12

1. (a)
(b)
(d)
(e)

d
d
d
d

Progressions

(b) a = 2, d = 0 (2)


=2

=3
= 2
= 1
= 0.2

2. (a) d = 5 2

=3

x = 2 3
= 1

y = 8 + 3
= 11

(c) a = 1, d = 5 (1)


= 4

x = 1 (4)
=3

y = 9 + (4)
= 13
1
(c) d = 1
2
1

=
2

1
1
x =
2
2
=0

3
1
y = +
2
2
=2

(x + 0.1) d = 0
x + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0

x = 0.3

Tn = 86
a + (n 1)d = 86
2 + (n 1)(4) = 86
(n 1)(4) = 84

n 1 = 21

n = 22

(b) a = 1, d = 3 (1)


= 2

3. (a) a = 5, d = 8 5


=3

T51 = a + 50d
1
= + 50(1)
2
1
= 50
2
1
= 49
2

4. (a) a = 2, d = 6 2


=4

(d) d = 0.2 0.4

= 0.2

T51 = a + 50d
= 1 + 50(4)
= 201

1
1
1
(d) a = , d =
2
2
2


= 1

(b) d = 5 (1)

= 4

T51 = a + 50d
= 2 + 50(2)
= 98

T51 = a + 50d
= 5 + 50(3)
= 155

Tn = 61
a + (n 1)d = 61
1 +(n 1)(2) = 61
60

n 1 =
2

= 30

n = 31

(c) a = x, d = (x + 2) x


=2

(c) T10 = S10 S9

10
9

= [2(10) + 1] [2(9) + 1]
2
2

= 105 85.5

= 19.5

Tn = x + 50
a + (n 1)d = x + 50
x + (n 1)(2) = x + 50
50

n 1 =
2

= 25

n = 26

(d) Tm 2 = Sm 2 Sm 3

5. (a) a = 7, d = 10 7


=3
n

S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20

= [2(7) + (20 1)3]
2

= 710
(b) a = 5, d = 7 (5)


= 2

20
S20 = [2(1) + (20 1)(0.5)]
2
= 10(11.5)
= 115

1 24

1
6. (a) T1 = S1 = [2(1) + 1]
2
3


=
2

m 2 [2(m 2) + 1]
m 3 [2(m 3) + 1]
=
2
2
m

2
m

3
= (2m 3) (2m 5)
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
(2m2 7m + 6) (2m2 11m + 15)
=
2
4m

9
=
2

T6 = a + 5d
= 2 + 5(4)
= 22

T19 = a + 18d
= 2 + 18(4)
= 74

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= (a + l)
2
14
= (22 + 74)
2
= 672

(b)

a = 5, d = 3 (5)

=2
T6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5(2)
=5

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
14
= [2(5) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 7(36)
= 252

(b) T2 = S2 S1

20
1
1
S20 = 2 + (20 1)
2
4
2
= 100

31 2

1
3
1
(d) a = , d =
4
4
4
1


=
2

7. (a) a = 2, d = 4

20
S20 = [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 10(10 38)
= 480

(c) a = 1, d = 1.5 1


= 0.5

2
3
= [2(2) + 1]
2
2
3
=5
2
7
=
2

(c) a = 8, d = 5 8


= 3
n

Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
19

S19 = [2 8 + (19 1)(3)]
2

= 361




5
S5 = [2 8 + (5 1)(3)]
2
= 10

(b) a = 21, d = 18 21


= 3

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

= 361 10
= 371
8. (a) a = 3, d = 8 3


=5

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 1010 42
= 968

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 560 16
= 576

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 390 (18)
= 408

Sum of 10 terms = 574 84

= 490

S4 = (8) + (6) + (4) + (2)

= 20

Sum of 10 terms = 70 (20)

= 90
d = 5 3
=2

T11 = 3
a + 10d = 3
a + 10(2) = 3

a = 17

10
S10 = [2(17) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 80

(b)

d = 4 (1)
= 3

T11 = 1
a + 10d = 1
a + 10(3) = 1

a = 29

10
S10 = [2(29) + (10 1)(3)]
2
= 5(31)
= 155

11. (a) a = 8, d = 4 (8)

=4

14
S14 = [2(15) + (14 1)(4)]
2
= 574

4
S4 = [2(15) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 84

9. (a) a = 15, d = 19 15


=4

14
S14 = [2(8) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 70

20
S20 = [2(9) + (20 1)(3)]
2
=
390

4
S4 = [2(9) + (4 1)(3)]
2
= 18

Sum of 10 terms = 39 54

= 15

10. (a)

(c) a = 9, d = 6 (9)


=3

20
S20 = [2(10) + (20 1)(4)]
2
= 560

4
S4 = [2(10) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 16

S3 = 21 + 18 + 15
= 54

(c) a = 8, d = 6 (8)


=2

(b) a = 10, d = 6 10


= 4

20
S20 = [2(3) + (20 1)(5)]
2
= 10(101)
= 1010
4
S4 = [2(3) + (4 1)(5)]
2
= 2(21)
= 42

13
S13 = [2(21) + (13 1)(3)]
2
13
= (6)

2
= 39

10
S10 = [2(8) + (10 1)(4)]
2
= 5(20)
= 100

(b) a = 18, d = 12 18


= 6

Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a 2 = 7
a = 5

10
S10 = [2(18) + (10 1)(6)]
2
= 90

n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 480

(c) a = 1.0, d = 1.4 1.0

= 0.4

10
S10 = [2(1.0) + (10 1)(0.4)]
2
= 28

15. (a)
T3 = 14

a + 2d = 14.................................. 1

12. a = 2, d = 3

Sn = 155
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 155
2
n
[2(2) + (n 1)3] = 155
2
n
(4 + 3n 3) = 155
2
n
(1 + 3n) = 155

2

n + 3n2 = 310

3n2 + n 310 = 0
(3n + 31)(n 10) = 0
31

n = , 10
3

S10 = 185
10
[2a + (10 1)d] = 185
2

2a + 9d = 37............. 2

1 9, 9a + 18d = 126...................... 3
2 2, 4a + 18d = 74........................ 4
3 4, 5a = 52
52


a =
5
2


= 10
5
52
(b) Substitute a = into 1,
5
52
+ 2d = 14

5
52


2d = 14
5
18


=
5
9


d =
5

Since n is the number of terms, then n = 10.

13. a = 5, Tn = 25
5 + (n 1)d = 25

(n 1)d = 30............................... 1

Sn = 50
n
[2(5) + (n 1)d] = 50
2
n[10 + (n 1)d] = 100
10n + (n 1)dn = 100.................. 2

(c) T20 = a + 19d

52
9

= + 19
5
5
171
52

=
+
5
5
223

=
5

1 2

Substitute 1 into 2,
10n + 30n = 100

20n = 100

n = 5

16. a = 1, d = 2

Sn = 400
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 400
2
n
[2(1) + (n 1)(2)] = 400
2

n(2 + 2n 2) = 800

2n2 = 800

n2 = 400

n = 20

14. T2 = 7
a + d = 7............................................ 1

T7 = 17
a + 6d = 17........................................ 2
2 1, 5d = 10

d = 2

 17. a = p, d = 2

5
Tn =
128
5


arn 1 =
128
1 n 1
5
=

10
128
2
1 n 1
1

=
2
256
1 8


=
2


n 1 = 8


n = 9
6
(b) a = 2, r =
2


=3

T6 = 140

a + 5d = 140
p + 5(2) = 140

p = 140 + 10

= 150

1 2

1 2

18. a = 50, d = 2

1 2

Tn = 0

a + (n 1)d = 0
50 + (n 1)(2) = 0

n 1 = 25

n = 26
Total distance covered = 26 400

= 10 400 m
19. (a) r = 3
1
(b) r =
2
1
8
20. (a) a = , r =
2
2


=4

T6 = ar5
1

= (4)5
2

= 512

Tn = 4374

ar = 4374
(2)(3)n 1 = 4374

3n 1 = 2187

= 37

n 1 = 7

n = 8
n 1

14
22. (a) a = 7, r =
7


=2

rn 1

Sn = a
r 1
10
2
1

S10 = 7
2 1

= 7161

1
1

4
(b) a = 8, r =
8
1


=
2

T = ar5

1
= (8)
2
1
=
4

1 2

2
(b) a = 4, r =
4
1


=
2

1.2
(c) a = 0.6, r =
0.6


= 2

T6 = ar5

= 0.6 (2)5

= 19.2

5
21. (a) a = 10, r =
10
1


=
2

1 rn
S10 = a
1 r

1 10
1
2
= (4)
1
1
2
1 10
= 8 1
2
127
= 7
128

1 2

3 1 24

24
23. a = 8, r =
8

=3

5
27. a = 10, r =
10
1


=
2

Sum between 5th term and 10th term

= S9 S5
39 1
35 1
= 8 8
3 1
3 1
= 4(39 1) 4(35 1)
= 78 728 968
= 77 760

2 1

155
Sn =
8
n
155
1 r

a =
1 r
8
n
1
1
155
2
10 =
8
1
1
2
155
1 n
20 1 =
2
8

1
24. a = 1, r =
2

24 3

3 1

24

24

3 1

24

10
25. r =
5

= 2
T8 = 5

ar7 = 5
a(2)7 = 5

Sum of 7 terms before 5

= S7
5 27 1
=
128 2 1
635
=
128

1
51
a

155
1 n
1 =
160
2

1 2

155
112 2 = 1
160
n

5
=
160
1
=
32
1
=
2
n = 5

1 2

a
S =
1 r
18
=
1
1
2
= 36

4
(b) a = 12, r =
12
1


=
3

10
26. a = 5, r =
5

=2

9
28. (a) a = 18, r =
18
1


=
2

5
a =
27
5
=
128

1 2

3 1 24

1 9
1 3
1
1
2
2
S9 S3 = 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1 9
2
1 3

= 1 1
3
2
3
2
21

=
256

Sn = 155
rn 1
= 155
r 1
2n 1
= 155
2 1
2n 1 = 31
2n = 32

= 25

n = 5

2
2

a
S =
1 r
12
=
1
1
3
3
= 12
2
= 18

1 2

 29. a = 10
S = 20
a
= 20
1 r
10
= 20
1 r
1
1 r =
2

34. T2 = 10
ar = 10................................................. 1
T5 = 80
ar4 = 80............................................... 2
80
2 ar4
=
,
10
1 ar

r3 = 8

r = 2

1
r = 1
2
1
=
2

Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a=5
T3 = ar2
= 5 (2)2
= 20

1
30. r = , S = 40
3
a
= 40
1 r
a
= 40
1
1
3
2

a = 40
3
80

=
3
31. (a)

35. T2 + T3 = 15
ar + ar2 = 15
a(r + r2) = 15..................................... 1
a = 20................................................. 2
Substitute 2 into 1,

20(r + r2) = 15
3

r + r2 =
4
4r2 + 4r 3 = 0
(2r 1)(2r + 3) = 0
1
3

r = ,
2
2
1
Since r > 0, then r = .
2

2p
p
=
p
1
p2 = 2 p
p2 + p 2 = 0
+ 2)(p 1) = 0
p = 2, 1

(p

Since p = 1 does not form the geometric

progression, then p = 2.

rn 1
S20 = a
r 1
220 1
= 1
2 1
= 1 048 575

2
2

33. 2, 6, 18,
a = 2, r = 3
310 1
S10 = 2
3 1
= 59 048

T2 = 4
ar = 4........................................... 2

Substitute 1 into 2,
16(1 r)(r) = 4
16r 16r2 = 4
16r2 16r + 4 = 0
4r2 4r + 1 = 0

(2r 1)2 = 0
1

r =
2
1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1
a = 16 1
2
=8

32. 1, 2, 4,
a = 1, r = 2

1
1

S = 16
a
= 16
1 r

a = 16(1 r) ....................... 1

36. (a)

p
(b) r =
1
2

=
1

= 2

1
Therefore the common ratio = and the first
2
term = 8.

(b) T5 = ar4
1

=8
2
1

=
2

(b) a = k 2

=92

=7

1 2

37. (a) 2, 4, 8, 16,

Area of the 2nd circle

42 = 4
=

st
22
Area of 1 cicrle
rd
Area of the 3 circle
82 = 4
=

nd
42
Area of the 2 circle

Since they have same common ratio, r = 4, the area

of the circle forms a geometric progression.

4. (a) a = 4

d = 6 (4)

= 2

(b) Area of the 7th circle = R2

where R is the radius of the 7th circle.

R = T7 = ar6

Area of the 7th circle = R2

= (214)

= 16 384

4
=2
2
= 27 m

d = (2k 9) (k 2)
= (18 9) (9 2)
=97
=2
n
S10 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
10
= [2(7) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 5(32)
= 160

(b) S34 S4
34
4

= [2(4) + (34 1)(2)] [2(4)
2
2
+ (4 1)(2)]

= 17(74) 2(14)

= 1230

1 2

5.
T3 = 1 + 3m
a + 2d = 1 + 3m
a + 2(3) = 1 + 3m

a = 3m 5................................ 1

1. d = (5) (8)
=3

S4 = 96
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 96
2
4
[2a + (4 1)3] = 96
2

2a + 9 = 48

2a = 39
39

a =
2

5
(2a + 4d) = 5m + 4
2
5a + 10d = 5m + 4
5a + 10(3) = 5m + 4

5a = 5m 26......................... 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
5(3m 5) = 5m 26
15m 25 = 5m 26
15m 5m = 26 + 25

10m = 1
1

m =
10

Therefore, the four consecutive terms are

39 45 51 57
, , , .
2
2
2
2

6. (a)

2. 210 8 10
= RM130
3. (a)

S5 = 5m + 4

y + 1 3 = 27 (y + 1)

= 27 y 1

2y = 28

y = 14

y + 1
27
(b) =
3
y + 1

(y + 1)2 = 81

y + 1 = 9


y = 9 1


y = 8, 10

(2k 9) (k 2) = (k + 2) (2k 9)
2k 9 k + 2 = k + 2 2k + 9

k 7 = k + 11

2k = 18

k = 9

Since y is positive, then y = 8.

 11. (a) T2 = 1

ar = 1............................................ 1

p
3x + 2
7. =
10
3x + 2
(3x + 2)2

p =
10
8. 0.181818 = 0.18 + 0.0018 + 0.000018 +
0.0018
a = 0.18, r =
0.18


= 0.01
a
0.181818 =
1 r
0.18


=
1 0.01
2


=
11
12
9. (a) a = 3, r =
3


=4

Common ratio = 4
(b)

1
31

T3 + T4 = 2

ar2 + ar3 = 2
ar(r + r2) = 2................................ 2

Substitute 1 into 2,

1(r + r2) = 2

r + r2 = 2
2
r + r 2 = 0
(r + 2)(r 1) = 0

r = 2, 1
Since r , 0, then r = 2.

Substitute r = 2 into 1,
a(2) = 1
1
a =
2

1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1 r

Sn = 65 535
rn 1
= 65 535
r 1
4n 1
= 65 535
4 1
4n = 65 536
= 48
n = 8

2
2

1 1 (2)10
=
2 1 (2)
1
= [1 (2)10]
6
1023

=
6
= 170.5

12. (a) 1, 3, 5

a = 1, d = 2

10. (a) T2 = 3

ar = 3.......................................... 1
3

T4 =
4
3
3

ar = ........................................ 2
4
3

4
2 ar3

=
,
3
1 ar
1
2


r =
4
1


r =
2
1

Since r . 0, then r = .
2
1
(b) Substitute r = into 1,
2
3

a =
1

2

=6
a

S =
1 r
6

=
1
1
2

= 12

Tn = 401
a + (n 1)d = 401
1 + (n 1)(2) = 401
400

(n 1) =
2

n = 201

The height is 201 3

= 603 cm

n
(b) Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
201

S201 = [2 1 + (200)2]
2
201

= (402)
2

= 201 201

= 40 401
13. (a)

1st

2nd

3rd

2
x
3

4
x
9

2
y
3

4
y
9

A1 = Area of the 1st rectangle = xy

4
A2 = Area of the 2nd rectangle = xy
9
16
A3 = Area of the 3rd rectangle = xy
81
4

xy
A2
9
=

xy
A1
4

=
9

16
xy
A3
81
=
4
A2
xy
9
16
9

=
81
4
4

=
9

14. (a)

Since the ratios are the same, then the areas of

the rectangle form a geometric progression with
4
common ratio = .
9
(b) (i) A1 = xy


=49


= 36

1 2, 2x + 10y = 400............... 3

4
A2 = xy
9
4
= 36
9
= 16
16
A3 = xy
81
16
= 36
81
1
= 7
9
Tn = arn 1
13
4 n 1
3 = 36
81
9
256
4 n 1
= 36
81
9
64
4 n 1
=
729
9
4 3
4 n 1
=
9
9
n 1 = 3
n = 4

x, x + y, x + 2y,
a = x, d = y
given T6 = 200
a + 5d = 200
x + 5(y) = 200
x + 5y = 200.............................. 1
and
S12 = 2520
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 2520
2
12
(2x + 11y) = 2520
2

2x + 11y = 420.............. 2

a
(ii) S =
1 r
36

=
4
1
9
9

= 36
5
324

= m2
5

2 3, y = 20

Substitute y = 20 into 1,
x + 5(20) = 200

x = 100

(b)

Tn of Encik Ali = Tn of Encik Tan

100 + (n 1)20 = 200 + (n 1)10
100 + 20n 20 = 200 + 10n 10

10n = 110

n = 11

1 2

1 2

1. (a)

1 2

1 2 1 2

a = 24, d = 4
T10 = a + 9d
= 24 + 9(4)
= 12

30
(b) S30 = [2(24) + (30 1)(4)]
2

= 15(68)

= 1020

Therefore, the fourth rectangle has area

13
of 3 m2.
81

10

 2. 7, 9, 11, , 199
a = 7, d = 2

1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1 r

Tn = 199
a + (n 1)d = 199
7 + (n 1)2 = 199
192

n 1 =
2


= 96


n = 97

23

2
a = 30
3
= 20

x
2

9. =
x
2
x2 = 1
x = 1
Since x . 0, then x = 1.
10.

Tn = 729
arn 1 = 729
1
(3)n 1 = 729
3
(3)n 1 = 2187

= (3)7
n 1 = 7

n = 8

1 2

T10 = 15 3(10)
= 15

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
10
S10 = [12 + (15)]
2
= 5(3)
= 15

7x + 27
5x 3 =

x
5x 3

(5x 3)2 = 7x2 + 27x
25x2 30x + 9 = 7x2 + 27x
18x2 57x + 9 = 0
(18x 3)(x 3) = 0
3

x = , 3
18

11.

6. 2y + 3 2x = 5y + 1 (2y + 3)

= 5y + 1 2y 3
2y + 3 2x = 3y 2
3y 2y = 3 2x + 2

y = 5 2x

Since x is a integer, then x = 3.

7. (a) T10 = ar9

1
r =
3
S = 30

5. Tn = 15 3n
a = T1
= 15 3(1)
= 12

1 1 (2)10
=
1 (2)
2
1
= 170
2

a
= 30
1 r
a
= 30
1
1
3
a
= 30
2

4.
x 2x2 = (3x 10) x

x 2x2 = 2x 10
2x2 + x 10 = 0
(2x + 5)(x 2) = 0
5

x = , x = 2
2
Since x . 0, then x = 2.

1
= (2)9
2
= 256

3. (3 x) (20) = 16 (3 x)

3 x + 20 = 16 + 3 + x

17 x = 13 + x

2x = 30

x = 15

8.

97
S97 = (7 + 199)
2

= 9991

11

2
12. a = 4, r =
4
1

=
2

1
(b) a = 20, r =
5

p = S
a

=
1 r
20

=
1
1
5
5

= 20
4

= 25

a
S =
1 r
4
=
1
1
2
=8
1
13. = 0.0833333
t
= 0.08 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + 0.00003 +
a
= 0.08 +
1 r
0.003
= 0.08 +
1 0.1
0.003
= 0.08 +
0.9
1
=
12
t = 12

17. T1 + T2 = 28
a + ar = 28
a(1 + r) = 28........................................ 1
T2 + T3 = 14
ar + ar2 = 14
a(r + r2) = 14..................................... 2
14
2 a(r + r2)
, =
28
1 a(1 + r)
1
r(1 +
r)

=
2
1 + r
1

r =
2

14. 0.090909...
= 0.09 + 0.0009 + 0.000009 +
a
=
1 r
0.09
=
1 0.01
1
=
11

1
Substitute r = into 1,
2
1
a 1 = 28
2

a = 28 2

= 56

1 r6
S6 = a
1 r

1
15. = 0.166666
p = 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 +
a
= 0.1 +
1 r
0.06
= 0.1 +
1 0.1
0.06
= 0.1 +
0.9
1
=
6
Therefore, a = 0.06, b = 0.006 and p = 6.

3
3

4
2
4

1 6
1
2
= 56
1
1
2
1 6
1
2
= 56
3

2
= 36.75

18. Sn = n(6 n)
(a) T3 = S3 S2

= 3(6 3) 2(6 2)

=98

= 1

4
4
16. (a) p = q + 4 + + +
5
25
4

5

r =
4
1

=
5
4
1
=

q
5

q = 20

(b)

12

S10 S5
= 10(6 10) 5(6 5)
= 40 5
= 45

 19. T10 = 7T1

a + 9d = 7a

6a = 9d
3

a = d
2

22. (a)

20. a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d,

S20 = 570
20
[2a + (20 1)d] = 570
2


2a + 19d = 57.................................1

(b) Total distance travelled

11

= [2(200) + 10(20)]
2
11

= (400 200)
2

= 1100 m

Sum of even numbers

S10 = 300
10
[2(a + d) + (10 1)(2d)] = 300
2


2a + 2d + 18d = 60


2a + 20d = 60...................2

23. (a)

2 1, d = 3

Substitute d = 3 into 1,
2a + 19(3) = 57

2a = 57 57


a = 0

(x

Progression I: 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d,
Progression II: A, A + 2, A + 4, A + 6 +
1 = A + 6
A = 5
Therefore, the first term of the arithmetic
progression II is 5.
S4 = 22
4
[2(1) + (4 1)d] = 22
2

2 + 3d = 11

3d = 9

d = 3

(b)

T10 = a + 9d
= 0 + 9(3)
= 27
21.

200, 180, 160,

Tn = 0

a + (n 1)d = 0
200 + (n 1)(20) = 0
200

n 1 =
20

= 10

n = 11

x
x2
=
2x + 3
x
x2 = (x 2)(2x + 3)
= 2x2 x 6
x2 x 6 = 0
3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3, 2

3
1
When x = 3, the sequence is 9, 3, 1 and r = =
9
3
When x = 2, the sequence is 1, 2, 4 and
2
r = = 2
1
Since 1 , r , 1 for S to exist,
1
then r = .
3
a
S =
1 r
9
=
1
1
3
9
=
2

3
3
=9
2
27
=
2

24. (a) (i)

T6 = 15
a + 5d = 15.......................... 1

T10 = 23
a + 9d = 23......................... 2

2 1, 4d = 8

d = 2

Substitute d = 2 into 1,
a + 10 = 15

a = 5

(b)

13

15
(ii) S15 = [2(5) + (15 1)(2)]
2
15

= (38)
2

= 285

Tn = 405
a + (n 1)d = 405
5 + (n 1)(2) = 405
(n 1)(2) = 400

n 1 = 200

n = 201
Since n is an integer, this shows that 405 is a term
in the progression.

1
(b) A1 = 2 (2 + 4)
2

=6

25. (a) 98, 96, 94,

a = 98 cm, d = 2 cm

T20 = a + 19d
= 98 + 19(2)
= 60 cm

(b) 2S19 + T20

19

= 2 [2(98) + 18(2) + 60
2

= 19(160) + 60

= 3100 cm

The sum of the first 10 trapezium

10
= [2(6) + 9(4)]
2
= 240 cm2

29. (a) (i)

Tn = 0

a + (n 1)d = 0
2 + (n 1)(0.2) = 0
2
n 1 =
0.2

= 10

n = 11
Time taken is 11 seconds.

11
(b) S11 = [2(2) + 10(0.2)]
2
11

= (4 2)
2

= 11 cm
28. (a)

a = 6, d = 4

27. (a) 2, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4,

a = 2, d = 0.2

(b) Distance travelled by P = 9 10 + 100

= 190 m

1
A3 = 2 (6 + 8)
2
= 14

26. (a) Particle P: 10, 12, 14, 16,

Distance travelled by P

= distance travelled by Q + 100
n

[2 10 + (n 1)(2)] = 9n + 100
2
n
(20 + 2n 2) = 9n + 100


2
n
(18 + 2n) = 9n + 100


2


9n + n2 = 9n + 100


n2 = 100


n = 10 m s1

Therefore, the velocity of P is 10 m s1.

1
A2 = 2 (4 + 6)
2
= 10

2, 4, 6, 8, (height)
a = 2, d = 2
T25 = a + 24d
= 2 + 24(2)
= 2 + 48
= 50
Therefore, the height of 25th edge is 50 cm.

14

T2 = x2
ar = x2. ............................... 1
x4
T3 =
16
x4
2
ar = ............................. 2
16
x4

2 ar2
16
, =
x2
1 ar
x2

r =
16

x2
x2
(ii) r = = 1 or r = = 0
16
16


x2 = 16
x = 0


x = 4

Therefore, the values of x are 0, 4, 4.

(b) (i)

5x (x + 5) = (8x 3) 5x

4x 5 = 3x 3

x = 2

(ii)

When x = 2,
x + 5 = 7
5x = 10
8x 3 = 13
\ d = 3

a = T4
= 13 + 3
= 16
10
S10 = [2(16) + 9(3)]
2
= 5(32 + 27)
= 5(59)
= 295

 30. (a) a = T1 = 2


n = 10

S10 = 155
10
[2(2) + 9d] = 155
2

4 + 9d = 31

9d = 27

d = 3

The longest part = T10

= a + 9d

= 2 + 9(3)

= 29

10
32. a = 5, r =
5

=2

1
1

10
5
(b) S10 S5 = [2(2) + 9(3)] [2(2) + 4(3)]
2
2
5


= 5(31) (16)
2


= 115

T10 = ar9
= 2(3)9
= 39 366

The value of the 10th term

= 39 3662
= 1 549 681 956

(b) (i)

4x x = 3x
7x 4x = 3x

Therefore, the indices form an arithmetic

progression.

(ii) a = x, d = 3x
10

S10 = [2x + 9(3x)]
2

= 5(2x + 27x)

= 145x

2
2

Therefore, the least number of n = 8.

33. (a) G.P.: T1 = a = 3, r

A.P.: T1 = a = 3, d = r

31. (a) 2, 6, 18, 54,

The base is a geometric progression

with a = 2, r = 3

Sn . 1000

rn 1 . 1000
a
r 1
n
2
1 . 1000
5
2 1
2n 1 . 200

2n . 201
log10 2n . log10 201
n log10 2 . log10 201
log10 201

n .
log10 2

n . 7.65

T5 of the geometric progression = 48

ar4 = 48
3r4 = 48
r4 = 16
r = 2
Since r . 0, then r = 2.

(b) Sn of A.P. = T4 of G.P.

n

[2(3) + (n 1)2] = 3 (2)3
2
n
(6 + 2n 2) = 24


2
n
(4 + 2n) = 24


2


2n + n2 = 24
2


n + 2n 24 = 0


(n + 6)(n 4) = 0


n = 4

15