNG PHP 2: p dng cng sut phc.

T kt qu xc nh trong cu c ( phng php 2) , cng sut phc cp n mi pha ti l :

pha
S . . j = +
1
1909 1745 1431 8809

Suy ra:

Lm trn s : S
1pha
~ 2386 VA

Cng sut biu kin tng cp n ti l :

pha pha
S .S . VA = = =
3 1
3 3 2386 7158

PHNG PHP 3: p dng cng sut
pha AN aA
S .V .I =
3
3
Suy ra:

3.2.2. TRNG HP NGUN Y TI A:
Mch 3 pha ngun Y ti A trnh by
trong hnh 3.13. Vi mch 3 pha cn bng c
n nh hng ca tng tr ng dy;
khi gii mch ta c th p dng mt trong cc
phng php sau y:

Bin i ti t dng A sang dng Y ;
chuyn mch in v dng ngun Y ti Y
tnh ton cc thng s. Sau cng chuyn i
cc gi tr tnh ton c trn ti Y v cc gi
tr tng ng cho ti A.

Gii trc tip mch in bng cch p
dng phng trnh dng vng.

TH D 3.2: Cho mch 3 pha vi ngun p 3 pha cn bng, th t thun,
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

220 0 ,
tn s 50 Hz; ti 3 pha cn bng u A;
AB BC CA t
Z Z Z Z j
(
= = = = + O

12 9 , tng tr ng dy
cn bng :
dA dB dC d
Z Z Z Z ,
(
= = = = O

0 2 . p dng php bin i ti t dng A sang Y gii
mch, xc nh:

a./ Dng dy hiu dng t ngun cp n ti .
b./ Dng pha hiu dng qua mi nhnh pha ti A.
c./ Cng sut tc dng tiu th trn ti 3 pha.
d./ Cng sut biu kin tng cung cp t ngun.

GII Bin i tng tr phc ca ti A sang Y xem hnh 3.14 ; vi ti 3 pha cn bng ta c :

=
pha
S
1
20 10.9235 ( )
2
2386.457 = VA
( ) ( )
pha pha pha
S Re S Im S
( (
= + =
( (

2 2
1 1 1

1909.1745
2
1431.8809
2
+ 2386.4681 = VA
= =
A
3
Z
Z
Y
12 9j +
3
4 3j + = O
pha
S =
3
3 218.4705 10.9235 ( ) 7159.3875 = VA
-
+
-
+
-
+
an
V
-
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
t
Z
t
Z
aA
I
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
t
Z
AB
I
-
BC
I
-
CA
I
-

HNH 3.13: Mch 3 pha cn bng, ngun Y ti A.


99

a./ Dng in qua mi dy ngun cung cp vo h thng ph ti .

Sau khi chuyn i ti A sang dng Y,
p dng mch tng ng 1 pha cho
mch 3 pha cn bng ngun Y ti Y ta tm
dng dy t ngun cung cp n ti (tnh
trn dy ngun t a n A).
a
aA
d Y
V
I
Z Z
-
-
=
+

Dng dy hiu dng in t ngun n ti:

b./ Dng pha qua mi nhnh ti u A.

Mun xc nh dng pha qua mi nhnh
ti A; u tin xc nh :

p pha trn ti Y tng ng :
AN BN
V ; V
- -

Suy ra p pha trn ti A:
AB
V
-
.
CH : p pha
AB
V
-
ca ti A chnh l p dy ca ti Y tng ng.
Trong trng hp ny ta c hai phng php xc nh gi tr cho p phc
AB
V
-

PHNG PHP 1: p dng quan h gia p dy v p pha ca ngun p 3 pha cn bng.

y l phng php tnh nhanh dc vo tnh cht ca ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y
trnh by trong mc 3.1.3.1. Ta c p phc pha
AN
V
-
xc nh theo quan h:

Hay:

o
AN
V , V
-
(
= Z

213 1208 1 33

Vi ngun p 3 pha th t thun ta suy ra p dy phc trn ti Y l:
o
AB
V , V
-
(
= - Z +

0
213 1208 3 1 33 30
Suy ra:

o
AB
V , V
-
(
= Z

369 136 31 33
Hay:

AB
V , , j V
-
(
= +

315 3 191 95

=
aA
I
34.6847
2
24.7748
2
+ 42.6242 = A
AN aA
Y
V Z . I
- -
= = 34.6847 24.7748j
( )
4 3j +
( )
213.0632 4.9549j + =
-
+
-
+
-
+
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
d
Z
t
Z Z
A
=
aA
I
-
-
+
-
+
-
+
a
b
c
n
N
A
B
C
Y
Z
Y
Z
Y
Z
AN
V
-
AB
V
-
Marh 8 pha Ihur su ran Inh Ioan
Marh dIan 8 pha sau khI bIan doI IaI sang dang Y
bn
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
cn
V
-
an
V
-
an
V
-
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
t
Z Z
A
=
t
Z Z
A
=
BC
V
-
BN
V
-
CN
V
-
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-

HNH 3.14: Mch 3 pha chuyn i ti A sang dng Y.
220
4 3j +
( )
0.2 +
34.6847 24.7748j =
aA
I
-
=


100

PHNG PHP 2: p dng nh ngha ca p dy:
u tin xc nh p pha phc
AN
V
-

tng t nh trn, sau tm dng pha phc
bB
I
-
:

Suy ra:

p dng nh ngha ca p dy
AB AN BN
V V V
- - -
= , ta c:

Dng pha phc in qua nhnh ti AB :

Dng pha hiu dng qua nhnh ti AB l :

CH :
Mun tnh nhanh dng hiu dng hay p hiu dng trong mch 3 pha cn bng m
khng cn quan tm n gc pha; ta c th p dng cc tnh cht nu trong mc 3.1. gii
nhanh cu b theo phng php nh sau:

Vi p pha phc :
AN
V , , j
-
= + 213 0632 4 9549 ; ta suy ra gi tr p pha hiu dng trn ti Y
tng ng l :

Vi mch 3 pha cn bng, ti Y cn bng; p dy hiu dng trn ti V
AB
gp 3 ln p pha
hiu dng trn ti V
AN
. Suy ra:

Vi tng tr phc : Z j
A
= + 12 9 ; ta xc nh c :

Dng pha hiu dng qua mi nhnh ca ti A l :

c./ Cng sut tc dng tiu th trn ti 3 pha u A.
p dng quan h sau:
( )
pha pha AB
P .P .Re Z .I
A
= =
2
3 1
3 3 , suy ra:

( )
pha
P . . , , W = = ~
2
3
3 12 24 609 21801 703 21802
d./ Cng sut biu kin tng cp bi ngun:

p dng quan h sau:
pha an aA
S .V .I =
3
3 , suy ra:
pha
S . . , , VA = = ~
3
3 220 42 6242 28131 972 28132
BN bB
Y
V Z . I
- -
= =
38.7979 17.6504j
( )
4 3j +
( )
102.2404 186.9953j =
bn
bB
d Y
V
I
Z Z
-
-
= =
+
220 cos 120
t
180
\
|
|
.
sin 120
t
180
\
|
|
.
j
|
\
|
|
.
+
(
(
4 3j + ( ) 0.2 +
38.7979 17.6504j =
AB AN BN
V V V
- - -
= =
213.0632 4.9549j +
( )
102.2404 186.9953j
( )
315.3036 191.9502j + =
AN
V
-
=
213.0632
2
4.9549
2
+ 213.1208 = V
AB AN
V .V = = 3 213.1208 3 369.136 = V
AB
AB
V
I
Z
-
-
A
= =
315.3036 191.9502j +
12 9j +
24.4942 2.3748j =
AB
I
-
= 24.4942
2
2.3748
2
+ 24.609 = A
=
A
Z 12
2
9
2
+ 15 = O
=
AB
I
369.136
15
24.609 = A


101
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

200 0 ,
50 Hz; ti 3 pha cn bng u A;
AB BC CA t
Z Z Z Z j
(
= = = = + O

16 12 , tng tr ng dy
khng ng k
d
Z
(
= O

0 . Xc nh:
a./ Dng phc
AB
I
-
qua nhnh pha AB ca
ti A .
b./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-

c./ Kho st tng quan gia dng dy t
ngun v dng pha qua mi nhnh ti A.
d./ Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3 pha.

GII

Vi mch 3 pha cn bng cho trong
u , hnh 3.15; khi tng tr ng dy
khng ng k, in p cp n tng nhnh ti A l p dy ca ngun p 3 pha. Trong trng
hp ny chng ta c th xc nh trc tip dng qua mi nhnh pha ti A.
a./ Dng phc
AB
I
-
qua nhnh pha AB:
AB ab
AB
t t
V V
I
Z Z
- -
-
= =
Vi p pha
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

200 0 , suy ra p dy
o
ab
V V
-
(
= Z

200 3 30 , tm li:
o o
o
AB
o
I A
j
-
Z Z
(
= = = Z

+
Z
200 3 30 200 3 30
10 3 6 87
16 12
20 36 87

b./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-
:
p dng nh lut Kirchhoff 1 ti nt A, ta c:
aA AB CA
I I I
- - -
= . Dng phc
CA
I
-
xc nh
theo quan h sau:
o o
CA
o
CA
o
t
V
I
j
Z
-
-
Z Z
= = = = Z
+
Z
200 3 210 200 3 210
10 246 87
16 12
20 36 87

Suy ra:

( )
( )
o o
aA
I . . , , j
-
= Z Z = 10 3 1 6 87 1 246 87 10 3 1 38564 1 03923
Tm li:

( )
o o
aA
I . A
-
(
= Z = Z

10 3 3 36 87 30 36 87

c./ Nhn xt tng quan gia dng pha ti v dng dy ngun:
Vi ti 3 pha cn bng, cc dng pha phc qua mi nhnh ti :
AB
I
-
;
BC
I
-
;
CA
I
-
c sut bng
nhau v lch pha thi gian tng i 120o. Tnh cht sm pha hay chm pha ph thuc vo
tnh cht ngun p 3 pha l th t thun hay th t nghch. S tng quan gia cc dng pha
ti v dng dy ngun c quan st mt cch trc quan bng gin vector.
-
+
-
+
-
+
an
V
-
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
t
Z
t
Z
aA
I
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
t
Z
AB
I
-
BC
I
-
CA
I
-

HNH 3.15


102

p dng nh lut Kirchhoff1 ti cc nt A,B,C ta c cc quan h sau:
aA AB CA
I I I
- - -
= (3.33)
bB BC AB
I I I
- - -
= (3.34)
cC CA BC
I I I
- - -
= (3.35)

Vi ngun p 3 pha th t thun (hnh 3.16), cc dng dy phc c sut bng nhau
v to thnh h thng th t thun.

Tng t vi ngun p 3 pha th t nghch (hnh 3.17), cc dng dy phc cng c
sut bng nhau v to thnh h thng th t nghch.
Nu t dng dy
aA
I
-
tng ng dng pha
AB
I
-
, dng dy
bB
I
-
tng ng dng pha
BC
I
-

v dng dy
cC
I
-
tng ng dng pha
CA
I
-
. Dng dy c gi l tng ng vi dng pha khi
cc dng dy v dng pha c ch s m u cng k t. Ta rt ra nhn xt sau:

Dng dy c sut ln hn dng pha 3 ln.

Vi ngun p 3 pha th t thun, dng dy chm pha hn dng pha tng ng gc
30
o
v ngc li vi ngun p 3 pha th t nghch, dng dy nhanh pha hn dng pha
tng ng gc 30
o.

p dng tnh cht ny chng ta c th tm nhanh cc kt qu , c v nghim li phng
php tnh va trnh by trong cu a v b ca th d ny.

d./ Cng sut phc tiu th trong ti 3 pha:

Vi trng hp ca th d ny chng ta c th xc nh cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3
pha bng nhiu phng php khc nhau c trnh by sau y:

p dng cng sut phc.
p dng nguyn l bo ton cng sut. . .

o
120
o
120
AB
I
-
BC
I
-
CA
I
-
BC
I
-
aA AB CA
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
bB BC AB
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
AB
I
-
cC CA BC
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
CA
I
-
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-

HNH 3.16: Cc vector dng dy ngun v dng pha ti
(Trng hp ngun p 3 pha th t thun)
o
120
o
120
AB
I
-
BC
I
-
CA
I
-
BC
I
-
aA AB CA
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
bB BC AB
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
AB
I
-
cC CA BC
I I I
- - -
| |
| = +
|
\ .
CA
I
-
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-

HNH 3.17: Cc vector dng dy ngun v dng pha ti
(Trng hp ngun p 3 pha th t nghch)


103

PHNG PHP 1: p dng cng sut phc
T dng phc
AB
I
-
v p phc
AB
V
-
suy ra cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh AB ca ti.
( ) ( )
* o o o
AB AB AB
S V .I . VA
-
- -
(
= = Z Z = Z

200 3 30 10 3 6 87 6000 36 87
Do ti 3 pha cn bng cc cng sut phc trn hai nhnh pha ti cn li s c gi tr bng
vi sng sut phc
AB
S
-
. Suy ra cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3 pha l:
o o o
pha AB
S .S . VA KVA
- -
( (
= = Z = Z = Z

3
3 3 6000 36 87 18000 36 87 18 36 87
Hay:

pha
S j VA , , j KVA
-
( (
= + = +

3
14400 10800 14 4 10 8

PHNG PHP 2: p dng nguyn l bo ton cng sut.

Trn mi nhnh ti, ta c tng tr phc l:
t
Z j
(
= + O

16 12

, thnh phn in tr ca ti
l
( )
t
R Re Z = = O 16 , thnh phn cm khng ca ti l :
( )
t
L
X Im Z = = O 12 , dng hiu dng
qua mi nhnh pha ti l:
AB
I A
-
= 10 3 . Suy ra cc thnh phn cng sut tc dng v phn
khng tiu th trn ti 3 pha l:
( )
pha AB
P .R.I . . W = = =
2
2
3
3 3 16 10 3 14400
( )
pha L AB
Q .X .I . . VAR = = =
2
2
3
3 3 12 10 3 10800
Tm li:

pha
pha pha
S P j.Q j VA
-
(
= + = +

3
3 3
14400 10800

o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

220 0 ,
50 Hz ; ti 3 pha cn bng u A cho tng tr phc mi nhnh pha ti l:
t L
Z R j.X = + ; tng tr
ng dy khng ng k
d
Z
(
= O

0 .Nu cng sut tc dng tiu th trn ti 3 pha l 17424 W,
v dng dy hiu dng t ngun cp n ti l :
day
I A = 44 . Xc nh:

a./ Thnh phn cm khng X
L
ca ti.
b./ Cng sut biu kin tng pht bi ngun p.

GII

a./ Thnh phn cm khng X
L
ca ti.

Vi cng sut tiu th trn 3 pha l
pha
P W =
3
17424 v ti 3 pha cn bng, suy ra cng
sut tc dng tiu th trn mi nhnh pha ti l:
pha
pha
P
P W = = =
3
1
17424
5808
3 3


104

Vi ti cn bng , ng vi dng dy hiu dng t ngun cp n ti l
day
I A = 44 , ta
suy ra dng pha hiu dng trn mi nhnh ti A.

day
pha
I
I A = =
44
3 3

Thnh phn in tr ca mi nhnh pha ti l:
pha
pha
P
R
I
= = = O
| |
|
\ .
1
2 2
5808
9
44
3

Tng tr ca mi nhnh pha ti l:
day
AB
t
t
pha pha
V
V
Z Z
I I
= = = = = O
| |
|
\ .
220 3
15
44
3

Thnh phn in khng trn mi nhnh pha ti l:

L t
X Z R = = = O
2 2 2 2
15 9 12

b./ Cng sut biu kin tng pht bi ngun p.

Trong trng hp ca bi ton ny, do tng tr ng dy khng ng k nn cng sut
biu kin tng pht bi ngun bng ng cng sut biu kin tng tiu th trn ti. Suy ra.
pha AB AB day pha
S .V .I .V .I . . VA
(
= = = =
3
44
3 3 3 220 3 29040
3

CH : Chng ta c th tm c kt qu bng cch l lun khc nh sau: vi
pha
P W =
3
17424
v tng tr phc ca mi nhnh ti l:
t
Z j
(
= + O

9 12 nn h s cng sut ti l: cos , = 0 6
t suy ra:
pha
pha
P
S VA
cos ,
= = =
3
3
17424
29040
0 6

3.2.3. TRNG HP NGUN A TI Y:

Mch in tng qut trrnh by trong
hnh 3.18. Khi gii mch xc nh cc thng
s ca mch chng ta c th p dng mt
trong cc phng php sau y:

Bin i ngun p 3 pha cn bng t
dng A sang dng Y; chuyn i mch in
v dng ngun Y ti Y .

Gii trc tip mch in bng cch p
dng phng trnh dng mt li.

TH D 3.5: Cho mch in 3 pha gm ngun 3 pha cn bng th t thun, u A ,
o
ab
V
-
= Z 208 0 , tng tr ng dy khng ng k
d
Z = 0. Ti 3 pha cn bng u Y, mi
nhnh pha ti c tng tr:
t
Z / pha
(
= O

20 , h s cng sut 0,866 tr. Xc nh dng dy
phc
aA
I
-
cp n ti v cng sut tc dng tng tiu th trn ti.

-
+
-
+
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
ca
V
-
a
b
c
N
A
B
C
d
Z
d
Z
d
Z
t
Z
t
Z
t
Z
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
-
+

HNH 3.18: Mch 3 pha cn bng ngun A, ti Y.


105

GII :

Xt ngun p 3 pha cn bng u A gia
3 nt a,b,c ; gi s ngun p 3 pha ny c
chuyn i sang ngun 3 pha u Y gia 3 nt
a, b, c xem hnh 3.19.
Cc ngun p
ab bc ca
V ; V ; V
- - -
trong s
A chnh l p dy phc ca ngun p 3 pha
u Y sau khi qui i. Ty thuc vo th t
thun hay nghch ca ngun p 3 pha ta p
dng cc quan h (3.8) hay (3.10) thc hin
cc quan h qui i p phc.

Vi ngun p 3 pha th t thun, ta c cc quan h qui i nh sau:

Vi ngun p 3 pha th t nghch, ta c cc quan h qui i nh sau:

Vi iu kin ca ngun p 3 pha cho trong u th d khi chuyn i ngun t A sang
s Y, ta c kt qu nh sau:
o o
an
V V
-
(
= Z = Z

208
30 120 30
3

T s liu ca tng tr mi pha ti ta suy ra tng tr phc mi pha l:
o
t
Z
(
= Z O

20 30 .

p dng mch tng ng 1 pha cho h thng ngun Y ti Y (sau khi qui i ngun);
chng ta c kt qu nh sau:
o
an
o
aA
o
t
V
I A
Z
-
-
Z
(
= = = Z

Z
120 30
6 60
20 30

Dng dy hiu dng t ngun cp n ti l 6A. Cng sut tc dng tng tiu th trn ti
c th c tnh theo mt trong cc phng php nh sau:

PHNG PHP 1: Dng cng sut phc.
( ) ( )
o o
AN an
aA
S V . I* .
- - -
= = Z Z = Z
0
120 30 6 60 720 30

ca
V
-
ab
V
-
bc
V
-
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-

HNH 3.19: Chuyn i ngun p 3 pha A sang Y.
o
ab
o
bc
o
ca
V V
V V
V V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
0
120
240
o
an
o
bn
o
cn
V
V
V
V
V
V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
30
3
150
3
270
3
o
ab
o
bc
o
ca
V V
V V
V V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
0
120
240
o
an
o
bn
o
cn
V
V
V
V
V
V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
30
3
150
3
270
3


106
AN
S . j. VA
-
| |
( | = +

|
\ .
3 1
720
2 2

Cng sut tc dng tiu th trn mi pha ti l:
pha
P Re(S) . , W
-
= = ~
1
360 3 623 54
Vi ti 3 pha cn bng cng sut tc dng tng ca ti l:

pha pha
P .P , W = = - ~
3 1
3 3 623 54 1871

PHNG PHP 2: p dng quan h:
pha day day
P .V .I .cos =
3
3 trong mch 3 pha cn bng.
Trong :
p dy cp n ti l
ab
day
V V V
-
= = 208 .
Dng dy hiu dng cp n ti l :
aA
day
I I A
-
= = 6
H s cng sut ca ti l : cos = 0,866.
Suy ra:
pha
P , , W W = - - - = ~
3
3 208 6 0 866 1871 94 1872

PHNG PHP 3: p dng quan h :
( )
pha t pha
P .Re Z .I =
2
3
3 , ta c kt qu nh sau:

( )
o
pha
P . .cos . , , W = = - - - = ~
2 2
3
3 20 30 6 3 20 0 866 6 1870 56 1871

3.2.4. TRNG HP NGUN A TI A:
Trong trng hp ny, c th p dng mt trong cc phng php sau gii mch:
Gii trc tip mch in dng phng trnh dng mt li.
Gi nguyn ngun p 3 pha dng A v bin i ti A sang dng Y; a bi ton v
trng hp ngun A ti Y.
Bin i ngun p 3 pha t dng A sang dng Y; gi nguyn ti dng A ; a bi ton v
trng hp ngun Y ti A.
Bin i c ngun v ti t dng A sang dng Y; a bi ton v dng ngun Y ti Y .

3.3. PHNG PHAP GIAI MACH IN 3 PHA KHNG CN BNG:
3.3.1. TRNG HP NGUN Y TI Y:
Vi bi ton mch 3 pha c ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y v ph ti khng cn bng
u Y; chng ta thng gp hai trng hp:

Trung tnh ngun cch ly trung tnh ti.
Trung tnh ngun ni lin trung tnh ti bng dy dn c tng tr khng ng k.

Vi mch 3 pha ngun Y ti Y, khng cn bng, trung tnh ngun cch ly trung tnh ti; mun
gii mch chng ta p dng phng trnh in th nt . Vi bi ton ny, trung tnh ngun v
trung tnh ti khng ng th , cc p pha trn mi nhnh pha ti u Y c gi tr khng bng nhau
ng thi dng dy t ngun cp n ti c gi tr khng bng nhau.
iu quan trng cn ch l gc lch pha gia cc p pha trn ti v gc lch pha gia
cc dng dy cp n ti.


107

TH D 3.6 :
Cho mch in 3 pha trong hnh 3.20 gm : ngun
p 3 pha cn bng u Y c cc p dy:
o
ab
V V
-
(
= Z

208 240
o
bc
V V
-
(
= Z

208 0
o
ca
V V
-
(
= Z

208 120
Tng tr ng dy khng ng k, ti u Y
khng cn bng:
o
AN
Z
(
= Z O

6 0 ;
o
BN
Z
(
= Z O

6 30 ;
o
CN
Z
(
= Z O

5 45 . Xc nh:
a./ p hiu dng gia trung tnh ngun n v trung tnh ti N.

b./ Dng phc v hiu dng qua mi nhnh pha ti.

c./ Cng sut phc tng cp cho ti 3 pha.

GII:
a./ p hiu dng
N
V gia trung tnh ngun n v trung tnh ti N:
Chn trung tnh ngun n lm nt chun, gi
N
V
-

l p phc ti N, phng trnh in th nt
ti N l:
N an N bn N cn
AN BN CN
V V V U V U
Z Z Z
- - - - - -

+ + = 0
Hay:
an bn cn
N
AN BN CN AN BN CN
V V V
V .
Z Z Z Z Z Z
- - -
-
| |
+ + = + + |
|
\ .
1 1 1

Tm li:
an bn cn
AN BN CN
N
AN BN CN
V V V
Z Z Z
V
Z Z Z
- - -
-
| |
|
+ +
|
|
\ .
=
| |
+ + |
|
\ .
1 1 1

t:
an bn cn
AN BN CN AN BN CN
V V V
D D
Z Z Z Z Z Z
- - -
| |
| |
|
= + + = + + |
|
|
| \ .
\ .
1 2
1 1 1

Ta c:

-
+
-
+
-
+
an
V
-
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
AN
Z
BN
Z
CN
Z
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
N
bn
V
-
cn
V
-

HNH 3.20
o
ab
o
bc
o
ca
V
V
V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
208 240
208 0
208 120
o
an
o
bn
o
cn
V
V
V
-
-
-
= Z
= Z
= Z
120 270
120 30
120 150


108

Suy ra:
o o o
o o o
o o o
D
Z Z Z
= + + == Z + Z + Z
Z Z Z
1
120 270 120 30 120 150
20 270 20 0 24 105
6 0 6 30 5 45

D , , .j = +
1
13 78834 3 18222

( )
o o o
o o o
D .
D . j. . j. , , .j
= + + = Z + Z + Z
Z Z Z
| | | |
| | = + + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
1 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 30 45
6 5
6 0 6 30 5 45
1 3 1 1 2 2
1 0 45243 0 22475
6 2 2 5 2 2

Suy ra:

N
V , , , V
-
= + =
2 2
21 642 17 785 28 012

b./ Dng phc v hiu dng qua mi nhnh pha ti.

Dng phc qua pha ti AN:
( )
an N
aA
o
AN
o
aA
, , j
V V , , j
I
Z
I , , j , A
- -
-
-
Z +

= = =
Z
(
= = Z

0
120 270 21 642 17 785
21 6415 137 7847
6
6 0
3 6069 22 964 23 2456 98 93

Dng phc qua pha ti BN:
( )
bn N
bB
o
BN
o
bB
, , j
V V , , j
I
, j Z
I , , j , A
- -
-
-
Z +
+
= = =
+
Z
(
= = Z

0
120 30 21 642 17 785
82 2816 42 2153
5 19615 3
6 30
15 3943 0 7635 15 413 2 84

Dng phc qua pha ti CN:
( )
cn N
cC
o
CN
o
cC
, , j
V V , , j
I
, , j Z
I , , j , A
- -
-
-
Z +
+
= = =
+
Z
(
= + = Z

0
120 150 21 642 17 785
125 5645 42 2153
3 53553 3 53553
5 45
11 7874 23 7277 26 494 116 42

c./ Cng sut phc tng cp cho ti 3 pha:

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti AN:
A AN aA aA aA aA
AN AN
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I
- -
- - - - - -
= = =
2

A
S , , VA
-
(
= - =

2
6 23 2456 3242 15

N
V
-
=
13.78834 j 3.18222 +
0.452425 j 0.22475
21.642 17.785j + =


109

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti BN:
B BN bB bB bB bB
BN BN
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I
- -
- - - - - -
= = =
2

( ) ( ) B
S , j , , , j VA
-
(
= + - ~ +

2
5 19615 3 15 413 1234 43 712 7

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti CN:
C CN cC cC cC cC
CN CN
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I
- -
- - - - - -
= = =
2

( ) ( ) C
S , , j , , , j VA
-
(
= + - ~ +

2
3 53553 3 53553 26 494 2481 74 2481 74

Cng sut phc tng tiu th trn ti 3 pha khng cn bng:
t A B C
o
t
S S S S j VA
S VA
- - - -
-
(
= + + ~ +

(
~ Z

6958 3194
7656 24 66

TH D 3.7:
Gii li bi ton cho trong th d 3.6, vi iu kin trung tnh ti n ni n trung tnh
ngun N bng dy trung tnh c tng tr Z
d
= 0 .

GII:
Khi ni trung tnh ti v trung tnh ngun bng ng
dy c tng tr khng ng k, gi
Nn
V
-
l p gia hai
trung tnh v
Nn
I
-
l dng i t trung tnh ti N n trung
tnh ngun n; theo nh lut Ohm ta c quan h:
Nn Nn
V I .Z
- -
= ; ngoi ra theo nh lut Kichhoff1 ta cn c:
Nn aA bB cC
I I I I
- - - -
= + + . V Z
d
= 0 bt chp gi tr I
Nn
ta lun
c p V
Nn
= 0; ni khc i trung tnh ngun v trung
tnh ti ng th. Trong trng hp ny, mc d mch 3
pha khng cn bng nhng chng ta vn c th thay
mch 3 pha khng cn bng nng 3 mch 1 pha
tng ng . Phng php tnh c thc hin tng t nh trnh by trong mc 3.2.1 v
hnh 3.10. Ta c cc kt qu sau:
o
an
o
aA
o
A
V
I j
Z
-
-
Z
= = = Z =
Z
120 270
20 270 20
6 0

o
bn
o
bB
o
B
V
I
Z
-
-
Z
= = = Z =
Z
120 30
20 0 20
6 30

o
cn
o
cC
o
C
V
I , , j
Z
-
-
Z
= = = Z = +
Z
120 150
24 105 6 2117 23 1822
5 45

-
+
-
+
-
+
an
V
-
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
AN
Z
BN
Z
CN
Z
aA
I
-
N
bn
V
-
cn
V
- bB
I
-
cC
I
-
Nn
I
-

HNH 3.21


110

Dng phc qua dy trung tnh c xc nh theo quan h:

( ) N aA bB cC
o
N
I I I I j , , .j
I , , .j , A
- - - -
-
= + + = + + +
(
= + ~ Z

20 20 6 2117 23 1822
13 7883 3 1822 14 151 13

Dng hiu dng qua dy trung tnh l 14,16 A.

CH : Trong th d 3.7, mc d mch 3 pha khng cn bng nhng c thm cc iu kin:
tng tr ng dy khng ng k v trung tnh ngun ni n trung tnh ti; nn p t ln
hai u ca tng pha ti u Y chnh l cc p pha ngun . p dng kt qu ny chng ta xc
nh cng sut phc cho tng pha ti .

Cng sut phc tiu th trn pha ti AN:
( ) A aA
AN
S Z . I j. . .j VA
- -
(
= = + = +

2
2
6 0 20 2400 0

Cng sut phc tiu th trn pha ti BN:
( )
( )
o o
BN bB
BN
S Z . I . , .j VA
- -
(
= = Z = Z ~ +

2
2
6 30 20 2400 30 2078 46 1200
aA
I
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
aA bB
I I
- -
| |
| +
|
\ .
Nn
I
-
an
V
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-

HNH 3.22: Gin vector phase dng v p trong th d 3.7.


111

Cng sut phc tiu th trn pha ti CN:
( )
( )
o o
CN CN cC cC cC cC
CN CN
CN
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I .
S , , .j VA
- -
- - - - - -
-
= = = = Z = Z
(
~ +

2
2
5 45 24 2880 45
2036 47 2036 47

Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3 pha hay c cp bi ngun p 3 pha l:
( ) ( ) t AN BN CN
o
t
S S S S , j. , j. .
S , .j , VA
- - - -
-
= + + = + + + +
(
~ + ~ Z

2400 2078 46 1200 2036 47 2036 47
6515 3236 47 7274 61 26 41

3.3.2. TRNG HP NGUN Y TI A:
Vi bi ton mch 3 pha c ngun p 3 pha cn bng u Y v ph ti khng cn
bng u A; chng ta thng gp hai trng hp:

Tng tr ng dy ng k .
Tng tr ng dy khng ng k.

Vi mch 3 pha ngun Y ti A, khng cn bng,
d
Z = 0; mun gii mch chng ta p dng
phng trnh dng mt li.
Trong trng hp
d
Z = 0 mch 3 pha cn bng c gii trc tip nhanh chng bng cch
p dng nh lut Ohm ; v lc ny p dy ngun ang cp trc tip vo 2 u ca mi nhnh
pha ti A. iu quan trng cn ch khi gii bi ton ny l quan h gia dng pha qua ti v
dng dy cp n ti.

TH D 3.8:
Cho mch 3 pha gm ngun p 3 pha
th t thun, u Y,
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

200 0 ;
tng tr ng dy khng ng k
d
Z = 0;
ti 3 pha khng cn bng u A vi tng tr
mi nhnh pha ti l:
AB
Z j
(
= + O

16 12 ;
BC
Z
(
= O

20 ;
CA
Z j
(
= O

20 . Xc nh:
a./ Dng pha phc qua mi nhnh ti.
b./ Dng dy phc t ngun n ti.
c./ Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti.

GII:
a./ Dng pha phc qua mi nhnh ti.
Khi tng tr ng dy
d
Z = 0, cc im a v A ng th, tng t cho trng hp b v
B cng nh c v C. p dng nh lut Ohm ta c:

Dng pha phc qua nhnh pha ti AB:
o o
AB ab
AB
o
AB AB
V V
I A
j
Z Z
- -
-
Z Z
(
= = = = = Z

+
Z
0
200 3 30 200 3 30
10 3 6 87
16 12
20 36 87

-
+
-
+
-
+
an
V
-
a
b
c
n
A
B
C
BC
Z
AB
Z
aA
I
-
bn
V
-
cn
V
-
bB
I
-
cC
I
-
CA
Z
AB
I
-
BC
I
-
CA
I
-


112

Dng pha phc qua nhnh pha ti BC:
o
BC bc
BC
BC BC
V V
I .j A
Z Z
- -
-
Z
(
= = = =

200 3 90
10 3
20

Dng pha phc qua nhnh pha ti CA:
o o
CA ca
o
CA
o
CA CA
V V
I A
j
Z Z
- -
-
Z Z
(
= = = = = Z

Z
200 3 210 200 3 210
10 3 60
20
20 90

b./ Dng dy phc t ngun n ti.

p dng nh lut Kirchhoff 1 ti cc nt A,B,C hay cc quan h (3.33) n (3.35) ta c:

Dng dy phc t a n A:
aA AB CA
aA
I I I , , j
I , A
- - -
-
= = Z Z ~
(
~ Z

0 0
0
10 3 6 87 10 3 60 8 5359 17 0718
19 087 63 44

Dng dy phc t b n B:
bB BC AB
bB
I I I .j , , j
I , A
- - -
-
= = Z ~ +
(
~ Z

0
0
10 3 10 3 6 87 17 1961 15 2487
22 983 138 44

Dng dy phc t a n A:
cC CA BC
aA
I I I .j , , j
I , A
- - -
-
= = Z ~
(
~ Z

0
0
10 3 60 10 3 8 66025 2 32051
8 966 15

c./ Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti.

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti AB:
( )
( )
AB ab AB AB AB AB
AB AB
o
AB
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I j . .j
S VA
- -
- - - - - -
-
= = = = + = +
(
= Z

2
2
16 12 10 3 4800 3600
6000 36 87

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti BC:
( )
( )
BC bc BC BC BC BC
BC BC
o
BC
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I . .j
S VA
- -
- - - - - -
-
= = = = = +
(
= Z

2
2
20 10 3 6000 0
6000 0

Cng sut phc tiu th trn nhnh ti AB:
( )
( )
CA ca CA CA CA CA
CA CA
o
CA
S V . I Z . I . I Z . I j . .j
S VA
- -
- - - - - -
-
= = = = = +
(
= Z

2
2
20 10 3 0 6000
6000 90


113

Cng sut phc tng tiu th ti 3 pha:
( ) t AB BC CA
o
t
S S S S .j j .j
S VA , KVA
- - - -
-
= + + = + + + = +
( (
~ Z Z

0
4800 3600 6000 6000 10800 9600
14450 41 63 14 45 41 63

BI TP CHNG 3

BI TP 3.1
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun, u Y: bit
o
bn
V V
-
(
= Z

200 0 , trung tnh
ngun n ni vo trung tnh N ca ti; tng tr ca cc ng dy t ngun n ti khng ng k.
Ti 3 pha khng cn bng u Y, cho : | | O = 10 Z
CN
; | | O = j 10 Z
BN ; | | O + = j 6 8 Z
AN
. Tnh:
a./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-
cp n ti .
b./ Cng sut biu kin cung cp cho ti CN Z .
c./ Dng hiu dng qua dy trung tnh nN .

P S : a./
o
A
(
Z

20 83 13 ; b./ 4 KVA ; c./ 19,05 A

BI TP 3.2
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun u Y:
o
bn
V [V]
-
= Z 208 0 ; | | O = 0 Z
day ; ti
3 pha cn bng u A, tng tr pha ti l
p
Z j
(
= + O

24 36 . Xc nh:
a./ p dy phc
AB
V
-
.
b./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-
t ngun n ti l [A]:

P S : a./
o
V
(
Z

360 150 ; b./
o
, A
(
Z

14 42 63 69
BI TP 3.3
o
cn
V [V]
-
= Z 240 120 ;
| | O = 0 Zday ; ti 3 pha cn bng u A, tng tr pha ti l
p
Z j
(
= O

16 12 . Tnh:
a./ p dy phc
AB
V
-
.
b./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-
t ngun n ti.
c./ Cng sut biu kin tng cung cp bi ngun.
P S : a./
o
V
(
Z

240 3 150 ; b./
o
A
(
Z

36 203 13 ; c./ 25,92 KVA
BI TP 3.4
o
bn
V V
-
(
= Z

215 0 ; day Z 0
(
= O

.
Ti A cn bng tiu th cng sut tc dng l 7,74 kW, mi tng tr pha ti c HSCS l 0,8 tr .

a./ Dng dy Hiu Dng I
aA

b./ Cng sut biu kin cung cp bi ngun

P S : a./ 15 A ; b./ 9675 VA


114
BI TP 3.5
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun u Y; | |
-
= Z
o
cn V 200 0 V ; trung tnh tgun n
ni vo trung tnh N ca ti. ng dy t ngun n ti c Tng Tr khng ng k. Ti 3 pha
khng cn bng, u Y : | | = O CN Z 10j ; | | = O BN Z 10 ; | | = + O AN Z 8 6j . Xc nh:
a./ Dng dy phc aA I
-
cp n ti .
b./ Tng Cng Sut Tc Dng cp n ti 3 pha .
c./ Dng Hiu Dng qua dy trung tnh Nn .

P S : a./
o
20 156 87 Z [A]; b./ 7,2 KW ; c./ 30,3 A

BI TP 3.6
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun,
u Y; vi
o
bn
V V
-
(
= Z

144 0 ; day Z 0
(
= O

.
Ti A cn bng c tng tr pha
p
Z , , j
(
= + O

9 8 15 09 . Xc nh:
a./ Dng dy phc
-
aA I .
b./ Cng sut tc dng tng tiu th trong ti.
c./ in dung t C
2
nng HSCS ca ti ln n 0,925 tr khi ghp song song mi tng tr pha
ca ti vi mt t in ny. Bit tn s ngun p l f = 50 Hz.

P S : a./
o
63 24 Z [A] ; b./ 5649 W ; c./ 109 F

BI TP 3.7

Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun, u Y. Tng tr ng dy : = O day Z 0 . Ti A
cn bng c tng tr pha | | = + O
p
Z 9 12j . Cng sut tc dng tiu th trong mi nhnh ti l :
5810 W. Xc nh:
a./ Dng dy hiu dng I
aA
.
b./ p pha hiu dng V
an
P S : a./ 44 A ; b./ 220 V

BI TP 3.8
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun, u Y;
o
bn
V [V]
-
= Z 200 0 ; | | O = 0 Zday ; ti
A cn bng c tng tr pha l
p
Z j
(
= + O

12 9 . Xc nh:
a./ p dy phc
AB
V
-
. P S : a./
o
A
(
Z

200 3 150 ; b./
o
A
(
Z

40 83 13
b./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-

BI TP 3.9
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun
o
an
V V
-
(
= Z

200 0 , ti 3 pha cn bng u A
p
Z j
(
= + O

1
24 18 . Xc nh:
a./ Cng sut phc tiu th trn ti 3 pha .
b./ HSCS ca ti 3 pha tng hp nu u thm ti 3
pha cn bng u Y
p
Z
(
= O

2
20 .
an U
-
bn U
-
cn U
-
p Z
p Z
p Z
aA I
-
an
V
-
bn V
-
cn
V
-
1 p Z
1 p Z
1 p Z
2 p Z 2 p Z
2 p Z


115
c./ Dng dy phc
aA
I
-
sau khi u thm ti
p
Z
2
.
d./ S ch ca Watt k.
P S : a./
( )
, , .j KVA
(
+

9 6 7 2 ; b./ 0,908 ; c./ 28,6 A ; d./ - 4,16 KW

BI TP 3.10
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun, u Y, cung cp in cho ti ba pha cn bng
u Y qua mt ng dy ba pha c in tr 1O/pha. Cho tng tr pha ca ti l (11 + 16j)[O],
o
an
V [V]
-
= Z 220 23 . Xc nh:
a./ Cng sut biu kin pht ra t ngun 3 pha .
b./ p phc
BC
U
-
ti ti. P S : a./ , KVA 7 26 ; b./
o
V
(
Z

370 64 64

BI TP 3.11
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng c p dy 380V cp in cho ti tng hp T gm 3 ti 3 pha
cn bng T1, T2, T3 u song song:

TI 1: P
1
= 240 kW; cos
1
= 0,8 tr.
TI 2: S
2
= 400 kVA; cos
2
= 0,6 tr.
TI 3: P
3
= 222 kW; Q
3
= 323 kVAR; HSCS sm.
Xc nh :
a./ Dng dy ngun cp cho T .
b./ H s cng sut ca ti T.
c./ Cng sut biu kin tiu th bi T. P S : a./ 1100 A ; b./ 0,97 tr ; c./ 724 KVA

BI TP 3.12
Cho ngun p 3 pha cn bng th t thun
u Y,
o
an
V [V]
-
= Z 150 0 ; ng dy khng
tng tr; cc ti 3 pha cn bng
p
Z j [ ] = O
1
9 12 .
Xc nh :
a./ Dng phc
BC
I
-
.
b./ Cng sut phc cp cho ti 3 pha tng hp khi
u thm ti 3 pha ] [ j 10 5 Z
2 p
O + = .
c./ Dng dy hiu dng I
aA
.

P S : a./
o
, A
(
Z

17 3 36 87 ; b./ (10,8 5,4.j) [KVA] ; c./ 27 A

an V
-
bn V
-
cn V
-
p Z 1
p Z 1
p Z 1
p Z 2 p Z 2 p Z 2
aA I
-

KTDDT03

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

KTDDT03

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

i hc Bch Khoa Tp H Ch Minh Khoa in in T Phng Th Nghim My in v Thc Tp in- 2009

You might also like