11/06/1432

- - :

. :

()1

- AASHTO-LRFD -

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:(Classification of Bridges)
.. ,,,,
, ,
, ,
, , , ,

(Material(
(Usage)
(Span(

Structural Form

Golden Gate Bridge, USA

Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland

Sunshine skyway Bridge, USA

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Distinctive Features of Girder Bridges

.
.
.

GIRDER BRIDGE

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Distinctive Features of Arch Bridge

.
.

.

.
.

ARCH BRIDGE

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Distinctive Features of Truss Bridge

.
.
.

Truss Bridge

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Distinctive Features of Cable-stayed Bridge

.
.
.
.
100-450m

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Distinctive Features of Suspension Bridge

.
.

.
,

Suspension Bridge

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(up to 15m)

)Small Span Bridges(

(up to 50m)

)Medium Span Bridges(

(50-150m)

(over 150m)

(Large Span Bridges)

)Extra Large ( Long ) Span Bridges)

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10

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11

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12

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13

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AASHTO LRDF
)(IM=33%

)(IM=33%

)(IM=0%

)(IM=33%

)(IM=15%

14

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1.8m
:
25% Truck or Tandem
5% Truck or Tandem 5% Lane

, ( (C
1.8m , ( )C :

:v )(m/sec2
:G )(m/sec2
:R )(m

Live-Load Lateral Distribution Factor

15

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16

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17

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(:)1

.

18

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(:)2
:

()2

FATIGUE

19

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.

( .) .

.

.
( Silver Bridge over the
)Ohio River , ()213 m
December 15, 1967
( Mianus River in
)Greenwich June 28, 1983

Silver Bridge
Collapse

Mianus River
Bridge
Failure

20

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- -


d

r ,
=0
( )a ( , )r
(:)K

:
: Y
: W , :

( (J
.
) (K,J .

21

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( , )K :

( ) (Q ) (b )

( )K:

:
K>>DKth

( )A,m , .
( )ai,af .

22

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the term within the integral is a constant

AASHTO
( )m=3 ( )M ( (A

((Broek
.
,
.
.
.
.

23

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-1 .
..
-2 .

.
-3 .
.

24

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.
.

:
.
.

) (Palmgren :

:

( : )ni i
( : )Ni i

25

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AASHTO
, :

:
:f

:(F)n
: )(0.75

26

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ADTTSL
ADTTSL = p x ADTT
:ADTT

:ADTTSL

:p :
If only one lane is available to trucks , p = 1
;if two lanes are available then ,p = 0.85
if three or more lanes are available, then p = 0.80.

:
:
) :(n .
):(365 ,

)constant (n

):(75

)constant (A

27

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: (F)TH ( - ).

( )A to E

28

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( )
AASHTO LRFD

()3

29

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(1)
)42.7m( ,
, ,)2.440 c\c(
: ,
.
. -1
.)flange plate splice( -2
) 1:2.5 (
.)Transverse Stiffeners( -3
Concrete slab: fc ' = 20.7 MPa , modular ratio Es Ec = 10 :
Reinforced concrete slab, 203 mm thick, plus a 12 mm thick integral wearing
surface
Welded plate girder, ASTM A588 steel, Fy = 345 MPa

. ,

Plate Girder
Details and
Stress Range
Diagrams

30

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)(2
, 8m
( )I .
( ,)350x22mm ( ,)306x14mm

(mm4

)448xE6

( , (300KN
80% .
-1
, 10 , ,
40
.
-2
,350 KN
( ).

)(3

31

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)(4
,
.
t = 12 mm, L = 15 mm, = 0.004 mm.

32