B.

Sc (Physics)
Theory Paper III
Electricity
Gausss Law: The total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed
divided by the permittivity.
Permittivity: The permittivity of a medium describes how much electric field (more correctly,
flux) is 'generated' per unit charge in that medium
oulom!"s law: Coulomb's law can be used to derive auss's law, and vice versa. The
magnitude of the electrostatic force of interaction between two point charges is directly
proportional to the scalar multiplication of the magnitudes of charges and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them.
#ielectric: ! dielectric material (dielectric for short) is an electrical insulator that can
be polari"ed by an applied electric field. #hile the term insulator implies low electrical
conduction, dielectric typically means materials with a high polari"ability. The latter is expressed
by a number called the relative permittivity (also $nown in older texts as dielectric constant). The
term insulator is generally used to indicate electrical obstruction while the term dielectric is used
to indicate the energy storing capacity of the material (by means of polari"ation). ! common
example of a dielectric is the electrically insulating material between the metallic plates of
a capacitor. The polari"ation of the dielectric by the applied electric field increases the
capacitor's surface charge for the given electric field strength.
Electric Suscepti!ility: The electric susceptibility %
e
of a dielectric material is a measure of how
easily it polari"es in response to an electric field. This, in turn, determines the
electric permittivity of the material and thus influences many other phenomena in that medium,
from the capacitance of capacitors to the speed of light.
apacita$ce: Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. !ny ob&ect that
can be electrically charged exhibits capacitance. ! common form of energy storage device is a
parallel'plate capacitor.
%hms Law: (hm's law states that the current through a conductor between two points is
directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points.
&esista$ce )The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is the opposition to the passage of
an electric current through that conductor.
Electrical resistivity :*lectrical resistivity (also $nown as resistivity, specific electrical
resistance, or volume resistivity) quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow
of electric current.
'a(well"s e)uatio$s :+axwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that,
together with the ,orent" force law, form the foundation of classical electrodynamics,
classical optics, and electric circuits.