Professional Documents
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บัญชียาหลักแห่งชาติ
บัญชียาหลักแห่งชาติ
.. 2556 7 .. 2556
1. Gastro-intestinal system
1.1 Antacids and other drugs for dyspepsia
1.2 Antispasmodics and other drugs altering gut motility
1.3 Ulcer-healing drugs and drugs used in variceal bleeding
1.4 Drugs used in acute diarrhea
1.5 Drugs used in chronic bowel disorders
1.6 Laxatives
1.7 Local preparations for anal and rectal disorders
1.8 Drugs affecting intestinal secretions
2. Cardiovascular system
2.1 Positive inotropic drugs
2.2 Diuretics
2.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs
1
11.1.3 Antifungals
11.1.4 Antivirals
11.2 Corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory preparations
11.3 Mydriatics and cycloplegics
11.4 Drugs for treatment of glaucoma
11.5 Local anaesthetics
11.6 Tear deficiency, ocular lubricants and astringents
11.7 Ocular diagnostic and peri-operative preparations and photodynamic
treament
12. Ear, nose, oropharynx and oral cavity
12.1 Drugs acting on the ear
12.1.1 Otitis externa & otitis media
12.1.2 Drug used in otomycosis
12.1.3 Other drugs acting on the ear
12.2 Drugs acting on the nose
12.2.1 Drugs used in nasal allergy
12.2.2 Topical nasal decongestants
12.3 Drugs acting on the oropharynx and oral cavity
12.3.1 Drugs used in treatment of oral ulcer
12.3.2 Oropharyngeal antifungal drugs
12.3.3 Antiseptics for root canal treatment
12.3.4 Drugs used in prevention and treatment of dental plaque and caries
12.3.5 Other dental preparations
13. Skin
13.1 Anti-infective skin preparations
13.1.1 Antibacterial preparations
13.1.2 Antifungal preparations
13.1.3 Parasiticidal preparations
13.2 Emollient and barrier preparations
13.3 Topical antipruritics
7
1. Gastro-intestinal system
1. Gastro-intestinal system
1.1 Antacids and other drugs for dyspepsia
1. Aluminium hydroxide + Magnesium hydroxide
chewable tab, tab, susp, susp (hosp)
2. Simeticone (Simethicone)
chewable tab, susp
2. Domperidone
tab (as base/maleate), susp (as base/maleate)
4. Metoclopramide
tab, syr, sterile sol
5. Mebeverine hydrochloride
tab
2. Ranitidine hydrochloride
film coated tab
3. Omeprazole sodium
sterile pwdr
4. Ranitidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
10
5. Pantoprazole sodium
sterile pwdr
6. Sucralfate
tab, susp
7. Bismuth subsalicylate
tab
1. variceal bleeding endoscopy sclerotherapy
2. varicose vein hemorrhoid
11
9. Octreotide acetate
sterile sol ( 0.1 mg/ 1 ml )
12
- Sodium chloride 2.6 g
- Trisodium citrate dihydrate 2.9 g
- Potassium chloride 1.5 g
- Glucose 13.5 g
molar concentration
- Glucose 75 mEq
- Sodium 75 mEq
- Chloride 65 mEq
- Potassium 20 mEq
- Citrate 10 mmol
- Osmolarity 245 mOsm
13
2. Zinc sulfate
oral sol (hosp)
5
10-14
3. Loperamide hydrochloride
cap, tab
12
14
2. Mesalazine (Mesalamine)
EC tab , rectal supp
1. sulfasalazine
2. ulcerative colitis ( sigmoid rectum) radiation
proctitis
1.6 Laxatives
1. Bisacodyl
EC tab, rectal supp
2. Castor oil
oil
3. Glycerol
rectal supp
4. Senna
tab
5. Magnesium hydroxide
susp, susp (hosp)
15
6. Magnesium sulfate
mixt, mixt (hosp), sol, sol (hosp)
7. Sodium phosphates
enema
100 ml
- Sodium biphosphate 15.2-16.8 g
- Sodium phosphate 5.7-6.3 g
8. Lactulose
syr
16
5 ml
- Sodium biphosphate 0.9 g
- Sodium phosphate 2.4 g
1. 45 90 24
2.
3.
1
1.
2. 7
17
1. Colestyramine (Cholestyramine)
oral pwdr
pancreatic insufciency
3. Ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursodiol)
cap
18
2. Cardiovascular system
2.1 Positive inotropic drugs
1. Digoxin
tab, elixir, sterile sol
2. Milrinone lactate
sterile sol
1.
2. dopamine dobutamine advanced heart failure
3. advanced heart failure beta blocker
2.2 Diuretics
1. Furosemide
tab, sterile sol
2. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
tab
3. Mannitol
sterile sol
19
4. Spironolactone
tab
supraventricular arrhythmias
2. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol
symptomatic bradycardia
20
ventricular arrhythmias
4. Magnesium sulfate
sterile sol
21
7. Flecainide acetate
tab
8. Propafenone hydrochloride
tab
1.
2. refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias
2. Metoprolol tartrate
immediate release tab
3. Propranolol hydrochloride
tab
22
4. Carvedilol
tab
23
1. Hydralazine hydrochloride
tab, sterile pwdr
hypertensive emergencies
hypertensive emergencies target organ damage (TOD) hypertensive encephalopathy,
acute pulmonary edema, eclampsia diastolic 120-130 mmHg
2. Sodium nitroprusside
sterile pwdr
hypertensive emergencies ( )
2.5.2 Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs
1. Methyldopa
tab
2.5.3 Alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs
24
1. Prazosin hydrochloride
tab
2. Doxazosin mesilate
immediate release tab
2. Captopril
tab
hypertensive urgency
hypertensive emergencies
captopril
2 hypertensive urgency (severe elevated blood pressure) target
organ
damage (TOD) diastolic 120-130 mmHg
25
1. Losartan potassium
tab ( 50, 100 mg)
3. Isosorbide mononitrate
tab
26
urgency angina pectoris
1. Amlodipine besilate
tab
2. Diltiazem hydrochloride
slow release cap/tab ( 120 mg) controlled release
ischemic heart disease (IHD)
27
4. Diltiazem hydrochloride
immediate release tab
1. hypertensive emergencies
2. (alternative drug) sodium nitroprusside
glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin)
6. Nifedipine
SR cap/SR tab ( 20 mg)
1. methyldopa hydralazine
2. intractable Raynauds phenomenon
28
7. Nimodipine
tab, sterile sol
subarachnoid
hemorrhage
2.6.3 Other vasodilators
29
2.7 Sympathomimetics
30
2.7 Sympathomimetics
2.7.1 Inotropic sympathomimetics
1. Dopamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
3. Dobutamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
31
1. Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
sterile sol
2.8 Anticoagulants
1. Warfarin sodium
tab
2. Heparin sodium
sterile sol
3. Enoxaparin sodium
sterile sol
32
4. Fondaparinux
sterile sol (2.5 mg/0.5 ml)
www.nlem.in.th
33
2. Clopidogrel bisulfate
tab
1. aspirin
(secondary prevention)
2. aspirin (stent) 1
3. aspirin acute coronary syndrome
recurrent thrombotic events
4. non-ST elevated acute coronary
syndrome clopidogrel aspirin 1
clopidogrel aspirin
aspirin clopidogrel
34
3. Dipyridamole
sterile sol
4. Eptifibatide
sterile sol
5. Ticlopidine hydrochloride
tab
clopidogrel atrial brillation
neutropenia 2 3
35
1. Streptokinase
sterile pwdr
1. myocardial ischaemia
streptokinase streptokinase 1
2. acute arterial ischaemic stroke
3. Massive pulmonary embolism massive bleeding
hemodynamic instability
4. acute vascular access thombosis ( A-V stula A-V graft
hemodialysis)
2.11 Haemostatics
36
1. Tranexamic acid
sterile sol
tranexamic acid
3
3
2. Tranexamic acid
cap
1.
2.
3. (menorrhagia)
37
1.
hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, von Willebrand's disease
congenital factor VII deciency
2.
4. Factor VIII concentrate, dried
sterile preparation for intravenous use
(1)
38
(1)
(1)
2. Nicotinic acid
immediate release tab
39
3. Simvastatin
tab ( 10, 20 40 mg)
1. (adjunct therapy)
2.
2.1 (secondary prevention)
2.2.1
(coronary heart disease
risk equivalent)
LDL-C
130 mg/dL 100 mg/dL
2.2.1.3 10
40
2.2.1.3 10
Framingham score (general cardiovascular
disease: 10-year risk) 20%
2.2.2.
1)
2) (
140/90 )
55
65
5)
45
55
2.2.2.1 0-1 LDL-C 190 mg/dL
160 mg/dL
2.2.2.2 2
10
Framingham score
130 mg/dL
1. simvastatin 40 mg 1
42
4. Colestyramine (Cholestyramine)
oral pwdr
5. Fenofibrate
cap ( 100, 200 300 mg)
43
6. Atorvastatin
tab ( 40 mg)
1. simvastatin 40 mg 6
LDL-C
( simvastatin)
2. simvastatin alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) 3
(upper limit of normal) Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) 5
1. atorvastatin cyclosporine, HIV protease inhibitor (tipranavir +
ritonavir), hepatitis C protease inhibitor
(telaprevir)
2. atorvastatin
2.1 40 mg nelnavir
2.2 20 mg clarithromycin, itraconazole, HIV protease
inhibitor (saquinavir + ritonavir, darunavir +
ritonavir, fosamprenavir, fosamprenavir + ritonavir)
3. atorvastatin lopinavir + ritonavir atorvastatin
44
3. Respiratory system
3.1 Bronchodilators
3.1.1 Adrenoceptor agonists
1. Procaterol hydrochloride
syr
2. Salbutamol sulfate
tab, aqueous sol, DPI, MDI, sol for nebulizer
3. Terbutaline sulfate
tab, syr, sterile sol
4. Terbutaline sulfate
sol for nebulizer
5. Procaterol hydrochloride
tab
45
3.1.3 Theophylline
1. Aminophylline
tab, sterile sol
2. Theophylline
SR cap , SR tab
theophylline syr
3.2 Corticosteroids
1. Beclometasone dipropionate
DPI, MDI
2. Budesonide
DPI, MDI, susp for nebulizer
3. Fluticasone
susp for nebulizer
46
4. Fluticasone
MDI
potency
5. Budesonide + Formoterol
DPI
1.
2. long acting beta2-agonist (LABA) formoterol salmeterol
6. Fluticasone + Salmeterol
DPI, MDI
Budesonide + Formoterol
47
1. Montelukast sodium
chewable tab ( 4 5 mg ), lm coated tab ( 10 mg )
neuropsychiatric
3.4 Antihistamines
(placebo)
1. Brompheniramine maleate
tab, syr
3. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride
cap, sterile sol
4. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
tab, syr
48
5. Cetirizine hydrochloride
tab, syr
6. Loratadine
tab, syr
1.
Poractant alfa Beractant
2.
49
1. Ammonium carbonate and senega mixture
mixt (hosp)
2. Glyceryl guaiacolate
tab, syr
50
(hypnotics)
1. Chloral hydrate
oral sol (hosp)
4
2. Chlordiazepoxide
cap,tab
4
3. Diazepam
cap, tab, sterile sol
4
4. Lorazepam
tab
4
5. Clonazepam
tab
51
6. Dipotassium clorazepate
cap, tab
4
7. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride
tab, syr
8. Alprazolam
tab
2. Fluphenazine
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as decanoate)
3. Haloperidol
tab (as base), oral sol (as base), sterile sol (as base or decanoate)
52
4. Perphenazine
tab
5. Trifluoperazine hydrochloride
tab
6. Clozapine
tab
1.
2.
7. Flupentixol (Flupenthixol)
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as decanoate)
8. Pimozide
tab
1.
2.
53
9. Risperidone
tab ( ) , oral sol, oral sol/syr (hosp)
1.
2.
3.
5
10. Thioridazine hydrochloride
tab
11. Zuclopenthixol
tab (as hydrochloride), sterile sol/sterile emulsion (as acetate or decanoate)
4.2.2 Antimanic drugs
1. Carbamazepine
tab
54
2. Lithium carbonate
cap, tab
3. Sodium valproate
EC tab, oral sol
4. Carbamazepine
SR tab
5. Sodium valproate
SR tab
6. Lamotrigine
tab ( 25, 50, 100 mg)
2. Fluoxetine hydrochloride
cap, tab
55
3. Imipramine hydrochloride
tab
4. Nortriptyline hydrochloride
tab
5. Mianserin hydrochloride
tab
6. Clomipramine hydrochloride
tab
7. Sertraline
tab ( 50 mg)
1.
2.
8. Trazodone hydrochloride
tab
56
1. Methylphenidate
tab (10 mg)
2
2. Metoclopramide
tab, syr, sterile sol
3. Ondansetron
tab (as base or hydrochloride), sterile sol (hydrochloride)
57
Aspirin EC tab
18 Reye's syndrome
58
3. Ibuprofen
film coated tab, susp
NSAIDs ibuprofen
1.
2. 3
3.
4.7 Analgesics
4.7.1 Opioid analgesics
1. Buprenorphine hydrochloride
sublingual tab, sterile sol
2
2. Codeine phosphate
tab
59
3. Fentanyl
sterile sol (as citrate), transdermal therapeutic system (as base)
4. Methadone hydrochloride
tab, oral sol
2
5. Morphine sulfate
cap, tab, SR cap, SR tab, oral sol, sterile sol
2
6. Nalbuphine hydrochloride
sterile sol
7. Pethidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
8. Tramadol hydrochloride
cap, tab, SR cap, SR tab, sterile sol
60
1. Amitriptyline hydrochloride
film coated tab
2. Carbamazepine
tab
3. Nortriptyline hydrochloride
tab
4. Carbamazepine
SR tab
5. Gabapentin
cap ( 100, 300, 400 mg), tab ( 600 mg)
4.7.3 Antimigraine drugs
4.7.3.1 Drugs for acute migraine attack
61
1. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
tab
62
2. Propranolol hydrochloride
tab
3. Cyproheptadine hydrochloride
tab
4. Sodium valproate
EC tab, SR tab
5. Topiramate
tab
1.
2.
4.8 Antiepileptics
4.8.1 Drugs used in the control of epilepsy
1. Carbamazepine
tab, syr, susp
2. Magnesium sulfate
sterile sol
63
3. Phenobarbital
tab (as base)
4. Phenytoin base
chewable tab
5. Phenytoin sodium
cap, SR cap
6. Sodium valproate
EC tab, oral sol
post- traumatic seizure
7. Carbamazepine
SR tab
8. Clonazepam
tab
4
9. Sodium valproate
SR tab
64
10. Lamotrigine
tab ( 25, 50, 100 mg)
11. Levetiracetam
tab ( 250 500 mg)
1.
2.
12. Nitrazepam
tab
infantile spasms
13. Topiramate
cap, tab
65
14. Vigabatrin
tab
1.
2.
infantile spasms
4.8.2 Drugs used in status epilepticus
1. Diazepam
sterile sol
4
2. Phenobarbital sodium (Phenobarbitone sodium)
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
4
3. Phenytoin sodium
sterile sol
4. Sodium valproate
sterile pwdr
66
5. Midazolam hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
4
2. Levodopa + Benserazide as hydrochloride (Co-beneldopa)
cap/tab (200+50 mg)
4. Propranolol hydrochloride
tab
essential tremor
5. Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
tab
67
6. Baclofen
tab
7. Clonazepam
tab
4
8. Levodopa + Benserazide as hydrochloride (Co-beneldopa)
CR cap/dispersible tab (100+25 mg)
9. Bromocriptine mesilate
tab
10. Entacapone
tab
11. Piribedil
SR tab ( 50 mg)
68
(2)
Disulram
acetaldehyde
4.10.2 Drugs used in smoking cessation
69
heroin withdrawal
2. Methadone hydrochloride
oral sol
70
5. Infections
5.1 Antibacterial drugs
5.1.1 Penicillins
1. Amoxicillin trihydrate
cap,dry syr
2. Ampicillin sodium
sterile pwdr
3. Cloxacillin sodium
sterile pwdr
4. Dicloxacillin sodium
cap, dry syr
6. Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
sterile pwdr (as sodium or potassium)
71
H. influenzae / M. catarrhalis
1.
ampicillin
2.
aerobes anaerobes
72
ampicillin beta1.
lactamase
2.
aerobes anaerobes
12. Ampicillin sodium + Sulbactam sodium
sterile pwdr
73
S. aureus penicillin
E. coli
74
2. Cefazolin sodium
sterile pwdr
3. Cefuroxime axetil
tab, dry syr
ampicillin M. catarrhalis
1. H. influenzae
2. co-amoxiclav penicillins
4. Cefotaxime sodium
sterile pwdr
kernicterus
1.
ceftriaxone
2. 1
75
5. Ceftriaxone sodium
sterile pwdr
4.
aminoglycosides
5. Gonococcus
6. Ceftazidime
sterile pwdr
76
7. Cefixime
cap, dry syr
1) switch therapy
2) Ceftriaxone
8. Cefoperazone sodium + Sulbactam sodium
sterile pwdr
77
9. Cefoxitin sodium
sterile pwdr
1. (alternative drug)
2. Non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium sp. (atypical mycobacterium)
rapid growers
beta-lactamase inducer
78
10. Ertapenem
sterile pwdr
Ertapenem 1 g 984.40 ( )
730
www.nlem.in.th
1.
79
12. Meropenem
sterile pwdr
Imipenem+Cilastatin sodium
5.1.3 Tetracyclines
1. Doxycycline hyclate (Doxycycline hydrochloride)
cap, tab
2. Tetracycline hydrochloride
cap, tab
5.1.4 Aminoglycosides
streptomycin sulfate, amikacin sulfate kanamycin sulfate Antituberculous
drugs
1. Neomycin sulfate
tab
2. Gentamicin sulfate
sterile sol
80
3. Amikacin sulfate
sterile sol
gentamicin / netilmicin
gentamicin amikacin
5.1.5 Macrolides
81
1. Erythromycin estolate
susp /dry syr
2. Erythromycin stearate or succinate
dry syr
3. Roxithromycin
cap/tab ( 100 150 mg)
4. Azithromycin
cap ( ) , dry syrup ( )
1.
2. non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM)
3. azithromycin 2 early
syphilis penicillin doxycycline ceftriaxone
82
5. Azithromycin
sterile pwdr
atypical pathogen
1.
legionellosis
2. severe rickettsiosis
6. Clarithromycin
tab, dry syr
1.
2. non-tuberculous Mycobacterium sp. (atypical
mycobacterium)
3. triple therapy quardruple therapy H. pylori
complicated ulcer NSAIDs
5.1.6 Quinolones
83
1. Norfloxacin
tab
2. Ofloxacin
tab ( 100, 200 mg)
(alternative drug)
(sequential therapy switch therapy)
84
4. Ciprofloxacin lactate
sterile sol
1.
beta-lactam
/ aminoglycoside
2. empiric therapy 3 beta-lactam /
aminoglycoside severe hospital-acquired
pneumonia
85
5. Levofloxacin hemihydrate
tab ( 500 mg)
moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia lower respiratory
tract infection Drug-Resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) pathogen
86
6. Levofloxacin hemihydrate
sterile sol
moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia lower respiratory
tract infection Drug-Resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) pathogen
atypical pneumonia
1. rickettsiosis (scrub typhus, murine typhus)
2. Metronidazole
cap/tab (as base), susp (as benzoate), sterile sol (as base)
87
3. Clindamycin
cap (as hydrochloride), sterile sol (as phosphate)
1.
anaerobes,
beta-lactam type I (anaphylaxis
urticaria)
anaerobe
2. (alternative drug) Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia (PCP)
3.
1 2
Antibiotics Associated Colitis (AAC)
AAC amoxicillin
88
4. Lincomycin hydrochloride
sterile sol
(methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus
Streptococcus)
5. Nitrofurantoin
tab
recurrent
( amoxicillin cephalexin)
6. Colistimethate sodium (Sodium colistinmethanesulphonate)
sterile pwdr
carbapenems
89
7. Fosfomycin sodium
sterile pwdr
8. Sodium fusidate
tab
9. Vancomycin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr
90
10. Linezolid
tab
(2)
www.nlem.in.th
5.1.8 Sulphonamides and trimethoprim
1. Sulfadiazine
tab
toxoplasmosis
2. Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (Co-trimoxazole)
cap, tab, susp, sterile sol
91
3. Trimethoprim
tab
Pneumocystis jirovecii
sulfonamides
5.1.9 Antituberculous drugs
1. Ethambutol hydrochloride
film coated tab
2. Isoniazid
tab
3. Pyrazinamide
tab
4. Rifampicin
cap, tab, dry syr, syr, susp
5. Streptomycin sulfate
sterile pwdr
92
7. Isoniazid + Rifampicin
cap/tab ( 100+150 mg 150+300 mg)
maintenance
8. Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide
tab ( 75 + 150 + 400 mg)
initial maintenance
9. Isoniazid + Rifampicin + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol hydrochloride
tab ( 75 + 150 + 400 + 275 mg)
initial
93
5.1.4 Aminoglycosides
11. Cycloserine
cap
amikacin sulfate
12. Ethionamide
tab
amikacin sulfate
13. Kanamycin sulfate
sterile pwdr
amikacin sulfate
94
14. Ofloxacin
tab ( 100, 200 mg)
(alternative drug)
5.1.6 Quinolones
15. Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
EC tab
amikacin sulfate
16. Levofloxacin hemihydrate
tab ( 500 mg), sterile sol
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) second-line therapy
5.1.6 Quinolones
5.1.10 Antileprotic drugs
95
2. Dapsone
tab
1. invasive fungal infection
2. dermatomycoses
2. Griseofulvin
tab
3. Ketoconazole
tab
4. Nystatin
oral susp
96
6. Itraconazole
cap
97
9. Itraconazole
oral sol
1.
2. (alternative drug) invasive fungal infection
10. Liposomal amphotericin B
sterile pwdr
(2)
www.nlem.in.th
98
11. Voriconazole
tab, sterile pwdr
(2)
invasive aspergillosis 3
1. Voriconazole 50 mg 356.67 ( )
2. Voriconazole 200 mg 1,391.00
( )
3. Voriconazole 200 mg 4,199.75
( )
1-3 730
www.nlem.in.th
99
5.3.1 Non-antiretrovirals
Aciclovir topical (Aciclovir cream)
1. Aciclovir (Acyclovir)
oral susp, oral susp (hosp)
100
1. cytomegalovirus (CMV)
2.
101
5. Oseltamivir phosphate
cap, dry syr
(1)
5.3.2 Antiretrovirals
1. Atazanavir sulfate
cap
(1)
2. Didanosine (ddI)
tab, oral pwdr
(1)
3. Efavirenz
cap, tab
(1)
4. Indinavir sulfate
cap
(1)
5. Lamivudine (3TC)
tab ( 100, 150 mg), syr
(1)
102
(1)
7. Lopinavir + Ritonavir
cap, oral sol
(1)
8. Nelfinavir mesilate
tab, dry syr
(1)
9. Nevirapine
tab, susp
(1)
10. Ritonavir
cap, oral sol
(1)
11. Saquinavir
cap (as base or mesilate)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
103
(1)
(2)
(alternative drug) Lopinavir + Ritonavir
www.nlem.in.th
5.3.3 Viral hepatitis
104
1. Lamivudine (3TC)
tab ( 100, 150 mg)
105
1.
nucleoside analog (NRTI)
1.1 rescue
lamivudine tenofovir
1.2 HBV DNA 1,000 copies/ml ( 200 IU/ml)
nucleoside analog (NRTI)
lamivudine 24
2. HIV serology negative 2 3
HIV serology negative
106
3. Peginterferon alfa-2a
sterile sol
(2)
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2. Peginterferon alfa-2a 180 mcg (0.5 ml) syringe
3,150.00 ( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
107
4. Peginterferon alfa-2b
sterile pwdr
(2)
(genotype 2, 3)
3
www.nlem.in.th
2. Peginterferon alfa-2b 100 mcg redipen 3,150.00
( ) 730
www.nlem.in.th
108
5. Ribavirin
cap/tab ( 200 mg)
(2)
2. Primaquine phosphate
tab
109
3. Quinine
compressed/film coated tab (as sulfate), sterile sol (as dihydrochloride)
4. Artesunate
tab ( lactab rectocap), sterile pwdr
1.
2.
5. Mefloquine hydrochloride
tab
artesunate
5.4.2 Other antiprotozoal drugs
110
1. Metronidazole
cap/tab (as base), susp (as benzoate), sterile sol (as base)
Toxoplasma
3. Pentamidine isetionate (Pentamidine isethionate)
sterile pwdr
co Pneumocystis jirovecii
trimoxazole trimethoprim
5.5 Anthelmintics
1. Albendazole
tab, susp
111
2. Diethylcarbamazine citrate
tab
3. Mebendazole
tab, susp, susp (hosp)
4. Niclosamide
tab
5. Praziquantel
tab
7. Ivermectin
tab
5.6 Antiseptics
1. Chlorhexidine gluconate
sol (aqueous) ( 2% , 4% 5%) , sol/sol (hosp) ( 2% , 4% in 70% alcohol)
112
2. Ethyl alcohol
sol, sol (hosp), gel (hosp)
3. Gentian violet
sol (paint)
4. Hydrogen peroxide
sol
5. Potassium permanganate
pwdr (hosp)
6. Povidone-iodine
sol, sol (hosp)
113
6. Endocrine system
6.1 Drugs used in diabetes
6.1.1 Insulins
1. Biphasic isophane insulin (Soluble insulin + Isophane insulin)
sterile susp
114
4. Insulin aspart
sterile sol
www.nlem.in.th
115
Insulin aspart
www.nlem.in.th
116
6. Insulin glargine
sterile sol
insulin glargine
6.1.2 Oral antidiabetic drugs
1. Glibenclamide
tab ( 2.5, 5 mg)
117
2. Glipizide
tab
3. Metformin hydrochloride
tab
4. Acarbose
tab
5. Pioglitazone hydrochloride
tab ( 15, 30 mg)
118
6. Repaglinide
tab ( 0.5, 1, 2 mg)
sulfonylureas sulfonamides
6.1.3 Treatment of hypoglycemia
1. Diazoxide
tab
1. persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI
nesidioblastosis)
2. insulinoma
119
2. Liothyronine sodium
tab
2. Propylthiouracil
tab
4. Thiamazole (Methimazole)
tab
6.3 Corticosteroids
120
1. Dexamethasone
cap/tab (as base), sterile sol (as sodium phosphate or acetate)
2. Hydrocortisone
tab (as base) , sterile pwdr (as sodium succinate), sterile susp (as acetate)
3. Prednisolone
cap, tab
4. Fludrocortisone acetate
tab
121
5. Methylprednisolone
sterile pwdr/sterile susp (as hemisuccinate or sodium succinate or acetate)
1. induction
2. acute rejection (renal allograft acute rejection),SLE ,
glomerulonephritis , vasculitis,
aplastic anaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, demyelinating disease
122
6. Triamcinolone acetonide
sterile susp
1.
2. 1
2.1 2
2.2 3
3. (intralesional injection)
123
2. Norethisterone
tab
3. Conjugated estrogens
tab
4. Estradiol valerate
tab
5. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
sterile oily sol for inj
6. Conjugated estrogens
sterile pwdr
124
2. Cyproterone acetate
tab
(HCG test)
125
2. Tetracosactide (Cosyntropin)
sterile pwdr
3. Thyrotropin alfa
sterile pwdr
(2)
126
1. diabetes insipidus
2.
127
1. Calcitonin-salmon
sterile sol
128
2. Disodium pamidronate
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
3 60 - 90 mg 3 - 4
129
1. Bromocriptine mesilate
tab
(2)
central (gonadotrophin dependent) precocious puberty
3
www.nlem.in.th
130
2. Oxytocin
sterile sol
3. Alprostadil
sterile sol ( 0.5 mg/ml)
ductus arteriosus
4. Indomethacin sodium
sterile pwdr
131
5. Sulprostone
sterile pwdr
2. Nystatin
vaginal tab
3. Conjugated estrogens
vaginal cream
7.3 Contraceptives
1. Etonogestrel
implant 1 rod (68 mg/rod)
132
2. Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgestrel
tab ( 30 + 150 mcg)
3. Levonorgestrel
tab ( 750 mcg), implant 2 rods (75 mg/rod)
Levonorgestrel
4. Medroxyprogesterone acetate
sterile susp
5. Ethinylestradiol + Desogestrel
tab ( 20 + 150 mcg)
6. Lynestrenol
tab ( 0.5 mg)
133
2. Doxazosin mesilate
immediate release tab ( 2 4 mg)
3. Finasteride
tab ( 5 mg)
40 ml
Finasteride 1 mg
7.4.2 Drugs for urinary frequency enuresis, and incontinence
134
1. Oxybutynin hydrochloride
immediate release tab
7.4.3 Drugs used in alkalinisation of urine
1. Potassium citrate
oral sol (hosp), dry pwdr for oral sol (hosp)
135
2. Chlorambucil
tab
4. Melphalan
tab
136
5. Ifosfamide
sterile pwdr
2. Dactinomycin
sterile pwdr
3. Doxorubicin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr,sterile susp ,sterile sol
137
4. Idarubicin hydrochloride
sterile pwdr
138
8.1.3 Antimetabolites
1. Cytarabine
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
2. Fluorouracil (5-FU)
sterile sol
3. Mercaptopurine
tab
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium), sterile pwdr / sterile sol (as sodium)
5. Capecitabine
tab
139
6. Gemcitabine hydrochloride
sterile pwdr
adjuvant therapy stage III colorectal cancer 5-FU + leucovorin
basedregimen Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance
status 0 - 1
140
8. Tegafur + uracil
capsule (100/224 mg)
www.nlem.in.th
9. Tioguanine (Thioguanine)
tab
2. Vinblastine sulfate
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
141
3. Vincristine sulfate
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
2. Cisplatin
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
3. Carboplatin
sterile pwdr, sterile sol
4. Hydroxycarbamide (Hydroxyurea)
cap
142
6. Paclitaxel
sterile sol
143
7. Docetaxel
sterile sol
(2)
1.
3
2. second-line drug non-small cell
3
3.
3
144
8. Imatinib mesilate
tab ( 100 400 mg)
(2)
2. Prednisolone
cap, tab
3. Azathioprine
tab
multiple sclerosis
145
4. Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin)
cap, oral sol, oral susp, sterile sol
1. maintenance therapy microemulsion
2. mininal change disease (MCD) relapse
prednisolone
3. focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
cyclophosphamide
5. Methylprednisolone
sterile pwdr/sterile susp (as hemisuccinate or sodium succinate or acetate)
1. induction therapy
2. acute rejection (renal allograft acute rejection), SLE
, glomerulonephritis , vasculitis, aplastic anemia, idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura, demyelinating disease
146
induction therapy
8. Mycophenolate mofetil
cap
147
9. Tacrolimus
cap, sterile sol (concentrate for infusion)
1. maintenance therapy
ciclosporin severe gum hypertrophy, hirsutism
2. maintenance therapy acute rejection
3.
10. BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Gurin)
freeze-dried pwdr for bladder instillation
supercial bladder cancer
148
(2)
149
150
2. Letrozole
tab ( 2.5 mg)
(2)
hormone receptor
3
3. Megestrol acetate
tab
151
3. Frozen cryoprecipitate
6. Lyophilized cryoprecipitate
152
Rh-
153
Rh-
15. Packed red cell, irradiated
16. Packed red cell, leukocyte poor, irradiated
17. Platelets concentrate, irradiated
154
2. Oxymetholone
tab
16
155
4. Iron sucrose
sterile sol
156
(2)
3
8. Epoetin beta
sterile sol ( 2000, 3000, 5000 IU)
3
9.1.3 Drugs used in bone marrow transplantation
157
(2)
1. Filgrastim
sterile sol
1. progenitor cell
allogeneic autologous transplantation
2. febrile neutropenia
2.1 Profound neutropenia absolute neutrophil count 100 /mm3
2.2 bacterial pneumonia lobar pneumonia
septicemia
3. febrile neutropenia (primary prophylaxis)
3.1 febrile neutropenia
20
3.2 febrile neutropenia 10 - 20
65
performance status (Eastern Co-operative Oncology Group (ECOG)
performance status 2)
neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1,500/mm3)
158
2. Febrile neutropenia
1)
38.3C
2)
38.0 C 1
159
2. Lenograstim
sterile pwdr
lgrastim
3. Potassium acetate
sterile sol (hosp)
4. Potassium chloride
syr (hosp), elixir (hosp), compressed tab, EC tab, sterile sol
1. potassium chloride 180
2. potassium chloride elixir 2
160
5. Potassium citrate
oral sol (hosp), dry pwdr for oral sol (hosp)
6. Sodium acetate
sterile sol (hosp)
7. Sodium bicarbonate
tab, sterile sol
8. Sodium chloride
tab ( 300 mg), sterile sol
9.3 Vitamins
161
9.3 Vitamins
Multivitamins (mineral)
1. Folic acid
tab ( 400 mcg 5 mg)
2. Multivitamins
syr
8
- Vitamin A 1,300 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 1,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B6 0.5 mg
- Vitamin B12 0.9 mcg
- Niacinamide 6 mg
- Vitamin C 40 mg
1 - 3
162
3. Multivitamins
drop
8
- Vitamin A 1,300 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 1,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.3 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.4 mg
- Vitamin B6 0.3 mg
- Vitamin B12 0.5 mcg
- Niacinamide 4 mg
- Vitamin C 35 mg
6 - 11
163
4. Multivitamins
cap, tab
9
- Vitamin A 2,000 - 5,600 IU
- Vitamin D 200 - 2,000 IU
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Vitamin B12 1.8 mcg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
- Folic acid 300-1000 mcg
- Vitamin C 45 mg
9 - 12
5. Vitamin A
cap, tab ( 25,000-50,000 IU 1 cap/tab)
7. Vitamin B2
tab ( 10 mg)
164
B6 200
neuropathy
10. Vitamin C
tab ( 50, 100 mg)
rst -line drug D
12. Vitamin K1 (phytomenadione)
sterile sol
165
8
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Vitamin B12 1.8 mcg
- Folic acid 300 mcg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
- Pantothenic acid 4 mg
- Biotin 20 mcg
9 - 12
14. Vitamin C
sterile sol
166
4
- Vitamin B1 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B2 0.9 mg
- Vitamin B6 1.0 mg
- Niacinamide 12 mg
9 - 12
16. Alfacalcidol (1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3)
cap, tab
1. Kidney disease stage 5 ( end stage kidney disease)
hyperparathyroidism
2.
167
17. Vitamin E
emulsion (hosp), syr
1.
2.
/
9
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine,
histidine
arginine, cysteine, tyrosine taurine sugar alcohol
168
169
170
(parenteral nutrition)
171
172
Zn,Cu I
9.5 Minerals
1. Calcium carbonate
cap, tab
2. Calcium gluconate
sterile sol
173
3. Ferrous sulfate
cap, tab, oral sol, drop
4. Iodine
cap
1.
2. iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis
5. Magnesium hydroxide
tab, susp, susp (hosp)
6. Magnesium sulfate
sterile sol, oral sol, oral sol(hosp)
7. Sodium fluoride
tab, oral sol, oral sol(hosp)
uorosis
8. Trace element solution
oral sol (hosp)
Zn, Cu, I Cr
174
9. Zinc sulfate
oral sol (hosp), cap, tab, sterile sol (hosp)
175
2. Ferrous sulfate
tab ( 60 65 mg as iron)
3. Folic acid
tab ( 400 mcg 5 mg)
1.
2. 6
3. neural tube defect
5 mg
176
4. Potassium iodide
tab ( 150 mcg as iodine)
1.
2. 6
3.
1.
2. 6
177
1.
2. 6
3.
1.
2.
Wilsons disease
(teratogen)
178
2. Imiglucerase
sterile pwdr
(2)
Gaucher's disease
179
gout
2. Diclofenac sodium
EC tab, sterile sol
3. Ibuprofen
film coated tab, susp
1. NSAIDs ibuprofen
2. 3
3.
180
4. Indomethacin
cap
5. Naproxen
compressed tab (as base)
6. Piroxicam
cap (as base), compressed tab (as base), film coated tab (as base)
6
2. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate
tab
6
3. Azathioprine
tab
181
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium), sterile pwdr/sterile sol (as sodium)
CBC SGOT/SGPT
alkaline phosphate 3-6
5. Sulfasalazine
EC tab
6. Sodium aurothiomalate
sterile sol
7. Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin)
cap, oral sol, sterile sol
1. methotrexate
2.
10.1.3 Drugs for treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia
1. Colchicine
tab
182
2. Allopurinol
tab
acute gout
Steven-Johnson syndrome
(SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic
symptoms (DRESS)
( 4 )
allopurinol thiazide
3. Probenecid
film coated tab
acute gout
183
4. Benzbromarone
tab
acute gout
2. Neostigmine methylsulfate
sterile sol
184
muscle tone disability
1. Diazepam
cap, tab, sterile sol
2. Baclofen
tab
3. Tizanidine hydrochloride
tab
185
11. Eye
11.1 Anti-infective eye preparations
11.1.1 Antibacterials and eye wash solution
1.
2.
1. Boric acid
eye wash sol
2. Chloramphenicol
eye drop, eye oint
3. Tetracycline hydrochloride
eye oint
4. Gentamicin sulfate
eye drop, eye oint
gentamicin tobramycin
186
polymyxin B
systemic
6. Cyclosporine
eye drop (hosp)
Keratoconjuctivitis sicca
7. Fusidic acid
eye drop (in gel base)
187
polymyxin B
systemic
11.1.3 Antifungals
188
11.1.3 Antifungals
1. Natamycin
eye susp
11.1.4 Antivirals
1. Aciclovir (Acyclovir)
eye oint
189
2. Fluorometholone
eye susp (as base)
steroid glaucoma
steroid cataract
3. Prednisolone acetate
eye susp
1. /
2. stroma (endothelium)
steroid glaucoma
steroid cataract
4. Sodium cromoglicate (Cromolyn sodium)
eye drop
190
1. Atropine sulfate
eye drop
2. Cyclopentolate hydrochloride
eye drop
3. Phenylephrine hydrochloride
eye drop
4. Tropicamide
eye drop
2. Acetazolamide
tab
3. Pilocarpine
eye drop (as hydrochloride or nitrate)
4. Timolol maleate
eye drop
5. Betaxolol hydrochloride
eye susp, eye sol
191
6. Brimonidine tartrate
eye drop
1. topical beta-blockers
2. (adjunct therapy)
7. Brinzolamide
eye susp
8. Bimatoprost
eye drop
www.nlem.in.th
192
1. Tetracaine hydrochloride
eye drop
preservative
193
preservative
5. Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)
eye drop
mucus mucus
6. Dried protein-free dialysate of calf blood
eye gel
194
2. Carbachol
sterile sol for intraocular use
3. Diclofenac sodium with preservative
eye drop
4. Fluorescein sodium
sterile sol for inj
6. Sodium hyaluronate
sterile sol for intraocular use
195
7. Bevacizumab
sterile sol
(2)
196
197
2. Boric acid
ear drop (hosp) ( 3% in isopropyl alcohol)
3. Gentian violet
sol (hosp)
4. Clotrimazole
ear drop
Chloramphenicol
guideline
quinolones
198
2. Sodium bicarbonate
ear drop (hosp)
199
2. Fluticasone furoate
nasal spray
2
1.
2.
www.nlem.in.th
200
2. Sodium chloride
sterile sol (for irrigation) ( 0.9%)
3. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
nasal drop, nasal spray
2. Chlorhexidine gluconate
mouthwash sol / mouthwash sol (hosp) ( 0.1-0.2% w/v)
3. Fluocinolone acetonide
oral cream (hosp), oral gel (hosp), sol (hosp)
4. Talbot's solution
sol (hosp)
201
2. Miconazole nitrate
oral gel
3. Nystatin
oral susp
2. Camphorated phenol
sol (hosp)
3. Chlorhexidine gluconate
sol (hosp) ( 2% )
4. Clove oil
oil
202
5. EDTA
sol (hosp) ( 14% 17% )
12.3.4 Drugs used in prevention and treatment of dental plaque and caries
1. Chlorhexidine gluconate
mouthwash sol / mouthwash sol (hosp) ( 0.1-0.2%w/v)
2. Sodium fluoride
tab, oral sol
uorosis
12.3.5 Other dental preparations
1. Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
sterile sol
203
3. Hydrogen peroxide
mouthwash sol (1.5% w/v )
4. Sodium chloride
sterile sol
5. Special mouthwash
mouthwash sol (hosp)
chloroxylenol
6. Tincture of iodine (lodine in alcohol)
sol, sol (hosp)
7. Zinc oxide
pwdr (hosp)
remove
8. Zinc oxide with zinc acetate
pwdr (hosp)
204
9. Carnoy's solution
sol (hosp)
205
13. Skin
13.1 Anti-infective skin preparations
13.1.1 Antibacterial preparations
1. Sulfadiazine silver (Silver sulfadiazine)
cream
2. Fusidic acid
cream
3. Sodium fusidate
oint
4. Mupirocin
oint
206
2. Sodium thiosulfate
sol, sol (hosp)
3. Clotrimazole
cream
4. Ketoconazole
cream
2. Sulfur (Sulphur)
oint
3. Permethrin
cream ( 5%)
207
2. Mineral oil
oil (hosp)
3. Olive oil
oil
4. Urea
cream (hosp), oint (hosp)
5. White petrolatum
oint (hosp)
6. Zinc oxide
oint (hosp), paste (hosp)
7. Zinc sulfate
lotion (hosp)
208
1. Calamine
lotion, lotion (hosp)
systemic side-effect
1. Hydrocortisone acetate
cream
2. Prednisolone
cream
3. Betamethasone dipropionate
cream, oint
4. Betamethasone valerate
cream
209
5. Triamcinolone acetonide
cream, lotion
6. Clobetasol propionate
cream
7. Betamethasone valerate
lotion, sol
8. Desoximetasone (Desoxymethasone)
cream
1. chronic eczema
2. (psoriasis)
10. Clobetasol propionate
oint
210
12. Mometasone furoate
cream
2. Salicylic acid
lotion (hosp) , oint (hosp) , paste (hosp)
3. Dithranol (Anthralin)
paste (hosp)
211
4. Methotrexate
tab (as base or sodium)
5. Methoxsalen
tab, topical sol (paint)
6. Calcipotriol
oint
212
7. Acitretin
cap
1. methotrexate
2.
3
8. Ciclosporin (Cyclosporin)
cap, oral sol
1.
methotrexate
2. atopic dermatitis
3.
213
2. Salicylic acid
oint (hosp), paste (hosp)
3. Silver nitrate
sol (hosp),crystal (hosp),stick (hosp)
4. Trichloroacetic acid
sol (hosp)
214
215
1. 65
7
2.
3.
9. Inuenza vaccine pandemic Inuenza
10. Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (MMR)
inj
216
1. post-exposure protection
2. pre-exposure protection
15. Rubella vaccine
inj
217
218
hepatitis B vaccine
1. HBsAg
2. HBsAg
3.
24
HBIG
219
15. Anaesthesia
15.1 General anaesthesia
15.1.1 Intravenous anaesthetics
1. Etomidate
sterile emulsion
220
4. Ketamine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
1.
2.
3. (adjunct therapy) (intractable pain)
15.1.2 Inhalational anaesthetics
1. Halothane
volatile liquid
2. Isoflurane
volatile liquid
3. Sevoflurane
volatile liquid
221
1. Atracurium besilate
sterile sol
2. Cisatracurium besilate
sterile sol
3. Pancuronium bromide
sterile sol
4. Rocuronium bromide
sterile sol
6. Vecuronium bromide
sterile pwdr
222
3. Morphine sulfate
sterile sol
2
4. Pethidine hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
5. Midazolam hydrochloride
sterile sol
2
6. Midazolam maleate
tab
2
(premedication) 2
15.1.5 Anticholinesterases and antimuscarinic drugs used in anaesthesia
223
1. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol
2. Neostigmine methylsulfate
sterile sol
15.1.6 Drugs for malignant hyperthermia
1. Dantrolene sodium
sterile pwdr
malignant hyperthermia
224
2. Lidocaine hydrochloride
gel, oint, spray, sterile sol (dental cartridge), sterile sol (local infiltration), viscous sol
3. Lidocaine + Prilocaine
cream
5. Mepivaciane hydrochloride
sterile sol (dental cartridge)
7. Bupivacaine hydrochloride
sterile sol
local inltration
225
8. Bupivacaine hydrochloride
sterile sol
regional anesthesia
10. Lidocaine hydrochloride + Epinephrine
sterile sol
regional anesthesia
226
16. Antidotes
(orphan drugs)
.. .0 2201 1083
.. .0 2419 7007
1. Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine)
sterile sol
paracetamol
2. Antivenom sera
inj
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3. Polyvalent antivenom for hematotoxin
inj
227
5. Atropine sulfate
sterile sol
dystonia
228
7. Calcium gluconate
sterile sol
8. Charcoal, activated
pwdr
9. Diazepam
sterile sol
229
dystonia
11. Ethanol
sterile sol, sterile sol (hosp)
1. opioids clonidine
2.
230
organophosphates
15. Sodium bicarbonate
sterile sol ( 44.6 mEq)
paraquat
231
19. Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite, BAL)
sterile oil solution for IM use
232
(teratogen)
21. Protamine sulfate
sterile sol
heparin
22. Sodium calcium edetate (Edetate calcium disodium, Calcium EDTA)
sterile sol
233
cardiovascular collapse, methaemoglobinaemia
Isoniazid (Gyromitra spp.)
234
Botulism
27. Calcium folinate (Leucovorin calcium)
cap, tab, sterile pwdr, sterile sol
benzodiazepines
235
29. Mesna
sterile sol
methemoglobinaemia
G6PD
31. Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
sterile sol (as bitartrate or hydrochloride)
236
33. Succimer
cap
237
238
1. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 mg/ml as iodine), (50 ml, 100 ml) sterile sol ( 370
mg/ml as iodine), (100 ml)
www.nlem.in.th
239
interventional neuroradiology
740
www.nlem.in.th
240
2. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 370 mg/ml as iodine), (100 ml)
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17.1.3 Drugs used in myelography
241
1. Iopamidol
sterile sol ( 300 mg/ml as iodine), (10 ml)
myelography
www.nlem.in.th
17.1.4 Drugs used in cardiovascular catheterization
242
1. Iopromide
sterile sol ( 300 370 mg/ml as iodine), (50 ml, 100 ml)
cardiovascular catheterization
www.nlem.in.th
17.1.5 Drugs used in Intracavitary, Hysterosalpingography (HSG), Urethrography, Voiding
243
www.nlem.in.th
244
1. Barium sulfate
pwdr for oral susp
Barium sulfate
245
1. Meglumine gadopentetate
sterile sol ( 469 mg/ml of gadopentetic acid ), (10 ml, 15 ml)
MRI
www.nlem.in.th
246
2. Meglumine gadoterate
sterile sol ( 377 mg/ml of gadoteric acid), (10 ml, 15 ml)
MRI
www.nlem.in.th
17.4 Radiopharmaceuticals
247
1. Tc-99m dextran
sterile sol for inj (hosp)
(lymphatic obstruction)
2. Tc-99m diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA)
sterile sol for inj (hosp), aerosol for inhalation (hosp)
1.
2.
248
6. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP)
sterile sol for inj (hosp)
7. Tc-99m phytate
sterile sol for inj (hosp)
249
reticuloendothelial system
250
Botulinum A toxin
Botulinum A toxin
(cervical dystonia)
(idiopathic)
1.
authorization)
2
botulinum A toxin
2.
3.
4. [1]
botulinum A toxin
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2 ( 50%)
4.1.3
5
251
4.1.4
sensory tricks
4.1.5
torticollis
4.1.6
4.1.7 20
(secondary cervical dystonia)
4.2
4.2.1 20
4.2.2 20-50
/ 5 10 ( visual analogue scale)
4.2.3 50
5
10 ( visual analogue scale)
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
1 30%
1 2
4.7 4.6
252
4.8 1 300 unit/ Botox 1,000
unit/ Dysport
4.9 (terminally ill)[2]
4.10
[3]
5.
Botox
50-150 unit 1
Dysport
250-500 unit 1
3
3
antibody
253
Botulinum A toxin
(hemifacial spasm)
(idiopathic)
1.
botulinum A toxin
(pre
authorization)
2.
3.
- 2
4. [4]
botulinum A toxin
4.1
4.1.1
( 7)
(facial synkinesia)
4.1.2 (orbicularis oculi)
(orbicularis oris)
4.1.3 clonic spasm
tonic spasm tonic clonic
tonic-clonic spasm
4.1.4
4.1.5 2.5 45-60
50-54
(symptomatic hemifacial spasm)
254
4.2
4.2.1
(orbicularis oculi) (eyelid contraction)
4.2.2
10-50% (palpebral ssure)
4.2.3
50-100% (palpebral ssure) tonic spasm
4.3
4.4
4.5 botulinum A toxin
4.5.1 2 ( 6)
antibody
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.6 (terminally ill)[5]
4.7 1 100 unit/ Botox 400
unit/ Dysport
4.8
[6]
5.
Botox
15-30 unit 1
Dysport
60-120 unit 1
3
3
antibody
6.
255
6.
6.1 6 (peak
improvement)
6.2 subjective assessment
visual analogue scale
( )
256
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
4. ^
(2)
5. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
6. ^
(2)
257
Liposomal
amphotericin B
Liposomal amphotericin B
invasive fungal infections
Conventional amphotericin B
1.
liposomal amphotericin B
(post-authorization)
liposomal amphotericin B (pre-authorization)
24
2.
3.
3.1
2
3.2 2 3.1
4. [1]
(sterile site)
4.1.2 (mold)
( bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) )
4.1.3
4.2 (probable) invasive fungal infections
denite
4.2.1 1 neutrophil < 500/mm3
allogeneic
10
0.3 prednisolone 3
ciclosporin, specic monoclonal antibody
alemtuzumab 90
4.2.2
CT chest 1 dense well
circumscribed lesion air-crescent sign cavity
ulcer, nodule, pseudomembrane, eschar
plaque trachea bronchus
1
eschar
1 2
enhancement MRI CT
4.2.3
BAL bronchial brush sinus aspirate
galactomannan Aspergillus beta D glucan
4.3.1
conventional amphotericin B serum creatinine
2 > 3.0 mg/dL serum
creatinine 3 NSS
259
creatinine 3 NSS
conventional amphotericin B
4.3.2 ( serum creatinine >
2.0 mg/dL chronic dialysis ) conventional amphotericin B serum
creatinine > 1.0 mg/dL
4.3.3 conventional amphotericin B
3
refractory hypokalemia
( < 18 ) serum creatinine
4.4 serum creatinine > 3.0 mg/dL
chronic dialysis end stage renal disease liposomal
amphotericin B conventional amphotericin B
4.5 7 3 5
4.6 (terminally ill)
[2]
4.7
5.
3-5 1 1 IV infusion 2
( 1 )
6.
6.1
7
)
6.1.2 deep organ infection
4-12
6.2 liposomal amphotericin B
260
[3]
6.2.1
6.2.2 7
(persistent)
liposomal amphotericin B
261
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
262
Leuprorelin acetate
Leuprorelin acetate
central (gonadotrophin dependent)
precocious puberty
1.
authorization) 12
30
2.
2.1
2.2
(2)
3.
- 2
4. [1]
4.5 (terminally ill)[2]
4.6
[3]
5.
5.1 100-150 IM SC 4
6.
6.1
(2) 1
(
maturity )
264
265
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
266
Docetaxel
Docetaxel
1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [1]
docetaxel
4.1 anthracycline
Description of scale
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
SYMPTOMATIC ; AMBULATORY
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING.
267
BED RIDDEN
MAY NEED HOSPITALISATION.
5.
75 1 (
60-100 1 ) 1
( ) cycle 3
dexamethasone pre-medication
(uid retention)
6.
268
Docetaxel
non-small cell
1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [4]
Description of scale
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
SYMPTOMATIC ; AMBULATORY
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY
LIVING.
BED RIDDEN
MAY NEED HOSPITALISATION.
5.
1 1
60-75
( ) cycle 3
dexamethasone pre-medication
(uid retention)
6.
6.1 4 cycle
6.2 6 cycle
270
Docetaxel
1.
(pre-authorization)
docetaxel
2.
3.
4. [1]
docetaxel
4.1
4.2 prednisolone
Description of scale
ASYMPTOMATIC
NORMAL ACTIVITY.
SYMPTOMATIC ; AMBULATORY
ABLE TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITY OF DAILY LIVING.
BED RIDDEN
MAY NEED HOSPITALISATION.
4.4
4.5 (terminally ill)[2]
4.6
[3]
5.
1 1
60-75
( ) cycle 3
prednisolone 5 2
dexamethasone pre-medication
(uid retention)
6.
6 cycle
272
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
273
Imatinib mesilate
Imatinib mesilate
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) chronic
stable phase
1.
authorization)
2.
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(q34;q11) quantitative
chromosome study
chromosomal cytogenetic real-time
quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) uorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
3.
4. [1]
5.
5.1 400
5.2 imatinib mesilate 400
6.
275
Imatinib mesilate
gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)
1.
authorization)
2.
computerized tomography
(CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3.
4. [1]
5.
5.1 400
6.
6.1 12
computerized tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
6.2 SWOG (south west oncology group) RECIST
(response evaluation criteria in solid tumor) criteria
. (complete)
. (partially response)
. (stable) SWOG (Southwest Oncology Group) RECIST criteria
6.3
(
25%)
2
stable disease progressive disease
277
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
278
Human normal
immunoglobulin, intravenous (IVIG)
Human normal immunoglobulin,
intravenous (IVIG)
(acute phase of Kawasaki
disease)
1.
1.1 IVIG
(post-authorization)
IVIG
1.2
IVIG 1 (pre-authorization)
2.
2.1 echocardiogram
2.2
echocardiogram 2
(2)
3.
4. [1]
IVIG
4.1
4.1.1 5
4.1.2 4 5
279
(bulbar)
( )
( 2 3 )
(polymorphous rash)
1.5
(
4.1.3
measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, Epstein-Barr virus), scarlet fever, staphylococcal
scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, drug
hypersensitivity reactions, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis,
Rocky mountain spotted fever, leptospirosis, mercury hypersensitivity reaction
(acrodynia)
4.2 (incomplete Kawasaki disease)
American Heart Association
American Academy of Pediatrics (AHA/AAP guidelines)
4.2.1 ESR > 40 mm/hour / CRP > 3 mg/dL
3
ALT 2.5
WBC count > 15,000/mm3
( )
platelet count > 450,000/mm3 ( 7 )
> 10/HPF
serum albumin < 3g/dL
4.2.2 echocardiogram
IVIG IVIG
4.3
1 ( 5)
IVIG dose 36 - 48
280
5.
2 1 (single dose)
10
6.
6.1 15 2
1
6.2
6.3 echocardiogram
echocardiogram 2
6.4 echocardiogram 2
281
IVIG
1.2 Pre-Authorization
(Replacement
Therapy)
(course) IVIG
post-authorization
2.
2.1
3
2.2
(2)
3
3.
3.1
3-6
282
3.2
4.
4.1 (clinical presentation)
4.1.1
spectrum
1
4.1.2
2
4.1.3
1 spectrum
A. Bacterial respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections
Haemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseria meningitidis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycoplasma, Campylobacter, Ureaplasma urealyticum
B. Enterovirus
Echovirus virus
Coxsackie virus A B
Poliovirus
C. Opportunistic organism Pneumocystis jirovecii (Pneumocystic carinii)
283
A.
Complete blood count (CBC)
Quantitative serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels
B.
CD marker CD3, CD4, CD8 (T cells), CD19 or CD20 (B cells), CD16/56 (NK
cells)
Serum IgE level
IgG subclasses
T cell function
Antigen specific antibody response
4.2
4.2.1 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) Male or female, one of
major isotypes (IgM, IgG, and IgA) < 2 SD mean for age and all of the following criteria
1. Onset > 2 years of age
2. Absent isohemagglutinin and/or poor response to vaccine
3. Defined causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded
4.2.2 Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Male or female < 2 years of
age with either
1. < 20% CD3+T cells, an absolute lymphocyte count < 3,000/mm3 and
proliferative responses to mitogen less than 10% of control or
2. The presence of maternal lymphocytes in the circulation
4.2.3 DiGeorge anomaly Male or female with CD3+T cells < 1,500/mm3 and at
least one of the following:
1. Cardiac defect
2. Hypocalcemia of greater than 3 weeks duration that requires therapy
3. Dysmorphic facies or palatal abnormalities
4.2.4 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA or Bruton's
agammaglobulinemia) Male patients with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other
284
agammaglobulinemia) Male patients with less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other
causes of hypogammaglobulinemia have been excluded and at least one of the
following criteria:
1. Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA more than 2 SD below normal for age
3. Absence of isohemagglutinins
4.2.5 Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia Male or female patients with
less than 2% CD19+ B cells in whom other causes of hypogamma-globulinemia have
been excluded and at least one of the following criteria:
1. Onset of recurrent bacterial infections in the first 5 years of life
2. Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA more than 2 SD below normal for age
3. Absence of isohemagglutinins
4.2.6 X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome Male patient with serum IgG concentration <
2 SD below normal for age, normal number of T cells and B cells and one or more of
the following: Male or female with CD3+T cells < 1,500/mm3 and at least one of the
following:
1. Serum IgM concentration at least 2 SD above normal for age
2. Pneumocystis jiroveci in the first year of life
3. Parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia
4. Cryptosporidium-related diarrhea
5. Severe liver disease (sclerosing cholangitis)
4.2.7 Autosomal recessive hyper-IgM syndrome Male or female patient with
serum IgG and IgA concentration < 2 SD below normal for age, serum IgM
concentration at least 2 SD above normal for age, normal number of T cells and B
cells, and lymphadenopathy
4.2.8 Ataxia telangiectasia Male or female with progressive cerebellar ataxia
and at least one of the following
1. Ocular or facial telangiectasia
2. Serum IgA < 2 SD normal for age
3. Alpha fetoprotein > 2 SD
4. Increased chromosomal breakage after exposure to irradiation
4.2.9 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Male patient with congenital thrombocytopenia
(less than 70,000/mm3), small platelets, or male patient splenectomized for
285
5. [1]
IVIG
(primary immunodeciency diseases)
5.1
(primary immunodeciency
3
diseases)
5.1.1
B cell X-linked
agammaglobulinemia, severe combined immunodeficiency
5.1.2
immunoglobulin
specic antibody common variable immunodeciency,
hyper-IgM syndrome
5.1.3
immunoglobulin
specic antibody Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, hyper-IgE
syndrome, specific antibody deficiency
5.1.4
immunoglobulin subclass
specic antibody
288
5.2 selective IgA deciency
IVIG
5.3 (terminally ill)[2]
5.4
[3]
3
01 Common variable immunodeficiency
02 Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
03 DiGeorge anomaly
04 X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA or Bruton's agammaglobulinemia)
05 Autosomal recessive agammaglobulinemia
06 X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
07 Autosomal recessive hyper-IgM syndrome
08 Ataxia-telangiectasia and diseases of DNA repair defects
09 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
10 X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP)
11 Isolated IgG subclass deficiency
12 IgA with IgG subclass deficiency
13 Specific antibody deficiency with normal Ig concentrations and numbers of B
cells
14 Reticular dysgenesis
15 Omenn syndrome
16 Thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good syndrome)
17 Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
18 Cartilage hair hypoplasia
19 Hyper- IgE syndrome
20 WHIM syndrome
6.
400-600 1 2-4
IgG trough level 500 800
bronchiectasis
289
7.
IgG subclass deciency IVIG
IVIG
6 1
IVIG
290
(post-authorization)
IVIG
2.
2.1
2.2
(2)
3.
4. [1]
5.
400 1 2-5
1 1 2 0.6
1 30
( 4.8 1 ) IVIG 812 24
IVIG
292
(post-authorization)
IVIG
2.
2.1
2.2
(2)
3.
4. [1]
4.4
IVIG ( 1
1 5 )
4.5 (terminally ill)[2]
4.6
[3]
5.
1 )
1 1
5-6
6.
6.1 15 2
1 IVIG 60
6.2
6.3
25-50
294
(pre-authorization)
24-48
2.
Guillain Barr
syndrome ICU respiration care
3.
4.
GuillainBarr syndrome
4.1
deep tendon reexes (areexia) biceps
4
cerebrospinal uid (CSF) analysis 10
( )
4.2
symmetry
sensory symptoms signs
295
LMN
2-4
autonomic dysfunction
electrodiagnostic features (typical)
slow nerve conduction velocity conduction block
normal small compound muscle action potentials
absent or prolonged F-waves
acute denervation decreased recruitment / interference pattern
electrodiagnostic test
5. [1]
5.2
(
)
5.3 IVIG 2 1 1
IVIG 2
5.4 (terminally ill)[2]
5.5
[3]
6.
2 1 1 2-5
( 0.4 1 5 ) continuous drip
IVIG 2
7.
297
(post authorization)
IVIG
2.
3.
4. [1]
IVIG
( )
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.2.1 (oculomotor disturbance)
(facial palsy)
4.1.2.2
bulbar weakness
4.1.2.3 generalized weakness proximal muscle weakness
4.1.2.4 uctuation of weakness
4.1.3
4.1.3.1 (MG)
4.1.3.2 repetition nerve stimulation (RNS) test
4.1.3.3 prostigmine test
298
5.
IVIG 1-1.2 1
2
5.1 IVIG 0.4 3 2
2 ( 1.2 2 )
5.2 1 1 1 2
( 1 2 )
299
(post-authorization)
IVIG
2.
3.
4.
pemphigus vulgaris
4.1 pemphigus vulgaris
4.2
5. [1]
5.3 IVIG
5.3.1 prednisolone 1 1
cyclophosphamide azathioprine 100
6
5.3.2
5.3.3 immunosuppressive drugs
5.4 IVIG 6 cycle 3 cycle
5.5 (terminally ill)[2]
5.6
[3]
6.
2 1 cycle 3 1 cycle
3-4 3 cycle
3
6 cycle
301
(post-authorization)
IVIG
2.
3.
4. [1]
303
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
304
Letrozole
Letrozole
hormone receptor
1.
(pre-authorization)
letrozole
2.
(2)
3.
4. [1]
letrozole
4.1 hormone receptor
4.2 (post menopause)
4.2.1 60
4.2.2
4.2.3 1
FSH estradiol
305
4.3
4.3.1 (advanced breast cancer)
4.3.2 (adjuvant therapy) switching
therapy
tamoxifen 2-3 letrozole 5
letrozole 2 tamoxifen 3 5
4.4 letrozole
4.4.1
4.4.2 progressive disease
4.4.3
4.4.4 letrozole
tamoxifen 60
4.5 (terminally ill)[2]
4.6
[3]
5.
2.5
6.
progressive disease (
) tumor marker
7.
letrozole
12001500
306
307
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
308
Epoetin alfa/beta
(epoetin alpha/beta: EPO)
Epoetin alfa/beta (epoetin
alpha/beta: EPO)
1.
2 post-authorization
)
(
pre-authorization
2.
2.1
2.2
3.
3.1
2
3.2
309
3.2
2
4. [1]
erythropoietin
4.1
5 (Chronic kidney disease stage 5)
1
1.1 (Initial Phase)
5 EPO
1.1.1 EPO
Hb 10 g/dL Hct 30 %
5 ( GFR 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 end-stage
renal disease) [4]
Serum ferritin 100 ng/mL
TSAT 20%
1.1.2 EPO
(active bleeding)
EPO- resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic
syndrome,
myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia pure red
cell aplasia (PRCA)
megaloblastic anemia
12
1.1.3 (co-morbid disease) (anemia)
Stool occult blood (Positive)
310
(Maintenance
1.2
5
phase) EPO
(maintenance phase)
1.2.1 EPO
EPO
dialysis Kt/V 3
( ) Kt/V
Kt/V 1.8/ Hemodialysis 2 /
Kt/V 1.2/ Hemodialysis 3 /
Kt/V 1.7/ Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal
Dialysis (CAPD)
Serum ferritin 6 Serum ferritin
100 ng/mL
TSAT 6 TSAT
20%
1.2.2 EPO
EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia,
myelodysplastic syndrome,myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia
PRCA
1.2.3 (anemia)
4 (Chronic kidney disease stage 4)
2
2.1 (Initial Phase)
5 EPO
2.1.1 EPO
Hemoglobin (Hb) 10 g/dL Hematocrit (Hct)
30 %
311
30 %
4 ( GFR 15-30 mL/min/1.73 m2)
Serum ferritin 100 ng/mL
TSAT 20%
2.1.2 EPO
(active bleeding)
EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic
syndrome,
myelobrosis, myelopthisic anemia PRCA
megaloblastic anemia
12
2.1.3 (co-morbid disease) (anemia)
Stool occult blood (Positive)
(Maintenance
2.2
4
phase) EPO
(maintenance phase)
2.2.1 EPO
EPO
Serum ferritin 6 Serum ferritin
100 ng/mL
TSAT 6 TSAT
20%
2.2.2 EPO
EPO-resistant bone marrow disease aplastic anemia,
myelodysplastic syndrome, myelofibrosis, myelopthisic anemia
PRCA
312
313
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
4. ^ KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Practice Recommendations for
Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease 2006.
314
Verteporn
Verteporfin
(predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal
neovascularization (CNV) due to age-related macular
degeneration (wet form))
1.
(pre-authorization)
verteporn
4 1
2.
2.1
(fundus uorescein angiography FFA)
2.2
(2)
3.
(2)
4. [1]
verteporn
4.1
315
4.2
( 50 )
4.3 4.2
4.4 6/60 20/200
verteporn
4.5 4 1
4.6 (terminally ill)[2]
4.7
[3]
5.
15
10
316
1. ^
(2)
2. ^ (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
3. ^
(2)
317
Peginterferon alfa
2a 2b Ribavirin
Peginterferon alfa 2a 2b Ribavirin
(chronic hepatitis C genotype 2, 3)
1.
2.
2.1 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA / HCV Genotype
2.2 Liver biopsy broscan
2.3 Histologic activity index (HAI) score Metavir score
3.
2
(2)
3.1
3.2 5
318
4.
Peginterferon alfa ( 2a/2b)
(genotype 2, 3)
4.1 (terminally ill) []
( )
4.2
Peginterferon alfa
4.2.1
( 2a/2b) Ribavirin
4.2.2
( )
4.2.3 18-65
4.2.4 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.5
(Non-alcoholic
steato hepatitis; NASH)
4.2.5 HCV genotype 2 3 RNA positive 5,000 IU/ml
4.2.6 signicant brosis (F2) (Metavir 2)
broscan pKA 7.5
4.2.7 ChildPugh score 6
4.3 6
4.4
1) Interferon Ribavirin
2) (major depressive)
3)
4) ,
5) Interferon immune mediated
diseases
319
6)
7)
(major drug interaction)
8)
9)
10)
4.5
4.5.1 24
4.5.2
Peginterferon alfa
( 2a/2b) Ribavirin 4
4.5.3
4.6
5.
- Peginterferon alfa 2a: 180 (SC) 1
Ribavirin 800-1,400
- Peginterferon alfa 2b: 1.5 / (SC) 1
Ribavirin 800-1,400
320
7.
24
[] (terminally ill)
(incurable) (irreversible)
(palliative care)
. . .
. 11000
Email: nlem@fda.moph.go.th
321