Cc kiu khun Chng ny trnh by cc kiu khun ch yu v cc phng php to hnh. Khun l mt !n c!

lm b"ng kim loi # $%n &u't $%n ph(m nh)nh hn* r+ hn v ,n #-nh hn. C. r't nhi/u kiu khun # #0c cc $%n ph(m khc nh)u. 1)u #2y l cc loi khun ch yu. 34 !* khun bnh 5uy ch6ng hn

KHUN C 7 #0c cc chi tit b"ng cch r.t kim loi n.ng ch%y vo l8ng khun.

9:; <=p rp 9>;?.t kim loi l@ng 9A; BC khun $)u khi #Dc lm ngui khun Cc sn phm in hnh Eh2n #ng c* b ph2n phFi* c, &%* bnh &G* nhHng pho tDng nh@

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RN DP Eo hnh b"ng cch Ip vIt liJu trong khun Ip.

9:; C'p liJu 9>; KIp $ b 9A; KIp lLn cuFi 9M;Non thnh Cc sn phm in hnh Cc $%n ph(m cLn # b/n c)o nh l tr!c khuOu* t)y biPn* hoQc khRp nFi. Ni un! c" #h$ Shng php rTn vIt liJu #U #Dc nung n.ng trRc #Dc gVi l rTn n.ng. Wgoi r)* phng php Ip vIt liJu m khng cLn nung n. lPn #Dc gVi l Ip nguiX KIp ngui #Dc $Y !ng # Ip vIt liJu m/m nh nhm ch6ng hn. KHUN %P KIp b"ng cch Zp mt t'm p vo l8ng khun 9Eh[ng \ng vRi kim loi t'm;.

9:; C'p liJu Cc sn phm in hnh

9>; ]p khun

9A;Non thnh

Khung th2n &G* cnh cY)* vnh &G thZp* kh)y b"ng nhm* c)* cFc. Ni un! c" #h$ Cc nguyPn cng trPn khun Zp b)o g^m uFn to hnh* c=t &Zn 9loi b@ nhHng phLn khng cLn thit;* lPn vnh g[ v to hnh nFt nhHng phLn c8n li. Bt $F b phIn #Dc Ip thng 5u) mt vi cng #on. Shng php Zp liPn t!c #Dc $Y !ng # th_c hiJn cc cng #on liPn tip ny.

KHUN '(C

&P

70c b"ng cch nZn kim loi l@ng v phun n. vo khun.

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9:; <=p rp khun

9>;Shun kim loi l@ng nh[ p l_c

9A; mC khun v lm ngui

Nh)n! sn phm in hnh WhHng $%n ph(m b"ng nhm nh cc b phIn c) #ng c* cc chi tit ch4nh &c. KHUN NH(* Khun Zp ch't +o #Dc $Y !ng # #0c nhHng chi tit b"ng cch nung n.ng ch%y vIt liJu ch6ng hn nh ch't +o v Zp vo trong khun. Khun Zp ch't +o #Dc $Y !ng cho nhi/u phng php khc nh)u nh l #0c phun Zp* Zp nh_) v #\n. 3/ #0c phun Zp t) $` hVc $)u. a2y gi[ ch0ng t) $` th%o luIn v/ cc phng php khc C #2y. +n phm in hnh 1%n ph(m ch't +o nh l #^ #iJn gi) !ng* ni th't t hoQc cc $%n ph(m ch't +o n.i chung nh l ch)i nh_). %p nh,70c b"ng cch #Qt vIt liJu vo trong khun r^i Zp n..

9:; 7Qt vIt liJu

9>; ]p* #.ng khun v nZn

9A; BC khun

Ni un! c" #h$ a2y gi[ ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th .u/ #0nh 7Qt mt lDng ph\ hDp vIt liJu #0c l bt ch't +o nhiJt r=n9thGrmo$Gtting pl)$tic$; vo trong khun. 7.ng khun trPn v $)u #. nung n.ng lPn v nZn khun. 3It liJu $` m/m r) v #i/n #Ly khun. 3It liJu #ng #Qc hon ton vRi nhiJt # v p $u't . BC khun v tho chi tit r) nh[ chFt #(y.

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1u im Khi m vIt liJu #0c #Dc #Qt vo trong khun* n. $` khng i chuyn v bin ng c) cc chi tit c. th #Dc gi%m #i. Khi m p l_c # kbp khun #Dc Zp tr_c tip vo vIt liJu #0c* c. th #t #Dc cc chi ti t ch4nh &c. Kh ng cLn c. c,ng phun* khng hn ch v/ loi vIt liJu #0c9 ht nh@* bt* v2n v2nc; aCi vIy n. #Dc $Y !ng # #0c ch't +o nhiJt r=n. Ko kt c'u #n gi%n* gi thnh thit b- c. th gi%m. Nh23c im Wu nung n.ng khi khun khng #.ng hon ton hoQc p $u't lRn 5u vIt liJu #0c c. th r8 5u) khun. Wu vIt liJu #0c #Qt vo 5u nhi/u n. c. th trn r) ngoi. C. nhi/u b)vi) #Dc $inh r)

4N By #\n liPn t!c #Dc hnh thnh b"ng cch #\n vIt liJu 9cung c'p 5u) phdu; vRi mt tr!c v4t. 3It liJu $` c. hnh ng giFng tit iJn cY) r) c) thit b-.

9:; C'p vIt liJu vo phdu Ni un! c" #h$

9>; Khu'y trn* #(y r) b"ng tr!c v4t

9A; Non thnh

Ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th .u/ #0nh 7Qt vIt liJu nh_) vo phdu. K+o ho n. b"ng cch khu'y trn n. trong mt tr!c v4t c. b gi) nhiJt. 7\n vIt liJu khun r) b"ng tr!c v4t 5u) mt ci le nh@ C #fnh khun. Kt th0c #0c b"ng $_ ngui cgng vIt #0c. 1u im 7\n* th_c hiJn liPn t!c v c. hiJu 5u%. Nh23c im Shm vi p !ng c) phng php ny chf nhHng chi tit c. nh hnh tr! hoQc mQt c=t l tr! reng.

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C 5H67 70c b"ng cch #Qt vIt liJu ng Fng vo trong khun v th,i khng kh4 vo.

9:; 7Qt vIt liJu ng Fng vo khun Ni un! c" #h$

9>; Eh,i khng kh4

9A; Non thnh

a2y gi[ ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th .u/ #0nh Wg=t mt #on vIt liJu nh_) #Qt n. vo khun hnh Fng c. h)i nY) riPng biJt. Eh,i khng kh4 nZn vo trong vIt liJu #0c* lm cho n. giUn nC cho #n khi c. c\ng hnh ng vRi khun # #0c #Dc chi tit. 1u im 1Y !ng rng rUi # #0c cc ch)i* bnh chg). CCH8N KHN9 Bt t'm vIt liJu #Dc nung n.ng v p $t vRi l8ng khun nh[ h0t ch2n khng # to hnh chi tit . C. th \ng c% khun lhm v khun l^i.

9:; 7Qt vIt liJu t'm

9>; N0t khng

ch2n

9A; 7 cho khng kh4 vo li v b@ chi tit r)

a2y gi[ ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th iuy trnh <m m/m mt t'm vIt liJu #0c l ch't +o nhiJt +o b"ng nhiJt #. N0t khng kh4 r) kh@i khun 5u) le thng hi # to # ch2n khng lm cho vIt liJu #0c #^ng ng vRi khun v m)ng hnh ng c) n.. Cho khng kh4 vo trC li v b@ chi tit r). ju #im

3 p $u't #0c c. th nh@ hn p $u't kh4 5uyn*vH)* ge* ch't +o nhiJt r=n c. th #Dc $Y !ng lm khun. Khun ck lRn c. th #Dc #0c vRi gi thnh tng #Fi th'p. WhDc #im Shng php ny n.i chung khng \ng cho cc chi tit c. hnh ng phgc tp. R7: ;R<-c#i=n 7n><c#i=n :=? in!@ R7: ;Ac Bp phn Cn! @ 70c b"ng cch trn h)i hoQc nhi/u hn cc vIt liJu ph%n gng trong khun.1%n ph(m c) ph%n gng l mt ch't mRi #i/n #Ly khun

C! th hn Ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th $)u iuy trnh am vIt liJu #0c b)o g^m hen hDpc) ch't &0c tc v ch't k4ch hot vo trong khun. Eo r) polymG C trong khun. ju #im Shng php #0c ny yPu cLu p $u't th'p hn #0c phun Zp thng th[ng* nhm hoQc vIt liJu $Di #Dc $Y !ng. WhHng khun ck lRn v hnh ng phgc tp c. th lm #Dc. WhDc #im CU thl $inh r) khm* nU nnn khong khm cpn lqi trong khuon* cU thl gry chsy. Chu k #0c kZo i

DRP ;DiE<0 R<inF=0c< P?-s#ics@ :=? in! DRP;Ac chG# H= cI s3i #Jn! cCn!@ 1Y !ng $Di thuO tinh hoQc $Di c)cbon nh l ch't gi) c[ng. C. loi #0c kiu nyt1BC 9#0c t'm ; v phng php #0c th cng 70c b"ng cch trn h)i hoQc nhi/u hn cc vIt liJu ph%n gng trong khun.1%n ph(m c) ph%n gng l mt ch't mRi #i/n #Ly khun.

C! th hn Ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th Ph2Kn! php Ac #Gm +:C iuy trnh 7Qt vIt liJu t'm c. #Jm $Di #Dc cun b"ng polyG$tG vo trong khun.WZn vIt liJu b"ng nhiJt # v p $u't. ju #im 7 Ly #^ng #/u v nhHng phLn phgc tp c. th #0c #Dc.Wgoi r)* c% h)i b/ mQt c) chi tit #/u #Dc lm nhun b.ng. Ph2Kn! php #hL cn! iuy trnh 7Qt vIt liJu #Jm ng $Di thGo hnh ng c) khun.Er%i nh_) l@ng lPn trPn v cgng li C nhiJt # ph8ng. ju #im Shng php ny # #0c nhHng chi tit b"ng ch't +o c. $Di gi) c[ng c. k4ch ck tng #Fi lRn. Khng cLn #n my m.c thit bWhDc #im <m b"ng t)y* kh. lm #Dc # Ly #^ng #/u* chu k #0c 5u i.

C %P CHUMNN <m m/m vIt liJu b"ng nhiJt # trong l8ng khun v $)u #. 'n n. vo trong l8ng khun.

9:; <m +o vIt liJu trong kho)ng nung

9>;7(y vo khun

9A; BC khun

C! th hn Ch0ng t) hUy &Gm 5uy trnh c! th iuy trnh <m m/m vIt liJu #0c trong kho)ng nung vn nh_) #U lm m/m vo khun b"ng p l_c 7ng cgng nh_) n.ng ch%y BC khun v l'y chi tit r). ju #im iuy trnh #0c tng t_ nh #0c phun Zp* tuy nhiPn #0c Zp chuyn cLn nhiJt # c) vIt liJu #0c trong kho)ng nung # lm n.ng ch%y n. thnh nh_) n.ng ch%y. 1Y !ng rng rUi cho viJc #0c ch't +o nhiJt r=n. 70c Zp chuyn #U pht trin # #0c cc chi tit m kh. #0c b"ng #0c p l_c. Whng hiJn ti #Dc $Y !ng cho mt $F loi chi tit nh't #-nh. EFt nh't l $Y !ng # to r) mt hnh ng phgc tp hoQc l $%n ph(m #0c Ly. WhDc #im wi thnh $%n &u't c) khun c)o. Ac phun Bp ;7n><c#i=n :=? in!@ Ch2Kn! nO/ #0nh EO/ Pu #0nh BpQ cc 2u nh23c im cRn! nh2 h=S# n! cL- E khun Bp phunT

Shun Zp l mt trong nhHng phng php ch yu # #0c nh_). W. #Dc $Y !ng rng rUi # #0c cc $%n ph(m khc nh)u v n. c. kh% nxng to r) nhHng $%n ph(m ch't lDng c)o* gi thnh h v th[i gi)n phun ng=n. Khun p nha l mt h thng dng nh hnh ra mt sn phm nha. N ! th"#t $# sa% !h% ! th s& d'ng !h% mt s l ng !hu trnh sn (u)t nh)t nh. K*!h th+! , $#t !)u !-a $hun ph' thu! ,% $*!h th+! , hnh d.ng sn phm. /u0 thu! ,% s l ng , ph1! t2p !-a sn phm 34u !5u m $#t !)u !-a $hun ! th 6n g"n ha3 ph1! t2p. Khun g7m nh"8u !h" t"#t l9p ,+" nhau: ; nha ! phun ,%: ! lm ngu" nh hnh sn phm r7" 3 sn phm ra. <n phm ! t2% hnh g"=a ha" ph5n !-a $hun. Kh%ng trng g"=a ha" ph5n ! "8n 53 nha mang hnh d2ng !-a sn phm. 70c b"ng cch phun vIt liJu vo l8ng khun.

9:; <m n.ng ch%y vIt liJu trong &i l)nh.

9>; Shun vIt liJu vo khun

9A; <m ngui v tho chi tit r).

Quy trnh: Wh_) #Dc nung n.ng v trn #/u nh[ v4t t%i trong &i l)nh c. gi) nhiJt v n. $` #Dc +o h.) v nhiJt # trC thnh nh_) n.ng ch%y Shun nh_) n.ng ch%y ty &i l)nh gi) nhiJt vo khun vRi p l_c c)o. <m ngui # #.ng r=n nh_) n.ng ch%y trong khun. 7(y $%n ph(m r) kh@i khun nh[ cc chFt #(y. u im: C. th #0c hLu ht cc nha nhit do v mt $F nha nhit rn. C. th #0c cc chi tit c. ch't lDng c)o* gi thnh h v th[i gi)n phun ng=n. Chu trnh #0c c. th #Dc t_ #ng h.). C'u tr0c c) khun c. th #Dc th)y #,i t\y thGo hnh ng hoQc vIt liJu c) chi tit. Nhc im: Wu lDng vIt liJu #0c khng #Dc c'p ch4nh &c th c. th g2y r) khuyt tIt #0c. Cc $%n ph(m ch4nhX Cc $%n ph(m nh_) nh #^ gi) !ng* #^ ni th't t Ch0ng t) hUy &Gm &Zt c! th v/ hot #ng v v)i tr8 c) phng php #0c phun \ng my kiu v4t t%i. In! khunQ kUp khunT Khi #.ng khun* trRc tiPn t) #.ng vRi p l_c nh@ v $)u #. chf \ng vRi p l_c lRn trRc khi hon thnh # #.ng khun ch=c ch=n. Ni dung c th: Wu khun #Dc #.ng 5u nh)nh* n. c. th b- bin ngz v vIy 5u trnh kbp khun c. > bRc. Kbp khun > bRc c{ng hn ch cc nguyPn nh2n #i khi c. th lm h@ng khun nu kbp khun C p l_c c)o.

V# hWn! phun Khi khun #U #Dc kbp &ong* &il)nh phun $` i chuyn $)o cho #Iu r.t 9$pruG bu$h; c) khun tip &0c vRi hVng phun 9no||lG;.

1)u #. nh_) n.ng ch%y $` #Dc phun vo khun. C" #h ?O$ }p $u't #Dc \ng # phun nh_) n.ng ch%y vo khun #Dc gVi l p $u't b)n #Lu.

Du/ #0 p ?,cQ ?Om n!uiQ ?Om nIn! ch/ nh,-T Wg)y c% $)u khi nh_) n.ng ch%y #Dc phun vo khun* viJc giH p l_c v~n #Dc uy tr #n khi nh_) n.ng ch%y ngui trong khun. Erong khi nh_) n.ng ch%y #)ng #Dc lm ngui v #ng #Qc 9$oli iiG ; trong khun* vIt liJu n.ng ch%y cho lLn #0c tip thGo $` #Dc lm ch%y +o 9pl)$tic)tG ;. 3iJc lm ch%y +o ny #Dc th_c hiJn nh[ nhiJt $inh r) trong khi trn nh_) nh[ v4t t%i v b phIn gi) nhiJt #Dc g=n &ung 5u)nh &il)nh. C" #h ?O$ }p l_c uy tr c8n #Dc gVi l p l_c thg h)i. W. #Dc $Y !ng # b, &ung thPm nh_) n.ng ch%y b"ng cch tip t!c Zp nh_) n.ng ch%y vo l8ng khun #U #i/n #Ly* b\ cho lDng co ng.t 9$hrink)gG; trong 5u trnh cgng ngui* nh[ vIy c. th gi%m vt lhm 9$ink m)rk; trPn vIt #0c.

:: 'Xi hWn! phunQ mY khunQ #h= chi #iZ# Khi th_c hiJn &ong viJc lm ch%y +o vIt liJu #0c cho chi tit tip thGo v lm ngui chi tit vy) #0c* &i l)nh #Dc tch kh@i khun v khun #Dc mC r). Khi khun mC ht* chi tit $` #Dc #(y r) nh[ cc chFt #(y. Kt th0c ton b chu k Zp phun.

NVng phun c. th #Dc giH nguyPn # gi%m chu k #0c 9mol ing cyclG.;

Kt Cu ca khun I. Kt cu khun c !n :.:. Nh"ng #h$n ch%nh c&' khun: Trong cc loi khun nha, kt cu khun dng trong p to hnh, n to hnh, phun to hnh th ph n !uan tr"ng nht tr#$c ht l% &ng l'ng khun ()o )* i+n , &-t liu . c/ #0c 1)n ph2* to hnh nh# *ong *u3n. <'y l8ng khun lm trung t2m* khun #0c to th%nh t4 nh5ng chi tit 6 &ng l'ng khun, c/ th7* thit (8 2, 1)n ph2* ra kh9i khun, (: ph-n gia nhit, (: ph-n g lp khun tr7n *, &% cc trang thit (8 khc. ;go%i cc (: ph-n n7u tr7n 6 khun to hnh n &% phun, c'n c/ th7* (: ph-n d<n &-t liu n/ng ch), &%o l'ng khun nh# -u r/t, r=nh d<n, c>ng ph?n ph3i. @+ cA ()n c/ B (: ph-n 1auC aD @ng l'ng khun. (D E: ph-n d<n &-t liu F6 khun to hnh n &% phunD. cD Thit (8 2,, l, 1)n ph2*. dD E: ph-n i+u tit nhit : khun F(: ph-n thc hin gia nhit hoGc l%* ngu:iD. HD E: ph-n g lp khun &%o *,. ID Jc chi tit khun cA 16. Trong /, &ng l'ng khun l% &ng trc tip to kKch th#$c &% hnh dng 1)* ph2*, n/ #0c hnh th%nh t4 h3c khun &% lLi khun. Thng th#Mng kt h0p hai ci / g"i l% Nl'ng khunO Fca&it,D. @ hnh dng l'ng khun, : chKnh Pc kKch th#$c &% trng thi (+ *Gt cQa n/ c/ )nh h#6ng rt l$n n cht l#0ng 1)n ph2*, n7n l'ng khun l% (: ph-n !uan tr"ng nht. Ju to &ng l'ng khun c/ !uan h *-t thit &$i r=nh d<n &-t liu &% t, thHo cc ph#Ang php to hnh p nha, Rc p chu,.n FtranIHrD &% p phun *% khun c/ kt cu Gc th khc nhau. :.>. Khun (# nh)' ]p nh_) l phng php to hnh #i iJn cho nh_) nhiJt r=n. Wgoi r)* n. l c $C cho nhi/u phng php to hnh khc v khun \ng khi Zp nh_) c. kt c'u khun c b%n cho cc phng php to hnh khc. Kt c'u khun Zp nh_) c. #im khc nh)u t\y thGo hnh ng $%n ph(m* vIt liJu to hnh $Y !ng v chng loi my Zp. Whng c{ng c. th chi) thnh M loi nh $)uX . Khun hC. a. C. K. Khun k4n. Khun nY) k4n nY) hC. Khun ghZp 9$plit moul ;.

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Khuon trn Bnp ct b)vi) 1n phm Khuon 4i9lpng khuon;

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7. l khun #n gi%n nh't trong $F khun Zp nh_)* nh hnh 9>);. Khun ny #Dc hnh thnh ty h)i b phIn khun trPn v khun Ri. WY) khun trPn l b phIn khun #_c gVi l lhi khun 9corG;* c8n nY) khun Ri l b phIn khun ci* gVi l hFc khun 9c)vity;. 7 ton b khun vo giH) t'm gi) nhiJt* vy) gi) nhiJt vy) #, vIt liJu ng bt vo l8ng khun* #Qt p vo nY) khun trPn. Khi #.* o p l_c* vIt liJu thy) trong l8ng khun $` ch%y ty thnh mZp c=t khun thnh b)vi). Euy nhiPn* n.i chung kh. #t #Dc # ch4nh &c k4ch thRc o c. chi/u y c) b)vi)* hn nH) # loi b@ b)vi) cLn c. mt $F nguyPn cng $)u #.. 3% li* trong tr[ng hDp vIt liJu to hnh c. v%y b)vi) #n v%i* gi'y h)y $Di )$bG$t lRn th c. nhDc #im l kh. b%o #%m l_c to hnh* c{ng nh kh. #i/n #Ly vIt liJu.

Em phm) cT nh Em gi) nhit phm) cT nh Em khuon Em y $n phm 3mt hm <2i Em khuon phm) i Zng <png khuon Em gi) nhit phm) i Zng Em gTi Em y phm) trn Em y phm) 4i Em phm) cT nh
Nnh >.> Nnh >.> biu th- kt c'u th_c t c) khun kiu Zp ph6ng. ErPn hnh v`* khi mC khun* $%n ph(m tch kh@i khun Ri v m=c vo khun trPn* v ng[i t) \ng t'm gk # #(y $%n ph(m ri &uFng. Khun kiu ny \ng # ch to chi tit c. hnh ph6ng v tng #Fi #n gi%n nh hnh #)* bt* n0t cng t=c. Wu ch to khun ph\ hDp v lDng vIt liJu #) vo ch4nh &c th c{ng c. th Zp $%n ph(m lRn. Kt c'u khun to hnh b"ng cch phun hoQc Zp chuyn 9tr)nGr; m $` n.i $)u c{ng thuc kt c'u khun kiu ny. TD Shun kKn Wh hnh >.:b* l khun c. cLu to nh kt hDp giH) &il)nh v pi$ton. }p l_c #Qt C nY) khun trPn nPn c. tc #ng tr_c tip #Fi vRi vIt liJu to hnh* #. ch4nh l #Qc trng c) khun. Khun loi ny* c. th Zp $%n ph(m to hnh #n gi%n vRi vIt liJu c. #n v%i h)y $Di )mi)ng m C khun Zp ph6ng kh. th_c hiJn. Nn nH)* khun ny c{ng c. th cho hnh ng $%n ph(m c. # ch4nh &c c)o nh't. Euy nhiPn loi ny c. nhDc #im l hLu nh vIt liJu n.ng ch%y khng thot r) ngoi #Dc* nu khng #%m b%o lDng vIt liJu ch4nh &c th kh. #t # ch4nh &c thGo ch/u $2u $%n ph(m. Wgoi r) khun d b- nghiPng #i C mFi ghZp giH) khun trPn v khun Ri nPn chi/u y $%n ph(m $` b- lJch* khun d b- &Rc v in vt lPn $%n ph(m.

UDShun nVa kKn nVa h6 Khun ny* nh hnh >.:c* l khun t,ng hDp giH) khun Zp ph6ng v khun Zp chm v #Dc $Y !ng nh l khun Zp chm C nY) #Lu hnh trnh Zp* nhng phLn $)u lm viJc nh khun Zp ph6ng. Khun trPn v Ri #Dc #k b"ng b phIn Zp. 3It liJu thy) ch%y r) ty l8ng khun $` #Dc c=t #gt C b phIn #k g[ ny.

Nnh >.A UD Shun ghp Nnh >.M

1n phm <2i gi) ?mm ghnp

>. $%n ph(m c. v)i nh l lhi cun 2y #iJn* th ng[i t) \ng kt c'u khun mC* hnh >.M). Nn nH)* $%n ph(m c. v\ng c=t ng)ng 9un Gr cut;* nh le mQt bPn trPn hnh >.Mb* th coi v\ng c=t ng)ng nh l chi tit khun #Qc biJt v c. th $Y !ng khun c. kt c'u lhi trDt vRi kh% nxng chuyn #ng ng)ng khi #.ng mC khun. Khun t*+ hnh ,ng c-ch (# chuyn .tr'n/01r2 Shng php to hnh ny $Y !ng my Zp p l_c thng th[ng nh hnh >.* p l_c tc #ng phun vIt liJu ng ch%y l@ng vo l8ng khun. Whn chung* kt c'u khun #n gi%n v c{ng c. u #im l thit b- r+ ti/n. Erong tr[ng hDp $F lDng $%n &u't 4t* c{ng c. th p !ng hnh thgc ny. Whng
pi$ton Si$ton

u rUt Em trn Em 4i

ChTt ]n h4ng 1n phm

4i

tr[ng hDp $%n lDng nhi/u hoQc k4ch thRc chi tit lRn* t) cF #-nh chy pi$ton vo bn my Zp p l_c 9bn cF #-nh; v l=p Fng pi$ton vo t'm trung gi)n* v cF #-nh phLn l8ng khun vo bn i #ng.

Kt cu ca khun p phun Erong phn ny ch.ng t) $ hc v khuon > tm* khuon A tm v khuon khong rnh ]n Cu tr.c c bn c) khuon c &sc nh ty thuZc nhiu yu tT nhX hnh sng vt .c* $T lng $n phm* vt liu c) vt .c hoc l v trm c) rUt. Cu tr.c c) khuon c phrn loqi thGo khuon > tm* khuon A tm* khuon khong nh ]n v khuon c bit* m i loqi cU c ilm ring.

Khuon > tm Khuon > tm cU : Png phrn khuon p)rting linG 9S<X hGrG thG mol ivi G$; Png ny chi) khuon thnh > phnX cT nh v i Zng u ilmX Cu tr.c n gin hn l khuon A tm hoc khuon khong rnh ]n. wis thnh khuon cU thl gim. N thTng rUt b)o gm cng phrn phTi 9ming phun; cqnh 9$i G g)tG;* v cng phrn phTi tr\c tip 9 irGct g)tG;* cng phrn phTi ngm 9$ubm)rinG g)tG;* v tr\c tip thPng $ ng nhiu hn. 34i c) rUt ngm* t) cU thl tsch chi tit khi rnh ]n 9b)o gm u rUt v cng phrn phTi;* nh vy khong cn cU b4c ct b nU $)u khi .c 9t) $ hc thng bZ phn c) rnh ]n trong h thTng rnh ?unnGr 1y$tGm;. Whc ilmX Cng phrn phTi cqnh v cng phrn phTi tr\c tip cn phi loqi b rnh ]n* nn ch.ng khU t\ Zng hU) v khong tit kim.

9Click G)ch n)mG in thG igurG to i$pl)y thG G&pl)n)tion.; Cm u rUt rnh ]n v cng phrn phTiX 1\ lin h v4i nh l bilu in hnh 4i* ch.ng c snh u ring.

Euy nhin vic & l rnh ]n b)o gm c vic loqi b u rUt v cng phrn phTi. u rUtX l lTi vo* ni m nh\) nUng c phun vo khuon. ?nh ]nX knh chuyln nh\) nUng t4i chi tit. Cng phrn phTiX l ming phun nh\) vo chi tit th rnh ]n.

Ch. thmch :. Em kp phm) tr4c. A. Em khuon $)u. . Em . >. Em khuon tr4c.. M. Em kp phm) $)u. . KhTi .

. Em gi. . 3png nh v. ::. aqc ]n h4ng. :A. aZ nh v. :. ChTt y. :. ChTt .

. Em y. :. ChTt ]n h4ng. :>. aqc m rZng. :M. ChTt hi v. :. aqc ]n h4ng chTt. :. aqc cuTng phun.

Khun 3 tm Khuon A t'm cU > #[ng phrn khuon p)rting linG$ 9S<X hGrG thG mol ivi G$; mZt l thso rnh ]n v mZt l thso chi tit* nU g^m A phnX t'm cF -nh* t'm i chuyln v t'm ng l thso khuon. u ilmX Chi tit v rnh ]n c thl t #Zng tsch riPng r)* n ng rZng ri trong qng $n &ut l4n. Whc ilmX Cu tr.c ph-c tqp hn khuon > tm. wis thnh khuon c8ng c)o hn. t\ #Zng h) v #Dc sp

9Click G)ch n)mG in thG igurG to i$pl)y thG G&pl)n)tion.; Khun khng rnh dn 1. Khi nim. Khuon khong rnh ]n l khuon cU t bZ gi) nhit vo vng u rUt hoc rnh ]n* lm cho vt liu luon trqng thsi lu Zng* khong ong c-ng. khuon > tm v khuon A tm cn thso csc chi tit v rnh ]n 9runnGr$;* khuon khong rnh ]n ch cn thso chi tit l lqi rnh ]n trong khuon. CU M kilu ch yuX Kilu hng phun kno i 9&tGntion Wo||lG; Kilu ging 9Gll EypG;

 Kilu rnh ]n csch ly 9n$ul)tG ?unnGr; Kilu rnh ]n nUng 9Not ?unnGr; 9 c ng nhiu nht; Erong h)i kilu u l loqi khong cU u rUt nn c8ng gi l khong rnh ]n. Cpn h)i kilu $)u m4i th\c $\ l khuon khong rnh ]n. u ilmX Ko rnh ]n khong Dc l'y r) m ch cU phn chi tit #Dc thso r) nn khong cn cU bZ phn thso rnh ]n. Khong phi loqi b rnh ]n. u rUt hoc rnh ]n luon #Dc nung nUng bi bZ gi) nhit* o U nh\) nUng chy in y tTt. WU ph hp cho 5us trnh t\ #Zng hU) v cU hiu 5u c)o khi $n &u't v4i $n lng l4nz WhDc #ilmX Kt c'u khuon ph-c tp. wis thnh khuon c)o. Wp liu m't nhiu thPi gi)n.

9Click G)ch n)mG in thG igurG to i$pl)y thG G&pl)n)tion.; Cch cp nhit cho vt liu c l lm n.ng chy vt liu 9mol ing m)tGri)l;* nh\) thPng c lm chy o 9pl)$tic)tion; trong &i l)nh phun. Euy nhin khuon khong rnh ]n sp ng phng phsp rnh ]n nUng* nU lm t)n chy vt liu bng bZ gi) nhit. CU > kilu lm rnh ]n nUngX kilu nung nUng bn trong ng #l nung nUng vt liu th ch hng phun ph* v kilu nung nUng th bn ngoi #l nung nUng vt liu th ngoi hng phun ph nh $)uX

>:

Kilu nung nUng trong Niu $ut nhit c)o. Cn tr png chy nhiu. KhU th)y i mu 9 o cpn l4p ong c-ng bn trong; Kilu nung nUng ngoi CU h)i kilu $)u Niu $ut nhit c)o. t cn tr png chy.

iu kin thmch hp c) vt liu c) khuon rnh ]n nUng nh $)uX Khong nhy cm v4i nhit Z* Z n nh nhit c)o v .c nhit Z th'p Khong nhy cm v4i sp $u't* .c phun phi c lm nhit Z th'p. Whit Z lm bin ng nhit c)o l cU thl nh)nh chUng l'y vt .c r). Z ]n nhit c)o. Whit ung ring th'p. ChCc nJn! cL- cc E ph[n ch\nh Erong phLn ny ch0ng t) $` giRi thiJu tPn gVi* chgc nxng c) cc b phIn ch4nh c) khun Zp nh_).

Cc E ph[n ch\nh m khun tr!c (thng l tm hc)" < phn cT nh c) khuon* thPng tqo thnh phn ngoi c) $n phm. m khun #au (thng l tm li)" < phn chuyln Zng c) khuon* thPng tqo nn phn trong c) $n phm.

H] #h^n! / Ch-c nng c) h thTng y l ly $n phm r) $)u khi khuon m. Ko vt liu o u b co lqi khi chuyln th trqng thsi lng $)ng rn trong 5us trnh lm nguZi nn $n phm tqo thnh $ bU lqi trn l2i. ry l th\c t thPng &y r) o U cn cU bin phsp l csc $n phm t\ ri khi khuon. 3Ri cc khun thng th[ng c. th \ng mt chFt h^i v mt l8 &o* c8n #Fi vRi cc khun ck lRn ng[i t) c. th \ng chFt h^i c. l8 &o kh4 nZn Nnh v` $)u minh hV) mt v4 ! c) khun ck lRn.

Khun cK sY m k$p ph%a tr!cX CU tsc ng kp phn cT nh c) khuon vo msy np phun. m k$p ph%a #au" Kp phn chuyln Zng c) khuon vo phn chuyln Zng c) msy np phun.

'_i #023# Ch0ng t) $` giRi thiJu tPn goi v chgc nxng c) cc b phIn ch4nh c) mt lhi trDt 9$li G corG;.

'_i n`i ?an! C. loi c. cLn #(y nghiPng thGo hnh >K* c. loi nghiPng thGo hnh AK

C?ick <-ch n-m< #= isp?-/ #h< <bp?-n-#i=nT CLn #(y nghiPng thGo hnh >K <oi ny d ch to le ~n hRng cLn #(y trong khun hn loi AK* rUnh l=p bc l.t #Dc lm ng)y trong khun. CLn #(y nghiPng thGo hnh AK <oi ny kh. ch to le ~n hRng cLn #(y trong khun hn loi >K* rUnh l=p bc l.t #Dc lm tch r[i kh@i khun

>KimGn$ion)l irGction

AKimGn$ion)l KirGction

50nh #, cc chu/n n! mY khun Erong chng ny ch0ng t) $` m ph@ng tyng bRc chuyn #ng mC khun b"ng hnh %nh. Gm Ch-c nng csc bZ phnt lm phn ct ng)ng :Y khun

ptionautton: Wh_) n.ng ch%y #i/n #Ly khun* khi ngui v #ng #Qc hon ton khun b=t #Lu mC tyng Ln bRc.

Wu c. phLn c=t ng)ng trPn chi tit* n. $` gi%i 5uyt ng)y C l0c ny nh[ chFt &iPn )ngul)r pin v lhi trDt $li G corG

Wu g.c nghiPng c) lhi trDt khng lRn hn g.c nghiPng c) chFt &iPn th $` c. v) chm khi mC khun hoQc khng chQn #Dc khFi trDt. WPn l'y X :Y h=On #=On g.c hC 9g.c hC > n * tuy nhiPn* > ;

1)u khi chFt &iPn r) ht kh@i lhi trDt* khun mC nh)nh. <hi trDt ph%i #Dc ph%i C v- tr4 #Dc r) ht kh@i phLn c=t ng)ng.

c ph[n / Ed# euf5Gm / i ?gn

E'm #(y #(y cc chFt #(y v lhi nRi l@ng nh[ cLn #(y c) khun v $%n ph(m ty ty r[i r). CLn #Qc biJt ch0 &Gm c. cc g2n h)y v'u l^i trPn hnh trnh c) tho l@ng khng. 7i/u #. c. th lm lhi tho l@ng b- vRng* khng th i chuyn #Dc thGo yPu cLu.

/ chi #iZ# b=n!T T T 5Gm / hZ# hOnh #0nh

Khi t'm #(y #i ht hnh trnh* lhi tho l@ng ph%i i chuyn v/ ph4) c. th tho $%n ph(m r) #Dc. Sh%i ch0 #n v'n #/ $)u #2y khi &Y l phLn c=t ng)ng b"ng lhi nRi l@ng. Wu lhi nRi l@ng khng i chuyn v/ ph4) trong # $%n ph(m c. th tho r) #Dc th $` khng l'y #Dc $%n ph(m r).

Eh[ng t) l'y X 3 4 9A ; mm

4 X # i phLn c=t ng)ng Wgoi r)* nu hnh trnh #(y c) $%n ph(m l h* g.c nghiPng c) cLn #(y $li G ro ph%i lX

 935h; Ch0 #yng # cho lhi nRi l@ng chm vo cc b phIn khc khi n. #Dc #(y r) ht hnh trnh. cd# eu In! T T T khun -n! In!

1%n ph(m #Dc tho r) v khun b=t #Lu #.ng. Khi chFt h^i #Ip vo t'm hFc* kho%ng hC giH) chFt #(y v t'm hFc ph%i lRn hn # y c) $%n ph(m.

A:

Khun In! h=On #=On

ChFt h^i chm vo t'm hFc* m)ng t'm #(y &uFng v kZo thGo chFt #(y v chFt nRi l@ng. <_c kbp khun txng lPn ty th'p #n c)o ng)y trRc khi khun #Dc kbp hon ton. 7i/u #. c. th lm h@ng khun nu khun #)ng kbp vRi l_c kbp lRn khi c. - vIt C trong khun.

Chu kh Bpf Chu/n n! cL- c chu kh

Khun b=t #Lu mC im)gGg:.gi

Khun #.ng hon ton

AA Hc v li

Erong phn ny* t) $ hc v hTc v l2i* csch kilu khTi chn v csc gii phsp cho nU* nh v* vt liu* v csc csch $ ng khsc nh)u ph thuZc vo $T lng $n phm m i ln np.

Er4c tin ch.ng t) hc v nh\) nUng chy c phun vo trong khuon bng csch no. Khuon c cu tqo bi hTc v l2i. NTc l csi tm l2m. <2i l csi tm li. Ch.ng t) thy tr4c tin l nh\) o nUng c phun vo trong hTc. Chmnh &sc l nU c phun vo khong trTng gi) hTc v l2i

&'c v( l)i NTc v l2i c phrn chi) thGo phng phsp lm lin khTi v phng phsp ghnp. Sh ng phsp ny c 5uyt nh bi $T lng vt .c v hnh sng c) nU. Kilu lm lin khTiX NTc v l2i cU hnh sng tng t\ nh chi tit. Kilu lp ghnpX wm csc chi tit khsc nh)u c ghnp vo khuon l c hnh sng khuon cuTi cng* nU cU u ilm nhX CU thl $ ng vt liu khsc v4i vt liu khuon l ci thin tmnh chTng mi mpn hoc iu khiln nhit Z trong khuon. Khi khuon cU hnh qng ph-c tqp khU gi) cong tr\c tip c khuon* hoc cU nhiu rnh c $p &p thnh hng* th ng csc tm ghnp c gi) cong tr4c $ n gin hn. >* d'? Kh" !5n mt !h@ l7" h%A! Bng gCn D(Em hnh aF: ngB" ta ph" g"a !ng r)t nh"8u GH " t)t ! ,It l"u (ung Juanh n , $h" hHng r)t $h s&a !h=a. /r%ng hnh G dng m"#ng ghp K ! Ju. trnh g"a !ng , $h" hHng dL tha3.

Nnh )

Nnh b

CU thl th)y vt liu c) bZ phn b hng bng nhng vt liu c bit* ngoi r) khi $) ch) ch cn th)y th nhng chi tit b hng. >* d'? Kh" !5n !.! lMng $hun !1ng: $hng n4n t" !1ng ! mt t)m l"8n ! t)t ! !.! lMng $hun , lm nh ,I3 ! th G m% sau $h" nh"t lu3n h%A! n#u mt tr%ng !.! lMng $hun G hHng th ph" s&a t%n G t)m. N#u $hng th ph" Gt lMng $hun l2" $hun t"#p t'! h%2t ng. Kh" dng !.! m"#ng ghp rB" th mt lMng $hun ! th s&a h%A! ! th nhanh !hng tha3 lMng $hun d tr=. Em ghnp gn vo mt hTc c gi l khTi chn hTc. Em ghnp gn kt v4i mt l2i gi l khTi chn l2i.

Whng yu tT l 5uyt nh cU nn ng khuon ghnp h)y khong. c tmnh c)khuon 3t liu khuon 1C Ehnp chuyn ng Chi tit n gin <m lin c tmnh vt .c Chi tit ph-c tqp Nnh qng c bit Kng l2i chn <2i chn* hTc chn <2i chn* hTc chn

Nnh sng $n phm 5uyt nh nn ng chi tit chn c gn v4i hTc* l2i hoc c h)i.

Wgoi r) phng phsp lp ghnp ny c8ng c $ ng l ch tqo khi hTc v l2i l vt liu c bit* ph thuZc vo vt liu c) vt .c. Cc ki*u kh'i ch+n KhTi chn c phrn thGo csc loqi $)uX Kng bmch chnX Wu hnh sng c) chi tit l trpn &o)y th nn $ ng bmch chn* vic chn ny ch cn : gP bmch l ngn cn khTi chn khi b trt. 3t l hnh trpn &o)y th ch tqo khTi chn hoc khuon.

Wgoi r)* khi $ ng tm chn ch nht cU th c tip &.c v4i cqnh i.

Wu 6 7.* l=p ghZp # thGo hRng <* nu 6 7* thGo hRng 6.

<oqi ny thmch hp v4i csc ming ghnp loqi nh v vh). Whc ilm c) nU l lm yu khuon* nhng cU u ilm l chiu c)o c) tm khuon v csc ming ghnp cU thl gi) cong bng 5us trnh mi rt chmnh &sc. Kng khTi chnX KhTi chn thPng c $ ng khi hnh sng c) chi tit l hnh vuong. KhTi ny lin kt v4i khuon bng vmt. <oqi ny cU nhc ilm l vic tqo hTc rt t v rt khU lm c sy l phng v chmnh &sc. Whng csch ny cU c $\ lp rsp vng vng nn c ng cho loqi khuon cn csc ming ghnp l4n

,o kh'i ch+n Khi lm khTi chn hoc khuon th phi m bo Z chmnh &sc kmch th4c* l mTi ghnp gi) khTi chn v khuon khong cU khG h. Wu kmch th4c khong chmnh &sc th khTi chn khong c tip &.c tTt v4i khuon v $n phm $ khong p. 3ic ghnp khTi chn vo khuon c tin hnh nh $)uX

3Ri b4ch chTnX

3Ri hFc chTnX

KhFi chTn #Dc vt g.c khi l=p vo khun. KhFi chTn #Dc vt g.c khi l=p vo khun. Khi ch tqo khTi chn hoc khuon th tqi nhng ch cU cqnh $c phi vst gUc. Whng gUc ny cU thl khong c ch tqo l gUc vuong o cU gUc ln ? c) li ct* ng)y c khi khTi chn h)y khuon .c c ch tqo .ng kmch th4c. Wu khTi chn tip &.c v4i khuon m khong cU gUc vst th gUc U $ b v4ng v khTi chn khong c t .ng v trm . Wgoi r)* khG h l4n gi) khTi chn khuon $ gry r) ph phm. Ko U phi bo m tmnh cht lp ghnp thGo yu cu 9trong min ung $)i c) l v c) trc ; mTi lp ghnp ny c 5uy nh thGo tiu chun cong nghip Wht an91;. Kung $)i lp ghnp gi) khTi chn v khuon c bilu in bng 4i ryX Kung $)i le 9 8 ; anh th[ng Ch4nh &c N N Kung $)i tr!c 9 d ; h h

Erong U* min ung $)i c) l 9 K; c &sc nh c thl thGo thng c l * min ung $)i c) tr 9 ; c &sc nh c thl thGo thng c trc. Kung $)i lp ghnp ph thuZc vo Png kmnh ngoi c) l h)y c) trc v kilu lp ghnp 9lp ghnp cU khG h* lp ghnp trung gi)n hoc lp cht;. -. tr% kh'i ch+n

3 trm c) khTi chn c &sc nh bi $T lng chi tit h)y loqi khTi chn. nh v khTi chn nh $)uX Khi d9ng %ch ch:n: Khi d9ng kh;i ch:nX Khi d9ng kh;i ch:nX

9i- cn! KhTi chn c ghnp tip tr\c v4i khuon* c khTi chn v khuon cn c ch tqo chmnh &sc /0p rp K &sc nh v khTi chn vo v4i khuon v ch.ng c ch tqo chmnh &sc

Ch t,o khuon c lm v4i kmch th4c c) khTi chn cZng thm kmch th4c c) knh ]n. Ehm chm nu cU $)i lch v kmch th4c khuon th phng phsp ny & l bi v cU knh ]n 9c ch tqo ring; c $ ng l iu chnh. /0p gh1p KhU nh v khTi chn bi v cU knh ]n th)m gi) vo chu i kmch th4c lp v $)i $T kmch th4c &y r).

Ch t,o khuon c ch tqo hn v kmch th4c c) chm c ng l iu chnh ng)y c khi cU $)i $T v kmch th4c khuon. /0p gh1p Ko khTi chn c ghnp thnh bZ bn ngoi* nn l i v tip &.c mt &ut hin* &sc nh v trm c) khTi chn

& th'ng r nh dn"

Erong mc ny* t) $ hc v nhng ch-c nng* c tmnh v hnh qng c) u rUt* rnh ]n v cng phrn phTi.

Wguyn liu nh\) chy vo khuon 5u) h thTng cp nh\) \c miu t nh $)u 9hnh;X Wh\) nUng chy c phun th hng phun $ i 5u) u rUt 9aqc u rUt $pruG bu$h;* rnh ]n* v cng phrn phTi l in y nh\) vo lpng khuon. 2u r3t (cung phun): u rUt l knh nTi gi) hng phun v rnh ]n nh\)* 5u) U nh\) phun nUng chy c chuyln th u phun vo khuon. WU l mZt phn c) bqc u rUt* mZt chi tit ring c lp ghnp v4i khuon. 7Iu r.t l b phIn tip &0c vRi hVng phun c) my to hnh phun \ng # nhIp vIt liJu vo trong khun ty hVng phun c) my to hnh phun* cY) vo #. th[ng c. #[ng k4nh kho%ng A mm* tuy nhiPn c. th phFi hDp nghiPng >M # d kZo r) kh@i khun* #Lu ki) g=n vRi rUnh ~n. BQt tip &0c giH) #Iu r.t vRi hVng phun d pht $inh vt &Rc v d m8n* ng[i t) l=p vo #2y mt b phIn gVi l bc #Iu r.t $pruG bu$h # d th)y th khi h@ng 4nh dn" (knh !n nh"a) ?nh ]n l oqn nTi gi) cuTng phun v ming phun. WU ]n nh\) nUng chy vo lpng khuon C5ng ph6n ph'i" ( ming phun) Cng phrn phTi l c) m nh\) nUng chy chy th knh nh\) vo csc lpng khuon. Cng phrn phTi thPng c gi kmch th4c nh nht v c m rZng nu cn thit. Whng cng phrn phTi l4n rt tTt cho $\ chy m c) png nh\). Euy nhin* tr ngqi l phi cU thm nguyn cong ct v nU l lqi vt ct l4n trn $n phm. Cn ch. l cng phrn phTi cng ngn cng tTt. CU thl l th * n :* 9mm;. 3 trm c) cng phrn phTi rt 5u)n trng. wi $ nh iu kin phun khuon v thit k $n phm hon ton .ng* nhng v trm c) cng phrn phTi $)i cU thl tqo r) mZt $T khuyt tt khi phun khuon.

M:

Nnh u rUt* rnh ]n* v cng phrn phTi $ b loqi b $)u khi hon thnh $n phm. Euy nhin* rnh ]n v cng phrn phTi l phn 5u)n trng nh hng n cht lng hoc gis thnh c) chi tit.

Ch.ng t) hy mo t c thl rnh ]n v cng phrn phTi 4nh dn Khi nh\) nUng chy chqm vo khuon lqnh $ nh)nh chUng b ong lqi tqo thnh mZt l4p v* trong khi phn chmnh gi) png chy v]n cpn l nh\) nUng chy 9&Gm hnh;. <.c u l4p nh\) ong lqi rt mng v th nhit mt i rt nh)nh v l4p nh\) U cng y thm. 1)u mZt thPi gi)n l4p nh\) ong $ qt t4i Z y nht nh th nhit thu c th nh\) v nhit m) $st $inh r) th png chy $ crn bng v4i lng nhit mt. EhPi ilm ny qt c trqng thsi crn bng nh trong hnh >:. 3 nh\) ]n nhit knm nn l4p v ngoi $ Ung v)i trp l l4p csch nhit cho l2i gi) nUng chy c) png nh\) v gi nhit cho nU. Ko U nguyn liu nh\) v]n cU thl chy 5u) l2i gi) trong 5us trnh phun. Wu tTc Z phun tng th l4p nh\) ong lqi $ b mng i o nhit m) $st $inh r) c)o hn. Eng t\ nh th* Z nUng chy v nhit Z c) khuon $ c)o lm gim Z y c) l4p v nh\) ong c nh hnh >>. l cU c l4p csch nhit bng phng* khong nn l gUc nhn lm cn tr png chy. Wgoi r) thPng cU vng lm nguZi chm c t cuTi c) cuTng phun v knh nh\). iu ny cho phnp nh\) nUng chy cU thl chy 5u) nh trong hnh > v hnh >. Khi trong khuon cU knh nh\) i th vng lm nguZi chm l cn thit.

Nnh

Nnh l &sc nh r2 hnh qng* kmch th4c* v v trm c) rnh ]n cn 5u)n trm n cht lng v vt liu cn thit c) $n phm* $T lng lpng khuon* l m bo sp $ut phun 9inGction prG$$urG; v nhit Z c) nh\) nUng chy.

MA

&7nh d,ng rnh dn8 Knh nh\) cng ngn cng tTt l nh)nh chUng in y lpng khuon m khong b mt nhiu sp l\c. Kmch th4c phi nh l gim ph liu v lng nh\) trong lpng khuon nhng phi l4n l chuyln mZt lng vt liu sng kl l in y lpng khuon nh)nh v gim $\ mt sp l\c knh nh\) v csc ming phun. 3ic l\) chn tit in rnh ]n $)o cho $\ cn png chy v tn h)o nhit Z l nh nht khi nh\) lng chy vo lpng khuon. CU b) kilu tit in rnh ]n chmnhX trpn hnh th)ng hnh ch

Knh nh\) trpn c ) chuZng v tit in ng)ng hnh trpn $ cho phnp mZt lng vt liu tTi ) chy 5u) m khong b mt nhiu nhit. Euy nhin v mc mch ch tqo khuon* loqi ny t hn v knh nh\) phi nm h)i bn c) mt phrn khuon. Knh hnh th)ng c8ng cU li nhng $ phi $ ng nhiu vt liu hn. 1o v4i knh nh\) trpn th knh nh\) hnh th)ng gi) cong hn v nU ch cU mZt bn mt phrn khuon. 3 l o U* rnh ]n tit in hnh th)ng h)y c ng hn. c bit nU cpn c $ ng khi cU bZ phn trt 5u) mt phrn khuon ch cU rnh ]n. <oqi knh hnh ch nht khong nn ng v nU cU thl gry r) nhiu $\ cT. Knh nh\) hnh bsn nguyt v hnh cung l loqi ti nht v hin n)y mt c $ ng. EUm lqiX Eit in ng)ng c) loqi knh tTt phi l hnh trpn hoc hnh th)ng. Kmch th4c tit in ng)ng c) knh ph thuZc vo Z y thnh* khTi lng $n phm c8ng nh loqi nh\) $ ng. Knh nh\) phi c thit k l in y lpng khuon .ng t l 5uy nh l trsnh hin tng khong u ]n n $\ cT* b cong vnh. BuTn trsnh c iu ny cn cU $\ crn bng trong h thTng knh nh\). K%ch c9 rnh dn

7 lRn c) rUnh ~n 9 iJn t4ch tit iJn; lRn th tFt vRi $_ ch%y c) vIt liJu l@ng* tuy nhiPn nu rUnh ~n lRn th[i gi)n lm ngui $` i v th[i gi)n chu k to hnh i* o #. t\y thGo cc loi vIt liJu v # lRn $%n ph(m to hnh t) chVn rUnh ~n cho ph\ hDp. EhGo tiPu chu(n* C $%n ph(m nh@* #[ng k4nh rUnh ~n l'y A mm* C $%n ph(m lRn l'y kho%ng : mm. Euy nhiPn* tr[ng hDp nh_) nhiJt cgng v vIt liJu $Di thy tinh* c{ng c. th $Y !ng rUnh ~n lRn hn mt ch0t.
:

Nnh th)ng

Nnh b)\n nguyGt

Nnh tr8n

Nnh M Nnh ng tit iJn rUnh ~n

K%ch th!c rnh dn :c ;c .nh c< =>n th?o nh@ng chA tiBu" 1) #$ %& ca '(nh !n: a y rnh ]n c &sc nh c bn trong vt liu v hnh qng chi tit Wy mZt rnh ]n 5us l4n* EhPi gi)n ong c-ng l4n v chu trnh .c $ l4n. Wgoi r)* mZt rnh ]n rZng $ tTn nhiu vt liu .c* lm tng gis thnh. Bt khsc* mZt rnh ]n 5us nh cU thl gry r) khuyt tt vt .c nh l khuyt thiu 9$hort $hot; v csc vt l2m* nh hng &u n cht lng chi tit () )*+i nh"a: CU mZt $T loqi nh\) cU c tmnh chy long tTt v cU nhng loqi cU c tmnh chy &u* vic &sc nh hnh qng hoc kmch th4c c) rnh ]n cn 5u)n trm n ch tiu ny. ,) -hi$u i '(nh !n: Wu rnh ]n i* nn m rZng tit in l gim l\c cn png chy. Bc * nU lm tng thPi gi)n ong c-ng v ph liu o U lm tng gis thnh $n phm. Wn ng rnh ]n ngn nht nu cU thlX

M -!i cc chi tit mCng in y nh)nh nhP tng tTc Z phun v lm tng nhit Z khuon. <m rnh ]n nh l tTc Z png chy $ c nrng ln* phst $inh nhit o m) $st lm gim Z nh4t 9nhit ny phst $inh khi nh\) lng chy 5u) cng phrn phTi;*.

-!i cc chi tit d(D

in y th th nhP gim tTc Z phun l trsnh khuyt tt b mt c) $n phm nh csc vt l2m hoc csc r khm o khm l]n vo vt liu nh\). Kng bin phsp uy tr sp $ut l in y nh\) lng vo lpng khuon tTt. Ch tqo mZt rnh ]n l4n th hin tng vt l2m v hin tng khuyt thiu $ khong &y r).

Wgoi r) cn thn trng khi &sc nh kmch th4c rnh ]n c) khuon b) tm. khuon b) tm th)o tsc m khuon cn thGo trnh t\ &sc nh v thPng cU rnh ]n i hn. Wu tmnh tosn hnh trnh m khuon cn thit khong .ng th $ khong thl thso $n phm r). 34i rnh ]n c) khuon b) tm* cn thn trng ng)y trong b4c thit k. E' tr% rnh dn Er[ng hDp khun c. nhi/u l8ng khun* khi vIt liJu n.ng ch%y ch%y vo c,ng ph2n phFi #i tRi cc l8ng khun* nu c. $_ $)i khc th[i gi)n vo mei l8ng khun th vIt liJu #U vo mt c,ng no #. #Lu tiPn nhng v~n ch) vo cc c,ng khc. 7Fi vRi tr[ng hDp nh th ny* p l_c to hnh trong cc l8ng khun trC nPn r't c)o* $)u khi l8ng khun cuFi c\ng gLn nh #Dc #i/n #Ly th p l_c to hnh b=t #Lu txng #t ngt. Euy nhiPn khi #. C l8ng khun m vIt liJu #U #i/n #Ly l0c #Lu tiPn #U b=t #Lu ngui v cgng li v vIy cc l8ng khun khc khng th #Dc #i/n #Ly. 7 trnh hiJn tDng ny* vIt liJu n.ng ch%y cLn ph%i #t trng thi c2n b"ng #ng C trong rUnh ~n c{ng nh ch%y vo cc l8ng khun hLu nh #^ng th[i. Nn th nH)* t) ph%i #i/u chfnh k4ch thRc c,ng # $)u khi vo c,ng vIt liJu #i/n #Ly cc l8ng khun #^ng th[i. wi khong csch khong i th rnh ]n n csc lpng khuon khi .c nhiu $n phm. ai lm nh vy* sp $ut phun $ c phrn bT bng nh)u v nh\) lng $ c in y u vo csc lpng khuon.

3 vy* csch bT trm tTt nht l cU h thTng rnh ]n crn bng l ) gisc u 9A cqnh hoc $su cqnh; l gi khong csch bng nh)u cho tt c lpng khuon v phrn bT u sp $ut. K 4i ry l mZt $T vm

Nnh >. ) r) loqi khuon nhiu lpng khuon* U l h thTng knh nh\) khong crn bng* t) cU thl crn bng knh ]n bng csch m rZng n ming phun nhng $n phm phm) cuTi ri np th cho t4i khi nh\) in y ton bZ csc $n phm.

M ain phsp tTt nht l cho Z i csc knh nh\) c) tt c csc $n phm nh nh)u. Erong hnh >.* csc knh nh\) v csc ming phun u giTng nh)u* sp l\c trong tt c csc $n phm nh nh)u. Whc ilm l Z i tng t ng Ti l4n. Nnh O.PP

Nnh O.PQ

i H] #h^n! 0jnh kn khi !i- cn! nh,- nhi]# cCn! phLn trPn* ch yu gi%i th4ch hJ thFng rUnh ~n khun \ng to hnh phun nh_) nhiJt +o. 7Fi vRi tr[ng hDp to hnh phun v to hnh Zp vIt liJu nh_) nhiJt cgng* viJc chVn rUnh ~n v c,ng ph2n phFi hon ton giFng vRi tr[ng hDp nh_) nhiJt +o. Eh[ng th nh_) nhiJt cgng $o vRi nh_) nhiJt +o* # 4nh c) vIt liJu khi n.ng ch%y c)o v thGo ph%n gng h.) hVc $_ h.) cgng tin trin thGo th[i gi)n lm t4nh ch%y l@ng gi%m #i. Ko vIy* v cLn ph%i lm gi%m cc yu tF %nh hCng &'u #n li t4nh ch%y l@ng nPn rUnh ~n v c,ng ph2n phFi ph%i lm lRn.

C5ng ph6n ph'i Cng phrn phTi 9g)tG; c phrn thnh > loqi chmnh* loqi th- nht cng cU tit in lTi vo khuon hqn ch* loqi th- h)i khong lm hp lTi vo khuon.

Cng phrn phTi cU nhng ch-c nngX Nqn ch png chy v nh h4ng nh\) lng. K ct gt rnh ]n v gi) cong tinh vt .c. Wh)nh chUng lm lqnh v ong c l trsnh png chy ngc $)u khi nh\) lng in y lpng khuon. C5ng h$p R<s#0ic#il< 9-#< Cng phrn phTi hqn ch* cU mZt lTi vo lpng khuon hp l hqn ch mZt lng nh\) lng tqo iu kin in y khuon tTt hn. Cng phrn phTi hqn ch cU csc c ilm $)uX Shst $inh nhit ct 9$hG)r; nhP chy 5u) cng hp* nrng c)o nhit Z c) nh\) nUng chy v tng kh nng in y lpng khuon wim -ng $ut v gim khuyt tt nh bin qng* cong vnh 9)rp)gG; EhPi gi)n ong c nh)nh* chu trnh .c tt nhin $ ngn 3t cng phrn phTi th bn hn* nn khong mt nhiu thPi gi)n hon thin $n phm. -c l*+i c.ng ph/n phi h+n ch: C5ng ph6n ph'i c,nh 91i G w)tG; C5ng ki*u cnh Fu,t 9)n w)tG;

< kilu thong ng nht. t bn cqnh $n phm. EhPng ng cho cu tr.c cU nhiu hn h)i lpng khuon

EhPng ng cho chi tit qng tm rZng v bng phng KhU tsch b cng* hon thin $n phm v gis thnh c)o khi cng rZng Cpn lqi vt c) cng

C5ng ki*u i*m ch't C5ng 9Sin ngGm 1ubm)rinG w)tG 9EunnGl w)tG; Soint w)tG;

EhPng ng l .c nhiu $n phm. 3 trm tng Ti linh hoqt. Cu tr.c ph-c tqp o cU A tm khuon. C,ng ph2n phFi ng chFt c. th g=n vo mQt #y c) $%n ph(m ng hp nh@ v ng cFc tip &0c vRi long khun b"ng #im nh@. Nn nH)* C $%n ph(m lRn c. th #Qt c,ng ph2n phFi C nhi/u che v c{ng c. th #i/u khin #Dc trng thi #i/n #Ly c) vIt liJu tu thGo mei c,ng ph2n phFi 9gVi l trng thi c2n b"ng c,ng ph2n phFi; 9Nnh V;

Cng $ t\ Zng b ct b khi khuon m r) 3 trm cU thl th)y i 9tr4c* bn cqnh* hoc $)u c) chi tit; Cc loi c,ng ph2n phFi khsc #/u #Qt C mQt ph2n khun nhng loi c,ng ph2n phFi ngLm #Qt chm trong mt phLn khun nh hnh )* c. kt c'u nFi li/n C mQt cnh c) $%n ph(m b"ng le kho)n tr8n C trong t'm khun ph4) i #ng 9h)y cF #-nh;. ErPn hnh b* c=t vt mt phLn c) chFt #(y* v tip &0c vRi mt #Lu c) c,ng ph2n phFi chm C b phIn ny. Erong tr[ng hDp ny* c8n # li mt phLn hnh tr! nh@ i C $%n ph(m to hnh nhng phLn ny $)u #. $` #Dc c=t b@ #i. C,ng ph2n phFi loi ny* khi $%n ph(m #Dc l'y r) ty khun* v c,ng ph2n phFi #Dc c=t #gt mt cch t_ #ng nPn viJc Zp phun t_ #ng trC nPn d th_c hiJn. Nn th nH) c. lDi C che l c. th g=n c,ng ph2n phFi C ph4) trong $%n ph(m

Nnh X C,ng ph2n phFi

ng chFt 9c,ng ph2n phFi M #im; 7[ng k4nh le c,ng ph2n phFi ng chFt nu nh@ th vt # li khng n,i bIt* v nhiJt m) $t lRn tu thGo lu #ng c) vIt liJu hiJu 5u% h th'p # 4nh c{ng lRn nhng t,n th't p l_c phun c{ng lRn* v vIy cLn n2ng c)o p l_c phun. W.i chung #[ng k4nh le chFt #Dc lm thGo tiPu chu(n * :* mm 9Nnh :;.

S<

Nnh )

S<

Nnh :X C,ng ph2n phFi ng chFt

Nnh b

C5ng ki*u =Hng 9ilm w)tG;

C5ng ki*u van 93)lvG w)tG;

EhPng ng cho chi tit qng tm mng KhU tsch b cng* hon thin $n phm v gis thnh c)o o cng rZng

3)n c) cng c m cng vo thPi gi)n phun. u rUt v h thTng rnh ]n $ khong phi thso r) nhP ng phng phsp rnh ]n nUng c t mt tr4c hoc $)u c) $n phm.

C5ng ki*u Ia9Ki$h w)tG;

C5ng ki*u vu lJi 9E)b w)tG;

K]n hu4ng 9 kilu li;

u rUt

3)n c $
ShUng qi c) ph

uPng ]n

EhPng ng l in y lpng khuon th mZt hTc h)y l * 3t liu th cuTng phun chy r) ngoi v c tit in lpng khuon c in y cng mZt l.c. <oqi ny c ng cho trPng hp phst $inh bin qng o nh hng c) h4ng png chy* c8ng nh khi ng nh\) nhit c-ng hoc vt liu cU trZn $i thy tinh

Cng phrn phTi ny c b &ung thm mZt vu nh trn vt .c* vt liu nUng chy c ]n h4ng th cng phrn phTi khsc 9cng phrn

phTi chmnh; vo U ri vo lpng khuon* $)o cho vt liu th Png ]n khong chy tr\c tip vo lpng khuon. Kilu cng phrn phTi ny c $ ng cho loqi vt liu cU tmnh chy long knm* nhX polyvinylclori G c-ng* polyc)cbon)t* nh\) )crylic 9nh\) mGth)crylic;nh vy trsnh phst $inh -ng $ut h)y n-t o -ng $ut l4n cU thl c tqo r) gn cng phrn phTi* hoc trsnh nhng vt khuyt tt nh $\ tqo uoi* nU thPng &ut hin gn cng phrn phTi c) vt .c.

Shn vu li ny $ c ct b $)u khi .c. Cmn! phnn ph^i Sn! lon! 9?ingw)tG; C,ng ph2n phFi ng v8ng \ng trong tr[ng hDp vIt ph(m c. ng tr8n &o)y nh@ i. Er[ng hDp vIt ph(m hnh ng nh th ny nu #Qt c,ng ph2n phFi C cnh $` $inh r) bin ng C cnh trong. C,ng ph2n phFi ng v8ng l loi # nFi $%n ph(m b"ng c,ng ng v8ng m@ng ty rUnh ~n.

C5ng trKc tip khun mt l8ng khun* #Lu cuFi c) #Iu r.t liPn 5u)n tr_c tip #n $%n ph(m to hnh* c{ng c. tr[ng hDp khng $Y !ng rUnh ~n. 3Ri #Iu r.t nh th ny* phLn cuFi c8n lm nhiJm v! c) c,ng ph2n phFi* khi U nh\) lng in y vo lpng khuon tr\c tip th u rUt 9nPn ng[i t) gVi l c,ng ph2n phFi tr_c tip; Cng tr\c tip cU nhng c ilm $)uX wim $\ tn h)o sp $ut phun khi nhP tr\c tip th u rUt vo lpng khuon. ETn mt vt liu v khong cU rnh ]n Cu tr.c n gin gim gis thnh $n phm .c v khuon mt trc trc Euy nhiPn* v d pht $inh p $u't 5u lRn C 5u)nh b phIn c,ng ph2n phFi 9#Lu cuFi c) #Iu r.t;* o #. d pht $inh vt ngt C $%n ph(m t\y thGo gng $u't t^n ti.

-.ng t'"c tip c0

+ng 1au:

u rUt Ung v)i trp nh cng phrn phTi t mt tr4c hoc $)u c) $n phm 1 cpn lqi vt c) cng
M

A.

:.

Nnh M C,ng tr_c tip to hnh $%n ph(m nh_) SolyC)bon)tG

Lc .nh v. tr% c5ng " ilm : X t v trm cng phrn phTi ni m nh\) lng kt th.c vic in csc lpng khuon ng thPi. ilm > X t v trm cng tqi ni chi tit cU chiu y l4n nht. l trsnh csc vt l2m khi vt liu co ngUt ilm A X ilm t cng ni mt thy vt c) nU hoc ni & l vt ny khi hon thin $n phm. ilm M X Ersnh phun th phm) tqo &u h4ng tmch t khong khm trong kho)ng hoc khm $inh r) th nh\) lng. ilm X in y nh\) lng $ ng b mt tPng l khong b tqo uoi 9Gtting;

Cc =M phn ca u r3t Csc chi tit cU lin 5u)n n u rUt vnh nh v v bqc cuTng phun 3nh nh v cU ch-c nng nh v khuon khi lp t khuon vo msy np. aqc cuTng phun l knh l ]n nh\) lng phun th u phun th msy phun vo khuon Ch. n csc bZ phn $)u khi lp t ch.ng. -(nh .nh v.

Kilm tr) Png kmnh l nh v c) msy .c WUi chung* Png kmnh ngoi bqc nh v nn bng Png kmnh l trh i 9*: *A mm; Png kmnh l c ly thGo tiu chun thX * :* >* : v chiu y l : mm 9Eiu chun Wht an;

E,c cu'ng phun 91pruG au$h;

aqc cuTng phun thPng c toi c-ng l khong b vpi phun c) msy lm hng. Kmch th4c cuTng phun ph thuZc vo h)i yu tTX ) KhTi lng v Z y thnh c) $n phm c8ng nh loqi vt liu nh\) c $ ng. b Kmch th4c l vpi phun c) msy c8ng nh hng n kmch th4c c) cuTng phun. Z m c) cuTng phun phi l4n hn Png kmnh ming l c) vpi phun c) cm phun nh\) th * n : mm. asn kmnh trn bqc cuTng phun v hng phun phi tqo nn mTi ghnp ph hp. asn kmnh trn bqc cuTng phun phi l4n hn > n 9mm; $o v4i bsn kmnh c) vpi phun l m bo khong cU khG h gi) cuTng phun v vpi khi ch.ng tip &.c v4i nh)u. Wu cU khG h* nU cU thl l4n n ln gry rp r vt liu. wUc con c) cuTng phun rt 5u)n trng bi v nu nh 5us cU thl gry khU khn khi thso cuTng phun khi bqc cuTng phun. Cpn nu gUc con 5us l4n $ lm cho phn sy c) cuTng phun c8ng phi rt l4n nh hng n thPi gi)n lm nguZi. wUc con tTi thilu nn l : . CU thl phun khong cn cuTng phun* khi U vpi phun sp $st tr\c tip v $n phm v lin h v4i $n phm 5u) mZt ilm. Bt u c) vpi phun khnp kmn khuon. <.c U trn $n phm cpn lqi mZt vt rt r2. WgPi t) cT gng $)o cho vpi phun bn nht cU thl c. Png kmnh phun khong n :> 9mm;. 3 trong 5us trnh phun* vpi phun tip &.c v4i khuon c khTng ch nhit trong thPi gi)n cU sp l\c uy tr nn phng phsp ny ch sp ng l ch tqo csc chi tit thnh mng v4i thPi gi)n chu k0 ngn l trsnh $\ ong c-ng.

iu)n h gi) Png kmnh l hng phun v bqc cuTng phun thGo bngX 21X Png kmnh u phun 2(X XPng kmnh l bqc cuTng phun 41X bsn kmnh u u phun 4(X bsn kmnh bqc cuTng phun

21 2( mm 41 4(

2( 3 21 9. :.; 4( 41 :.mm

u u phun qng hnh cu v bsn kmnh cong tiu chunX :* >* A mm 9Eiu chun nht bn; Png kmnh u phun tiu chun c chn thX >*z Az Mz z z z : Wh\) lng sp $ut c)o th u phun c) msy n l c phun vo lpng khuon 5u) bqc u rUt Eqi thPi ilm ny uPng trm c) bqc u rUt v u phun phi trng nh)u l sp $ut c)o c) nh\) lng khong b rp r 3nh nh v c lp vo khuon l nh v khuon trn msy np.

LN lO phGn c0t ngang 9un Grcut; Erong chng ny bn hVc v/ cch &Y l mt chi tit c. phLn c=t ng)ng. n Grcut l phLn th=t li h)y phLn lhm c) chi tit. Khi tho chi tit kh@i khun* t) cLn mt vi c c'u # phLn chi tit tip &0c vRi phLn un Grcut c. th tho kh@i khun v chi tit khng th tho tr_c tip m khng c. c c'u ph! trD ny. iu trnh ny gVi l &Y l phLn un Grcut. C. nhi/u phng php khc nh)u # &Y l phLn un Grcut* t\y thGo phLn un Grcut l phLn trong h)y phLn ngoi.

Su$hpin

wrip o ) rivGr

wrip o ) cup

Ch0ng t) $` nghiPn cgu v/ phng php lhi trDt ngoi* phng php trDt trong* v phng php &il)nh thuO l_c # ch to phLn un Grcut. Ph<ng php l)i tr:t ngo(i

Shng phsp l2i trt 9$li G corG; ngoi thPng $ ng l ch tqo phn un Grcut ngoi. <m vic cng v4i 5us trnh chuyln Zng Ung m c) khuon* phng phsp y ny l ch tqo phn un Grcut. Shng phsp ng &il)nh thu l\c c8ng c $ ng* ch.ng t) $ tm hilu c thl $)u.

5hnn kh^i #023# < phLn th_c hiJn -ch chuyn g=n li/n vRi chuyn #ng mC khun. <Dng i chuyn c) lhi trDt* g.c nghiPng v chi/u i c) chFt &iPn l cc yu tF 5u)n trong C c!m ny. KhFi kho #Dc l=p # l8ng khun c. th ch-u p l_c ty bm khi #.ng khun. Erong khi khun mC* lhi #(y 5u)y li bCi l_c ty chFt g.c v l8 &o. o #. gi%i ph.ng chi tit kh@i lhi trDt.

Wu lhi trDt i chuyn 5u) &) v/ ph4) $)u th chFt v le khng khRp vo nh)u #Dc khi #.ng khun* v vIy cLn ph%i l=p mt khFi kho lhi. C c'u ny #Dc minh ho Ri #2yX Khong trt v gUc nghing c) chTt &in nh $)uX 1 X Z $ru phn ct ng)ng 1:X hnh trnh khong trt X gUc nghing c) l2i trt. X gUc nghing c) chTt &in. 1: 1 mm 9 > ; nhng > l trsnh l2i trt v khTi khos v4ng vo nh)u trong 5us trnh Ung v m khuon* t) phi thit k $)o cho gUc nghing c) chTt &in nh hn $o v4i c) khTi khos. Wgoi r)* l chTt &in c lm l4n hn chTt *mm l b cho $)i $T gi) cong.

<p &o hi v KhTi lng tmnh tosn khi l2i trt )ng trt th)y i ph thuZc vo h4ng trt. Khi )ng trt h4ng ln trn* khTi lng c) khTi l2i trt c tmnh gp > Khi trt thGo phng ng)ng* khTi lng c) khTi l2i trt c tmnh bng:* Khi trt thGo phng ng)ng* khTi lng c) khTi l2i trt c tmnh bng*

3m wi $ t) ng mZt khTi l2i y kg $ong $ong v4i mt t* hnh trnh l >mm. Cn chn lp &o 9$pring; th no

8 X 7[ng k4nh l8 &o 7 X Chi/u i khi ch) ch-u l_c > X Chi/u i nZn b)n #Lu < X Nnh trnh = X <Dng co li khi ch-u l_c c) khFi trDt K X 7 cgng c) l8 &o. ? X KhFi lDng

Wu \ng t%i nhb K .kg mmX Cc thng $F ny c. th tm trong c)t)log v/ l8 &oX 7 cgng Chi/u i t_ o 9< 7[ng k4nh ngoi 9K ; 9 7; =; 98 ; .kgmm mm A>.mm :mm

1F lLn \ng A* lLn

3 khFi trDt i chuyn ng)ng nPn khFi lDng c) n. b"ng :* khFi lDng khFi trDtX ? :. .kg <Dng co li khi ch-u l_c c) khFi trDt lX = ? K X = .. :>.mm Chi/u i t_ oX 7 > < = X 7 A>. > :>. .

: EhGo c)t)log* chVn* l8 &o c. 7 . Kt 5u%X 8 : 7 mm Ph2Kn! php Xn! kh^i #023# Egn #0=n! Wu c. phLn c=t ng)ng C ph4) trong chi tit th t) \ng cc gi%i php $)uX Ph2Kn! php ?_i n`i ?an!

}p !ng th4ch hDp khi c. che phnh hoQc Ip n,i nh@ ph4) trong $%n ph(m. KhFi trDt 9$li G unit;#_Dc l=p vo t'm #(y 9GGctor pl)tG; v #Dc nFi vRi lhi nRi l@ng 9loo$G corG; nh[ cLn trDt 9$li G ro ; Khi t'm #(y tin v/ ph4) trRc* lhi tho l@ng i chuyn thGo hRng #(y chi tit # tho phLn c=t ng)ng. C c'u ny ch-u l_c r't lRn C phLn r't m%nh c) khunz v vIy cLn ph%i ch0 #Qc biJt v/ # ch4nh &c v/ thit k v vIt liJu c) c c'u.

Wu c. nhi/u hn > lhi nRi l@ng* cLn ch0 trnh b- v) chm vRi nh)u. Wu ch0ng v) chm th c. th khng \ng #Dc lhi nRi l@ng.

Nnh trnh trDt v g.c nghiPngX 4 X Chi/u i phLn c=t ng)ng. X w.c nghiPng c) cLn Kho%ng -ch 3 4 Amm #n mm 34 !X Wu hnh trnh h :mm* 4 .:mm* kho%ng hC mmX 3 .: :A.:mm w.c nghiPng c) cLnX Ko 93 h;* 9:A.: :; .A Wgoi r)* nu cLn c. cLn #k 9Wl1o, iI thH tilt anglH i1 largHr than XY , a 1upport rod nHHd1 to (H in1tallHd.D

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1Y !ng khi $%n ph(m c. rUnh hoQc g2n 9rib; bPn trong Shng php ny \ng lhi trDt i #ng nh[ chFt &iPn.

Ph2Kn! php Xn! bi?-nh #hup ?,c Shng php &Y l phLn c=t ng)ng ny l phng php \ng &i l)nh thuO l_c m khng liPn #ng #n 5u trnh #.ng mC c) khun* v n. c. th chuyn #ng #c lIp.

1Y !ng phng php ny khi m phLn c=t ng)ng ph%i #Dc gi%i ph.ng trRc khi khun mC r) khi phLn c=t ng)ng n"m C ph4) hFc khun. Hhuyn ng c&' IiE'nh thuJ E)c EhGo phng php ny th phLn c=t ng)ng $` #Dc gi%i ph.ng bCi l_c c) &il)nh thuO l_c bPn ngoi. i l)nh Lu #Dc l=p vo t'm hFc v to nPn mt ci le.

9Click ithin thG circlG in thG igurG to i$pl)y thG )nim)tion.; K%nh IiE'nh thuJ E)c 3iJc t4nh ton # &c #-nh k4ch ck c) &i l)nh _) vo k4ch thRc phLn c=t ng)ng. a%ng Ri #2y $` #) r) cch &c #-nh p $u't cLn thit # t4nh #[ng k4nh trong cu) &i l)nh thy l_c trong #.X &il)nh 9 cm ; K X #[ng k4nh trong

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9 kg ; NJ $F k ph! thuc vo kiu my #0c Zp. 8 X Cylin Gr innGr i)mGtGr9 ; ' X Cylin Gr thru$t coGiciGnt . k X orking prG$$urG 9gGnGr)lly kg ; @ X ?G$in prG$$urG 9kg ; LM X rG) to rGcGivG rG$in prG$$urG9 ; LN X Cont)ct )rG)9 ; ? X 1li G m)$$ 9kg; EhG v)luG o k v)riG$ GpGn ing on mol ing m)chinG. > Z [ ).k. . [ .\ : \ > . M

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pro uct; LN lX 1> v C: 9 CA&> ; & 9C> CM ; 9 c* > ; KhFi lDng bn trDt 9thG m)$$ o thG p)rt )tt)chG to hy r)ulic cylin Gr; ? lX *9:>a:; 9 C:C>a> ;: A 9 kg ; 9trVng lDng riPng $=t t . ;

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Cc chi #iZ# / ;q><c#in! P-0#s@ ChTt y c kt nTi v4i tm y* y chi tit r) khi khuon Nt $-c thn trng ch. v trm c) nU l trsnh vt* bin ng* csc $\ cT $ut hin khi thso chi tit ChTt y l ch tqo* c8ng nh nhit luyn* snh bUng v cU thl t nhiu ni trn chi tit. 3 vy nU c ng rZng ri

Chi tit ch yu mnh vo tm l2i khi m khuon. 3 vy tm hTc c nh v phm) trn lpng khuon v tm l2i trn tm l2i* chi tit bsm mnh chc vo l2i khi co ngUt trong 5us trnh lm nguZi. WUi chung* nh\) lng c phun th phm) tm hTc* cpn chTt y c t phm) tm l2i. Cn ch. khi chn phng phsp y v v trm chTt y $)o cho y c chi tit r) khi tm l2i m khong lm hng hnh ng $n phm CU kilu phng phsp y $n phm. Ch't QD

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m QD Em y cU u ilm l vng y rZng hn nhng loqi khsc. m bo y c ng)y c khi l\c cn l4n. Nnh qng b ngoi l tTt hn v khong cU l lqi vt y.

2QD =Rng kh% n1n y bng khm nnn thPng ng l h tr 5us trnh y csc chi tit cU chiu $ru 9 qng trpn; hoc h tr tm y l y chi tit r) khi khuon ng. U l o nU cU thl trsnh phst $inh vng chrn khong gi) l2i khuon v chi tit trong 5us trnh y. Wgoi r)* khsc v4i chTt y* phng phsp ny tqo r) $\ thso khuon bi sp $ut u nn khong gry r) nhng khuyt tt nh X n-t hoc hitGning* bin qng* ng)y c v4i chi tit cU nhit Z bin qng thp.

Su tr7nh QD T =!c Shng phsp y chi tit ny gm > b4cX thPng $ ng kt hp tm y v chTt y. iuy trnh bt u bng tm y l y ton bZ chi tit* v kt th.c v4i chTt y l y csc vng nh vu 9bo$$;* hoc phn 9un Grcut;. WU khong gry r) cong vnh 9)rp)gG;* bin qng* hoc n-t 9cr)cking; chi tit.

2QD =Rng thuU lKc WgPi t) $ ng mZt thit b thu l\c l y chi tit. Shng phsp ny cU nhiu u ilm* nh vic ch Zng t thPi ilm y h)y tTc Z y. WU c8ng c $ ng mZt thit b )n ton l ngn ngh) cqnh chTt y 9GGctor pin; v4ng vo khuon nhP vic hq thp sp $ut thu l\c hoc l trsnh lm hng khuon bng csch hng khi iu kin ti trng khong c cho phnp hoqt Zng* vm khi tm y 9GGctor pl)tG; b kt.

Ern ry ch.ng t) hc mZt $T loqi chTt y khsc nh)u. ary giP ch.ng t) hy &Gm tm y c nTi v4i chTt y nh th no.

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BZt tm y 9GGctor pl)tG; i chuyln mZt chTt y 9GGctor pin;. BZt cn y 9pu$h ro ; c thp r) khi msy np l y tm y* nhP nU csi m chTt y y ngoi chi tit. BZt chTt hi 9rGturn pin; thPng c $ ng l hi tm y v v trm b)n u. 34i phng phsp ny* cqnh c) chTt hi tip &.c b mt c) tm hTc 9c)vity pl)tG; trong $uTt 5us trnh khuon Ung v y tm y tr lqi* nhng chu trnh .c 9mol ing cyclG; cU &u h4ng kno i hn. Khuon .c nh thPng ng lp &o hi v l hi tm y tr4c khi 5us trnh Ung khuon hon thnh y chi tit* cU thl r.t ngn chu trnh .c.

-% dV t%nh ton kh'i l:ng Emnh tosn khTi lng c &ut phst th gi thit l khTi lng tng cZng c) tt c csc chi tit gn v4i tm y 9GGctor pl)tG; 9 chTt hi * cn y* l2i n4i lng * khTi y; 9rGturn pin* pu$h ro * loo$G corG* $li G unit; ry ch.ng t) tmnh tosn n gin v4i khTi lng c) mZt tm y

KhTi lng c) tm y X :: & M & M : mm> : cm> : & * 9 khTi lng ring c) thnp; : MAg :*Mkg KhTi lng c) tm y a X : & M & : A > mm> A > cm> A> & * 9 khTi lng ring c) thnp; A :>g A*kg Eng khTi lng c) tm y X a :*M A* * kg

ChWn lX ;o hJi lX ;o ;o0n

3ic chn lp &o ph thuZc vo kmch th4c c) khuon. ry ch.ng t) $ hc v csc khuon cU kmch th4c tng Ti nh v vh). 56i khun nh7

A E) ly hnh trnh cn thit l y chi tit l 1 >mm* khong csch U bng khong csch th mt u c) tm y 9GGctor pl)tG; n sy c) tm l2i 9corG pl)tG; 9hoc mt sy c) tm ; Chiu $ru phn ch-) lp &o Khong nnn b)n u a Khong nnn c) lp &o Chiu i t\ o c) lp &o < Png kmnh chTt hi A

:. Nnh trnh th\c Nnh trnh cn l y chi tit X 1 >mm >. Chn kmch c lp &o Chn Png kmnh ngoi c) lp &o K Mmm cho kmch c lp &o th c)t)log v4i chTt hi Png kmnh A mm. A. wi thit chiu i t\ nhin c) lp &o EhPng ly thGo hnh trnh 91 & > ;* gi $ chiu i t\ nhin c) lp &o < mm hoc mm M. Chn 1?M* 1? M* v 1? M th c)t)log* v &sc nh khong nnn Khong nnn 9; 9mm; K hiu v loqi lp &o X 1? <oqi lp &o 9 c trng bi chiu i ; M Png kmnh ngoi c) lp &o Chiu i t\ o c) lp &o 1?M A 1?M A 1?M >M 11M >

. Emnh tosn chiu y phn ch-) lp &oX Chiu y phn ch-) 9 ; chiu i t\ nhin c) lp &o 9 < ; khong nnn9; <y gis tr c) chiu y phn ch-) lp &o 9; l4n hn $o v4i kt 5u tmnh c l kno i tui bn c) lp &o bng vic ly khong ch-) l4n v $ ng khong nnn c) lp &o thGo tiu chun. Ny cZng thm vo gis tr tmnh tosn >mmX Chiu $ru phn ch-) lp &o 9;9mm; 1?M A> 1?M A 1?M A 11M MM

. Emnh tosn khong nnn b)n u 9a; v khong nnn cuTi cng 9a 1; Khong nnn b)n u 9a; chiu i t\ nhin c) lp &o 9<; Chiu $ru phn ch-) lp &o 9; hnh trnh 91; Khong nnn b)n u 9a; 9mm; Khong nnn cuTi cng 9a1 ; 9mm; 1?M A > 1?M AA 1?M A >> 11M : >

. Emnh tosn ti trng nnn b)n u 9$; v ti trng cuTi cng 9G; cho lp &o Ei trng nnn b)n u ti trng lp &o th khi bt u chu ti. Ei trng b)n u9$; Z c-ng lp &o 9 K ; & khong nnn 9 a; Ei trng cuTi ti trng t ln tm y khi lp &o b nnn lqi. Ei trng cuTi 9G; Z c-ng lp &o 9 K ; & khong nnn 9 a 1 ; 1?M 1?M 11M 11M Nng $T lp &o 9K; 9kgmm; Ei trng b)n u 9$; 9 kg; Ei trng kt th.c 9G; 9kg; A* ::*: :>* A*:M >*:> :A*> *M> t ::*>M M*M M*M :>*M

Eh tmnh tosn trn* chn lp &o thmch hp nht. <y ti trng b)n u v ti trng kt th.c \) vo nhng liu chn l\).

Ny chn ti trng b)n u v ti trng kt th.c khong 5us l4n* nhng c8ng phi m bo lp &o bn. 1?M khong phi loqi chu ti trng b)n u* nU khong bn v khong ng c. 1?M cU ti trng b)n u 5us l4n 1?M cU ti trng kt th.c 5us l4n. Wh vy lp &o thmch hp nht $ l 1?M. Csc yu cu chn l\) $ th)y i ph thuZc vo ch Z y 9ngh) l tqo l\c y b)n u mqnh h)y yu;* iu chnh ty thGo csc iu kin thng thPi ilm khsc nh)u. -h* khun t'ung 89nh RX Png kmnh ngoi c) lp &o d X Png kmnh trong c) lp &o 7 X Chiu i t\ o c) lp &o 9&Gm c)t)log c) nh $n &ut; >. Chiu i lp &o l.c nnn 9&Gm c)t)log c) nh $n &ut; < X Nnh trnh = X Khong nnn bi ti trng c) tm y. K X Z c-ng c) lp &o 9&Gm c)t)log c) nh $n &ut;. :* X Ei trng ln mZt lp &o ? X Eng ti trng ln tm y y X 1T lng lp &o

3m v c)t)log Chiu i Chiu Z c-ng c) i l.c t\ o 9<; lp &o 9K; nnn 9;

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34 !* nu hnh trnh :> mm 9 hnh trnh #Dc tm _) trPn lDng i chuyn # #(y $%n ph(m r)* v #Dc &c #-nh trong khi thit k khun;* t,ng kho%ng nZn c) l8 &o v # co o khFi lDng c) t'm #(y ph%i lRn hn :> mm. EhGo b%ng trPn th kho%ng nZn lRn nh't l 9w;: mm* khi #. # i t_ o c) l8 &o l w* v vIy <A mm c. th ch'p nhIn #Dc. 3 vIy n. ph%i nh@ hn chi/u i b- nZn bCi t'm #(y 9GGctor pl)tG;X w<9; A9:>:; >mm . Khi c. nhHng kiu l8 &o khc nh)u* th ch0ng t) #i t4nh $F lDng c) h)i kiu l8 &o ph\ hDp vRi cc yPu cLu nPu trPn* # #p gng yPu cLu trPn 9khFi lDng c) t'm #(y giFng nh khFi lDng #U t4nh c) t'm #(y #U #Dc #/ cIp C phLn trRc;.

7O I+ cP kh+!ng n(n EQn: 7O I+ cP t!i trUng nhV: Ey cng thgcX Ey cng thgcX ?+5K =R ST?+ =IK ?+5K =R ?+ kg > mm &.A kgmm ST?+ =WK ?+ kg ?+ :.> kg > mm &:. kgmm ?+ Wgoi r)* ty cng thgc ?5y S ?+ * M. kg y S ?5 ?+ :> kg:.>kg hn nH)* ty cng thgc ?5y S ?+ * y y S ?5 ?+ :> kgM.kg y >A E4nh ton gi c% cho mei loi l8 &o #Dc \ng* gi c) loi l8 &o c. kho%ng nZn lRn $` th'p hn. Er% l[i* $Y !ng l8 &o c. KM* <A mm.

Erong viJc chVn l8 &o* #ng nhiPn #i/u 5u)n trVng l ph%i ph\ hDp #i/u kiJn thit k* nhng c8n mt #i/u 5u)n trVng nH) l viJc c2n nh=c #n gi c%* # b/n hoQc chgc nxng c) n..

rs Dt CHuN 'v wx KHs

w)$ $pring m)y bG $GlGctG b)$G on )$$Gmbling or thG Gight o GGctor pl)tG. Worm)lly it i$ u$G or ) rGl)tivGly l)rgG mol 9thG Gight o GGctor pl)tG i$ ovGr kg )ccor ing to thG incomp)ny $t)n )r o ) cGrt)in comp)ny;. wGnGr)lly* > to M g)$ $pring$ )rG u$G . EhG hG)viGr ) mol i$* thG morG g)$ $pring$ )rG u$G . hGn m)ny g)$ $pring$ )rG u$G * po$ition thGm $o th)t thG Gight i$ GvGnly i$tributG to G)ch g)$ $pring. <8 &o kh4 c. th #Dc chVn _) trPn viJc l=p rp hoQc _) vo khFi lDng c) t'm #(y. Ehng th[ng n. #Dc \ng vRi tr[ng hDp khun tng #Fi rng 9 KhFi lDng c) t'm #(y lRn hn kg;. W.i chung c. ty > #n M l8 &o khi #Dc \ng * Wu khun nQng th c. th ung nhi/u l8 &o kh4 hn. Khi cc l8 &o 'y #Dc $Y !ng* th viJc #-nh v- ch0ng $)o cho khFi lDng #Dc ph2n bF #/u trPn cc l8 &o. <8 &o kh4 #Dc ph2n r) lm h)i loi $)uX w)$ $pring i$ c)tGgori|G into to typG$X Ea EypG t$ outGr i)mGtGr i$ . n$t)llG to ) rGl)tivGly l)rgG mol . $ thG $pring con$t)nt i$ $m)ll* it i$ ur)blG. <oi EaX loi ny c. #[ng k4nh ngoi l . 7Dc l=p #Qt vRi loi khun tng #Fi rng* W. c. hJ $F #n h^i nh@* v n. r't b/n. Kw EypG t$ outGr i)mGtGr i$ . )$y to G$ign )$ thG i)mGtGr i$ $m)ll. n$t)llG to ) $m)ll mol . <oi KwX <oi ny c. #[ng k4nh ngoi l . W. r~t d # thit k #[ng k4nh nh@* v #Dc \ng vRi loi khun nh@. <Gt$ )$$umG our g)$ $pring$ )rG u$G hGrG or )n G&)mplG o c)lcul)tion. ir$t* c)lcul)tG thG Gight o )n GGctor pl)tG. E) gi% thit r"ng c. M l8 &o kh4 #Dc \ng # t4nh ton. 7Lu tiPn t) t4nh khFi lDng c) cc t'm #(yX

Gight o GGctor pl)tG 3 X :: M M : : : . 9$pGciic gr)vity o iron; :MAg :.Mkg Gight o GGctor pl)tG 4 X : M : A> A> A> . 9$pGciic gr)vity o iron; A:>g A.kg Eot)l Gight o GGctor pl)tGX ? 3 4 :.M A. .kg Bultiply thG c)lcul)tG Gight o GGctor pl)tG by :.A 9$)Gty r)tio;. :.A i$ u$G )$ ) common $)Gty r)tio hGrG. . :.A ::.kg :>kg C)lcul)tG thG Gight put on onG $pringX :>kg M >Akg A KhFi lDng c) t'm #(y X ::MM : mm A : cm z :.9 ErVng lDng riPng c) $=t; :MA g :.M kg. KhFi lDng c) t'm #(y aX :M: A> mm A A> cm z A>.9 ErVng lDng riPng c) $=t; A:> g A. kg.
A

E,ng khFi lDng c) t'm #(yX a :.MA. . kgz Wh2n khFi lDng t4nh ton #Dc C trPn vRi :.A9 hJ $F )n ton;X .:.A ::. kgz KhFi lDng trPn mhi l8 &o lX :>M >A kg. &)mplG o c)t)log 34 ! c. )nh m!c $)uX

w)$ $pring con$t)nt 9 = ; :.mm

1trokG 9X; >mm

Con$t)nt 9H; M NJ $F 9C; M cm

>

illing prG$$urG 9@; Bin. B)&. :kg }p $u't np 9S;

<o) $GlGction r)ngG 9 ?+ ; >A kg

hJ $F l8 &o kh4 Nnh trnh 9w; 9; :. mm > mm

> kgcm $ thG Gight put on onG $pring ill bG >Akg* Kw g)$ $pring mGGt$ thG rG5uirGmGnt$ o lo) $GlGction r)ngG. EhGo #. khFi lDng trPn mei l8 &o $` lX >A kg* loi l8 &o Kw #p gng #i/u kiJn c) kho%ng t%i trVng. 7i t4nh ton p $u't np X Ey cng thgc S : C t) c.X S :>AM .A 9kgcm ; Eo c)lcul)tG illing prG$$urG rom @ : ?+ H X @ : >A M .A 9kg ; $ illing prG$$urG i$ u$G bGtGGn min. o kg )n m)&. o :kg * thi$ con ition i$ mGt. Eo c)lcul)tG corrG$pon ing $pring con$t)nt rom K = @ : X K :. .A : :.: 9kgmm; Eo c)lcul)tG i$pl)cGmGnt rom thG top G) cGntGr. o pi$ton ro rom ? @ 9= X H ; : X ? .A 9:. > M; : M>. 9kg; 7i t4nh ton p $u't np X Ey cng thgc S : C t) c.X S :>AM .A 9kgcm> ; }p $u't np #Dc ung n"m trong kho%ng 9 :9kgcm> ;;* #i/u kiJn ny #Dc tho% mUn. E4nh ton hJ $F #^ng v- c) l8 &oX
>

Kho%ng t%i trVng 9 ; : >A kg

@ X illing prG$$urG ?+ X )rly lo) H X Con$t)nt 9$GG ) c)t)log by G)ch m)nu)cturGr or Gt)il$;. K X CorrG$pon ing $pring con$t)nt = X w)$ $pring coGiciGnt 9$GG ) c)t)log by G)ch m)nu)cturGr;. X X Si$ton ro i$pl)cGmGnt

@: -# /ut n*#Y ?Z : t!i trUng 'n CuY H: h,ng /; K: h[ /; \ng ]^ c&' EO I+Y =: h[ /; c&' EO I+Y. I1m d'nh mc c&' nhB /!n Iut2

Ey cng thgcX KwS:* t) c. K:..A: :.:9kgmm;z E4nh chuyn v- ty #im cht trPn c) pi$ton* t) c. cng thgc X S9wC;: .A9:.>M;: M>.9kg;. E4nh chuyn v- ty #im cht trPn c) pi$ton* t) c. cng thgc X S9wC;: .A9:.>M;: M>.9kg;.

X: chuyn ]^ c&' #i/t+n

.u-?i#/ =F :=? < P-0#s

CH1yN9 77 CHz5 '1{N9 C|* C&C CH7 57}5 C
Ehi$ ch)ptGr G&pl)in$ thG mol ing procG$$* hich i$ clo$Gly rGl)tG to thG 5u)lity o thG mol G pro uct$. t )l$o G$cribG$ thG kGy )$pGct$ o 5u)lity improvGmGnt. Chng ny idn gi%i 5u trnh #0c *5u trnh ny c. 5u)n hJ vRi ch't lDng c) $%n ph(m #0c.Wgoi r) n. c8n cho bit hRng c%i tin ch't lDng.

.u-?i#/ =F :=? < P-0#s

ChG# '23n! CL- Chi 5iZ# Ac nGction mol ing i$ ) $tr)ight or)r )n Gconomic)l mol ing mGtho th)t )llo$ or m)$$pro uction o complG&$h)pG mol ing$ to high prGci$ion $t)n )r $. EhG 5u)lity o thG mol G p)rt$ i$ l)rgGly GtGrminG by thG pGrorm)ncG o thG inGctionmol ing m)chinG )$ Gll )$ by thG prGci$ion )n thG unction o thG mol . t i$ )l$o inluGncG grG)tly by thG mol ing m)tGri)l. 3)riou$ combinG )ctor$ involvG mol ing pro uctionz ) high5u)lity mol ing ill bG )chiGvG upon goo con ition o )ll GlGmGnt$. Khun phun l mt hRng c%i tin v phng php #0c tit kiJm *phng php ny cho phZp #0c $%n ph(m vRi $%n lDng lRn hnh )ng phgc tp * # ch4nh &c tiPu chu(n c)o. 7Qc t4nh c) cc chi tit #0c l r't #) ng ph! thuc vo nxng $u't phun c) khun my #Dc &Gm nh # ch4nh &c v #Qc t4nh c) khun.Wgo)i r) n. c8n ch-u %nh hRng lRn bCi vIt liJu #0c.1_ kt hDp cc thng $F khc nh)u th)m gi) vo $%n ph(m #0c zCh't lDng vIt #0c c)o $` #t #Dc nh[ vo cc #i/u kiJn thuIn lDi c) t't c% cc yu tF . EhG olloing )rG thG $pGciic )ctor$X

BE?< EypG* SricG* phy$ic)l propGrtiG$ K1wW KimGn$ion$* KimGn$ion tolGr)ncG$* h)n ling o thG un Grcut p)rt$ B<K EypG o thG mol * G$ign o G)ch p)rt* G$ign o GGctor* Gtc W3?WBWE Sro uction c)p)city )n )cilitiG$ in thG m)nu)cturing pl)nt B<KWw BCNW C)p)bilitiG$ o thG mol ing m)chinG 9cl)mping orcG* inGction prG$$urG * pl)$tici|ing )bility o thG mol ing m)tGri)l* Gtc. CWKEW Bol ing con ition or mol ing cyclG KRi #2y l $_ ph2n loi cc yu tF X 3E < <oi *gi tr-*t4nh ch't vIt l . ENE K K4ch thRc* ung $)i k4ch thRc*&Y l cc b phIn c. rUnh c=t ng)ng. KNW <oi khun*thit k tyng b phIn* Fng phun*kt th0c . B E?jWw Kh% nxng v cc phng tiJn trong k hoch $%n &u't . KNW B} Kh% nxng c) khun my 9l_c kbp* p l_c phun*kh% nxng ho +o c) vIt liJu #0c*kt th0c . 7 KW 7i/u kiJn #0c hoQc chu trnh #0c .

:=? in! P0=c<ss

.A- 50nh AcT

>

EhG 5u)lity o thG mol G pro uct$ 9)ppG)r)ncG* imGn$ion )n unction; i$ rGl)tG to v)riou$ )ctor$ uring thG mol ing procG$$. $ thG $h)pG o mol G pro uct$ bGcomG$ complG&* thG )ctor$ in mol ing procG$$ bGcomG complic)tG . t i$ $)i th)t prG icting )ny mol ing rGl)tG phGnomGnon i$ iicult GvGn though it i$ po$$iblG to )n)ly|G $uch phGnomGnon. EhGrGorG* it i$ nGcG$$)ry to G$ign thG mol ing p)rt$ through comp)ri$on )n G&)min)tion o m)ny c)$G$. EhG mol ing procG$$ i$ cl)$$iiG into thG olloing procG$$G$. EhG 5u)lity o thG mol G p)rt$ i$ clo$Gly rGl)tG to thG$G procG$$G$. nGction lo SrocG$$ Ch't lDng c) $%n ph(m #0c9hnh ng *k4ch thRc*t4nh ch't; c. liPn hJ tRi cc yu tF khc nh)u trong 5u trnh #0c.Wh l hnh ng c) cc $%n ph(m #0c $` trC nPn phgc tp*cc yu tF c) 5u trnh #0c $` trC nPn phgc tp. 7 _ bo mFi liPn hJ giH) cc hiJn tDng #0c l kh. khxn*v vIy n. c. th ph2n t4ch nh hiJn tDng .3 vIy cLn thit thit k $%n ph(m #0c 5u) $o $nh v kim tr) vRi nhi/u tr[ng hDp.i0) trnh #0c #Dc ph2n r) lm nxm 5u trnh Ri #2y. Ch't lDng c) cc chi tit #0c c. 5u)n hJ vRi nhHng 5u trnh ny.

Ehi$ i$ ) procG$$ in hich pl)$tic)tG moltGn pl)$tic$ i$ inGctG into thG mol c)vit y. EhG moltGn pl)$tic$ inGctG initi)lly m)kG$ thG G&tGrn)l p)rt o thG p)rt )n th)t inGctG l)tGr m)kG$ thG intGrn)l p)rt o thG p)rt. EhG moltGn pl)$tic$ inGctG ir$t inluGncG$ thG )ppG)r)ncG o thG p)rt. :iu trnh phun ch%y. 72y l 5u trnh trong #. vIt liJu t)n ch%y #Dc phun vo cc hFc khun. Ch't +o t)n ch%y #Lu tiPn phun vo to r) b phIn bPn ngoi c) chi tit v phLn phun vo mun hn to r) b phIn bPn trong c) chi tit.Ch't +o t)n ch%y phun #Lu tiPn %nh hRng #n hnh ng c) chi tit .

nGction illing SrocG$$ Ehi$ i$ thG procG$$ in hich moltGn pl)$tic$ i$ inGctG into thG mol c)vity. hGn thG inGction prG$$urG i$ r)i$G * pl)$tic$ $ink m)rk i$ rG ucG . NoGvGr* thi$ oul )l$o Gncour)gG GvGlopmGnt o Gorm)tion )roun thG g)tG. EhG incrG)$G in inGction prG$$urG oul rG5uirG morG orcG to A

t)kG thG p)rt out o thG mol . Ehi$ coul lG) to thG GvGlopmGnt o Gorm)tion$ )t thG timG o rGmov)l rom mol . >iu trnh phun #Ly . 72y l 5u trnh ch't +o t)n ch%y #Dc phun vo hFc khun . Khi p $u't phun #Dc #Dc n2ng lPn*vt lhm ch't +o $` #Dc gi%m bRt.Euy nhiPn *5u trnh ny c{ng khuyn kh4ch $_ bin ng &ung 5u)nh cY).1_ gi) txng p $u't phun #8i h@i thPm l_c # m)ng b phIn bPn ngoi khun.a phIn ny c. th bVc ch # pht trin bin ng ti th[i #im loi b@ kh@i khun.

w)tG 1G)l 9w)tG Clo$urG; SrocG$$ Ehi$ i$ thG procG$$ rom inGction complGtion through g)tG $G)ling 9g)tG clo$urG;. Nol ing prG$$urG 9$Gcon )ry prG$$urG; i$ )ppliG uring cooling )n $oli iic)tion o thG g)tGz it i$ G$ignG to improvG thG illing o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ by rG ucing mol ing $hrink)gG. Aiu trnh b-t k4n cY)9cY) k4n;. 72y l 50) trnh ty phun hon thnh 5u) cY) b-t k4n9cY) #.ng k4n; . }p $u't thnh phLn 9p $u't thg h)i; #Dc cho thPm trong khi lm mt v ho r=n c) cY) zW. #Dc thit k nh"m gi) txng kh% nxng #i/n #Ly ch't +o t)n ch%y bCi gi%m bRt # co c) khun .

Cooling SrocG$$ EhG moltGn pl)$tic$ ithin thG c)vity i$ coolG )n $oli iiG uring thi$ procG$$ hilG thG g)tG i$ $G)lG 9clo$G ;. EhG iGrGncG in cooling r)tG ithin thG moltGn pl)$tic$ oul c)u$G intGn$G $hrink)gG )t thG thickGr p)rt o thG p)rt. Ehi$ oul rG$ult in ) $ink m)rk* bubblG$* or rG$i u)l Gorm)tion o thG p)rt. Mi0) trnh lm mt Ch't +o t)n ch%y bPn trong cc hFc #Dc lm mt v ho r=n trong 50) trnh ny. Erong khi cY) #Dc b-t k4n9#.ng;.1_ khc nh)u giH) ch # lm mt bPn trong ch't +o t)n ch%y $` l nguyPn nh2n g2y co mnh C b ph2n Ly hn c) chi tit.i0) trnh nLy $` g2y r) vt lhm*bVt kh4*hoQc bin ng c) chi tit. Bol ?Gmov)l SrocG$$ Ehi$ i$ thG procG$$ in hich thG coolG )n $oli iiG pl)$tic$ i$ GGctG rom thG c)vity )n rGmovG rom thG mol . EhG p)rt mu$t bG GGctG M

GvGnly in rGl)tion to GGctor pin po$itionz othGri$G* GGctivG con ition$ $uch )$ )rping* hitGning* or cr)cking oul occur. iu trnh tho khun 72y l 5u trnh trong #. $_ lm mt v ho r=n ch't +o #Dc phun ty hFc v i chuyn kh@i khun.a phIn ny phun /u c. 5u)n hJ vRi chFt #(y v- tr4zmQt khc #i/u kiJn khim khuyt nh l cong vPnh*m $` &u't hiJn .

H=~ #= 7mp0=l< #h< .u-?i#/ =F #h< P-0#sTTT

Ci 5iZn ChG# '23n! CL- Cc Chi 5iZ# Nh2 f

ppG)r)ncG EhG )ppG)r)ncG o thG pl)$tic$ p)rt i$ import)nt bGc)u$G it i$ otGn u$G or homG GlGctric )ppli)ncG$* G&tGrior p)rt$ o thG hou$G hol ing pro uct$* or intGrior p)rt$ o )utomobilG$. KG$ign o thG p)rt )n thG mol $houl bG pGrormG c)rGully in con$i Gr)tion o thG olloing ) vicGX

Hnh Dn!
Nnh ng c) chi tit ch't +o l 5u)n trVng bCi v n. th[ng #Dc \ng cho cc !ng c! #iJn trong nh*b/ mQt ngoi c) cc $%n ph(m nh nghf*hoQc cc chi tit bPn ngoi c) t. Khi thit k cc b phIn v khun nPn th_c hiJn c(n thIn cc ch0 c) cc l[i khyPn Ri #2y X S)rting linG Sl)in or $implG curving $ur)cG$ $houl h)vG p)rting linG$ to prGvGnt thG GvGlopmGnt o l)$hG$. 2n! Phnn khun . a/ mQt ph6ng v b/ mQt cong #n gi%n nPn c. #[ng ph2n khun # c%n trC $_ pht trin c) b)vi) . w)tG t i$ ) principlG to $Gt thG g)tG po$ition $o th)t thG lo o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ i$ Gll b)l)ncG )n con$i$tGnt. C7Qt v- tr4 cY) ph%i tu2n thGo 5ui t=c # cho 8ng ch%y c) ch't +o t)n ch%y #Dc c2n b"ng tFt v chQt $4t.

Gction KGtGrminG thG GGcting po$ition $o th)t thG p)rt c)n bG rGmovG uniormly. t i$ )l$o rGcommGn G to m)kG thG GGction )rG) )$ l)rgG )$ po$$iblG. +, phun c #-nh v- tr4 phun #n cc b phIn c. th i chuyn #/u.Wgoi r) c8n khuyn co to r) khng gi)n phun lRn nh c. th. n Grcut t i$ prGGr)blG to G$ign thG p)rt ithout )ny un Grcut* but hGn it i$ not )voi )blG* u$G ) mGtho $uch )$ $li G corG. KimGn$ion Rjnh cd# W. #Dc thit k ph\ hDp b phIn rUnh c=t bPn trong*nhng khi n. khng th trnh #Dc*$Y !ng ph, bin nh l lhi trDt. Sl)$tic$ $hrink)gG i$ c)u$G by $GvGr)l )ctor$ $uch )$ thG phy$ic)l con ition o thG mol ing m)tGri)l* p)rt imGn$ion* mol ing con ition* )n thG GnvironmGnt in hich it i$ u$G . G h)vG G&)minG G)ch con ition )n $GlGctG thG )ppropri)tG m)tGri)l* imGn$ion )n con ition or mol ing. K\ch #h2`c Ch't +o co ng.t nguyPn nh2n o nhi/u yu tF khc nh)u nh l trng thi vIt l c) vIt liJu #0c*k4ch thRc b phIn* #i/u kiJn #0c*v mi tr[ng $Y !ng. Ch0ng t) ph%i kim tr) mei #i/u kiJn v l_) chVn vIt liJu ph\ hDp*k4ch thRc v cc #i/u kiJn # #0c.

B)or Sl)$tic$ pro uct$ Sl)$tic$ b)g$* tr)$h b)g ntGrior or G&tGrior p)rt$ o

?G$in SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS;

nGction prG$$urG kg :M :M

?G$in tGmpGr)turG :A >A

Bol tGmpGr)turG : M

)utomobilG )tGr pipG* $G)gG pipG* GlGctric pipG oo cont)inGr 9ClG)r; ptic)l i$k $uch )$ CK* K3K SC* SrintGr* Gtc. Boving p)rt$ o m)chinG$ 9bG)ring* Gtc.; Wh_) $%n &u't ch4nh E0i nh_)*nh_) ph th%i b phIn bPn trong v bPn ngoi c) t Fng nRc * Fng nRc th%i* Fng #iJn Np #_ng thgc xn 9 $ch ; 7) 5u)ng nh l CK* K3K SC*By in Chi tit i #ng c) m)y 9gi t_) ; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S; nh_) : : : : :: A

:A: >A>

> :>

>>

: }p $u't phun 9kgcm; :M

>AA nhiJt # nh_) 9C; :A

> nhiJt # khun 9C ;

SolyGtilGn 9S ; SolypopylGn 9 pp ; Solyvinylclori 9S3C; Soply$tyrGn 9S1 ; Slyc)cbon)t 9SC; crinitrilG but) iGn$tylGn 9 a1 ; Soly)mi 9 S ;

:M

>A

: : : :

::

: A: >A>

> >:>

>>

>AA

>

Dim<nsi=n =F P-0#s
Ehi$ ch)ptGr G&pl)in$ thG mol ing 9p)rt; $hrink)gG r)tG* r)t )nglG )n lo p)th r)tio th)t nGG to bG con$i GrG hGn GtGrmining p)rt imGn$ion$.

P-0# +h0ink-!< R-#<

Bol ing 9p)rt; $hrink)gG GvGlop$ uG to hG)t )n prG$$urG uring mol ing. EhG $hrink)gG r)tG v)riG$ )mong G)ch mol ing m)tGri)l GpGn ing on thG $i|G or con ition o thG p)rt$. cry$t)llinG pl)$tic$ h)$ ) highGr )n v)riG $hrink)gG r)tG th)n )morphou$ pl)$tic$. EhG highGr cry$t)llinG pl)$tic$ r)tG i$ uG to thG highGr intGrn)l contr)ctionz it i$ c)u$G by thG con$i Gr)blG volumG GcrG)$G on ch)ngG rom li5ui ph)$G into $oli ph)$G. m)tGri)l cont)ining illGr $uch )$ gl)$$ ibGr h)$ ) loGr $hrink)gG r)tG )n ) $m)llGr r)ngG o v)ri)tion* $o it i$ )ppropri)tG or )pplic)tion$ rG5uiring prGci$G imGn$ion$. $$uming thG mol ing $hrink)gG i$ * )n thG m)nu)cturing imGn$ion$ o thG mol )rG 7Z )n KZ* thG )mount o thG contr)ction i$ obt)inG )$ ollo$X 7 K 7Z KZ

)ch m)tGri)l h)$ it$ on i&G v)luG o EhG ch)rt bGlo $ho$ thG mol ing $hrink)gG or G)ch m)tGri)lX Bol ing $hrink)gG r)tG ?G$in W)mG SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Bol ing 1hrink)gG 9; :.. :.A. .:.

Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S;

.>. .. .A. .>.

D-F# *n!?<
EhG r)t )nglG i$ thG )nglG nGcG$$)ry or rGmoving thG p)rt$ rom thG mol . t i$ u$u)lly :> * but i$ GtGrminG by thG m)tGri)l* thG imGn$ion o thG p)rt$* )n tG&turG trG)tmGnt 9m)king thG $ur)cG o thG p)rt roughGr;. wGnGr)lly* thG )nglG )t thG c)vity $i G i$ $Gt )$ $m)ll )$ po$$iblG* )n thG )nglG )t thG corG $Gt l)rgGr. cry$t)llinG pl)$tic$ h)$ ) highGr mol ing $hrink)gG r)tG. EhGrGorG* )t thG c)vity $i G* it i$ G)$y to rGmovG rom thG mol $incG it $hrink$ to)r in$i G o thG mol . n thG othGr h)n * )t corG $i G* thG p)rt i$ h)r to rGmovG )$ it tGn $ to ) hGrG to thG mol . 1Gtting thG r)t )nglG $houl bG onG c)rGully $o th)t thG p)rt ill not $tick to thG corG. morphou$ pl)$tic$ h)$ ) loGr mol ing $hrink)gG r)tG )n it oG$ not $hrink in)r thG mol . EhGrGorG* thG r)t )nglG )t thG c)vity $i G $houl bG $Gt )$ l)rgG )$ thG corG $i G )nglG.

BoltGn pl)$tic$ i$ illG up in thG c)vity.

tGr cooling )n $oli iying* thG mol ing $hrink)gG occur$. aGc)u$G thG p)rt $hrink$ in)r )n ) hGrG to thG corG* it i$ iicult to rGmovG thG p)rt.

D?=~ P-#h R-#i=

lo p)th r)tio i$ thG r)tio bGtGGn 7 9thG i$t)ncG bGtGGn thG g)tG )n thG )rthG$t point in thG mol ing imGn$ion; )n K 9thG thicknG$$ o thG p)rt; .

D?=~ P-#h R-#i=7 K

hGn mol ing l)rgG or thin p)rt$* thG lo p)th r)tio i$ c)lcul)tG to GtGrminG i moltGn pl)$tic$ c)n ill thG mol c)vity. )ch mol ing m)tGri)l h)$ it$ on lo p)th r)tio* but thG r)tio v)riG$ to ) l)rgG G&tGnt GpGn ing on con ition$ $uch )$ compo$ition* tGmpGr)turG o thG moltGn pl)$tic$* inGction prG$$urG* g)tG typG* lGngth o runnGr* )n $o on. EhG t)blG bGlo in ic)tG$ thG t)rgGt v)luG or G)ch m)tGri)l. lo p)th r)tio multipliG by thG p)rt thicknG$$ 9K ; bGcomG$ thG i$t)ncG o moltGn pl)$tic$ lo 97;. <E 9lo p)th r)tio; t)rgGt ?G$in W)mG SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; lo S)th 7K >: 7K >: 7K > 7K A>> 7K :

crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 7K >:> 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S; 7K A>>

7ns#-??-#i=n =F :=?
l0p Yt khun

Ehi$ ch)ptGr G&pl)in$ thG mGtho o mol in$t)ll)tion.

:=? 7ns#-??-#i=n /0p Yt khun

EhG olloing i$ thG mGtho o mol in$t)ll)tion to ) mol ing m)chinG.

ry l csch th-c lp t khuon c) msy cho msy lm khuon.

EhG i)gr)m on thG lGt illu$tr)tG$ thG mGtho u$ing cl)mp$. C)ution i$ rG5uirG $o th)t cl)mp$ ill not intGrGrG ith othGr p)rt$. EhG i)gr)m on thG right Gmon$tr)tG$ thG mGtho o in$t)lling thG mol irGctly to thG m)chinG ith bolt. t i$ nGcG$$)ry to G&)minG i thG bolt holG po$ition$ or thG mol )n tho$G o thG m)chinG$ mov)blGi&G pl)tGn$ )rG m)tchG .

Nnh bn trsi $ ng $ ng phng phsp kp cht .u cu thn trng v vy l\c kp $ khong nh hng n csc bZ phn khsc. Nnh bn phi minh hoq csch th-c lp t khuon tr\c tip trn msy bng bulong. WU cn l kilm tr) nu nu v trm l lp bulong trn khuon v trn bn msy i Zng hoc bn msy cT nh ph hp.

9Click on thG n)mG$ in thG r)ing$ to $ho thG G&pl)n)tion$.; No to in$t)ll ) mol

:=? 7ns#-??-#i=n +#<ps Cc =!c l0p Yt khun

hGn in$t)lling thG mol in$i G thG m)chinG* plG)$G bG c)rGul. Eurn o thG $itch o mol ing m)chinG hGn pGrorming opGr)tion in$i G. NGrG i$ thG )nim)tG in$truction or mol in$t)ll)tion procG urG$.

Khi lp t khuon vo bn trong c) msy phi cn thn Ct ly hp c) msy lm khuon khi msy )ng lm vic. ry l nhng h4ng ]n lp cho csc phng phsp lp t khuon t khuon.

>

:. ClG)n thG in$t)ll)tion $ur)cG o thG mol . Sl)cG thG inGction m)chinG in thG b)ck.

:.<m $qch b mt lp t c) khuon.t msy phun nh\) vo phm) $)u.

>. u$t thG mol thicknG$$ by cl)mping GvicG $o th)t thG mol i$ not too tight.

>.iu chnh b y khuon bng thit b kp v vy m khuon khong 5us cht.

A. <it thG mol by ) cr)nG )n in$Grt it bGtGGn thG i&G pl)tGn )n mov)blG pl)tGn.

A.Ki chuyln khuon bng cu trc v t nU vo gi) tm cT nh v tm i Zng.

M. u$t thG cl)mping GvicG )n in$t)ll thG c)vity ) )ptor pl)tG to thG i&G pl)tGn * thG corG ) )ptor pl)tG to thG mov)blG pl)tGn rG$pGctivGly.

M.iu chnh thit b kp v lp t bn nTi l2m vo tm cT nh *v bn nTi l2i vo tm i Zng thGo th- t\ nh $n.

. BovG thG inGctor or)r * conirm thG in$t)ll)tion po$ition o thG mol * )n ) u$t thG inGctor $trokG.

.Ki chuyln vpi phun tr4c* khng nh v trm lp t khuon* v iu chnh hnh trnh vpi phun.

. pGr)tG thG cl)mping GvicG m)nu)lly )n chGck thG lubric)tion oil )n thG mov)blG portion o thG mol .

.iu chnh thit b kp bng t)y kilm tr) u boi trn v v trm i Zng c) khuon.

. u$t thG $trokG o thG GGctor pin.

.iu chnh hnh trnh c) vpi phun.

Eulng l0p Yt khun

:=? 7ns#-??-#i=n c=?#

EhG bolt po$ition in thG pl)tGn o mol ing m)chinG i$ $pGciiG by 1 $t)n )r .

3 trm lp t c) bulong trn bn msy c) msy lm khuon c &sc lp bi tiu chun 1.

EhG $i|G o thG bolt i$ )l$o $pGciiG )ccor ing to thG cl)mping orcG. EhG bolt$* hoGvGr )rG $ubGct to )ll mol opGning orcG or Gight o thG mol .

Kmch th4c c) bulong c &sc lp thGo l\c kp. aulong* tuy nhin l Ti tng l m khuon hoc trng lng c) khuon.
Bol in$t)ll)tion bolt )n thG cl)mping orcG Bol in$t)ll)tion bolt Cl)mping orcG aulong lp t khuon <\c kp B:> <G$$ th)n A ton B:> B: A ton )n ovGr* lG$$ th)n A ton B: A tn * A tn A tn B> A ton )n ovGr* lG$$ th)n ton B> A tn * tn B>M ton )n ovGr B>M

tn

n gGnGr)l* mol $ Gighing ovGr : ton rG5uirG bolt$ )t thG mov)blG )n i&G $i G$* )n mol $ Gighing lG$$ th)n : ton rG5uirG M bolt$ or thG mov)blG )n i&G $i G$.

WUi chung trng lng c) khuon trn : tn cn bulong mt i Zng v cT nh* v trng lng c) khuon nh hn mZt tn cn M bulong b mt i Zng v cT nh.

+<##in! :=? in! C=n i#i=ns

2iZu chAnh iZu kin c
Ehi$ ch)ptGr G&pl)in$ G)ch mol ing con ition 9inGction* tGmpGr)turG* )n GGctor;.

ry l vn gii thmch m i iu kin .c 9$\ phun* nhit Z* msy y liu;.

Bol ing con ition$ iGr GpGn ing on G)ch mol ing m)tGri)l. goo p)rt i$ m) G only ith thG propGr $Gtting o G)ch con ition. irtightnG$$ i$ rG5uirG o thG mol to prGvGnt GvGlopmGnt o l)$hG$ uring thG mol ing procG$$. n thG othGr h)n * goo vGnting i$ nGcG$$)ry in or Gr to Gmit thG )ir in$i G thG mol c)vity. 1Gtting con ition$ or inGction mol ing i$ $)i to bG iicult. t i$ otGn thG c)$G th)t thGrG )rG G GGct$ i con ition$ )rG $Gt b)$G on G&pGriGncG. EhG olloing )rG gGnGr)l mol ing con ition$ or your rGGrGncG.

iu kin .c ph thuZc vo m i mZt loqi vt liu .c. BZt bZ phn tTt c $n &ut khi iu chnh chmnh &sc iu kin. Khuon pi hi phi kmn khong khm l ngn cn $\ phst triln c) b)vi) trong thPi gi)n .c. Ehong giU tTt l cn thit cho $\ to nhit bn trong ch tr8ng c) khuon. iu chnh iu kin c) .c phun l khU. thPng l hpm khuon ry cU mt khuyt tt nu iu kin bin l bin qng \) trn kinh nghim.Eip thGo l iu kin .c y cho m]u c) bqn.

2iZu kin phun

7n><c#i=n C=n i#i=ns

7n><c#i=n p0<ssu0< EhG inGction prG$$urG rG5uirG or mol ing iGr$ con$i Gr)bly GpGn ing on thG mol ing m)tGri)l* $h)pG* )n prGci$GnG$$ o imGn$ion. EhGrG i$ prim)ry inGction prG$$urG ith hich mol ing m)tGri)l i$ illG in thG mol c)vity. EhGrG i$ )l$o ) $Gcon )ry inGction prG$$urG 9hich i$ )l$o c)llG hol ing prG$$urG; )ppliG to prGvGnt $ink m)rk )tGr mol illing. t thG initi)l $Gtting o con ition$* only prim)ry prG$$urG i$ )ppliG to $)ti$y thG illing con ition* ithout con$i Gring $Gcon )ry prG$$urG. Ehi$ mGtho hGlp$ $pGciy thG rolG o prim)ry )n $Gcon )ry prG$$urG. Ehi$

mGtho Gn)blG$ u$ to rGcogni|G h)t i$ nGcG$$)ry or thG ultim)tG mol ing con ition. EhG prG$$urG in$i G thG c)vity ch)ngG$ GpGn ing on $GvGr)l con ition$* $uch )$ thG typG o mol ing m)tGri)l* thG $tructurG )n imGn$ion o thG cl)mping GvicG* c)vity $h)pG )n mol ing con ition. EhGrGorG* it i$ iicult to obt)in by c)lcul)tion or mG)$urGmGnt. nGction prG$$urG i$ $)i to GcrG)$G by A ithin thG c)vity uG to lo$$ o prG$$urG.

p lKc phun sp l\c phun cn cho khuon .c nU 5uyt nh vt liu .c* hnh qng * v Z chmnh &sc c) kmch th4c p l\c b)n u cng v4i vt liu .c c rUt y v)o ch tr8ng c) khuon .p l\c phun th- h)i c sp ng l ngn cn csc vt l2m $)u khi in y khuon. a)n u iu khiln iu kin* ch cU sp l\c b)n u c -ng ng l n bo in y khuon* khong &nt n sp l\c th- h)i . ry l phng phsp nh r2 v)i trp c) sp l\c th- nht v sp l\c th- h)i. Shng phsp ny cU kh nng nhn qng nU cn thit cho iu kin .c gi4i hqn.p l\c bn trong ch l2m th)y i nhiu iu kin* nh loqi vt liu .c* kt cu v kmch th4c c) thit b kp* hnh qng vt l2m v iu kin .c.3 th* nU khU qt c bng tmnh tosn hoc o. p l\c phun cU thl ly gim A trong ch l2m o gim sp l\c. p l\c bn trong ch l2m c) nh\)
SrG$$urG in$i G c)vity o pl)$tic$ ?G$in W)mG SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; ?G$in EGmpGr)turG :A >A :: :A: >A> nGction SrG$$urG kg :M :M :: : : SrG$$urG n$i G thG C)vity kg >AA> >>A> >> >A> >A

crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S;

>>

AAMM

>AA

>MM

En nh\) SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG9a1; Soly)mi G 9S;

Whit Z nh\) o C :A >A :: :A: >A> >> >AA

p l\c phun kgcm> :M :M :: : : : :

p l\c bn trong ch l2mkgcm> >AA> >>A> >> >A> >A AAMM >MM

7n><c#i=n +p<< EhG )$tGr thG inGction $pGG * thG bGttGr thG mol ing con ition. NoGvGr* G&cG$$ivG $pGG ill rG$ult in thG olloing inconvGniGncG$X Kuring inGction o thG mol ing m)tGri)l into thG mol c)vity * mol ing m)tGri)l m)y comprG$$ thG )ir ithin thG mol * )n thG rG$ulting high )ir prG$$urG hin Gr$ urthGr illing o thG mol ing m)tGri)l. EhG tGmpGr)turG o thG mol ing m)tGri)l ri$G$ to combu$tion tGmpGr)turG )n con$i Gr)bly GtGrior)tG$ thG 5u)lity o thG mol G p)rt$. EhG moltGn pl)$tic$ i$ illG ithin thG c)vity bGorG thG )ir in$i G thG c)vity i$ GGctG . Ehi$ ill c)u$G thG mol ing m)tGri)l to mi& ith thG )ir* hich GtGrior)tG$ thG $ur)cG o thG p)rt. ccor ingly* it i$ nGcG$$)ry to ) u$t thG inGction $pGG by chGcking thG p)rt con ition. wGnGr)lly* thG thinnGr thG p)rt i$* thG highGr thG inGction $pGG $houl bG.

ETc Z phun ETc Z phun nh)nh hn* iu kin .c tTt hn. Euy nhin* tTc Z l4n $ khong thurn li cho kt 5u tip thGoX Erong thPi gi)n phun vt liu vo trong ch l2m c) khuon* vt liu .c cU thl b ong c bi khong khm trong khuon *v kt 5u l sp l\c khong khm c)o $ cn tr hn n) kim loqi .c in y khuon. Whit Z c) vt liu .c tng ln n nhit Z chsy v ch. n $\ th)y i c tmnh c) csc bZ phn khuon. Wh\) nUng chy c in y vo trong ch tr8ng tr4c khi khong khm bn trong ch tr8ng b tTng r). ry vt liu .c $ trZn l]n v4i khong khm *nU $ lm hng b mt c) bZ phn. 3 vy* cn thit phi iu chnh tTc Z phun bng kilm tr) c tmnh c) bZ phn. Ehong thPng* bZ phn mng hn* tTc Z phun nn c)o hn.
5<mp<0-#u0< C=n i#i=n

2iZu kin nhit M

R<sin 5<mp<0-#u0<

[hit M nhKa
n thG c)$G o thGrmopl)$tic$ rG$in* thG volumG bGcomG$ l)rgGr )$ thG tGmpGr)turG o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ gGt$ highGr. ccor ingly* thG $hrink)gG r)tG bGcomG$ highGr. NoGvGr* )$ thG tGmpGr)turG rop$ on bGlo ) cGrt)in lGvGl* thG lo o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ bGcomG$ lG$$ $mooth* )n thG $hrink)gG r)tG bGcomG$ highGr.

Erong hpm c) nh\) nhit o thl tmch tr thnh l4n hn nhit Z c) nh\) nUng chy gi c c)o hn . 3 vy Z co ngUt tr nn c)o hn. Euy nhin* nh nhit Z c) nhng hqt ri &uTng mt bit* png chy c) nh\) nUng chy tr nn mt u n * v Z co ngUt tr thnh c)o hn.
:=? 5<mp<0-#u0<

[hit M khun
Gct$ o mol tGmpGr)turG iGr )mong thG typG$ o mol ing m)tGri)l. ith ) ri$G o thG mol tGmpGr)turG* thGrmo$Gtting pl)$tic$ bGcomG$ h)r Gr* )n thG $hrink)gG r)tG bGcomG$ loGr.

Bol tGmpGr)turG h)$ GGct$ on thG cooling $pGG o thGrmopl)$tic$ rG$in. EhG highGr thG mol tGmpGr)turG* thG l)rgGr thG hG)t G&p)n$ion )n mol ing $hrink)gG. n gGnGr)l* thG loGr thG mol tGmpGr)turG* thG $hortGr thG mol ing cyclG bGcomG$. EhGrGorG* it i$ ) vi$G to $t)rt ith ) loGr tGmpGr)turG )n thGn ) u$t to thG )ppropri)tG onG by r)i$ing it gr) u)lly.

Esc ng c) nhit Z khsc nh)u gi) csc loqi c) vt liu .c. Eng nhit Z c) khuon*nh\) nhit rn tr nn c-ng hn * v tTc Z co ngUt gim i. Whit Z c) khuon cU tsc Zng n tTc Z lm lqnh c) nh\) nhit rn. Whit Z c) khuon c)o hn* nhit gin n l4n hn v co ngUt vt liu. Ehong thPng * nhit Z c) khuon gim* chu k0 .c tr nn ngn hn 3 th* nU .ng n l bt u cng v4i nhit Z gim v $)u U iu chnh thmch hp*tng n n nhit Z.
Bol ing EGmpGr)turG ?G$in W)mG SolyGthylGnG 9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC; crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S; ?G$in EGmpGr)turG :A >A :: :A: >A> >> >AA Bol EGmpGr)turG : M A > :> M >

En nh\) SolyGthylGnG

Whit Z .c Wh\) o nhit Z C :A

Khuon o nhit Z C :
:

9S; SolypropylGnG 9SS; Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C; Soly$tyrGnG 9S1; Solyc)tbon)tG 9SC; crylonitrilG but) iGn$tylGnG 9a1; Soly)mi G 9S;
q><c#i=n C=n i#i=n 2iZu kin phun

>A :: :A: >A> >> >AA

M A > :> M >

EhGrG )rG to typG$ o GGctor$X mGch)nic)l GGctor )n hy r)ulic GGctor. CurrGntly* thG hy r)ulic GGctor i$ popul)r. n gGnGr)l* thG highGr thG GGction $pGG * thG G)$iGr to rGmovG thG p)rt rom thG mol . NoGvGr* i thG r)t )nglG o thG pro uct i$ $m)ll* )n mol rGmoving rG$i$t)ncG i$ highGr* thG p)rt coul bG )m)gG or brokGn un Gr high GGction $pGG . EhGrGorG* in $uch ) c)$G* GGction prG$$urG nGG $ to bG r)i$G by $loing thG GGction $pGG .

CU h)i loqi phun lXphun c hc v phun thu l\c. Nin n)y* phun bng thu l\c l ph bin. WUi chung* tTc Z phun c)o* thso csc bZ phn r) khi khuon. Euy nhin* Wu gUc Z bn v $n phm nh*v l\c cn i chuyln khuon c)o* bZ phn cU thl b h hqi hoc b hng 4i tTc Z phun c)o*v vy sp l\c phun cn tng tTc Z phun chm.

::

:<ch-nic-? +#0uc#u0< =F :=? in! :-chin<

Kt cu ca mD c
EhG inGction mol ing m)chinG con$i$t$ o )n inGction c)rri)gG* ) mol )n ) cl)mping GvicG. Ehi$ ch)ptGr G&pl)in$ thG $tructurG o thG prim)ry GlGmGnt$.

Bsy .c phun gm cU h thTng phun * khuon v h thTng kp. ry l vn gii thmch kt cu c) phn t c bn.

9Click on G)ch GlGmGnt* thGn ) G$cription on thG GlGmGnt ill )ppG)r on thG $crGGn;

7n><c#i=n C-00i-!< & th'ng phun

EhG inGction c)rri)gG pl)$tic$i|G$ thG mol ing m)tGri)l )n inGct$ it into thG c)vity. EhG mo$t import)nt p)rt o thG GvicG i$ ) $crG cylin Gr* hich m)kG$ ) grG)t iGrGncG in thG mol ing con ition. EhG $crG ithin thG $crG cylin Gr i$ ivi G into A p)rt$.

N thTng phun vt liu .c v ) nU vo Tng. aZ phn 5u)n trng c) thit b l vmt &on phun nU cU Z l4n khsc nh)u trong thng iu kin .c. 3mt &on c l thit b gm A bZ phn.

:>

Er)n$Gr 1Gction Ehi$ $Gction tr)n$Gr$ thG mol ing m)tGri)l rGcGivG rom ) m)tGri)l hoppGr into thG comprG$$ion $Gction hilG )rming up thG m)tGri)l. t i$ G$ignG to tr)n$Gr thG mol ing m)tGri)l$ r)thGr th)n mi&ing thGm. EhGrGorG* it$ groovG 9h:; i$ r)thGr GGp. ComprG$$ion 1Gction EhG mol ing m)tGri)l tr)n$GrrG rom thG tr)n$Gr $Gction i$ mi&G G&tGn$ivGly to pro ucG hG)t )n mGlt thG pl)$tic$. EhG groovG )t thG $crG bGcomG$ $h)lloGr* )n thG prG$$urG or comprG$$ion bGcomG$ $trongGr )$ it nG)r$ thG mGtGring $Gction. EhG $crG )t thG comprG$$ion $Gction unction$ to orcG thG g)$ )n )tGr rom thG moltGn pl)$tic$ )n pu$h thG$G b)ck to thG tr)n$Gr $Gction. BGtGring 1Gction Ehi$ $Gction mi&G$ thG m)tGri)l urthGr )n pro ucG$ ully pl)$tic$i|G moltGn pl)$tic$. $ thG groovG 9h>; )t thG $crG i$ $h)llo* thG $hG)r hG)t GvGlopG in thi$ $Gction i$ highGr th)n in thG comprG$$ion $Gction.

aZ phn chuyln ry l bZ phn i chuyln vt liu .c nhn th phu nguyn liu vo trong bZ phn np trong thPi gi)n lm nUng nguyn liu. WU c thit k l i chuyln vt liu .c .ng hn l trZn l]n ch.ng .3 vy rnh cU chiu $ru 9h:;. aZ phn nnn 3t liu .c \c i chuyln th bZ phn i chuyln c trZn l]n l $inh r) nhit chy nh\). Png rnh c) vmt tr thnh ch nong* v sp l\c nnn tr nn mqnh hn nU gn v4i bZ phn ph) ch vt liu. 3mt bZ phn nnn cU ch-c nng cng b-c g) v n4c th nh\) nUng chy v y nU tr lqi bZ phn i chuyln. aZ phn ph) ch vt liu ry l bZ phn trZn l]n vt liu v $inh r) nng lng cho nh\) nUng chy. Png rnh 9h>; vmt l ch nong* i chuyln nhit trong bZ phn ny c)o trong bZ phn nnn.

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+c0<~ Di-m<#<0 -n 7n><c#i=n P0<ssu0<

2\ng k%nh v%t v( p lKc phun

EhG $crG i)mGtGr i$ rGl)tG to inGction prG$$urG to ) cGrt)in GgrGG or G)ch mol ing m)chinG. thG $i|G o thG $crG ch)ngG$* thG ultim)tG inGction prG$$urG o thG inGctionmol ing m)chinG ill ch)ngG. Eo GtGrminG thG inGction prG$$urG* thG olloing v)luG$ )rG u$G or c)lcul)tionX 9:; thG $crG i)mGtGr )n hy r)ulic prG$$urG* or 9>; ultim)tG inGction prG$$urG )n hy r)ulic prG$$urG* or 9A; thG )ctu)l inGction prG$$urG c)lcul)tG by thG ultim)tG inGction prG$$urG )n hy r)ulic prG$$urG. nGction prG$$urG )n ultim)tG inGction prG$$urG )rG obt)inG )$ ollo$X

Png kmnh vmt cU lin 5u)n n sp l\c phun l bit m-c Z c) m i mZt msy .c. Wu kmch c c) Png kmnh th)y i th gi4i hqn sp l\c phun c) msy .c phun $ th)y i. wi4i hqn sp l\c phun* tip thGo l gis tr $ ng cho tmnh tosnX 9:; Png kmnh vmt v sp l\c thu Zng* hoc9>; gi4i hqn c) sp l\c phun v sp l\c thu Zng* hoc 9A; sp lc phun th\c t tmnh tosn bi gi4i hqn sp l\c phun v sp l\c phun thu l\c. p l\c phun v sp l\c thu Zng qt c nh $)uX

p l\c phun in tmch sp l\c c) pi$tong ) cm> sp l\c thu Zng p kgcm> sp l\c phun l4n nht p kgcm> sp l\c phun kg in tmch trong vmt &on cm>
SlG)$G notG th)t thG hy r)ulic prG$$urG oG$ not in ic)tG thG )ctu)l inGction prG$$urG.

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7n><c#i=n r=?um<Q 7n><c#i=n '=- ;<i!h#@

h* t%ch phun] trWng l:ng phun

Bol ing c)nnot bG rG)li|G i thG inGction volumG i$ too $m)ll. nGction volumG i$ not only thG volumG o thG c)vityz thG volumG o thG runnGr )n $pruG $h)ll )l$o bG inclu G . EhG G5u)tion to obt)in thG inGction volumG i$ )$ ollo$X

.c khong thl c th\c hin nu sp l\c phun 5us nh. Ehl tmch phun khong ch l thl tmch c) Tngzb)o gm c thl tmch c) rnh ]n v u rUt. ailu th-c tmnh thl tmch phun nh $)uX

Ehl tmch phun 3cmAhnh trnh l4n nht 1 cm in tmch bn trong vmt &on cm> Ehl tmch phun l thuyt l4n nht 3cmA hnh trnh l4n nht 1cm in tmch bn trong &on vmt cm>
ou c)n )$$umG th)t thG )ctu)l inGction volumG hich thG inGction mol ing m)chinG c)n pro ucG i$ $m)llGr th)n thG v)luG$ in ic)tG in thG m)nu)cturGr$ c)t)log$. EhG v)luG$ in thG c)t)log$ )rG otGn thG m)&imum inGction $trokG )n u$t thGorGtic)l igurG$. EhG volumG lo$$ i$ not )ccountG or. EhG volumG lo$$ i$ thG rGvGr$G lo o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ uring inGction. EhG pl)$tic)tG moltGn pl)$tic$ ith lo vi$co$ity lo$G$ ) con$i Gr)blG )mount o inGction orcG. BoltGn pl)$tic$ ith high vi$co$ity tGn $ to lo$G lG$$ inGction orcG. EhG inGction volumG v)riG$ GpGn ing on thG n)turG )n thG mol ing con ition o thG mol ing m)tGri)l. NoGvGr* thG mo$t )ppropri)tG inGction volumG i$ $)i to bG to o thG m)&imum thGorGtic)l volumG. :

aqn cU thl gi $ thl tmch phun th\c t c) msy .c phun cU thl $inh r) nh hn cong ng c ch th trong )nh mc ch tqo. Cong ng trong )nh mc thPng cU hnh trnh phun l4n nht v chmnh l con $T l thuyt . thl tmch mt hn bn k. Ehl tmch mt mst l png chy ngc c) nh\) nUng chy trong l.c phun.Wh\) nUng chy cng v4i Z nh4t gim ]n n mt mt hn l\c phun. Ehl tmch phun th)y i ph thuZc vo c tmnh v iu kin .c c) vt liu .c.Euy nhin* hu ht thl tmch phun chn n c) thl tmch l thuyt l4n nht.

7n><c#i=n R-#<

[Hng #ut phun

nGction r)tG i$ thG volumG inGctG pGr unit timG* thG $)mG mG)ning )$ thG inGction $pGG . EhG $hortGr thG inGction timG* thG $hortGr thG mol ing cyclG bGcomG$. n in u$tri)l mol ing* in m)ny occ)$ion$* thG 5u)lity o thG p)rt c)nnot bG gu)r)ntGG unlG$$ it i$ inGctG ith high prG$$urG$ )n high $pGG $. or G&)mplG* inGction mol ing )t lG$$ th)n : ton$ cl)mping orcG or lG$$ th)n ) minutG i$ con$i GrG )ppropri)tG. n thG c)$G o thinnGr mol ing* G$pGci)lly high $pGG i$ rG5uirG to ill in thG mol . EhGrGorG* ) high inGction r)tG i$ nGcG$$)ry.

ETc Z phun l phn trm thl tmch phun trong mZt n v thPi gi)n*nU cU ngh) giTng nh tTc Z phun. EhPi gi)n phun ngn hn * chu k .c tr nn ngn hn. Erong .c cong nghip* trong nhiu l o* c tmnh c) bZ phn khong thl c n bo trh khi nU phun v4i sp l\c c)o v tTc Z c)o. cho vm *.c phun mt hn : tn l\c kp cho mt hn : ph.t phi ch. cho t ng thmch. Erong hpm khuon c) khuon mng* nht l tTc Z c)o pi hi in y khuon. 3 vy* nng $ut phun c)o l cn thit.

P?-s#ic-#in! *Ei?i#/ -n +c0<~ +p<<

Kh> nHng ca cht d^o v( t'c M ca v%t

EhG inGction m)chinG pGrorm$ pl)$tic)tion o thG mol ing m)tGri)l hilG thG pro uct i$ bGing coolG )n $oli iiG . EhG mol ing cyclG oul bG )$tG unlG$$ thG pl)$tici|ing i$ complGtG ithin thG cooling )n $oli iic)tion timG. EhGrGorG* mol ing inGction rG5uirG$ l)rgG pl)$tici|ing c)p)city. EhG volumG o pl)$tic)tion ill incrG)$G i thG $crG cylin Gr rGvolvG$ morG. NoGvGr* thi$ m)y c)u$G ) thGrm)l Gcompo$ition to thG mol ing m)tGri)l* $o it i$ ) vi$)blG not to r)i$G thG numbGr o $crG $pGG .

Bsy phun th\c hin cht o c) vt liu .c trong thPi gi)n thPi gi)n $n phm c lm lqnh v Ung rn. Chu k0 .c cU thl b nh hng trh khi kim loqi \c b $ung trong khi lm lqnh v trong thPi gi)n Ung rn. 3 vy* .c phun cn cht o cU nng &ut l4n. Ehl tmch c) cht o $ tng nu nh vmt &on 5u)y nhiu hn. Euy nhin* nU cU thl l nguyn nhrn phrn gii nhit c) vt liu .c* v vy khong nn tng tTc Z 5u)y.

x#h<0s

-t khc
hGn ) r)pi mol ing cyclG i$ morG import)nt th)n thG )ccur)cy o thG p)rt* ) m)chinG ith ) highGr pl)$tic)ting c)p)city i$ GGctivG. EhG p)rt ith high mGlting vi$co$ity $houl rG5uirG ) l)rgG opGr)ting tor5uG or thG $crG. n $uch ) c)$G* it i$ bGttGr to u$G thG $crG optimi|G or mi&ing r)thGr th)n pl)$tici|ing )bility.

Khi chu k0 .c nh)nh 5u)n trng hn Z chmnh &sc c) csc bZ phn * mZt msy ung lng cht o c)o l cU mch . aZ phn cng v4i Z nh4t c)o c) png nUng chy pi hi vmt phi cU momGn vn hnh l4n* nU tTt hn khi khi $ ng vmt cht o.
C?-mpin! D<lic< & th'ng k$p chYt
EhG cl)mping GvicG tightGn$ thG mol ith grG)t orcG to prGvGnt thG mol rom opGning )n clo$ing uG to thG prG$$urG rom inGction. Wo) )y$ it i$ gGnGr)lly run by hy r)ulic orcG. EhGrG )rG to m)or $y$tGm$X thG irGct prG$$urG $y$tGm )n thG togglG $y$tGmX KirGct SrG$$urG 1y$tGmX t i$ thG $y$tGm in hich thG mol i$ tightGnG irGctly by thG hy r)ulic orcG. EhG cl)mping orcG ork$ )nyhGrG )$ long )$ it i$ ithin cl)mping $trokG r)ngG. EogglG 1y$tGm :

Ehi$ i$ thG $y$tGm u$ing ) mGch)nic)l GvicG c)llG ) togglG link. Cl)mping orcG comG$ rom mGch)nic)l poGr* but thG orcG ork$ only hGn thG togglG )rm i$ ully G&tGn G . EhGrGorG* it i$ nGcG$$)ry to ) u$t thG cl)mping GvicG )ccor ing to thG mol thicknG$$. EhG olloing )rG thG comp)ri$on bGtGGn thG irGct prG$$urG $y$tGm )n thG togglG $y$tGmX

N thTng kp cht khuon cng v4i l\c kp l4n ngn cn m v Ung khuon thGo h4ng sp l\c phun.Wgy n)y nU thPng chqy bi l\c thu Zng. CU > loqi h thTng chmnhX h thTng iu khiln sp l\c v h thTng ch chuyln N thTng iu khiln sp l\cX WU l mZt h thTng kp cht khuon bng l\c thu Zng. <\c kp lm vic mi ni i nh trong gi4i hqn c) hnh trnh kp. N thTng ch chuyln ry l h thTng $ ng thit b c hc gi l bn l i chuyln. <\c kp l l\c c hc* nhng l\c ch lm vic khi cn msy i chuyln m rZng. 3 vy nU cn phi iu chnh thit b kp thGo chiu y c) khuon 1)u ry l $o $snh h thTng iu khiln sp l\c v h thTng i chuylnX
Comp)ri$on aGtGGn KirGct SrG$$urG 1y$tGm EogglG 1y$tGm Comp)ring con ition 1pGG o opGningclo$i ng Bol rGpl)cGmGnt Bol cl)mping orcG 1Gt up o cl)mping orcG Bol opGning KirGct prG$$urG $y$tGm 1lo EogglG $y$tGm

)$t

)$y 1)mG orcG )$ hy r)uli c prG$$urG )$y 1m)ll

WGG ) u$tmGnt by thG thicknG$$ o thG mol

BorG orcG th)n thG givGn orcG uG to mGch)nic)l tightGning

ncGrt)in )$ it GpGn $ on tightGning con ition o bolt <)rgG :

$trokG

1o $snh gi) h thTng iu khiln sp l\c v h thTng kp cht N thTng ch chuyln 1o $snh iu N thTng iu kin khiln sp l\c ETc Z chm nh)nh Ungm Eh)y th Cn iu khiln chiu y c) khuon khuon sp l\c thu <\c kp <\c l4n hn l\c cho ) vo c cu kp Zng khuon cht WU 5uyt nh iu kin kp cht c) bulong Ehit lp l\c kp nh l4n Nnh trnh m khuon
C-?cu?-#i=n =F #h< C?-mpin! D=0c<

%nh ton lKc k$p chYt

Cl)mping orcG i$ c)lcul)tG )$ ollo$X &)mplG $$uming th)t you m)kG to mol $ or thG olloing p)rt$ 9unit$ X mm; X

EhG rG5uirG cl)mping orcG < kg i$ c)lcul)tG by thG olloing G5u)tionX 3 X Eot)l proGction )rG) o thG p)rt < 3@. @ X vGr)gG prG$$urG ithin thG c)vity kg . X 1)Gty r)tG :

n thG c)$G o thG )bovG r)ing* 3 bGcomG$ thG proGction )rG) or thG to c)vitiG$ )n runnGr p)rting linG. h)t i$ thG tot)l 3 proGction )rG) o thG c)vitiG$ runnGr portion proGction 9::;>9AA; . $$uming @M kg * < .M. >Mkg >.Mt EhGrGorG* ) mol ing m)chinG ith >.M ton cl)mping orcG $houl bG u$G .

<\c kp cht c tmnh tosn nh $)uX 3m wi thuyt bqn lm > khuon v4i csc bZ phn $)u9 n v X mm; X pi hi l\c kp kg c tmnh tosn bng phng trnh $)uX X tng in tmch hnh chiu c) csc bZ phn cm> S. S Xsp l\c chun trong ch tr8ng kgcm> . Xh $T )n ton Erong hpm khuon c) hnh v bn trn* tr thnh in tmch hnh chiu c) > ch tr8ng rnh ]n Png phrn khuon. Eng l g in tmch hnh chiu c) ch tr8ng in tmch hnh chiu phn nh ]n 9::;> 9AA; > mm . cm> wi thuyt S Mkgcm> .M. >Mkg >.M t 3 vy* msy .c cng v4i l\c kp >.M tn c $ ng
:=? xp<nin! -n C?=sin! +#0=k<

&(nh tr7nh m_ v( 3ng khun

EhG mol opGningclo$ing $trokG nGG $ to bG G&)minG thoroughlyz othGri$G* thG p)rt m)y not bG rGmovG rom thG mol . n thG togglG $y$tGm* thG togglG link po$ition i$ movG by ) thicknG$$ ) u$tmGnt GvicG* )n thG mol i$ tightGnG hilG thG link i$ con$t)ntly G&tGn G . $ $uch* ) $trokG c)n bG $GcurG bGtGGn m)&imum )n ::

minimum mol thicknG$$. n thG irGct prG$$urG $y$tGm* thGrG i$ no $tructurG to movG thG cl)mping GvicG. EhGrGorG* thG $trokG c)n bG $GcurG )t thG minimum thicknG$$ r)ngG. aG ))rG )n c)utiou$ th)t thG $trokG i$ rG ucG )$ thG mol bGcomG$ thickGr.

Nnh trnh m v Ung khuon cn phi kilm tr) lu lng z csch khsc*bZ phn cU thl khong thso c th khuon. Erong h thTng ch chuyln*v trm bn l ch chuyln i chuyln bi iu chnh h thTng* v khuon tr nn cht ch hn khi bn l lin tc c m rZng.Wh vy hnh trnh cU thl c n bo gi) gis tr l4n nht v gis tr nh nht chiu y khuon. Erong iu khiln h thTng l\c* ry khong cU kt cu i chuyln thit b kp. 3 vy* hnh trnh cU thl kp cht chiu y nh nht. Whn bit v thn trng hnh trnh U l gim b4t chiu y c) khuon.

P=~<0 -n 50-nsF<0 +/s#<m & th'ng lKc v( di chuD*n

?GcGntly* mo$t inGction mol ing m)chinG$ )rG run by thG hy r)ulic orcG $y$tGm. Ehi$ i$ bGc)u$G thG hy r)ulic $y$tGm i$ G)$y to ) u$t in $pGG )n prG$$urG )n bGc)u$G it c)n irGct thG orcG tr)n$Gr rGGly )n lG&ibly. EhG hy r)ulic GvicG con$i$t$ o thG olloingX
o o o

SoGr unit* hich $Gn $ oil* thG $ourcG o orcG* into thG hy r)ulic circuit$. 3)lvG hich ) u$t$ thG lo )n movGmGnt o thG oil. ctu)tor hich pGrorm$ ork by thG orcG rGcGivG by oil.

ai v h thTng thy l\c iu chnh tTc Z v sp l\c v bi v nU cU thl ilu chnh i chuyln l\c t\ o v linh hoqt. Ehit b thu l\c b)o gm nh $)uX o n v l\c* phst u* ngun gTc c) l\c* vo trong png thu l\c. o 3)n iu chnh png chy v chuyln Zng c) u. o aZ phn ]n Zng lm vic bi l\c nhn th png u.

:::

7n v- l_c am* 7ng c

3)n #i/u chfnh p l_c 7iu khin hRng

a phIn ~n #ng chu k kbp khun chu k phun

Nnh trnh lm viJc

l_c khCi #ng

iuyt #-nh # lRn v hRng c) l_c

Ki chuyn l_c vo trong hnh trnh

q?<c#0ic C=n#0=?
EhG olloing )rG A typG$ o GlGctric circuit$ u$G or inGction mol ingX
o o o

SoGr tr)n$Gr circuit$control o hy r)ulic GvicG lGctric hG)t circuit$ hG)tGr control o $crG cylin Gr SoGr circuit$GlGctric motor9motor* pump; control

Eo control thG GlGctric circuit$* no brG)kGr point $G5uGncG 9mG)ning continuing or in $G5uGncG; ith C i$ GmployG .

2iZu khi*n in 1)u ry l A loqi png in $ ng trong .c phunX o in chuyln iu khiln png c) h thTng thu l\c o Whit in iu khiln png nhit c) vmt &on o Kpng iu khiln Zng c in 9bm* Zng c;

::>

Cc ?=Si nh,- lO Vc #\nh cL- nI

Chng ny trnh bLy $_ khc nh)u giH) nh_) nhiJt +o v nh_) nhiJt r=n*v $_ khc nh)u giH) ch't +o kt tinh v ch't +o v #-nh hnh.

Nh,- nhi]# H= <oi nh_) ny m/m hoQc ch%y r) nu #Dc #Ft n.ng. Ch't +o #t #n tr)ng thi m/m hoQc t)n ch%y #Dc phun vo hFc khun trong 5u trnh #0c. Khi h bRt nhiJt nh_) $` #ng cgng li 9$oli iiG$;. Wh_) #ng cgng c. th m/m trC li Ri tc #ng c) nhiJt. Wh_) +o nhiJt +o c. th ph2n thnh ch't +o kt tinh 9cry$t)llinG pl)$tic$; v ch't +o v #-nh hnh 9)morphou$ pl)$tic$;* c% h)i #/u c. th \ng cho khun #0c phun. Chu trnh #0c 9mol ing cyclG; c. th ng=n hn $o vRi ch't +o nhiJt r=n. KRi #2y l cc $%n ph(m c) nh_) nhiJt +o. :# s^ #h\ " s "n! nh,- nhi]# H= EPn nh_) Cng !ng S mIt # th'p 7^ #_ng th_c ph(m* #^ uFng* lV #_ng thuFc* mng #.ng g.i* v@ 2y #iJn* #^ chi* #^ gi) !ng. S mIt # c)o E0i $ch hng* t0i #_ng rc* Np #_ng & ph8ng bt* Fng thot nRc* Fng ~n kh4.

SolyGthylGnG 9S;

Chi tit ni th't v bPn ngoi c) t* mng b)o g.i th_c SolypropylGnG ph(m* b^n my giQt* 9SS; Eh\ng nh_)* c)n nh_)* cc ngxn t* gh* chZn tch m@ng* #^ bp n0c.
::A

Solyvinyl chlori G 9S3C;

3It liJu S3Ccgng K\ng trong nng nghiJp* Fng 3It liJu S3C m/m ~n v thot nRc* Fng 2y 3It liJu lt $n v vIt liJu #iJn* lRp vch cho c)bin b^n n t[ng* g.i th_c ph(m* t=m* khung cY) $,* Fng nFi* Fng trong nng nghiJp. ch!p #Tn. Np nh_) trong $uFt #_ng thgc xn 9NS1;* cc b phIn cho thit b- #iJn gi) !ng lRn nh tivi* t lnh* my giQt* my #i/u ho* vIt liJu cch nhiJt* bnh chg). By t4nh c nh2n* my in* my )&* #iJn thoi i #ng* #) cgng nh CK v K3K* ph) #Tn &G t* mQt #^ng h^* vIt liJu lDp* nh # &G* vIt liJu cch 2m trong &2y _ng.

Soly$tyrGnG 9S1;

Solyc)rbon)tG 9SC;

By t4nh c nh2n* my in* my )&* t lnh* my #i/u crylonitrilG ho*my h0t b!i* my tr8 chi* #^ chi* #^ th th)o* #^ gi%i but) iGn$tylGnG tr4. 9a1; Cc chi tit chuyn #ng c) my 9bc l.t* bnh rxng* c)m vv; kbp ti liJu* bulng Boving p)rt$ o m)chinG 9bG)ring* gG)r* c)m* Gtc.; )$tGnGr* bolt

Soly)mi G 9S;

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r[# ?i]u nh,- s "n! ch= cc E ph[n b< #

C)rry bo& 9a1; X hp #_ng #^ ?oo r)il 9SC;X wi #k trPn mui &G. 1poilGr 9a1;X W=p cFp $)u vGr Gn Gr 9SS;X E'm ch=n b\n bnh &G. aumpGr 9SS;X a) #[ $Fc b%o vJ t.

::

r[# ?i]u nh,- s "n! Egn #0=n! #

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ry l hin tng ni m png chy b)n u c) nh\) nUng chy ong lqi trZn cng png n $)u v khong ho t)n hon ton .WU phst triln thGo nhng qng c bit nh l sm mry* vy hoc cry C)u$G nGction $pGG i$ too )$t. Bol or moltGn pl)$tic$ tGmpGr)turG i$ too lo. nguyn nhrn ETc Z phun rt nh)nh. nhit Z khuon hoc nhit Z c) nh\) nUng chy rt thp. 1olution )v)$criptXnGin tK9;nl)rgG thG g)tG )rG) to GcrG)$G thG $pGG o thG moltGn pl)$tic$ loing through thG g)tG. ncrG)$G thG prG$$urG rGtGntion timG or bGttGr prG$$urG 5u)lity. wii phsp B rZng in tmch u rUt l gim tTc Z c) png nh\) nUng chy 5u) u rUt. Eng thPi gi)n uy tr sp l\c cho c tmnh c) sp l\c tTt hn.