CHAPTER 2 SEQUENCES AND

SERIES

Focus on Exam 2
1

u13 = 3,

S13 = 234

13(a u ) 234
+ 13 =
2
a = 3 12d ...(1) 13(a + 3) = 234 ...(2)
2
From (2), a = 33
When a = 33, 33 = 3 12d d = 5
2
25
5
S25 =
(2)(33) + (24)
2
2
25
= (66 60) = 75
2
2 (a) a = 1, r = 5
4
5 n1
n
a(r 1)
5 n1
Sn =
= 4
=4
51
4
r1
4
(b)
Sn > 20
a + 12d = 3

1 24

12
1 2

31 2

31 2 4
12
12

n
4 5 1 > 20
4
5 n1>5
4
5 n>6
4
n lg 5 > lg 6
4
n > 8.03
The least number of terms is 9.

3 12 22 + 32 42 + + (2n 1)2 (2n)2

= 3 7 11
a = 3, d = 4
Sn = n 36 + (n 1)(4)4
2
n
n
= (6 4n + 4) = (4n 2)
2
2
[Shown]
= n(2n + 1)

(a) 12 22 + 32 42 + + (2n 1)2 (2n)2

+ (2n + 1)2
= n(2n + 1) + (2n + 1)2
= (2n + 1)(n + 2n + 1)
= (2n + 1)(n + 1)
(b) 212 222 + 232 242 + + 392 402
= (12 22 + 32 42 + + 392 402)
(12 22 + 32 42 + + 192 202)
= S20 S10
= 20(2(20) + 1) [10(2(10) + 1)]
= 820 (210) = 610
4 d = 2
un = a + (n 1)(2) = a + 2n 2
When n = 20, u20 = a + 2(20) 2 = a + 38
S20 = 1120
20(a u ) 1120
+ 20 =
2
10(a + a + 38) = 1120
2a = 74
a = 37
u20 = a + 38 = 37 + 38 = 75
5 (a)

a = 3, d = 4, Sn = 820
Sn = n[2a + (n 1)d]
2
820 = n(6 + 4n 4)
2
1640 = n(2 + 4n)
n(1 + 2n) = 820
n + 2n2 820 = 0
(2n + 41)(n 20) = 0
n = 20 since n = 41 is not a solution.
2
T20 = 3 + 19(4) = 79
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 1

3/1/2012 11:00:33 AM

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

(b) Since they form an A.P.,

(p2 + q2)2 (p2 2pq q2)2
= (p2 + 2pq q2)2 (p2 + q2)2

(p2 + q2 p2 2pq q2)(p2 + q2 p2

+ 2pq + q2)
= (p2 + 2pq + q2 + p2 + q2)(p2 + 2pq
q2 p2 q2)
(2p2 2pq)(2q2 + 2pq) = (2p2 + 2pq)
(2pq 2q2)
4pq(p q)(q + p) = 4pq(p + q)(p q)
LHS = RHS
[Shown]
6 (a) Sn = pn + qn2, S8 = 20, S13 = 39
(i) S8 = 8p + 64q
8p = 20 64q
p = 5 8q
(1)
2
S13 = 39
13p + 169q = 39
(2)
Substitute (1) into (2),
13 5 8q + 169q = 39
2
65 104q 169q 39
+
=
2
65q = 13
2
1
q=
10
5
1
17
p= 8
=
2
10
10
(ii) un = Sn Sn 1
= pn + qn2 [p(n 1) + q(n 1)2]
= p(n n + 1) + q[n2 (n 1)2]
= p + q[(n + n 1)(n n + 1)]
= p + q(2n 1)(1)
17 1 (2n 1)
=
+
10 10
17 n 1
8 n
=
+
= +
10 5 10
5

1 2

(iii) To show that it is an A.P.,

un un 1 = un + 1 un = d
8 + n 8 + (n 1) 8 + (n + 1)
=
5
5
5
8
n
+

5
2(8 + n) 8 + (n + 1) + 8 + (n 1)
=
5
5
2(8 + n) = 16 + 2n
2(8 + n) = 2(8 + n)
LHS = RHS
[Shown]

d = (8 + n) 8 + (n 1)
5
5
8 n 8 n + 1 1 0.2
= +
= =
5
5
7 If J, K, M is a G.P., then
K M
=
J K
K2 = MJ
(1)
k1 2
m1
j1
(ar ) = (ar ) (ar )
r 2k 2 = r m 1 + j 1
2k 2 = m + j 2
k+k=m+j
k m = j k
(2)
and
2k = m + j
(3)
(k m)lg J + (m j)lg K + (j k)lg M
= lg Jk m + lg Km j + lg Mj k
= lg Jj k + lg Km j + lg Mj k [from (2)]
= ( j k)(lg J + lg M) + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg JM + lg Km j
= ( j k)lg K2 + (m j)lg K
= 2(j k)lg K + (m j)lg K
= (2j 2k + m j)lg K
= (j + m 2k)lg K
= (2k 2k)lg K [from (3)]
[Proven]
= 0
8 a = 3000, d = 20, un = 500,
un = a + (n 1)d
500 = 3000 + (n 1)(20)
n = 126
S126 = 126(3000 + 500)
2
220
500 feeds
=
Total feeding cost
= RM0.08 220 500
= RM17 640
a = 10, d = 10, Sn = 2100
Sn = n[a + (n 1)d]
2
2100 = n[10 + (n 1)(10)]
2
4200 = n(10 + 10n 10)
n2 = 420
n = 20.49
The farmer takes 20 weeks to sell all of his
ducks.

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 2

3/1/2012 11:00:34 AM

Fully Worked Solution

a(1 r5)
= 44 (1)
1r
S10 S5 = 11
8
a(1 r10) a(1 r5) 11
=
1r
1r
8
5
5
5
a(1 + r )(1 r ) a(1 r ) 11 (2)
=
1r
1r
8
5
a(1 r )(1 r5 1) 11
+
=
1r
8
Substitute (1) into (2),
44(r5) = 11
8
5
r = 1
32
r = 1 [Shown]
2
5
1
a 1
2
= 44
1 1
2
a 1 + 1 = 66
32
a = 64
a
Sn =
1r
64
=
1 1
2
2
= 42
3
S5 = 44,

3 1 24
1 2
1
2

1 2

31
31

3+1
31
32 3+1
=
=2 3
31
u3 = u2r
= ( 3 1)(2 3)
=2 332+ 3
=3 35
u4 = u3r

10 (a) r =

= (3 3 5)(2 3)
= 6 3 3(3) 10 + 5 3
= 11 3 19
(b) r = 2 3 [< 1]
3+1
S = a =
1 r 1 (2 3 )
3+1
3+1 3+2 3+1
=

=
2
31
3+1
=2+ 3

S6 7
= , u = 4
S3 8 2
8S6 = 7S3
(1)
ar = 4
a = 4
(2)
r
6
a(1 r )
a(1 r3)
8
=7
1r
1r
6
8(1 r ) = 7(1 r3)
8 8r6 = 7 7r3
6
8r 7r3 1 = 0
3
(r 1)(8r3 + 1) = 0
r3 = 1 or 1
8
r = 1 since r = 1 is
2
not a solution.
a= 4 =8
1
2
8
1
(b) r = = 4, a = 2
5 2 5
Sn > 9.9
a(1 r n)
> 9.9
1r
n
2 1 4
5 > 9.9

1
5
n
1 4 > 0.99
5
4 n < 0.01
5
n lg 4 < lg (0.01)
5
n > 20.64

The least number of terms is 21.
11 (a)

4 3

1 2

3 1 24
12
12
12

12 u3 = S2
a(1 r2)
ar2 =
1r
ar2(1 r) = a(1 + r)(1 r)
ar2 = a(1 + r)
2
r r1=0
2
(1) (1) 4(1)(1)
r=
2
1 5
=
2
a=2
5
When r = 1 +
[|r| > 1], S doesnt exist
2
5
When r = 1
[|r| < 1],
2
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 3

3/1/2012 11:00:35 AM

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

S =
=

2
1 5
1
2
1 5
4
2
=

1
+ 5 1 5
21+ 5
2

44 5
=
= 51
15
13 a = 3, r = 0.4
(a)
un < 0.02
n1
ar < 0.02
3(0.4)n 1 < 0.02
1
(0.4)n 1 <
150
1
(n 1)lg 0.4 < lg
150
n 1 > 5.47
n > 6.47
The least number of terms is 7.
(b)
S Sn < 0.01

a(1 r n)
a

S Sn 1 r
1r
=
a
S
1r
a [1 (1 r n)]
1r
=
a
1r
= r n

a
1r

a(1 r n)
a

< 0.01
1r
1r
a
n
(1 1 + r ) < 0.01
1r
3 n
(r ) < 0.01
0.6
0.4n < 2 103
n lg 0.4 < lg (2 103)
n > 6.78
The least number of terms is 7.

14 Sn = a + ar + ar2 + + arn 2 + arn 1 (1)

rSn = ar + ar2 + + arn 2 +
arn 1 + arn
(2)
(1) (2),
Sn rSn = a arn
Sn(1 r) = a(1 rn)
a(1 rn)
Sn =

[Shown]
1r
For S to exist, |r| < 1,
a(1 r)
a
lim
S
=
S
=
=

n n
1r
1r

(a) u4 = 18,

[Shown]

16
3
16
6
ar =
(2)
3
u7 =

ar3 = 18 (1)
(2) 3
16
1

,r =

3
18
(1)
8
r3 =
27
2
r=
3
3
2

a
= 18
3

a = 243
4
243
729
4
S =
=
2
4
1
3
S Sn
(b)
< 0.001
S
r n < 0.001

1 2
1 2
12

12

1 2

2n
< 0.001
3
2
n lg < lg 0.001
3
n > 17.04
The least value of n is 18.

12

2r 1
2r + 1

r(r 1) r(r + 1)
(r 1)(2r 1) (2r + 1)(r 1)
= +
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2
2r r + 2r 1 2r2 + 2r r + 1
=
r(r 1)(r + 1)
2r
2
=
 [Verified]
=
r(r 1)(r + 1) (r 1)(r + 1)
15

2
(r 1)(r + 1)
n
2r 1
2r + 1
= S

r(r + 1)
r = 2 r(r 1)
n

r=2

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 4

3/1/2012 11:00:35 AM

Fully Worked Solution

n
= S [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) = 2r 1
r=2
r(r 1)
= f(2) f(n + 1)
3
2n + 1 
[Proven]
=
2 n(n + 1)
1
2
S
2 r = 2 (r 1)(r + 1)
1
3 2n + 1
= nlim
2 2 n(n + 1)

2 1
+
1
3
n n2
= nlim

2 2
1+1
n
1 3
3
= 0 =
2 2
4

1
1
r+2r

=
r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2) r(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
=
r(r + 1)(r + 2)
[Shown]
n
1
S
r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
2
= S
2 r = 1 r(r + 1)(r + 2)
1 n
1
1
= S

2 r = 1 r(r + 1) (r + 1)(r + 2)
1
f(r) =
r(r + 1)
1 n
= S [f(r) f(r + 1)]
2 r=1
1
= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1
=

2 2 (n + 1)(n + 2)
1 n2 + 3n + 2 2
=
2 2(n + 1)(n + 2)
n2 + 3n
=
4(n + 1)(n + 2)
16

3
3

17 (a)

1
1
1

=
(2r 1)(2r + 1) 2(2r 1) 2(2r + 1)
1 1
1

=
2 2r 1 2r + 1
2n
1
(b) S
r = n (2r 1)(2r + 1)
2n
1
1

= S
r = n 2(2r 1)
2(2r + 1)
1 2n
1 ,
= S [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) =
2 r=n
2r 1
1

= [f(n) f(2n + 1)]
2
1
1
1

=
2 2n 1 4n + 1
1 4n + 1 2n + 1

=
2 (2n 1)(4n + 1)
n+1
an + b
=
=
(2n 1)(4n + 1) (2n 1)(4n + 1)

[Shown]

a = 1, b = 1
n+1
(c) lim
n (2n 1)(4n + 1)

1
A
B

+
(2r 1)(2r + 1) 2r 1 2r 1
1 A(2r + 1) + B(2r 1)
1
1
Let r = ,
Let r = ,
2
2
l = B(2)
1 = A(2)
1
1
B=
A=
2
2

3
1

4
2

1 1
+
n n2
= nlim

8 2 12
n n

=0

1
A
B

+
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2r + 1 2r + 3
l A(2r + 3) + B(2r + 1)
3
1
Let r =
Let r =
2
2
1 = B(2)
1 = A(2)
1
1
B =
A=
2
2
1
1
1

=
(2r + 1)(2r + 3) 2(2r + 1) 2(2r + 3)
n
1
S
r = 1 (2r + 1)(2r + 3)
1 n
1
1
= S

2 r = 1 2r + 1 2r + 3
1 n
= S [f(r) f(r + 1)] f(r) = 1
2 r=1
2r + 1
1
= [f(1) f(n + 1)]
2
1 1
1
1
1
=

=
2 3 2n + 3
6 2(2n + 3)
18 Let

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 5

3/1/2012 11:00:36 AM

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

To test for the convergence,

1
1
1
nlim
=

6 2(2n + 3)
6
The series converges to 1.
6
S` = 1
6

19 S

n = 25

= S

n = 25

= f(n) f(0)
n+1 1

=
n+2 2
2(n + 1) (n + 2)
=
2(n + 2)
2n + 2 n 2
=
2(n + 2)
n
=
2(n + 2)

1
1

2n 1
2n + 1

2
[f(n) f(n + 1)] 3f(n) =

1
2n 1

= f(25) f(N + 1)
1
1
=

50 1
2N + 1
1
1
=
7
2N + 1

1
1
1
S un = nlim
=

n = 25
7
7
2n + 1

(r + 1)! r! (r + 1)r! r!
1
20 1
=
=
r!(r + 1)!
r!(r + 1)!
r! (r + 1)!
r

[Shown]
=
(r + 1)!
n
n
r
1
1
= S
S
(r + 1)!
r = 1 (r + 1)!
r = 1 r!
n
= S [f(r) f(r + 1)],

r=1

f(r) = 1
r!
= f(1) f(n + 1)
1
=1
(n + 1)!
r+1
r

r+2 r+1
(r 1)2 r(r + 2)
= +
(r + 1)(r + 2)
2
r 2r 1 r2 2r
= + +
(r + 1)(r + 2)
1
=

[Shown]
(r + 1)(r + 2)
n
n
r+1
r
1
S

= S
r
2
r
+
+1
r = 1 (r + 1)(r + 2)
r=1
21

3f(r) = rr ++ 124

1
A
B

+
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4n 1 4n + 3
l A(4n + 3) + B(4n 1)
3
1
Let n =
Let n =
4
4
1 = B(4)
1 = A(4)
1
1
B =
A=
4
4
1
1 1
1

=
(4n 1)(4n + 3) 4 4n 1 4n + 3
23 Let

= S [f(r) f(r 1)],

r=1

22 f(r) f(r 1)
1
1
=

(2r + 1)(2r + 3) (2r 1)(2r + 1)

2r 1 2r 3
=
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
4
=

[Shown]
(2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
n
1
S
r = 1 (2r 1)(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
n
4
= 1 S
(2r

1)(2r
4 r=1
+ 1)(2r + 3)
n
= 1 S [f(r) f(r 1)]
4 r=1
1
f(r) =
(2r + 1)(2r + 3)
= 1[f(n) f(0)]
4
1
= 1
1
4 (2n + 1)(2n + 3) 3
1
= 1
12 4(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
4n2 + 6n + 2n + 3 3
=
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
4n2 + 8n
=
12(2n + 1)(2n + 3)
n2 + 2n
=
3(2n + 1)(2n + 3)

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 6

3/1/2012 11:00:36 AM

Fully Worked Solution

1
4r + 3
1
1

4r 1 4r + 3

313 + 14 n +1 3 n +1 44
7
2n + 7
= n 43
12 (n + 3)(n + 4)4
7(n + 7n + 12) 12(2n + 7)
= n 43
4
12(n + 3)(n + 4)

Let f(r) =

= n 4

n
1 S
4 r=1
n
= 1 S [f(r 1) f(r)]
4 r=1
= 1 [f(0) f(n)]
4
= 1 1 1
4 3 4n + 3
n
= 1 4n + 3 3 =
4 3(4n + 3)
3(4n + 3)

3
3

24 f(x) = x + x + 1
1
x x+1
1 =

f(x)
x x+1
x+ x+1
x x+1
=
x (x + 1)
= x+1 x
24
24
S 1 = S 1 x x + 12
x = 1 f(x)
x=1
= ( 1 2 + 2 3 + +
24 25)
= (1 5) = 4
25 Using long division,
1
x + 6x + 8 2 x + 6x + 0
x2 + 6x + 8
8
x(x + 6)
8

1
(x + 2)(x + 4)
(x + 2)(x + 4)
8
A
B
Let

,
+
(x + 2)(x + 4) (x + 2) (x + 4)
8 A(x + 4) + B(x + 2)
Let x = 4,
Let x = 2,
8 = B(2)
8 = A(2)
B = 4
A=4
x(x + 6)
4
4

=1
+
(x + 2)(x + 4)
x+2 x+4
n
4
4
1
+
S
x
2
x
+
+4
x=1
n
n
1
1

= S 1 4 S
x
2
x
+
+4
x=1
x=1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= n 4 + + +
3 5 4 6 5 7
1
1
1
1

+
+
n+1 n+3 n+2 n+4
2

7n2 + 49n + 84 24n 84

3(n + 3)(n + 4)
7n2 + 25n
= n
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
3n(n + 3)(n + 4) n(7n + 25)
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 7n + 12) 7n 25]
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n[3n2 + 21n + 36 7n 25]
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(3n2 + 14n + 11)
=
3(n + 3)(n + 4)
n(n + 1)(3n + 11)
=

3(n + 3)(n + 4)
= n

4
4

[Shown]

26 First, it is shown that the result is true

when n = 1.
If n = 1,
1(1 + 4) = 1 5 = 5 and
1
(1) [(1) + 1][2(1) + 13]
6
1
= 1 2 15 = 5
6
Hence, the result is true for n = 1.
If the result is true for some general
value of n, say n = k, then it must also be
true for the next value of n, i.e. n = k + 1.
If n = k,
1 5 + 2 6 + 3 7 + + k(k + 4)
1
= k(k + 1)(2k + 13)
6
Now it is necessary to show that for n = k + 1.
1 5 + 2 6 + 3 7 + + k(k + 4)
+ (k + 1)[(k + 1) + 4]
1
= (k + 1)[(k + 1) + 1] [2(k + 1) + 13]
6
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)(2k + 15)
6
And also follows it by showing that:
1 5 + 2 6 + 3 7 + + k(k + 4)
+ (k + 1)[(k + 1) + 4]
= 1 5 + 2 6 + 3 7 + + k(k + 4)
+ (k + 1)(k + 5)
1
= k(k + 1)(2k + 13) + (k + 1)(k + 5)
6
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 7

3/1/2012 11:00:37 AM

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

1
= (k + 1) k(2k + 13) + (k + 5)
6
1
= (k + 1)[2k2 + 13k + 6k + 30]
6
1
= (k + 1)(2k2 + 19k + 30)
6
1
= (k + 1)(k + 2)(2k + 15)
6

Since (k + 2)3
= (k + 2)(k + 2)2
= (k + 2)(k2 + 4k + 4)
= k3 + 4k2 + 4k + 2k2 + 8k + 8
= k3 + 6k2 + 12k + 8
n
1
Thus S (r3 + 3r 5) = n3(n + 1)3
2
r=1

[Proved to be the same]

n
1
Thus S r(r + 4) = n(n + 1)(2n + 13)
6
r=1

27 (a) F
 irst, it is shown that the result is
true when n = 1.
If n = 1,
(1)3 + 3(1)5 = 1 + 3 = 4 and
1
= (1)3(1 + 1)3 = 4
2
Hence, the result is true for n = 1.

If the result is true for some general
value of n, say n = k, then it must
also be true for the next value of n,
i.e. n = k + 1.
If n = k,
13 + 3(1)5 + 23 + 3(2)5 + 33 + 3(3)5
1
+ + k3 + 3k5 = k3(k + 1)3
2
Now it is necessary to show that for
n = k + 1.
13 + 3(1)5 + 23 + 3(2)5 + 33 + 3(3)5
+ + k3 + 3k5 + (k + 1)3 + 3(k + 1)5
1
= (k + 1)3[(k + 1) + 1]3
2
1
= (k + 1)3(k + 2)3
2
And also follows it by showing that:
13 + 3(1)5 + 23 + 3(2)5 + 33 + 3(3)5
+ + k3 + 3k5 + (k + 1)3 + 3(k + 1)5
1
= k3(k + 1)3 + (k + 1)3 + 3(k + 1)5
2
1
= (k + 1)3 k3 + 1 + 3(k + 1)2
2
1
= (k + 1)3[k3 + 2 + 6(k2 + 2k + 1)]
2
1
= (k + 1)3[k3 + 6k2 + 12k + 8]
2
1
= (k + 1)3(k + 2)3
2
[Proved to be the same]

n
1
(b) S (r3 + 3r5) = n3(n + 1)3
2
r=1
n
n
1
3
5

r + 3 S r = n3(n + 1)3
S
2
r=1
r=1
n
n
1
3 S r5 = n3(n + 1)3 S r3
2
r=1
r=1
n
1 2
3
Given that S r = n (n + 1)2
4
r=1
n
1 3
1
5
3 S r = n (n + 1)3 n2(n + 1)2
2
4
r=1
1 2
2
= n (n + 1) [2n(n + 1) 1]
4
1
= n2(n + 1)2(2n2 + 2n 1)
4
n
1
S r5 = n2(n + 1)2 (2n2 + 2n 1)
12
r=1
5

3
28 (a) 1 x (2 + 3x)6
2
2
3
3
= 1 + 5C1 x + 5C2 x +
2
2

[26 + 6C1(2)5(3x) + 6C2(2)4(3x)2 + ]

15
45 2
x+
x (64 + 576x + 2160x2)
2
2
= 64 + 576x +2160x2 480x 4320x2
+ 1440x2
= 720x2 + 96x + 64
[Shown]

= 1

3
(b) 1 x x2
2
5
1
= x (x + 2)
2
5
1
= x
(x + 2)5
2
5
5
1
x
=
(1 2x)5(2)5 1 +
2
2
= [1 + 5(2x) + 10(2x)2 + 10(2x)3
x
x 2
x

+ 5(2x)4 ] 1 + 5
+ 10
+ 10
2
2
2

x 4
+5
2

31 2
1 2
12
1 2 44

12

12

12

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 8

3/1/2012 11:00:38 AM

Fully Worked Solution

= (1 10x + 40x2 80x3 + 80x4)

5
5
5
5
1 + x + x2 + x3 + x 4
2
2
4
16
5
5
5
5
= 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x 4 10x
2
2
4
16
25
25x2 25x3 x 4 + 40x2 + 100x3
2
+ 100x 4 80x3 200x4 + 80x 4
15
35
15
515 4
= 1 x + x 2 x 3
x
2
2
4
16

Let
x = 1,
1 2 + 3 = 3(2) + [B + (2)](2)
2 = 6 4 2B
B=0
Hence, f(x) = 3 2 2
1x 1+x
f(x) = 3(1 x)1 2(1 + x2)1
1
1(2)
2
(x)
= 3 1 + (x) +
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
3
(x) +
+
3!
1
2 1 + (x)2 +
1!
3(1
x
=
+ + x2 + x3 + ) 2(1 x2 + )
= 3 + 3x + 3x2 + 3x3 2 + 2x2
= 1 + 3x + 5x2 + 3x3 where |x| < 1
[Shown]

10(9)
2 2
29 (a) 1 + 10(3x + 2x ) +
(3x + 2x )
2
10(9)(8)
2 3
+
(3x + 2x )
3!
= 1 + 30x + 20x2 + 45(9x2 + 12x3)
+ 120(27x3)
= 1 + 30x + 425x2 + 3780x3
Coefficient of x3 = 3780
2

(b) (1 + x)1(4 + x2)

= 1+

31 (a)

1
1(2) 2
(x) +
(x) +
1!
2!
1

1(2)(3) 3 1 22
x2
(x) +
4
1+
4
3!

1 2
1
x
= (1 x + x2 x3 + )1 + 2
2
1! 4

1 2

1 2

1 3 2 2
2 2 x
+
+
4
2!
1
x2
= (1 x + x2 x3 + ) 1
+
8
2
1
x2
x3
= 1
x+
+ x2 x3
8
8
2
1
7
7
= 1 x + x2 x3 +
2
8
8
where |x| < 1

1 2

1
1

A
Bx + C
+
1 x 1 + x2
1 + 2x + 3x2 A(1 + x2) + (Bx + C)(1 x)
Let
x = 1,
1 + 2 + 3 = A(2)
A=3
Let
x = 0,
1 = 3(1) + (0 + C)(1)
C = 2
30 Let f(x)

( 5 + 2)6 ( 5 2)6
8 5
[( 5 + 2)3 + ( 5 2)3][( 5 + 2)3
( 5 2)3]
=
8 5
( 5 + 2 + 5 2)[( 5 + 2)2
( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
( 5 + 2 5 + 2)[( 5 + 2)2
+ ( 5 + 2)( 5 2) + ( 5 2)2]
=
8 5
[2 5(5 + 4 5 + 4 1 + 5
4 5 + 4)] [(4)(5 + 4 5
+ 4 + 1 + 5 4 5 + 4)]
=
8 5
= (17)(19)
= 323
1

(b) (1 3x)3

1 2

1 2
1
3 (3x) 3 3 (3x)2
= 1+
+
2!
1!

1 21 2

1 2 5
3 3
3 (3x)3
+
+
3!
5
1
= 1 x x2 x3 where |x| <
3
3
When x = 1,
8
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 9

3/1/2012 11:00:39 AM

10

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

1
3

5
=
2
2
3
1 1 5 1
=1
8 8
3 8
1315(2)
5=
1536
1315 1.17
=
=
768
[2 decimal places]
1
3

12

(1 3x) = 5
8

12

12

32 (1 + px 3x2)6
= 1 + 6 (px 3x2) + 6 (px 3x2)2
1
2
6 (px 3x2)3
6 (px 3x2)4
+
+
+
3
4
= 1 + 6px 18x2 + 15(p2x2 6px3 + 9x4)
+ 20(p3x3 3p2x4 6p2x4) + 15(p4x4)
= 1 + 6px 18x2 + 15p2x2 90px3 + 135x4
+ 20p3x3 60p2x4 120p2x4 + 15p4x4
18 + 15p2 = 42 90p + 20p3 = 20
15p2 = 60
p = 2
p2 = 4
p = 2
Therefore, p = 2
Coefficient of x4 = 135 180p2 + 15p4
= 135 720 + 15(16)
= 345

2
2

2
2

33 (1 x)10 = 1 10x + 45x2 +

(1 + 2x2)3 = 1 + 6x2 +
(1 + ax)5 = 1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 +
(1 + bx2)4 = 1 + 4bx2 +
(1 x)10 (1 + 2x2)3 (1 + ax)5 (1 + bx2)4
= (1 10x + 45x2 + )(1 + 6x2 + )
(1 + 5ax + 10a2x2 + )(1 + 4bx2 + )
= 1 + 6x2 10x + 45x2 1 4bx2 5ax
10a2x2 +
10 5a = 0
6 + 45 4b 10a2 = 0
a = 2
6 + 45 4b 40 = 0
b = 11
4
5
3
1
1
34 (a) x +
x
x
x
1
1
1
= x5 + 5(x)4
+ 10x3 2 + 10x2 3
x
x
x
1
1
1
+ 5x 4 + 5 x3 + 3(x)2
x
x
x
2
3
1
1
+ 3x
+
x
x

21

2
12

1 2

1 2 43
1 2 1 24

1 2

1 2

1
1x

= x5 + 5x3 + 10x +

10 5
1
+ 3 + 5
x
x
x

3 1

x x3
To obtain x4 term,
3
= + x5
+ 5x3(3x) + 10x(x3) +
x
= 3x 4 15x 4 + 10x 4 = 2x 4
The coefficient of x 4 term is 2.
1
5 3x
(b) (1 + x)5 +
5 + 2x
1 4
1
5
= 1 + (x) + 5 5 (x)2
1!
2!
1 4 9
5 5
5 (x)3
+
+
3!
(5 + 3x)(5 + 2x)1
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
2 1
(5 + 3x)(5)1 1 + x
5
1
2
6 3
x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
1
1 2
(5 + 3x)
1+
x
5
1! 5
1(2) 2 2 1(2)(3) 2 3
x +
x
+
2! 5
3!
5
1
2
6 3 1
x (5 + 3x)
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
2
4
8 3
1 x + x2
x
5
25
125
1
2
6 3 1
x
5 2x
= 1 + x x2 +
5
25
125
5
4
8
6
12
+ x2 x3 + 3x x2 + x3
5
25
5
25
1
2 2
6 3
1
2
x 1 x + x2
= 1 + x x +
5
25
125
5
25
4 3 2 3
2

x =
x where |x| <  [Shown]
125
125
5
2
Hence, p =
125
By using x = 0.02,
253
1
5
(1.02) 50
252
50
2
3
=
(0.02)
125
= 1.28 107
[Shown]
3

3x +

12

1 2

1 21 2

1 23
1 2

1 2

1 24

1 2
1 2

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 10

3/1/2012 11:00:40 AM

Fully Worked Solution

35 (1 + ax + bx2)7
= [(1 + ax) + (bx2)]7
= 7Cr (1 + ax)7 r (bx2)r
x term:
= 7C0(1 + ax)7
= 7C0[7C1 (ax)]
= 7ax
x2 term:
= 7C0(1 + ax)7 + 7C1(1 + ax)6 (bx2)
= 7C0[7C2(ax)2] + 7C1[6C0(ax)0 (bx2)]
= 21a2x2 + 7bx2
= (21a2 + 7b)x2
7a = 1
21a2 + 7b = 0
1
12
a=
21
+ 7b = 0
7
7
3
7b =
7
3
b=
49
Let (1 + ax + bx2)7 = 1 + x
1
1
3
(1 + x)7 = 1 + x x2 + where |x| < 1
7
49
By using x = 0.014,
1
3
7
1.014 = 1 + (0.014) (0.014)2
7
49
= 1.001988 [6 decimal places]

12

2
36 (1 + x)
1 2x
= (1 + x)7 (1 2x)1
1
= [1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ] 1 + (2x)
1!
1(2)
1(2)(3)
(2x)2 +
(2x)3 +
+
2!
3!
= (1 + 7x + 21x2 + 35x3 + ) (1 + 2x + 4x2
+ 8x3 + )
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 7x + 14x2 + 28x3
+ 21x2 + 42x3 + 35x3 +
1
= 1 + 9x + 39x2 + 113x3 + where |x| <
2
[Shown]
Using x = 0.01,
(0.99)7

= 1 + 9(0.01) + 39(0.01)2
(1.02)
+ 113(0.01)3 +
= 0.914 [3 decimal places]

1 2

1 1
1
2
= 1 + (x) + 2 2 (x)2
1!
2!

1 21 2

1 1 3
2 2
2 (x)3
+
3!
1 1 3 5
2 2
2
2 (x)4
+
+
4!
x x2 x3
5 4 
= 1 +

x +
(1)
+
2 8 16 128
1(6 + x) (2 + x)1
4
1
6 x
x
= + 21 1 +
4
2
6+x 1
1 x
1(2) x 2
=
1+ +

4
2
1! 2
2! 2
1(2)(3) x 3 1(2)(3)(4) x 4

+
+
3!
2
4!
2
6+x 1
x x2 x3 x 4
=
1 +

+
8 16
4
2
2 4
6 x 1 x x2 x3 x 4
= + +

+
+
4
2 4 8 16 32
x x2 x3 x 4
= 1 +

(2)
+
2 8 16 32
To obtain the error,
x x2 x3
5 4
(1) (2), 1 +

x
+
2 8 16 128
x x2 x3 x4
1 +

+
2 8 16 32
5 4 x4
=
x +
32
128
x4
=
128
x4
The error is approximately
. [Shown]
128

1 21 21 2

4
12

12

12

1 24
2

1
1

38 (a)

[(1 + ax) + x2]3

x 4 term:
= 3Cr(1 + ax)3 r(x2)r
= 3C1[(2C2(ax)2]x2 + 3C2[(1)(x2)2]
= 3a2x4 + 3x4
(1)
= (3a2 + 3)x4

(1 bx2) 2
x 4 term:
1 3
2 2 (bx2)2
=
2!
3b2x 4
=
8

37 1 + x 1
= (1 + x)2

11

1 2

(2)

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 11

3/1/2012 11:00:40 AM

12

ACE AHEAD Mathematics (T) First Term

(1) = (2),

3a2 + 3 = 3b2
8
b2 = 8(a2 + 1)
1
(b)
(x + 2)2(2x + 1)
A
B
C

+
+
(x + 2) (x + 2)2 2x + 1
l A(x + 2)(2x + 1) + B(2x + 1)
+ C(x + 2)2
1
Let x = 2,
Let x = ,
2
9
1 = B(3)
1=C
4
1
4
B=
C=
3
9
Let x = 0,
1
4

l = A(2)(1) (1) + (4)
3
9
2
A =
9
1

(x + 2)2(2x + 1)
2
1
4
=

2 +
9(x + 2) 3(x + 2) 9(2x + 1)
2
1
4
= (x + 2)1 (x + 2)2 + (1 + 2x)1
9
3
9
1
2
2 1
x
1 1
x
=
1+

1+
9 2
2
3 4
2
4
1
1(2)
2
(2x)
+ 1 + (2x) +
9
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
3
(2x) +
+
3!
2
1
1 x
1(2) x
= 1 +

+
9
1! 2
2! 2
3
x
1(2)(3)

+
+
2
3!
2
1
2 x
2(3) x

1+
+
12
1! 2
2! 2

1 x x2 x3 1
x

+
+
+
9 18 36 72 12 12
x2 x3 4 8
16
32

+
+ x + x2 x3
16 24 9 9
9
9
1 3
27
7
= x + x2 x3
4 4
16
2
1
+ kx3
(3x + 2)2
= (3x + 2)2 + kx3

12

1 21
3
3

1 21

4
12
4
12

12
12
12

12

2(3)(4) x
+
2
3!
4
+ (1 2x + 4x2 8x3)
9
1
x x2 x3
= 1 +
9
2 4 8
1
3
x3
1 x + x2
2
12
4
4
2
+ (1 2x + 4x 8x3)
9
+

3
= 22 1 + x + kx3
2
1
2 3
2(3) 3
x +
x
= 1+
4
1! 2
2! 2

1 2

1 2

1 24

2(3)(4) 3
x + kx3
2
3!
1
27
27
= 1 3x + x2 x3 + kx3
4
4
2
1 3
27 2 27 3
= x + x x + kx3
4 4
16
8
1 3
27 2
27 3
x
= x+ x + k
4 4
16
8
The expression can be written as
1
+ kx3 and k is independent of x.
(3x + 2)2
[Shown]
Comparing coefficients:
7
27
=k
2
8
1
k=
8
+

1
1 + 3x 1 + x

1 + 3x + 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
1 + 3x 1 + x
=
1 + 3x (1 + x)
1
[Shown]
= 1 1 + 3x 1 + x
2x
1
1
1

(1 + 3x)2 (1 + x)2
2x
1 1
1
1
2
=
1 + (3x) + 2 2 (3x)2
2x
1!
2!
39 y =

53

1 2

1 21 2

43

1 1 3
1
2 2 2 (3x)3 1 2 (x)
+
+
3!
1!

1 2

1 21 2

46

1 1
1 1 3
2 2 (x)2 2 2 2 (x)3
+
+
2!
3!

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 12

3/1/2012 11:00:41 AM

Fully Worked Solution

31

2 1

1
3
9
27
x
1 + x x2 + x3 1 +
2x
2
8
16
2

x2 x3
+
8 16

24

Using x =
y =
=

1
,
100

1
1 + 3x + 1 + x
1

103
101
+
100
100

1 2

1
10
1
13 1
100
=
=
+
16 100
2
103 + 101 2
=

1
Let x = ,
2
5 5
= (A)
4 4
A=1
Let x = 0,
3 = 1(1 + 0) + (B + 0)(1)
B=2
Let x = 1,
1 = 1(2) + (2 + C)(1)
C+2=1
C = 1
1
1(2)
2
(b) (1 2x)1 = 1 + (2x) +
(2x)
1!
2!
1(2)(3)
3
(2x)
+
3!
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3
1
(1 + x2)1 = 1 + (x2) +
1!
= 1 x2
(c) (3 5x + 3x2)(1 2x)1(1 + x2)1
1
2x
=
+
1 2x 1 + x2
= 1(1 2x)1 + (2 x)(1 + x2)1
= 1(1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3) + (2 x)(1 x2)
= 1 + 2x + 4x2 + 8x3 + 2 2x2 x + x3
= 3 + x + 2x2 + 9x3 a = 1, b = 2, c = 9

1
13
x x2 + x3
2x
8
1 x 13
= + x2
2 2 16
=

13

79 213

160 000

40 (a) 3 5x + 3x2
A(1 + x2) + (B + Cx)(1 2x)

1 2

[Shown]

Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2012

Chap-2.indd 13

3/1/2012 11:00:42 AM

Chap-2.indd 14

3/1/2012 11:00:42 AM