Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Xian, China, March 2226, 2010

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Antenna Measurement System for CTIA OTA Operation

Guan-Yu Chen1 , Kuo-Liang Wu1 , Jwo-Shiun Sun1 , and Y. D. Chen2
1

Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan 2 Antenna and EMC Laboratory, HTC Corporation, Taiwan

Abstract The mobile phone under test of far-eld range testing has been the plan at the
Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA) certication program [1, 2] test requirements for performing radiated power and receiver performance measurement. 1. INTRODUCTION

In this study, facilities of mobile phone measurement have recently commissioned a spherical far-eld measurement system (Figure 1). The low prole far-eld spherical scan system provides signicant advantages over the older far-eld testing including elimination of problem of simple theta () and phi () rotary axis with indoor far-eld range testing, complete measurement characterization of the antenna, and improved accuracy. This thesis discusses the antenna and wireless system integration tested with the antenna eciency, mean eective gain, total radiated power (TRP), total isotropic sensitivity (TIS), and spherical antenna measurement for far-eld wireless network system, and the measured results being achieved. Three-dimensional eld pat tern of a directional antenna with maximum radiation in z -direction at = 0 . Most of the radiation is contained in a main beam (or lobe) accompanied by radiation also in minor lobes (side and back). Between the lobes are nulls where the eld goes to zero. The radiation in any direction is specied by the angles and . The direction of the point P is at angles = 30 and = 85 . this pattern is symmetrical in and a function only of .
2. 3D FAR-FIELD ANTENNA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND EXPERIMENTS

In this study, the author has established a 3D far-eld antenna measurement system. Based on this 3D spherical far-eld measurement system, the low-prole mobile antennas measurements and mobile phone for wireless network are applied. The 3D antenna measurement system and study can be applied to wireless OTA measurement. The elds around an antenna may be divided into two principal regions, one near the antenna called the near eld or Fresnel zone and one at a large distance called the far eld or Fraunhofer zone. Referring to, the boundary between the two may be arbitrarily taken to be at a radius. In the far or Fraunhofer region, the measurable eld components are transverse to the radial direct ion from the antenna and all power ow is directed radially outward. In the far eld the shape of the eld pattern is independent of the distance [4]. In the near or Fresnel region, the longitudinal component of the electric eld may be signicant and power ow is not entirely radial. In the near eld, the shape of the eld pattern depends, in general, on the distance.

Figure 1: 3D antenna measurement system.

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PIERS Proceedings, Xian, China, March 2226, 2010

Two-dimensional eld, power and decibel plots of the 3-D antenna pattern of. Taking a slice through the middle of the 3-dimensional pattern of results in the 2-dimensional pattern at (a). It is a eld pattern (proportional to the electric eld E in V/m) with normalized relative eld En () = 1 at = 0 . The half-power beam width (HPBW) = 40 is me as before and assured at the E = 0.707 level.
3. 3D ANTENNA MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE

3D antenna system is a measurement of the RF devices transmitter performance. This measurement procedure records 3D antenna pattern every 15 and 30 degrees for the total of 528 and 120 points (2 orthogonal linear polarizations 12 thetas data 24 phis data and 2 orthogonal linear polarizations 5 thetas data 12 phis data). As a result, a 3D pat tern is obtained showing maximum and minimum points of transmitter performance. This section discusses the methodology [3, 4] of 3D polarization measurement and environment. Directivity (D), equation is dened as the ratio of the wave radiation intensity in certain direction to the average radiation intensity, and show the spherical coordinates used for measurement.
4. 3D ANTENNA MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR WIRELESS NETWORK

In this measurement system [510], each transmit-test spherical-scan le shall contain measurements for 11 theta cuts 24 phi cuts 2 polarizations. Based on samples measured every 15 degrees of rotation for each cut, 528 measurements are thus recorded in each transmit test le. Assuming that theta is a complete sphere measured with N theta intervals and M phi intervals, then the total radiated power (TRP) may be calculated. Receiver performance is equally important to the overall system performance, as is transmitter performance. The downlink or subscriber unit receiver path is integral to the quality of the devices operation. Poor receiver radiated performance can cause the user of the subscriber unit to hear a low quality voice signal. This can also cause the subscriber unit to lose the base station signal resulting in abrupt termination of the cell. This test plan requires spherical eective radiated receiver sensitivity (termed total isotropic sensitivity, TIS) to be measured. Assuming that theta is a complete sphere measured with N theta intervals and M phi intervals, then the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) may be calculated. The spherical far eld antenna measurement systems are rotated and measured for a full spherical scan of the radiated AUT or mobile test. High-accuracy far-eld antenna measurement for spherical scan system is suitable for low gain characteristic of the mobile under test for spherical far-eld scan and full 3 dimension eld energy by numerical formula computation for measurement error can be seriously reduced, resulting in evaluation of measurement environment of antenna under test and detailed full spherical scan operation. The spherical far-eld instrument and software co-design systems are created not only for high accuracy but also for high stability in the testing environment. This system is designed to measure the directivity, gain, eciency for passive antenna condition and total radiated power (TRP), total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) for mobile phone radiated RF power and receiver sensitivity performance with 3D integral. Measurement systems are used in the EIRP (i , j ) and EIRP (i , j ) for TRP radiated power and EIS (i , j ) and EIS (i , j ) for TIS receiver sensitivity calculation. In this study, the measurement system is set for the specic communication channel for uplink and downlink with based station and mobile terminal link.
5. CONCLUSIONS

The 3D antenna system for spherical far-eld techniques and system are applied in a spherical far-eld antenna system. The system can be applied on antenna parameters measurement of gain, directivity and radiation eciency. And this 3D antenna system can be applied on mean eective gain (MEG), diversity antenna measurement, MIMO terminal antennas measurement for 3D spherical far-eld measurement.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would like to thank the Antenna and EMC research laboratory, HTC Corporation, for their assistance in wireless and system integration measurements.
REFERENCES

1. CTIA, http://www.ctia.org/. 2. Test Plane for Mobile Station over the Air Performance, Revision 2.1, Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association (CTIA), Washington, D.C., Apr. 2005.

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