Chng 1

Tng quan v h thu thp d liu v iu khin

Ni dung
1.1 Gii thiu v h DAQ 1.2 Cu hnh c bn ca h DAQ

1.1. GII THIEU

nh ngha: thu thp d liu (data acquisition) l qu trnh m tn hiu vt l t th gii thc c chuyn thnh tn hiu in o lng v chuyn sang tn hiu s cho qu trnh x l, phn tch v lu tr bng my tnh [2]
Trong hu ht cc ng dng, h thu thp d liu (Data Acquisition (DAQ)System) c thit k khng nhng ch thu thp d liu m cn c chc nng iu khin. V vy khi ni h DAQ thng hm c chc nng iu khin (Data Acquisition and Control)

Cc thnh phn c bn ca h DAQ Mt h DAQ c xy dng trn c s sc mnh ca my tnh bao gm nhiu khi phn cng t cc nh sn xut khc nhau. Nhim v ca cc nh tch hp l kt hp cc khi phn cng ny thnh mt h thng hon chnh Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt h DAQ l :

1.1. GII THIEU (Cont)

Cm bin v cc b chuyn i Dy ni v truyn thng Khi x l tn hiu Phn cng thu thp d liu PC (h iu hnh) Phn mm thu thp d liu

1.1. GII THIEU (Cont)

1.1. GII THIEU (Cont)

Chc nng tng khi: Chuyn i v cm bin

B

chuyn i v cm bin cung cp mt kt ni (thc) gia th gii thc v h DAQ nh vo vic chuyn i cc i lng vt l sang tn hiu in m b x l tn hiu v/hoc h DAQ chp nhn Cc b chuyn i hin ti c th s dng cho hu ht cc php o vt l v cung cp tn hiu in tng ng. V d: cp nhit, nhit in tr v IC nhit chuyn i nhit sang mt tn hiu in analog, trong khi b o lu lng (flow meter) cung cp mt tn hiu chui xung c tn s ph thuc vo tc ca dng chy Trong mi trng hp trn, tn hiu in u ra t l vi i lng vt l c o lng theo quan h nh trc

1.1. GII THIEU (Cont)

Dy ni v cp truyn thng:
Dy

ni: Lin kt ng ra ca chuyn i/cm bin n phn cng khi x l tn hiu hoc t khi x l tn hiu n PC nu khi x l tn hiu cch xa PC. Trng hp phn cng khi x l tn hiu cch xa PC v chun truyn tn hiu l RS-232 hoc RS-485 : cp truyn thng y thng l thnh phn cng knh nht ca h thng v thng d chu tc ng ca nhiu bn ngoi c bit trong mi trng khc nghit v vy cn quan tm c bit n vn chng nhiu cho dy ni v cp truyn thng gim thiu nh hng

ca nhiu

Chc nng tng khi: (cont)

Khi x l tn hiu:
Tn

hiu in u ra ca cm bin cn c chuyn sang dng thch hp, c chp nhn bi phn cng khi thu thp d liu, c bit l b chuyn i A/D. Cc nhim v ca khi ny c th l: Lc Khuych i Tuyn tnh ha Cch ly Kch thch

Chc nng tng khi: (cont)

Phn cng thu thp d liu:

Chuyn tn hiu dng tng t sang dng s hin th, lu tr v phn tch c vo tn hiu s cha ng thng tin v qu trnh ca mt h thng Chuyn tn hiu s t PC sang tn hiu iu khin iu khin mt h thng hay qu trnh Xut ra tn hiu iu khin dng s

Chc nng tng khi: (cont)

Phn cng thu thp d liu (cont):

Phn cng thu thp d liu tn ti di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau t nhiu nh sn sut, c th l: card giao tip m rng (plug-in expansion bus boards), intelligent stand-alone loggers and controllers (loi ny c th c nh cu hnh, quan st v iu khin t my tnh qua RS-232 hoc c th hot ng c lp), hoc cc thit bi c lp t xa c th iu khin v nh cu hnh t my tnh qua chun giao tip IEEE-488

Chc nng tng khi: (cont)

Phn mm thu thp d liu: c ba la chn c v xut d liu trc tip dng: assembly, hoc cc ngn ng cp cao nh Pascal, C/C++ Dng driver i km vi phn cng cung cp bi nh sn xut Dng gi phn mm ng dng cung cp km vi phn cng thu thp d liu thc hin tt c cc nhim v yu cu cho mt ng dng c th PC: nh hng rt ln n tc thu thp v x l d liu

1.2. Cu hnh ca h DAQ

Vic la chn cu hnh cho h DAQ ph thuc vo:

Khong cch t PC n cc sensor hoc thit b o lng. y l mt yu t quan trng v 2 l do chnh: Th nht, nu phi dng dy di t PC n cm bin c th tn nhiu kinh ph c bit trong cc h thng ln. Th hai, c mi n v chiu di ca dy ni c tng thm cng ng thi tng nhiu tc ng ln php o. Gn h PC gn ngun tn hiu c th gim nhiu do khong cch truyn. Kh nng di ng (c th di chuyn) ca h thng. Mt s h thng yu cu phi di chuyn nhiu v tr khc nhau. Cc thit b d mang theo ny c cung cp dng ng gi gn nh thch hp yu cu di chuyn.

1.2. Cu hnh ca h DAQ

Vic la chn cu hnh h DAQ (cnt)

S lng cc knh I/O. Vic chn cu hnh DAQ cn da vo s lng I/O s cn s dng. Hu ht cc PC hin nay ch c mt vi khe I/O tuy nhin vn c cc PC c bit vi s lng I/O m rng nhiu. S li thi ca PC. V cng ngh v PC thay i rt nhanh nn cn ch kh nng thay th phn cng PC ca h, nn cn nhc gia h DAQ c dng PC hoc cc external box. My tnh ch. Cn ch cc c im v giao tip v m rng ca my tnh trung tm chn cu hnh DAQ thch hp. Gi c Tc

1.2. Cu hnh ca h DAQ

Cc cu hnh thng dng ca h DAQ: Vo/ra ti ch (tp trung) vi PC Vo/ra phn tn Cc b thu thp d liu v iu khin c lp hoc phn tn Cc thit b theo chun IEEE-488

1.2.1 Vo/ra tp trung

Cc mch vo/ra tp trung c cm trc tip vo my tnh qua cc bus m rng c im: nh gn, tc thu thp d liu v iu khin nhanh nht, chi ph thp v vy thng c dng Thng c s dng trong cc ng dng m PC gn cm bin v c cu chp hnh.

1.2.1 Vo/ra tp trung (cont)

S o vao/ra tap trung:

1.2.1 Vo/ra tp trung (cont)

1.2.1 Vo/ra tp trung (cont)

PD2-AO-16/16 ( Card PCI c 16 knh, 16bit v tc 100kS/s cho mi knh ra tng t

Dng cho khe cm PCI 16 knh ra analog vi phn gii 16bit 8 ng vo s, 8 ng ra s Ba ng vo ngt/clock, 3 b timer/counter 24 bit Dng sng c lp mi knh Cp nht ng thi cc knh, chc nng cp nht theo s kin bn ngoi 2k b nh m onboard (upgradable to 64k samples)

1.2.1 Vo/ra tp trung (cont)

1.2.2. Vo/ra phn tn

Sensor v c cu chp hnh thng xa PC, thng trong mi trng sn xut CN, cm bin v c cu chp hnh trong mi trng khc nghit v bao ph trong mt din tch rng cch xa PC hng trm mt. Trong mi trng c nhiu, kh c th nhn c tn hiu nh t cc cm bin nh cp nhit, strain gauge qua ng truyn di. Dy ni t sensor v PC di v c th tn km Gii php: Vo/ra phn tn, ngha l module x l tn hiu c t gn mi sensor tng ng. Mi sensor cn c mt module x l tn hiu. Gii php ny c th tn km nu c nhiu sensors nhng c b p bi cht lng tn hiu v chnh xc.

1.2.2. Vo/ra phn tn (cont)

Dng thng gp ca vo/ra phn tn l b pht s. B pht s ny thc hin tt c cc chc nng x l tn hiu cn thit, c VXL v ADC chuyn tn hiu cn o sang dng s. Tn hiu dng s ny c truyn v PC bng chun RS-232 hoc RS-485 RS-232 (point to point): cng knh khi c nhiu im RS-485: (multi-drop): gim lng cp truyn, c th kt ni n 32 modules, khong cch truyn c th ln n 10km nu dng multi-drop network. (RS232: ti a 15m) Thng cn b chuyn i RS-232 sang RS-485 do hu ht cc PC khng h tr chun RS-485

1.2.2. Vo/ra phn tn (cont)

S khi :

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

u im: ging u im ca I/O phn tn vi cc b x l tn hiu thng minh, ng thi kh nng t quyt nh t xa lm tng tin cy ca h thng C th iu khin v nh cu hnh t my tnh dng giao tip ni tip hoc card PCMCIA C th hat ng c lp m khng cn PC (y l mc tiu chnh) v vy rt hu ch khi phi t cc b thu thp d liu xa hoc trong mi trng khc nghit hoc cc ng dng khng cho php s kt ni lin tc ti my tnh ( ex: iu khin nhit trong cc xe ti ng lnh)

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

S dung card PCMCIA e nhap d lieu t bo thu thap d lieu oc lap

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

S o bo thu thap d lieu oc lap qua giao tiep noi tiep RS-232

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

Ket noi bo thu thap d lieu oc lap qua mang ien thoai hay radio

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

He thu thap d lieu phan tan

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

DI-715B Data Logger products operate Stand-alone or PC-connected

B thu thp d liu c lp DI-715B ca DATAQ cho php d liu lu vo SD card Bao gm 8 knh vo analog cho php m rng 16 module

1.2.3. Cc b thu thp d liu c lp hoc phn tn

1.2.4. Cc dng c lp trnh c IEEE-488

Chun truyn thng ny cn c gi l GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus), c thnh lp nm 1965 bi Hewlett-Packard kt ni v iu khin cc thit b o th lp trnh c ca hng. Chun ny nhanh chng c th gii chp nhn v tr thnh chun IEEE-488 nh tc , tnh linh hot v hu ch trong vic kt ni cc thit b trong phng th nghim. GPIB l chun giao tip truyn thng song song tc cao cho php kt ni ng thi 15 thit b trn bus truyn d liu song song.

1.2.4. Cc dng c lp trnh c IEEE-488

Thng yu cu c b iu khin GPIB nh a ch cho tng thit b v khi to cc thit b s truyn thng vi nhau. Tc truyn thng ti a, chiu di cp truyn ti a, khong cch ti a gia cc thit b ph thuc vo tc v kh nng x l ca b iu khin GPIB v loi cp truyn. Ph hp cho cc lab nghin cu hoc o th trong cng nghip C hng ngn sn phm trn th trng h tr chun giao tip ny

1.2.4. Cc dng c lp trnh c IEEE-488

Cau truc he GPIB thong dung:

1.2.4. Cc dng c lp trnh c IEEE-488

Card thu thp d liu h tr IEEE 488 c s dng trong h DAQ

1.2.4. Cc dng c lp trnh c IEEE-488

B iu khin p sut Druck DPI 515 c s dng trong o lng v iu khin p sut kh nn B iu khin c th cho php o lng 2 knh vo p sut v c giao din IEEE-488 giao tip vi HostPC