G.R. No.

82310 June 18, 1990

FEAGLE CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, petitione,
!".
GA#INO GA$%A, ELPI%IO AGPALA$A, &IGUELITO 'ATOON, ELIGIO CUENCO,
CLARO CUNANAN, SANTIAGO CURA&ENG, &ANUEL %ACO, E%UAR%O
%EPONE, RA$&UN%O ER#ERA, JOSE ESTA'ILLO, ROGELIO FIGUEROA,
ARTE&IO (ULINGNGA, JORGE ITING, E&ILIANO NACA&, ALE)AN%ER
&APUTOL, A#ELINO &EN%O*A, ROGELIO NOO, ROLAN%O PATINIO,
#ITALIANO PENA, ROLL$ PERALES, %O&INA%OR STA. CATALINA, ARSENIO
SANTOS, FELIPE TESA%O +n, NATIONAL LA'OR RELATIONS CO&&ISSION,
e"pon,ent".
G.R. No. 87998 June 18, 1990
FEAGLE CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION, petitioner,
!.
JOSEP" ORPILIA AN# NATIONAL LA$OR RELATIONS CO%%ISSION,
re!pon&ent!.
Jacinto D. Jimenez for petitioner.
Millora, Nario, Canto & Pontejos for private respondents.
GANCA'CO, J.:
T(e !in)u*+r i!!ue in t(i! ,+!e i! -(et(er or not petitioner .+/ 0e (e*& !o*i&+ri*/ *i+0*e
-it( t(e 1orei)n e.p*o/er 1or +n/ unp+i& ,*+i.! o1 pri+te re!pon&ent! +)+in!t t(eir
1orei)n prin,ip+* e.p*o/er 1or +n/ unp+i& ,*+i.! o1 pri+te re!pon&ent! +)+in!t t(eir
1orei)n prin,ip+* e.p*o/er een +! t(e/ (+e + !tipu*+tion to t(i! e11e,t.
T(i! petition 2G.R. No. 834105 -+! preiou!*/ &i!.i!!e& on %+r,( 34, 1988 1or 1+i*ure
o1 Petitioner to !u11i,ient*/ to !(o- t(+t t(e re!pon&ent Co..i!!ion (+& ,o..itte& +
)r+e +0u!e o1 &i!,retion in ren&erin) it! 6ue!tione& 7u&).ent.
1
An +.en&e& petition
-+! 1i*e& on Apri* 8, 1988.
3
T(e +.en&e& petition -+! )ien &ue ,our!e on Ju*/ 8,
1988.
4
Petitioner 6ue!tion! t(e &e,i!ion o1 t(e Fir!t #ii!ion o1 pu0*i, re!pon&ent N+tion+*
L+0or Re*+tion! Co..i!!ion
8
&+te& J+nu+r/ 39, 1988 in POEA C+!e No. L98:9109
971, -(i,( .o&i1ie& t(e &e,i!ion &+te& Ju*/ 30, 1987, o1 Co..i!!ioner To.+! #.
A,(+,o!o o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent A&.ini!tr+tion &+te& Ju*/ 30,
1987, e;,*u&in) petitioner<! o11i,i+*! F*orentino A)ui*+ +n& Rene A)ui*+ 1ro. *i+0i*it/,
0ut +11ir.in) t(e *i+0i*it/ o1 t(e petitioner to pri+te re!pon&ent! on t(e )roun& t(+t
petitioner i! !o*i&+ri*/ *i+0*e to)et(er -it( t(e pri+te re!pon&ent!< 1orei)n e.p*o/er9
A*)o!+i0i9$i!on Lt&., #+..+., S+u&i Ar+0i+.
=
T(e .o&i1ie& &e,i!ion o1 +&.ini!tr+tor A,(+,o!o (+! t(e 1o**o-in) &i!po!itie portion.
>"EREFORE, pre.i!e! ,on!i&ere&, re!pon&ent! Fe+)*e
Con!tru,tion Corpor+tion, F*orentino A)ui*+ +n& Rene A)ui*+ +n&
it! 2!i,5 1orei)n prin,ip+* A*)o!+i0i $i!on, Lt&., #+..+., S+u&i
Ar+0i+ +re (ere0/ (e*& 7oint*/ +n& !eer+**/ *i+0*e to p+/ (erein
,o.p*+in+nt! -it(in ten 2105 &+/! 1ro. re,eipt o1 t(i! Or&er, t(e
pe!o e6ui+*ent +t t(e ti.e o1 +,tu+* p+/.ent o1 t(e !u. +ppe+rin)
oppo!ite ,o.p*+in+nt!< n+.e! repre!entin) t(eir tot+* ,*+i. 1or
unp+i& !+*+rie!?-+)e!, re.itt+n,e! +n& ot(er 0ene1it!, to -it@
1
. E*pi&io
A)p+*A+
S.R.
19,38=.00
3. %i)ue*
$+toon
9,844.00
4. E*i)io
Cuen,o
18,01=.00
8. C*+ro
Cun+n+n
1:,809.00
=. S+nti+)o
Cur+.en
)
14,0:=.00
:. %+nue*
#+,o
9,0:3.00
7. E&u+r&o
#epone
38,048.00
8. R+/.un&
o Erer+
1=,34=.00
9. Jo!e
E!t+0i**o
9,4=8.00
10
.
Ro)e*io
Fi)uero+
19,==8.00
11
.
G+ino
G+/&+
18,977.00
13
.
Arte.io
"u*in)n)+
8,=81.00
14
.
Jor)e
Itin)
18,84:.00
18 Er6i*i+no 14,84:.00
. %+,+.
1=
.
A*e;+n&er
%+puto*
1:,498.00
1:
.
Ae*ino
%en&oA+
8,138.00
17
.
Ro)e*io
Noo
18,940.00
18
.
Ro*+n&o
P+tinio
18,=98.00
19
.
Biti*i+no
Pen+
1:,187.00
30
.
Ro**/
Per+*e!
10,714.00
31
.
#o.in+&o
r St+.
C+t+*in+
13,7:7.00
33
.
Ar!enio L.
S+nto!
17,708.00
34
.
Fe*ipe
Te!+&o
18,34:.00
TOTAL S.R.
483,=01.0
0
>e t+Ce note t(+t ,o.p*+in+nt! (+e 0een p+i& o1 2!i,5 t(eir p*+ne
1+re 0on&! +! ei&en,e& 0/ ,(e,C ou,(er! &u*/ !i)ne& 0/
in&ii&u+* ,o.p*+in+nt!, (en,e, !u,( ,*+i. i! ,on!i&ere& !ett*e&
+n&?or 1u**/ p+i&.
Re!pon&ent +re 1urt(er or&ere& to p+/ +ttorne/! 1ee! e6ui+*ent to
1ie per,ent 2=D5 o1 t(e tot+* +.ount o1 t(e ,*+i.!.
A** ot(er ,*+i.! +re (ere0/ &i!.i!!e& 1or *+,C o1 .erit.
No pronoun,e.ent +! to ,o!t.
:

A te.por+r/ re!tr+inin) or&er -+! i!!ue& 0/ t(i! Court on Septe.0er 13, 1988 +n&
t(e petitioner 1i*e& t(e re6uire& 0on& in t(e +.ount o1 P=0,000.00.
7
T(e 1o**o-in)
+nte,e&ent pertinent 1+,t! +re not &i!pute&@
1. Pri+te re!pon&ent! (+e 0een e.p*o/e& -it( A*)o!+i0i9$i!on,
Lt&. in S+u&i Ar+0i+ 1or t(ree to 1ie /e+r! -orCin) on ,on!tru,tion
pro7e,t! 1or t(e Ein)&o. o1 S+u&i Ar+0i+.
3. So.eti.e in 1984, A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. !t+rte& en,ounterin)
1in+n,i+* &i11i,u*tie! 0e,+u!e o1 t(e &rop in t(e pri,e o1 oi*. $e,+u!e
o1 t(e &rop in t(e pri,e o1 oi*, t(e in,o.e o1 t(e Ein)&o. o1 S+u&i
Ar+0i+ p*un)e& 1ro. +0out one (un&re& 0i**ion &o**+r! + /e+r to
ei)(teen 0i**ion &o**+r! + /e+r. A! + re!u*t, t(e Ein)&o. o1 S+u&i
Ar+0i+ en,ountere& 1in+n,i+* &i11i,u*tie! in p+/in) A*)o!+i0i9$i!on,
Lt&. 1or it! ,on!tru,tion pro7e,t!.
4. St+rtin) in 1984, t(e re.itt+n,e o1 t(e +**ot.ent! o1 t(e
0ene1i,i+rie! o1 Fi*ipino -orCer! e.p*o/e& -it( A*)o!+i0i9$i!on,
Lt&. -+! &e*+/e&. A*t(ou)( +** t(e +**ot.ent! 1or 1984 +n& 1988
-ere eentu+**/ p+i&, +** t(e!e p+/.ent! -ere &e*+/e&.
8. #urin) +** t(e!e /e+r! petitioner neer ,(+r)e& Fi*ipino -orCer!
*iCe pri+te re!pon&ent! + !in)*e ,ent+o 1or !en&in) t(e. to -orC
1or A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. Petitioner +&+n,e& +** .o0i*iA+tion
e;pen!e! out o1 it! 1un&!.
=. $e,+u!e o1 it! 1in+n,i+* &i11i,u*tie!, A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. ,ou*&
not een rei.0ur!e petitioner 1or t(e .o0i*iA+tion e;pen!e!
petitioner +&+n,e&, !u,( +! p+!!port 1ee!, .e&i,+* 1ee!, +n& i!+
+pp*i,+tion 1ee!. Petitioner in!i!te& t(+t A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. !(ou*&
)ie top priorit/ to t(e p+/.ent o1 t(e -+)e! +n& t(e +**ot.ent! o1
t(e Fi*ipino -orCer! e.p*o/e& -it( it.
:. $e,+u!e o1 t(i! &ee*op.ent, petitioner &e,i&e& to !top !en&in)
0+,C Fi*ipino -orCer! to -orC -it( A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. >orCer!
+re )ien + one9.ont( +,+tion +1ter + /e+r -it( re9entr/ i!+.
7. So.eti.e in Ju*/, 1988, t(e Fi*ipino -orCer! e.p*o/e& -it(
A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. -(o (+& returne& to %+ni*+, in,*u&in) pri+te
re!pon&ent!, re6ue!te& 1or + .eetin) -it( t(e .+n+)e.ent o1
petitioner. A0out 1ort/ 2805 Fi*ipino -orCer! +tten&e& t(e .eetin).
#urin) t(e .eetin), t(e -orCer! re6ue!te& petitioner to return t(e.
to t(eir 7o0 !ite in S+u&i Ar+0i+. %r. F*orentino $. A)ui*+, t(e
pre!i&ent o1 petitioner, in1or.e& t(e -orCer! t(+t petitioner &i& not
-+nt to !en& 0+,C +n/ -orCer! to S+u&i Ar+0i+ 0e,+u!e o1 t(e 0i)
ri!C &ue to t(e 1in+n,i+* &i11i,u*tie! o1 A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&.
8. "o-eer, t(e -orCer! p*e+&e& -it( %r. F*orentino $. A)ui*+ to
!en& t(e. 0+,C to S+u&i Ar+0i+. T(e/ e;p*+ine& t(+t t(e/ -ere
7o0*e!! in t(e P(i*ippine!, 0e,+u!e o1 t(e &epre!!e& e,ono.i,
,on&ition o1 t(e ,ountr/. R+t(er t(+n re.+in 7o0*e!!, t(e/ -ou*&
r+t(er to t+Ce + ,(+n,e in S+u&i Ar+0i+. T(e/ +!!ure& petitioner
t(+t t(e/ -ere -i**in) to +!!u.e t(e ri!C in ,+!e t(e re.itt+n,e o1
t(eir !+*+rie! -ou*& 0e &e*+/e&. T(e/ e.p(+!iAe& t(+t t(e/ -ere
-i**in) to !i)n + -ritten !t+te.ent in&i,+tin) t(+t t(e/ -ou*& not
(o*& petitioner *i+0*e 1or +n/ &e*+/ or non9p+/.ent o1 t(eir !+*+rie!
+n& +n/ +.ount! &ue t(e. 1ro. A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. In
+,,or&+n,e -it( t(eir ,o..it.ent, t(e !+i& -orCer!, in,*u&in)
pri+te re!pon&ent!, !i)ne& + St+te.ent .... %oreoer, t(e -orCer!
!t+te& t(e/ -ou*& !eeC t(e (e*p o1 S+u&i *+0or +ut(oritie!
in&ii&u+**/ in t(e eent t(e/ -ou*& not 0e p+i&.
9. It -+! un&er t(e 1ore)oin) ,ir,u.!t+n,e! t(+t petitioner
re*u,t+nt*/ +)ree& to !en& 0+,C pri+te re!pon&ent! to S+u&i
Ar+0i+ to (e*p t(e. in t(eir &ire 1in+n,i+* nee& i1 t(e/ -ou*& !i)n t(e
+1ore.entione& <St+te.ent< ... 0e1ore t(e/ *e+e 1or S+u&i
Ar+0i+. ...
10. >(i*e t(e Fi*ipino -orCer! -ere in S+u&i Ar+0i+, t(e/ re,eie&
t(eir !+*+rie! &ire,t*/ 1ro. A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&.
11. >(en A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. -ent into 0+nCrupt,/ in 198:, +** t(e
Fi*ipino -orCer! in it! e.p*o/, in,*u&in) pri+te re!pon&ent! &e+*t
-it( t(e *i6ui&+tor &ire,t*/ +n& in t(eir in&ii&u+* ,+p+,itie!. T(e/
1i*e& t(eir ,*+i.! -it( t(e *i6ui&+tor, +n& t(e *i6ui&+tor i!!ue& to
e+,( o1 t(e. + ,erti1i,+te !t+tin) t(e +.ount p+/+0*e to e+,( o1
t(e. +! !oon +! 1un&! +re ++i*+0*e. T(e !+i& Fi*ipino -orCer!,
in,*u&in) pri+te re!pon&ent!, +)ree& t(+t t(e *i6ui&+tor -ou*& p+/
t(e. &ire,t*/ +n& in&ii&u+**/ t(rou)( t(eir 0+nC +,,ount! in t(e
P(i*ippine!. ...
13. Ju!t t(e !+.e, to +!!i!t t(e -orCer!, petitioner (+! -ritten t(e
*i6ui&+tor to 1o**o- up t(e ,*+i.! o1 t(e Fi*ipino -orCer!, +n& t(e
*i6ui&+tor (+! rep*ie& to it. T(e rep*/ o1 t(e *i6ui&+tor ,on1ir.e& t(e
in&ii&u+* +)ree.ent o1 t(e !+i& -orCer!, in,*u&in) pri+te
re!pon&ent!, t(+t t(e/ -ou*& 0e p+i& 0/ t(e *i6ui&+tor &ire,t*/ +n&
in&ii&u+**/. T(u!, petitioner (+! not(in) to &o -it( t(e re.itt+n,e
o1 t(e p+/.ent! &ue pri+te re!pon&ent!. In 1+,t, t(e *i6ui&+tor
een re1u!e& to 1urni!( t(e petitioner + *i!t o1 t(eir in&ii&u+* ,*+i.!
+n& ,orre!pon&in) +.ount! &ue e+,( o1 t(e.. T(e *i6ui&+tor
,on!i&ere& t(e!e in1or.+tion ,on1i&enti+* +n& pri/ to !+i& -orCer!.
...
14. Un&er t(e *+- o1 S+u&i Ar+0i+, t(e ,*+i.! o1 t(e Fi*ipino
-orCer! o1 A*)o!+i0i9 $i!on, Lt&. (+! 1ir!t priorit/ 1or p+/.ent in t(e
0+nCrupt,/ pro,ee&in). Arti,*e 1= o1 t(e L+0or L+- o1 S+u&i Ar+0i+
proi&e!@
T(e +.ount! to -(i,( t(e -orC.+n or (i!
&epen&ent! +re entit*e& un&er t(e proi!ion! o1
t(i! L+- !(+** 0e ,on!i&ere& 1ir!t ,*+!! prii*e)e&
&e0t!, +n& 1or t(e re,oer/ t(ereo1 t(e -orC.+n
or (i! (eir! !(+** (+e + priorit/ ri)(t! oer +** t(e
e.p*o/er<! propert/.<
18. On O,to0er 4, 198:, pri+te re!pon&ent! 1i*e& -it( t(e
P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent A&.ini!tr+tion + Co.p*+int
+)+in!t petitioner 1or t(e p+/.ent o1 t(eir ,*+i.! -it( t(e *i6ui&+tor
o1 A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&.
1=. On #e,e.0er 3, 198:, petitioner 1i*e& it! An!-er. In it! An!-er,
it pointe& out t(+t it -+! neer 1urni!(e& -it( + ,op/ o1 +n/
Co.p*+int 1ro. pri+te re!pon&ent Arte.io "u*in)n)+.
1:. On Ju*/ 30, 1987, t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent
A&.ini!tr+tion ren&ere& + #e,i!ion in 1+or o1 pri+te re!pon&ent!,
in,*u&in) re!pon&ent Arte.io "u*in)n)+, +*t(ou)( petitioner -+!
neer 1urni!(e& -it( + ,op/ o1 (i! Co.p*+int.
17. On Au)u!t 7, 1987, petitioner +ppe+*e& to re!pon&ent N+tion+*
L+0or Re*+tion! Co..i!!ion 2(erein+1ter re1erre& to +! re!pon&ent
Co..i!!ion5.
18. On J+nu+r/ 39, 1988, re!pon&ent Co..i!!ion ren&ere& +
#e,i!ion +11ir.in) t(e #e,i!ion o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+!
E.p*o/.ent A&.ini!tr+tion -it( t(e .o&i1i,+tion t(+t t(e <pre!i&ent<
+n& t(e <i,e pre!i&ent 1or +&.ini!tr+tion +n& 1in+n,e< o1 petitioner
-ere e;e.pte& 1ro. *i+0i*it/ 1or t(e ,*+i.! o1 pri+te
re!pon&ent!. ...
18. On Fe0ru+r/ 11, 1988, petitioner 1i*e& + %otion 1or
Re,on!i&er+tion. ...
19. On Fe0ru+r/ 39, 1988, re!pon&ent Co..i!!ion i!!ue& +
Re!o*ution &en/in) t(e %otion 1or Re,on!i&er+tion. ...
30. On %+r,( 8, 1988, 0e1ore re,eipt o1 t(e +1ore.entione&
Re!o*ution o1 re!pon&ent Co..i!!ion, petitioner 1i*e& +
Supp*e.ent+* %otion 1or Re,on!i&er+tion. ... Petitioner re,eie& t(e
!+i& Re!o*ution o1 re!pon&ent Co..i!!ion on*/ +1ter petitioner (+&
1i*e& it! Supp*e.ent+* %otion 1or Re,on!i&er+tion.F
8
T(e petition i! i.pre!!e& -it( .erit.
>e +)ree -it( Pu0*i, Re!pon&ent! t(+t t(e )ener+* ru*e +! proi&e& 1or in Se,tion 1,
Ru*e II o1 t(e ru*e! +n& re)u*+tion! o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent
A&.ini!tr+tion i! t(+t eer/ *i,en!e& pri+te re,ruit.ent +)en,/ shall be jointly and
solidarity liable ith the employer 1or +** ,*+i.! +n& *i+0i*itie! -(i,( .+/ +ri!e in
,onne,tion -it( t(e i.p*e.ent+tion o1 t(e ,ontr+,t o1 e.p*o/.ent.
In t(i! ,+!e, (o-eer, >e 1in& it ne,e!!+r/ to &ei+te 1ro. t(e )ener+* ru*e. Fir!t,
0e,+u!e o1 ,(+n)e& ,ir,u.!t+n,e!, +n& !e,on&, 0e,+u!e o1 in&ii&u+* +)ree.ent!
0et-een petitioner +n& pri+te re!pon&ent! -(i,( ,+nnot 0e ,on!i&ere& oi&
0e,+u!e t(e !+.e ,+nnot 0e ,on!i&ere& ,ontr+r/ to *+-.
It i! t(e un,ontr+&i,te& ,ontention o1 petitioner t(+t 14 o1 pri+te re!pon&ent! 1i*e&
t(eir ,*+i.! 1or !+*+rie! &ue in J+nu+r/, Fe0ru+r/ +n& %+r,( o1 198:, hen their
contracts of employment e!pired in 198=.
9

It i! +*!o ,*e+r t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent! e;e,ute& ne- +n& &i11erent ,ontr+,t! o1
e.p*o/.ent &ire,t*/ -it( A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. -it(out t(e p+rti,ip+tion +n& ,on!ent o1
t(e petitioner. T(e 1or.er ,ontr+,t! -it( t(e petitioner e;pire& +n& pri+te
re!pon&ent! entere& into ne- ,ontr+,t! o1 e.p*o/.ent -it( t(e A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&.,
-it(out t(e p+rti,ip+tion o1 petitioner.
T(e ,*+i.! o1 pri+te re!pon&ent! -ere .+&e &ire,t*/ -it( t(e *i6ui&+tor o1 A*)o!+i0i9
$i!on, Lt&. +n& t(e/ +)ree& to -+it 1or t(e pro.i!e& p+/.ent. A)+in t(e petitioner
(+& not(in) to &o -it( t(o!e ,*+i.!.
>e !i.p*/ ,+nnot i)nore t(+t petitioner -+! re*u,t+nt to !en& t(e pri+te re!pon&ent!
0+,C to S+u&i Ar+0i+ 0e,+u!e +! e+r*/ +! 1984, t(e A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. !t+rte&
en,ounterin) 1in+n,i+* &i11i,u*tie! 0e,+u!e o1 t(e &rop in t(e pri,e o1 oi*. Pri+te
re!pon&ent! -ere t(e one! -(o in!i!te& t(+t t(e/ 0e +**o-e& to re!u.e e.p*o/.ent.
T(e/ -ere in1or.e& o1 t(e ri!C! ino*e& re*+tin) to t(e 1in+n,i+* reer!e! o1 t(e
e.p*o/er. T(e/ in!i!te& to return to S+u&i Ar+0i+ +n& t(e/ +)ree& to !i)n in&ii&u+*
!t+te.ent!, -(i,( t(e/ &i&, to t(e e11e,t that each one of them did not hold petitioner
responsible for delay or non"payment of their salaries and any amo#nts d#e them
from $l%osaibi"&ison, 'td.
T(e!e in&ii&u+* !t+te.ent! o*unt+r/ !i)ne& 0/ t(e pri+te re!pon&ent! to ,onin,e
t(e re*u,t+nt petitioner to !en& t(e. 0+,C to S+u&i Ar+0i+, not-it(!t+n&in) t(eir
Cno-*e&)e o1 t(e 1in+n,i+* reer!e! o1 t(i! e.p*o/er, +re e*o6uent in&ii&u+* -+ier!
o1 t(eir ri)(t! +)+in!t petitioner. T(e/ -ere in1or.e& o1 t(e ri!C ino*e& in returnin)
to +n e.p*o/er in !eriou! 1in+n,i+* &i!tre!!. T(e/ in!i!te& on returnin) to -orC, een
per!u+&in) petitioner to +**o- t(e. to &o !o, 0/ -+iin) t(e po!!i0*e *i+0i*it/ o1
petitioner. Un&er t(e!e ,ir,u.!t+n,e!, -(en pri+te re!pon&ent! -ere in!i!tin) to
return to -orC &e!pite t(e -+rnin), >e ,+nnot ,on!i&er t(eir -ritten -+ier! +! to
petitioner<! re!pon!i0i*itie! oi&. T(e/ -ere not i,ti.! o1 &e,eit or &e,eption. T(e/
entere& into t(o!e -+ier! -it( open e/e! +n& ,*e+r .in&!. T(e/ -ere +-+re o1 t(e
i..inent &+n)er +n& t(e )re+t ri!C! ino*e& in t(eir rene-e& enture!.
>e +*!o ,on!i&er t(+t +! o1 re,or& in t(e p+!t, petitioner neer tooC +&+nt+)e o1
pri+te re!pon&ent!. T(e/ -ere +*-+/! tre+te& 1+ir*/ +n& in +,,or&+n,e -it( *+-.
Pri+te re!pon&ent! &i& not 6ue!tion t(e )oo& 1+it( o1 Petitioner. T(eir 1or.er
e.p*o/er A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. -ent into 0+nCrupt,/ in 198: +n& petitioner (+&
not(in) to &o -it( t(+t. Pri+te re!pon&ent! 1i*e& t(eir ,*+i.! &ire,t*/ -it( t(e
Li6ui&+tor o1 t(eir 1or.er e.p*o/er A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. T(e/ -ere )ien ,erti1i,+te!
o1 t(e +.ount! &ue t(e., to 0e )ien pre1eren,e un&er t(e *+-! o1 S+u&i Ar+0i+.
T(e/ -ere to 0e p+i& &ire,t*/, +)+in -it(out p+rti,ip+tion o1 t(e petitioner. Petitioner
-rote t(e Li6ui&+tor 7u!t to (e*p pri+te re!pon&ent!, !o t(+t t(eir ,*+i.! .+/ 0e
e;pe&ite&.
"o*&in), t(ere1ore, t(+t in ie- o1 t(e ,ir,u.!t+n,e! proen in t(i! ,+!e, +n& t(e er/
,*e+r -+ier o1 *i+0i*it/ in&ii&u+**/ !i)ne& 0/ pri+te re!pon&ent! in 1+or o1 petitioner,
t(e petitioner ,+nnot 0e (e*& 7oint*/ +n& !o*i&+rit/ *i+0*e -it( t(e e.p*o/er A*)o!+i0i9
$i!on, Lt&. 1or t(e ,*+i.! o1 pri+te re!pon&ent!. A** ot(er i!!ue! nee& no *on)er 0e
&i!,u!!e&.
>"EREFORE, t(e te.por+r/ re!tr+inin) or&er i!!ue& on Septe.0er 13, 1988, i!
.+&e per.+nent +n& t(e 0on& 1i*e& o1 P=0,000.00 0/ petitioner i! ,+n,e*e&. T(e
6ue!tione& &e,i!ion o1 t(e N+tion+* L+0or Re*+tion! Co..i!!ion &+te& J+nu+r/ 39,
1988, +n& t(e or&er &en/in) t(e .otion 1or re,on!i&er+tion o1 t(e !+.e in POEA
C+!e No. L98:9109971, +re .o&i1ie&, in t(+t petitioner +n& it! o11i,i+*! +re not
!o*i&+ri*/ *i+0*e -it( petitioner -it( t(e A*)o!+i0i9$i!on, Lt&. on t(e ,*+i.! 1i*e& 0/
pri+te re!pon&ent!. Co!t! +)+in!t pri+te re!pon&ent!.
T(i! &e,i!ion i! i..e&i+te*/ e;e,utor/.
SO OR#ERE#.
-G.R. No. .9/00 1 %e2e34e 3, 1990.5
191 SCRA 823
AN%RES E. %ITAN, Petitioner, vs. P(ILIPPINE O#ERSEAS E&PLO$&ENT
A%&INISTRATION A%&INISTRATOR, NATIONAL LA'OR RELATIONS
CO&&ISSION, ASIA6ORL% RECRUIT&ENT, INC., AN%7OR INTRACO SALES
CORPORATION, Respondents.

% E C I S I O N
CRU*, J.:
T(e petitioner (+& t(e r+re e;perien,e o1 0ein) t+Cen (o!t+)e in 1988, +*on) -it( +
nu.0er o1 (i! ,o9-orCer!, 0/ t(e re0e*! in An)o*+. "i! ,+ptiit/ 1or .ore t(+n t-o
.ont(! +n& t(e eent! t(+t 1o**o-e& (i! re*e+!e +re t(e !u07e,t o1 t(e pre!ent
petition.

An&re! E. #it+n -+! re,ruite& 0/ pri+te re!pon&ent Intr+,o S+*e! Corpor+tion,
t(rou)( it! *o,+* +)ent, A!i+ >or*&, t(e ot(er pri+te re!pon&ent, to -orC in An)o*+ +!
+ -e*&in) !uperi!or. T(e ,ontr+,t -+! 1or nine .ont(!, +t + .ont(*/ !+*+r/ o1
USG1,100.00 or USG37=.00 -eeC*/, +n& ,ont+ine& t(e re6uire& !t+n&+r& !tipu*+tion!
1or t(e prote,tion o1 our oer!e+! -orCer!.
Arriin) on Noe.0er 40, 1988, in Lu+n&+, ,+pit+* o1 An)o*+, t(e petitioner -+!
+!!i)ne& +! +n or&in+r/ -e*&er in t(e INTRACO ,entr+* .+inten+n,e !(op 1ro.
#e,e.0er 3 to 3=, 1988. On #e,e.0er 3:, 1988, (e -+! in1or.e&, to (i! &i!tre!!,
t(+t -ou*& 0e tr+n!1erre& to E+1un1o, !o.e 4=0 Ci*o.eter! e+!t o1 Lu+n&+. T(i! -+!
t(e p*+,e -(ere, e+r*ier t(+t /e+r, t(e re0e*! (+& +tt+,Ce& +n& Ci&n+ppe& e;p+tri+te
-orCer!, Ci**in) t-o Fi*ipino! in t(e r+i&. N+tur+**/, #it+n -+! re*u,t+nt to )o. "o-eer,
(e -+! +!!ure& 0/ t(e INTRACO .+n+)er t(+t E+1un1o -+! !+1e +n& +&e6u+te*/
prote,te& 0/ )oern.ent troop!H .oreoer I +n& t(i! -+! .ore per!u+!ie I (e
-+! to*& (e -ou*& 0e !ent (o.e i1 (e re1u!e& t(e ne- +!!i)n.ent. In t(e en&, -it(
.u,( .i!)iin), (e re*ente& +n& +)ree&.@ n+&
On #e,e.0er 39, 1988, (i! 1e+r! -ere ,on1ir.e&. T(e Unit+ re0e*! +tt+,Ce& t(e
&i+.on& .inin) !ite -(ere #it+n -+! -orCin) +n& tooC (i. +n& !i;teen ot(er Fi*ipino
(o!t+)e!, +*on) -it( ot(er 1orei)n -orCer!. T(e re0e*! +n& t(eir ,+ptie! -+*Ce&
t(rou)( 7un)*e terr+in 1or 41 &+/! to t(e Unit+ !tron)(o*& ne+r t(e N+.i0i+n 0or&er.
T(e/ treCCe& 1or +*.o!t + t(ou!+n& Ci*o.eter!. T(e/ !u0!i!te& on .e+)er 1+re.
So.e o1 t(e. (+& &i+rr(e+. T(eir 1eet -ere 0*i!tere&. It -+! on*/ on %+r,( 1:, 198=,
t(+t t(e (o!t+)e! -ere 1in+**/ re*e+!e& +1ter t(e inter,e!!ion o1 t(eir )oern.ent! +n&
t(e Intern+tion+* Re& Cro!!. Si; &+/! *+ter, #it+n +n& t(e ot(er Fi*ipino (o!t+)e!
-ere 0+,C in t(e P(i*ippine!. 1
T(e rep+tri+te& -orCer! (+& 0een +!!ure& 0/ INTRACO t(+t t(e/ -ou*& 0e )ien
priorit/ in re9e.p*o/.ent +0ro+&, +n& eentu+**/ e*een o1 t(e. -ere t+Cen 0+,C.
#it+n (+in) 0een e;,*u&e&, (e 1i*e& in June 198= + ,o.p*+int +)+in!t t(e pri+te
re!pon&ent! 1or 0re+,( o1 ,ontr+,t +n& +riou! ot(er ,*+i.!. Spe,i1i,+**/, (e !ou)(t
t(e +.ount o1 USG8,:7=.00, repre!entin) (i! !+*+rie! 1or t(e une;pire& 17 -eeC! o1
(i! ,ontr+,tH USG3=,000.00 +! -+r ri!C 0onu!H USG3,19:.=0 +! t(e +*ue o1 (i! *o!t
0e*on)in)!H USG1,100 1or unp+i& +,+tion *e+eH +n& .or+* +n& e;e.p*+r/ &+.+)e!
in t(e !u. o1 USG=0,000.00, p*u! +ttorne/<! 1ee!.
A** t(e!e ,*+i.! -ere &i!.i!!e& 0/ POEA A&.ini!tr+tor To.+! #. A,(+,o!o in +
&e,i!ion &+te& J+nu+r/ 37, 1987. 3 T(i! -+! +11ir.e& in toto 0/ re!pon&ent NLRC in
+ re!o*ution &+te& Ju*/ 18, 1987, 4 -(i,( i! no- 0ein) ,(+**en)e& in t(i! petition.
Goin) oer t(e re,or&, -e 1in& t(+t t(e pu0*i, re!pon&ent ,orre,t*/ re7e,te& t(e
petitioner<! ,*+i. 1or p+i& +,+tion *e+e. T(e e;pre!! !tipu*+tion in C*+u!e = o1 t(e
e.p*o/.ent ,ontr+,t re+&!@
S(ou*& t(e E.p*o/ee enter into + 1urt(er 9 to 13 .ont(! ,ontr+,t +t t(e ,o.p*etion
,ontr+,t, (e -i** 0e entit*e& to one .ont(<! p+i& +,+tion 0e1ore ,o..en,e.ent o1 (i!
!e,on& or !u0!e6uent ,ontr+,t.
It +ppe+r! t(+t t(e petitioner (+& not entere& into + !e,on& ,ontr+,t -it( t(e e.p*o/er
+1ter t(e e;pir+tion o1 t(e 1ir!t. Su,( re9e.p*o/.ent -+! not + .+tter o1 ri)(t on t(e
p+rt o1 t(e petitioner 0ut &epen&ent on t(e nee& 1or (i! !Ci**! in +not(er pro7e,t t(e
e.p*o/er .i)(t *+ter 0e un&ert+Cin).
A! re)+r&! t(e ,o!t o1 (i! 0e*on)in)!, t(e ei&en,e !(o-! t(+t t(e/ -ere not re+**/
*o!t 0ut in 1+,t returne& to (i. 0/ t(e re0e*! prior to t(eir re*e+!e. I1 (e (+& ot(er
propertie! t(+t -ere not re,oere&, t(ere -+! no proo1 o1 t(eir *o!! t(+t ,ou*& !upport
(i! +**e)+tion!. T(e/ -ere t(ere1ore +*!o proper*/ re7e,te&.@9,r+*+-
>e 1in&, t(ou)(, t(+t t(e ,*+i.! 1or 0re+,( o1 ,ontr+,t +n& -+r ri!C 0onu! &e!ere +
*itt*e .ore re1*e,tion in ie- o1 t(e pe,u*i+r ,ir,u.!t+n,e! o1 t(i! ,+!e.
T(e 1+,t t(+t !t+n&! out .o!t pro.inent*/ in t(e re,or& i! t(e ri!C to -(i,( t(e
petitioner -+! !u07e,te& -(en (e -+! +!!i)ne&, +1ter (i! re*u,t+nt ,on!ent, to t(e
re0e*9in1e!te& re)ion o1 E+1un1o. T(i! -+! + &+n)erou! +re+. T(i! !+.e p*+,e (+&
e+r*ier 0een t(e t+r)et o1 + re0e* +tt+,C t(+t (+& re!u*te& in t(e &e+t( o1 t-o Fi*ipino
-orCer! +n& t(e ,+pture o1 !eer+* ot(er!. Eno-in) +** t(i!, INTRACO !ti** pre!!ure&
#it+n into +)reein) to 0e tr+n!1erre& to t(+t p*+,e, &i!.i!!in) (i! initi+* o07e,tion +n&,
.ore i.port+nt, t(re+tenin) to !en& (i. (o.e i1 (e re1u!e&.
>e 1ee* t(+t in 1+i*in) to proi&e 1or t(e !+1et/ o1 t(e petitioner, t(e pri+te
re!pon&ent! -ere ,*e+r*/ re.i!! in t(e &i!,(+r)e o1 one o1 t(e pri.+r/ &utie! o1 t(e
e.p*o/er. >or!e, t(e/ not on*/ ne)*e,te& t(+t &ut/ 0ut in&ee& &e*i0er+te*/ io*+te& it
0/ +,tu+**/ !u07e,tin) +n& e;po!in) #it+n to + re+* +n& &e.on!tr+te& &+n)er. It &oe!
not (e*p to +r)ue t(+t (e -+! not 1or,e& to )o to E+1un1o +n& (+& t(e option o1
,o.in) (o.e. T(+t -+! + ,rue* ,(oi,e, to !+/ t(e *e+!t. T(e petitioner (+& )one to
t(+t 1orei)n *+n& in !e+r,( o1 + 0etter *i1e t(+t (e ,ou*& !(+re -it( (i! *oe& one! +1ter
(i! !tint +0ro+&. T(+t ,(oi,e -ou*& (+e re6uire& (i. to ,o.e (o.e e.pt/9(+n&e&
to t(e &i!+ppoint.ent o1 +n e;pe,t+nt 1+.i*/.
It i! not e;p*+ine& -(/ t(e petitioner -+! not p+i& 1or t(e une;pire& portion o1 (i!
,ontr+,t -(i,( (+& 17 .ore -eeC! to )o. T(e (o!t+)e! -ere i..e&i+te*/ rep+tri+te&
+1ter t(eir re*e+!e, pre!u.+0*/ !o t(e/ ,ou*& re,oer 1ro. t(eir or&e+*. T(e pro.i!e
o1 INTRACO -+! t(+t t(e/ -ou*& 0e )ien priorit/ in re9e.p*o/.ent !(ou*& t(eir
!eri,e! 0e nee&e&. In t(e p+rti,u*+r ,+!e o1 t(e petitioner, t(e pro.i!e -+! not
1u*1i**e&. It -ou*& !ee. t(+t (i! -orC -+! ter.in+te&, +n& not +)+in re6uire&, 0e,+u!e
it -+! re+**/ inten&e& +** +*on) to +!!i)n (i. on*/ to E+1un1o.@9,r+*+-
T(e pri+te re!pon&ent! !tre!! t(+t t(e ,ontr+,t #it+n entere& into ,+**e& 1or (i!
e.p*o/.ent in An)o*+, -it(out in&i,+tion o1 +n/ p+rti,u*+r p*+,e o1 +!!i)n.ent in t(e
,ountr/. T(i! .e+nt (e +)ree& to 0e +!!i)ne& to -orC +n/-(ere in t(+t ,ountr/,
in,*u&in) E+1un1o. >(en INTRACO +!!i)ne& #it+n to t(+t p*+,e in t(e re)u*+r ,our!e
o1 it! 0u!ine!!, it -+! .ere*/ e;er,i!in) it! ri)(t! un&er t(e e.p*o/.ent ,ontr+,t t(+t
#it+n (+& 1ree*/ entere& into. "en,e, it i! +r)ue&, (e ,+nnot no- ,o.p*+in t(+t t(ere
-+! + 0re+,( o1 t(+t ,ontr+,t 1or -(i,( (e i! entit*e& to .onet+r/ re&re!!.
T(e pri+te re!pon&ent! +*!o re7e,t t(e ,*+i. 1or -+r ri!C 0onu! +n& point out t(+t
POEA %e.or+n&u. Cir,u*+r No. 8, i!!ue& pur!u+nt to t(e .+n&+tor/ -+r ri!C
,oer+)e proi!ion in Se,tion 3, Ru*e BI, o1 t(e POEA Ru*e! +n& Re)u*+tion! on
Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent, ,+te)oriAin) An)o*+ +! + -+r ri!C tooC e11e,t on*/ on
Fe0ru+r/ :, 198=, F+1ter t(e petitioner<! &ep*o/.ent to An)o*+ on Noe.0er 37,
1988.F Con!e6uent*/, t(e !tipu*+tion ,ou*& not 0e +pp*ie& to t(e petitioner +! it -+!
not !uppo!e& to (+e + retro+,tie e11e,t.
A !tri,t interpret+tion o1 t(e ,o*& 1+,t! 0e1ore u! .i)(t !upport t(e po!ition t+Cen 0/
t(e re!pon&ent!. "o-eer, -e +re &e+*in) (ere not -it( +n or&in+r/ tr+n!+,tion 0ut
-it( + *+0or ,ontr+,t -(i,( &e!ere! !pe,i+* tre+t.ent +n& + *i0er+* interpret+tion in
1+or o1 t(e -orCer. A! t(e So*i,itor Gener+* o0!ere! in (i! Co..ent !upportin) t(e
petitioner, t(e Con!titution .+n&+te! t(e prote,tion o1 *+0or +n& t(e !/.p+t(eti,
,on,ern o1 t(e St+te 1or t(e -orCin) ,*+!! ,on1or.+0*/ to t(e !o,i+* 7u!ti,e po*i,/.
T(i! i! + ,o..+n& -e ,+nnot &i!re)+r& in t(e re!o*ution o1 t(e ,+!e 0e1ore u!.
T(e p+r+.ount &ut/ o1 t(i! Court i! to ren&er 7u!ti,e t(rou)( *+-. T(e *+- in t(i! ,+!e
+**o-! t-o oppo!ite interpret+tion!, one !tri,t*/ in 1+or o1 t(e e.p*o/er! +n& t(e
ot(er *i0er+**/ in 1+or o1 t(e -orCer. T(e ,(oi,e i! o0iou!. >e 1in&, ,on!i&erin) t(e
tot+*it/ o1 t(e ,ir,u.!t+n,e! +tten&in) t(i! ,+!e, t(+t t(e petitioner i! entit*e& to re*ie1.
T(e petitioner -ent to An)o*+ prep+re& to -orC +! (e (+& pro.i!e& in +,,or&+n,e
-it( t(e e.p*o/.ent ,ontr+,t (e (+& entere& into in )oo& 1+it( -it( t(e pri+te
re!pon&ent!. Oer (i! o07e,tion, (e -+! !ent to + &+n)erou! +!!i)n.ent +n& +! (e
1e+re& -+! t+Cen (o!t+)e in + re0e* +tt+,C t(+t preente& (i. 1ro. 1u*1i**in) (i!
,ontr+,t -(i*e in ,+ptiit/. Upon (i! re*e+!e, (e -+! i..e&i+te*/ !ent (o.e +n& -+!
not p+i& t(e !+*+r/ ,orre!pon&in) to t(e une;pire& portion o1 (i! ,ontr+,t. "e -+!
i..e&i+te*/ rep+tri+te& -it( t(e pro.i!e t(+t (e -ou*& 0e )ien priorit/ in re9
e.p*o/.ent, -(i,( neer ,+.e. To ru0 !+*t on t(e -oun&, .+n/ o1 (i! ,o9(o!t+)e!
-ere re9e.p*o/e& +! pro.i!e&. T(e petitioner -+! *e1t on*/ -it( + 0*e+C e;perien,e
+n& not(in) to !(o- 1or it e;,ept &+!(e& (ope! +n& + !en!e o1 re7e,tion.
In t(e!e ,ir,u.!t+n,e!, t(e Court 1ee*! t(+t t(e petitioner !(ou*& 0e p+i& t(e !+*+r/
,orre!pon&in) to t(e 17 un!ere& -eeC! o1 (i! ,ontr+,t, -(i,( -+! ter.in+te& 0/ t(e
pri+te re!pon&ent! &e!pite (i! -i**in)ne!! to -orC out t(e 0+*+n,e o1 (i! ter.. In
+&&ition, to +!!u+)e t(e or&e+* (e un&er-ent -(i*e in ,+ptiit/ 0/ t(e re0e*!, t(e
Court (+! +*!o &e,i&e& in it! &i!,retion to +-+r& (i. no.in+* &+.+)e! in t(e !u. o1
P30,000.00. T(i! i! not p+/.ent o1 t(e -+r ri!C ,*+i. -(i,(, +! e+r*ier note&, -+! not
proi&e& 1or in t(e e.p*o/.ent ,ontr+,t in 6ue!tion, or in&e.ni1i,+tion 1or +n/ *o!!
!u11ere& 0/ (i.. T(i! i! 0ut + toCen o1 t(e ten&erne!! o1 t(e *+- to-+r&! t(e
petitionin) -orC.+n i!9+9i! t(e pri+te re!pon&ent! +n& t(eir .ore ,o.1ort+0*e
re!our,e!.@ n+&
Un&er t(e po*i,/ o1 !o,i+* 7u!ti,e, t(e *+- 0en&! oer 0+,C-+r& to +,,o..o&+te t(e
intere!t! o1 t(e -orCin) ,*+!! on t(e (u.+ne 7u!ti1i,+tion t(+t t(o!e -it( *e!!
prii*e)e! in *i1e !(ou*& (+e .ore prii*e)e! in *+-. T(+t i! -(/ our 7u&).ent to&+/
.u!t 0e 1or t(e petitioner.
>"EREFORE, t(e ,(+**en)e& re!o*ution o1 t(e NLRC i! (ere0/ %O#IFIE#. T(e
pri+te re!pon&ent! +re (ere0/ #IRECTE# 7oint*/ +n& !eer+**/ to p+/ t(e petitioner@
+5 t(e ,urrent e6ui+*ent in P(i*ippine pe!o! o1 USG8,:7=.00, repre!entin) (i! unp+i&
!+*+rie! 1or t(e 0+*+n,e o1 t(e ,ontr+,t ter.H 05 no.in+* &+.+)e! in t(e +.ount o1
P30,000.00H +n& ,5 10D +ttorne/<! 1ee!. No ,o!t!.
SO OR#ERE#.
PRI%E %ARINE SERBICES, INC., petitioner, vs. NATIONAL LA$OR RELATIONS
CO%%ISSION, P"ILIPPINE OBERSEAS E%PLO'%ENT A#%INISTRATION, R J R
%ANAGE%ENT SERBICES INTERNATIONAL, +n& NAPOLEON CANUT,
respondents.
# E C I S I O N
%EN#OKA, J.@
T(i! i! + petition 1or certiorari to !et +!i&e t(e &e,i!ion, &+te& Fe0ru+r/ 31, 1991, o1
t(e N+tion+* L+0or Re*+tion! Co..i!!ion, &i!.i!!in) t(e +ppe+* o1 petitioner Pri.e
%+rine Seri,e!, In,. 1ro. t(e &e,i!ion o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent
A&.ini!tr+tion in POEA C+!e No. 2L5 8891098=0, +! -e** +! t(e re!o*ution, &+te&
%+r,( 3:, 1991, o1 t(e NLRC, &en/in) re,on!i&er+tion.
Pri+te re!pon&ent N+po*eon C+nut -+! re,ruite& to -orC +! + Tu) %+!ter 1or
Ar+0i+n Gu*1 %e,(+ni,+* Seri,e! +n& Contr+,tin) Co., Lt&. 2Ar+0i+n Gu*15 0/ R J R
%+n+)e.ent Seri,e! Intern+tion+* 2R J R %+n+)e.ent5 1or + perio& o1 18 .ont(!,
,o..en,in) June 1=, 1988. Pri+te re!pon&entL! e.p*o/.ent -+!, (o-eer,
preter.in+te& +**e)e&*/ on t(e )roun& t(+t (e -+! in,o.petent. "e -+! rep+tri+te&
to t(e P(i*ippine! on Septe.0er 3:, 1988.
i
M1N
>(en pri+te re!pon&ent reie-e& (i! e.p*o/.ent p+per!, (e &i!,oere& t(+t -(i*e
R J R %+n+)e.ent (+& +,te& +! re,ruit.ent +)en,/ in pro,e!!in) (i! +pp*i,+tion, it
-+! +,tu+**/ petitioner Pri.e %+rine Seri,e!, In,., +! &ep*o/.ent +)ent, -(i,( (+&
pro,e!!e& (i! p+per! +n& 1+,i*it+te& (i! )oin) +0ro+&. Furt(er ine!ti)+tion !(o-e&
t(+t R J R %+n+)e.ent -+! not *i,en!e& to re,ruit -orCer! 1or oer!e+!
e.p*o/.ent. A,,or&in)*/, pri+te re!pon&ent 1i*e& + ,o.p*+int 0e1ore t(e P(i*ippine
Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent A)en,/ 1or i**e)+* &i!.i!!+*, un&erp+/.ent o1 !+*+rie!, +n&
re,ruit.ent io*+tion! +)+in!t petitioner, R J R %+n+)e.ent, +n& Ar+0i+n Gu*1.
ii
M3N
Petitioner &enie& t(+t t(ere -+! +n/ e.p*o/er9e.p*o/ee re*+tion!(ip 0et-een it +n&
pri+te re!pon&ent. It pointe& out t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent +&.itte& (e (+& +pp*ie&
-it( +n& p+i& (i! p*+,e.ent 1ee to R J R %+n+)e.ent. Petitioner *iCe-i!e &enie&
t(+t it (+& +n/ p+rt in t(e pro,e!!in) o1 pri+te re!pon&entL! p+per! +n& +r)ue& t(+t
on*/ Ar+0i+n Gu*1 +n& R J R %+n+)e.ent !(ou*& 0e (e*& *i+0*e to pri+te
re!pon&ent. For t(i! re+!on, petitioner 1i*e& + ,ro!!9,*+i. +)+in!t R J R
%+n+)e.ent !eeCin) rei.0ur!e.ent 1or +n/ +.ount -(i,( petitioner .+/ 0e (e*&
*i+0*e 1or to pri+te re!pon&ent.
iii
M4N
R J R %+n+)e.ent, on t(e ot(er (+n&, +erre& t(+t it re1erre& pri+te re!pon&ent to
petitioner in or&er 1or t(e *+tter to 1+,i*it+te pri+te re!pon&entL! e.p*o/.ent +0ro+&
+n& ,on!e6uent*/ -orCe& in ,on7un,tion -it( petitioner in pro,e!!in) pri+te
re!pon&entL! &ep*o/.ent.
i
M8N
On O,to0er 14, 1989, #eput/ A&.ini!tr+tor Cre!en,io %. Si&&+/+o o1 t(e POEA
ren&ere& + &e,i!ion &i!po!in) o1 t(e ,+!e +! 1o**o-!@
>"EREFORE, in ie- o1 t(e 1ore)oin), Pri.e %+rine Seri,e!, In,., R J
R %+n+)e.ent Seri,e!, IntL* +n& Ar+0i+n Gu*1 %e,(+ni,+* Seri,e! +n&
Contr+,tin) Co. Lt&., +re (ere0/ or&ere&, 7oint*/ +n& !eer+**/, to p+/
,o.p*+in+nt t(e 1o**o-in) in P(i*ippine! Curren,/ +t t(e pre+i*in) r+te o1
e;,(+n)e +t t(e ti.e o1 p+/.ent@
SR 44,7=0.00 9 repre!entin) !+*+rie! 1or t(e une;pire&
portion o1 t(e ,ontr+,t 1or 1=
.ont(! +t SR 3,3=0.00 +
.ont(H
4=0.00 9 repre!entin) !+*+r/ &i11erenti+*H
=D per,ent Attorne/L! 1ee! o1 t(e +-+r&.
Furt(er.ore, R J R %+n+)e.ent Seri,e! Intern+tion+* i! re1erre& to t(e
Anti9i**e)+* Re,ruit.ent $r+n,( o1 t(i! O11i,e 1or +ppropri+te +,tion.
Fin+**/, t(e ,ro!! ,*+i. o1 Pri.e %+rine Seri,e!, In,. +)+in!t R J R
%+n+)e.ent Seri,e! Intern+tion+* i! &i!.i!!e& 1or *+,C o1 .erit.
SO OR#ERE#.
Petitioner 1i*e& + .otion 1or re,on!i&er+tion -it( t(e N+tion+* L+0or Re*+tion!
Co..i!!ion -(i,( t(e *+tter tre+te& +! +n +ppe+*. In it! &e,i!ion, &+te& Fe0ru+r/
31, 1991, t(e NLRC +11ir.e& in toto t(e POEAL! &e,i!ion. On %+r,( 3:, 1991, it
&enie& petitionerL! .otion 1or re,on!i&er+tion. "en,e, t(i! petition ,ont+inin) t(e
1o**o-in) +!!i)n.ent o1 error!@
I. Pu0*i, re!pon&ent NLRC +n&?or POEA ,o..itte& )r+e
+0u!e o1 &i!,retion -(en t(e/ i)nore& e;i!tin) 7uri!pru&en,e.
II. #i!.i!!+* o1 t(e ,ro!!9,*+i. 2+)+in!t pri+te re!pon&ent R J
R %+n+)e.ent5 ,on!titute! +*!o )r+e +0u!e o1 &i!,retion.
A! to it! 1ir!t +!!i)n.ent o1 error, petitioner ,onten&! t(+t t(e ru*in) o1 t(e NLRC )oe!
+)+in!t t(i! CourtL! &e,i!ion in (las v. N')C.

M=N
T(e ,ontention (+! no .erit. T(e ,+!e o1 (las !i.p*/ (e*& t(+t + re,ruit.ent +)en,/
,+nnot 0e 1oun& *i+0*e 1or unp+i& -+)e! +n& ot(er ,*+i.! o1 oer!e+! -orCer! -(o
(+e 0een re,ruite& 0/ it! +)ent -it(out it! Cno-*e&)e +n& ,on!ent. T(e CourtL!
ru*in) &en/in) *i+0i*it/ +)+in!t t(e re,ruit.ent +)en,/ 2A** Se+!on! %+npo-er
Intern+tion+* Seri,e!5 -+! 0+!e& on t(e 1o**o-in) 1+,tu+* 1in&in)! o1 t(e POEA +n&
t(e NLRC, -(i,( t(e Court +11ir.e&@
A** ei&en,e in&i,+te t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent MA** Se+!on! %+npo-er
Intern+tion+* Seri,e!N ,+nnot 0e (e*& *i+0*e 1or t(e ,*+i.! o1 petitioner!.
Fir!t*/, petitioner! +pp*ie& 1or oer!e+! &ep*o/.ent -it( C$T?S(ieC
Intern+tion+* t(rou)( !pou!e! Fr+n,i!,o +n& Cor+Aon N)o(o, E&&ie
Su.+-+/ +n& Er*in&+ E!peno. T(e/ neer tr+n!+,te& t(eir 0u!ine!! -it(
t(e o11i,e o1 pri+te re!pon&ent.
Se,on&*/, -(en t(e/ -orCe& +t #o(+, O+t+r, t(eir e.p*o/er -+!
C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+* -(o 1+i*e& to p+/ t(eir -+)e!.
T(ir&*/, in t(e TEPS proi&e& 0/ E!peno to en+0*e t(e. to tr+e*, it -+!
.+&e to +ppe+r t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent -+! t(eir +)en,/?,ontr+,tor o1
petitioner! +n& '+,ou0 Tr+&in) E!t. i! t(eir 1orei)n e.p*o/er. T(e/ -ere
!i)ne& 0/ petitioner! Cno-in) t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent -+! not t(eir
re,ruiter. App+rent*/, E!peno ,on!pire& -it( petitioner! +n& N)o(o to
en+0*e petitioner! to tr+e* to t(e %i&&*e E+!t, o!ten!i0*/ un&er t(e n+.e
o1 pri+te re!pon&ent +! +)ent?re,ruiter.
Fourt(*/, it turne& our t(+t petitioner! -ere re,ruite& 1or %+0e,o Tr+&in)
+n& Contr+,tin) E!t+0*i!(.ent, +! t(e 1orei)n prin,ip+* +n& not '+,ou0
Tr+&in) E!t., -(i,( i! t(e prin,ip+* o1 pri+te re!pon&ent.
Fi1t(*/, in t(e er/ ,o.p*i+nt 1i*e& 0/ petitioner! +)+in!t pri+te re!pon&ent
t(e/ +&.itte& t(+t t(e/ +pp*ie& 1or oer!e+! e.p*o/.ent -it( t(e
C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+* un&er t(e .+n+)e.ent o1 t(e N)o(o!.
i
M:N
In ,ontr+!t, 0ot( t(e POEA +n& t(e NLRC 1oun& t(+t petitioner +n& R J R
%+n+)e.ent +,te& 7oint*/ in re,ruitin) +n& &ep*o/in) pri+te re!pon&ent +0ro+&, to
-it@
T(i! ,ontention ,+nnot 0e !u!t+ine&. *he records sho that hile
complainant applied ith respondent ) & ), he as hoever deployed by
herein movant Prime Marine and this as not reb#tted d#rin% the
proceedin%s belo. Con!e6uent*/, >e 1in& no !u11i,ient re+!on to &i!tur0
t(e 6ue!tione& &e,i!ion. >e, t(ere1ore, 6uote -it( +ppro+* +n& +&opt +!
Our o-n t(e 1o**o-in) 1in&in)! o1 t(e POEA #eput/ A&.ini!tr+tor.
>e 1in& re!pon&ent R J R +n& pri.e %+rine 7oint*/ +n&
!eer+**/ *i+0*e -it( ,o.p*+in+ntL! 1orei)n e.p*o/er, Ar+0i+n
Gu*1 %e,(+ni,+* Seri,e! +n& Contr+,tin) Co. Lt&. R J R i! t(e
re,ruitin) +)en,/ -(i*e Pri.e %+rine i! t(e &ep*o/in) +)en,/.
Complainant alle%ed that he applied ith ) & ) and the latter
admitted that it +has facilitated and contrib#ted efforts in
conj#nction ith Prime Marine in sendin% the applicant
complainant abroad #nder a contract., Prime Marine did not
reb#t this alle%ation. (t did not even e!plain or to#ch on the
matter hy it appeared as the deployin% a%ent in the Cre
$%reement e!hibited by complainant. T(e 1ore)oin) *e+&! u! to
t(e ineit+0*e ,on,*u!ion t(+t t(ere i! + ,o**u!ion 0et-een R J R
+n& Pri.e %+rine -it( re!pe,t to ,o.p*+in+ntL! +pp*i,+tion +n&
&ep*o/.ent. T(u!, it! ,ro!! ,*+i. +)+in!t R J R .u!t
ne,e!!+ri*/ 1+i* 0e,+u!e it i! (e*& 7oint*/ +n& !eer+**/ *i+0*e -it(
R J R +n& t(e 1orei)n e.p*o/er.
ii
M7N
A*t(ou)( petitioner &enie& 0e1ore t(e POEA +n& t(e NLRC +n/ p+rt in t(e pro,e!!in)
o1 pri+te re!pon&entL! p+per!, it no- +&.it! t(+t it! )ener+* .+n+)er +1ter +** tooC
p+rt in t(e &ep*o/.ent o1 pri+te re!pon&ent. "o-eer, it ,*+i.! t(+t it! )ener+*
.+n+)er -+! not +ut(oriAe& to &o !o +n& t(+t !(e -+! in ,o**u!ion -it( pri+te
re!pon&ent.
iii
M8N
It i! !u11i,ient in or&er to &i!po!e o1 t(i! ne- ,ontention to !+/ t(+t 1+,tu+* 1in&in)! o1
+&.ini!tr+tie +)en,ie! +re )ener+**/ (e*& to 0e 0in&in) +n& een 1in+* !o *on) +!
t(e/ +re !upporte& 0/ !u0!t+nti+* ei&en,e in t(e re,or& o1 t(e ,+!e.
i;
M9N T(i! i!
e!pe,i+**/ !o -(ere, +! (ere, t(e +)en,/ +n& + !u0or&in+te one -(i,( (e+r& t(e
,+!e in t(e 1ir!t in!t+n,e +re in 1u** +)ree.ent +! to t(e 1+,t!.
;
M10N T(i! ru*e -+!, in
1+,t, reiter+te& in t(e (las ,+!e -(i,( petitioner inoCe!@
No ru*e i! .ore !ett*e& t(+n t(+t t(i! Court i! not + trier o1 1+,t! +n& t(+t
t(e 1in&in)! o1 1+,t! o1 +&.ini!tr+tie 0o&ie!, +! pu0*i, re!pon&ent, !(+**
not &i!tur0e& on +ppe+* un*e!! it i! !(o-n t(+t it ,o..itte& + )r+e +0u!e
o1 &i!,retion or ot(er-i!e +,te& -it(out 7uri!&i,tion or in e;,e!! o1 it!
7uri!&i,tion. In t(i! ,+!e, petitioner! 1+i*e& to &i!,(+r)e t(eir 0ur&en to
-+rr+nt + &ep+rture 1ro. t(i! ru*e.
;i
M11N
It !(ou*& 0e pointe& out t(+t petitioner 0e*+te&*/ ,*+i.! t(+t it! )ener+* .+n+)er +,te&
-it(out +ut(orit/ +n& in ,o**u!ion -it( pri+te re!pon&ent +pp+rent*/ to 0rin) t(i! ,+!e
-it(in t(e +.0it o1 (las -(i,( (e*& t(+t + re,ruit.ent +)en,/ i! not *i+0*e 1or t(e
un+ut(oriAe& +,t! o1 it! +)ent!. T(i! tr+n!p+rent e11ort to .+Ce t(e pre!ent ,+!e 1it
t(e ru*in) in (las i! &one -it(out !pe,i1/in) t(e +**e)e& ei&en,e !upportin) !u,(
,*+i. o1 ,o**u!ion. Neit(er &oe! petitioner een +tte.pt to ,ontroert t(e e;pre!!
1in&in) o1 0ot( t(e POEA +n& t(e NLRC t(+t it 1+i*e& to re0ut R J R %+n+)e.entL!
+**e)+tion t(+t 0ot( o1 t(e!e 1ir.! 7oint*/ pro,e!!e& pri+te re!pon&entL! e.p*o/.ent.
A! to petitionerL! !e,on& +!!i)n.ent o1 error, !u,( !(ou*& 0e &i!.i!!e& +! it!
!o*i&+r/ *i+0i*it/ -it( R J R %+n+)e.ent +n& Ar+0i+n Gu*1 1or pri+te re!pon&entL!
,*+i.! i! 1oun&e& on t(e 1+,t t(+t 0ot( petitioner +n& R J R %+n+)e.ent, +n& not t(e
*+tter +*one, pro,e!!e& pri+te re!pon&entL! re,ruit.ent +n& &ep*o/.ent +0ro+&.
T(ere i! no 6ue!tion t(+t + pri+te .+nnin) +)en,/, !u,( +! petitioner, ,+n 0e (e*&
*i+0*e 1or pri+te re!pon&entL! ,*+i.!. T(e Ru*e! +n& Re)u*+tion! o1 t(e POEA
e;pre!!*/ proi&e t(+t eer/ +pp*i,+nt !eeCin) + *i,en!e or +ut(orit/ to oper+te +
pri+te e.p*o/.ent, re,ruit.ent, or .+nnin) +)en,/ .u!t !u0.it, +.on) ot(er!@
&. A eri1ie& un&ert+Cin) !t+tin) t(+t t(e +pp*i,+nt@
. . . .
245 !(+** +!!u.e 7oint +n& !o*i&+r/ *i+0i*it/ -it( t(e e.p*o/er 1or +** ,*+i.! +n&
*i+0i*itie! -(i,( .+/ +ri!e in ,onne,tion -it( t(e i.p*e.ent+tion o1 t(e ,ontr+,t o1
e.p*o/.entH
;ii
M13N
6(EREFORE, t(e petition i! #IS%ISSE#.
i
ii
iiiG.R. No". 9039899. Fe4u+: ., 1991
(ER&INIGIL%O ILAS, GLICERIO 'ELAR&INO, &ARIO 'AR'OSA +n, TEO%ORO ENRI;UE*, petitioner!,
!.
T(E NATIONAL LA'OR RELATIONS CO&&ISSION +n, ALL SEASONS &ANPO6ER INTERNATIONAL SER#ICES,
re!pon&ent!.
Cielo &. Pre for petitioners.
-oracio ). .iola, /r. for private respondent.
GANCA$CO, J.:p
C+n + re,ruit.ent +)en,/ 0e *i+0*e 1or unp+i& -+)e! +n& ot(er ,*+i.! o1 ,ert+in oer!e+! -orCer! -(o +ppe+r to (+e 0een
re,ruite& 0/ it! +)ent -it(out it! Cno-*e&)e +n& ,on!entP T(i! i! t(e 1o,+* i!!ue in t(i! petition.
Petitioner! +pp*ie& 1or oer!e+! e.p*o/.ent in #o(+, O+t+r, -it( C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+*, +n un*i,en!e& re,ruit.ent
+)en,/, un&er t(e .+n+)e.ent o1 !pou!e! Fr+n,i!,o N)o(o, Jr. +n& Cor+Aon N)o(o. To en+0*e t(e. to *e+e, t(e/ -ere
+!!i!te& 0/ E&&ie Su.+-+/ +n& Er*in&+ E!peno, t(e *+tter 0ein) + *i+i!on o11i,er o1 pri+te re!pon&ent A** Se+!on!
%+npo-er Intern+tion+* Seri,e!, + *i,en!e& p*+,e.ent +)en,/. Petitioner! 1i*e& t(eir +pp*i,+tion p+per! +n& p+i& t(eir
p*+,e.ent 1ee! -it( t(e N)o(o!. "o-eer, it -+! E!peno -(o pro,e!!e& t(eir p+per! +n& )+e t(e. tr+e* e;it p+!!e!
2TEPS5. T(e/ -ere .+&e to !i)n t-o9/e+r ,ontr+,t! o1 e.p*o/.ent 0ut t(e/ -ere not )ien ,opie! t(ereo1. Su0!e6uent*/,
t(e/ -ere &ep*o/e& to #o(+, O+t+r, -(ere t(e/ -orCe& 1or 1our 285 .ont(! -it(out 0ein) p+i&. T(e/ !ou)(t t(e +!!i!t+n,e o1
t(e P(i*ippine E.0+!!/ +n& -ere +0*e to ,o.e (o.e to t(e P(i*ippine! -it( t(e (e*p o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent
A&.ini!tr+tion 2POEA5.
"en,e, t(e/ 1i*e& + ,o.p*+int to re,oer t(eir unp+i& !+*+rie! +n& 1or -+)e! ,oerin) t(e une;pire& portion o1 t(eir ,ontr+,t!
+)+in!t pri+te re!pon&ent.
On June 40, 1989, t(e POEA ren&ere& + &e,i!ion, t(e &i!po!itie p+rt o1 -(i,( re+&! +! 1o**o-!@
>"EREFORE, 7u&).ent i! (ere0/ ren&ere&, or&erin) t(e re!pon&ent to re1un& to ,o.p*+in+nt! $oni1+,io
G+)+!,+!, "er.ini)i*&o I*+!, #io!&+&o G+*+n), Antonio Fri+!, Per1e,to Lor+, Jr., Ro*+n&o Ern+,io,
E..+nue* P+&i**+, An&re! Lont+0o, Ju+nito Cueto, C+.i*o P+!tr+n+, %+rio $+r0o!+, Ro.eo %u*&on),
Arno*& Cre!i&io, #o.in)ueA &e *+ CruA, S+.ue* Le+Qo, Teo&oro Enri6ueA +n& J+i.e R+.o!, t(e +.ount
o1 T>O T"OUSAN# FIBE "UN#RE# PESOS 2P3,=00.005 e+,(, repre!entin) p*+,e.ent 1ee!.
T(e ,*+i.! 1or t(e !+*+rie! ,orre!pon&in) to t(e une;pire& portion o1 t(e ,o.p*+in+nt<! ,ontr+,t! +re
(ere0/ or&ere& #IS%ISSE# 1or *+,C o1 .erit.
T(e ,*+i.! o1 Pe&ro P+0i**oni+, G*i,erio $e*+r.ino, J+i.e R+.o!, Ro&o*1o &e Je!u!, Ro.eo To*e&o,
Pe&ro S+)+/+p, %+,+rio B+*&eA, $en7+.in Ju*io, Erne!to '+&+o, Seerino Pi*on +re (ere0/ or&ere&
!eere& 1ro. t(e ot(er ,o.p*+int! in ie- o1 !ett*e.ent.
SO OR#ERE#.
1
$ot( p+rtie! +ppe+*e& to pu0*i, re!pon&ent N+tion+* L+0or Re*+tion! Co..i!!ion 2NLRC5 -(i,( in &ue ,our!e ren&ere& +
&e,i!ion on Septe.0er 34, 1988 .o&i1/in) t(e +ppe+*e& &e,i!ion to t(e e11e,t t(+t petitioner! -ere +&7u&)e& entit*e& to t(eir
1our 285 .ont(! unp+i& !+*+rie! to 0e p+i& 0/ pri+te re!pon&ent 0ut t(e re1un& o1 p*+,e.ent 1ee! -+! &e*ete&.
A .otion 1or re,on!i&er+tion t(ereo1 -+! 1i*e& 0/ pri+te re!pon&ent. On Apri* 38, 1989, + &e,i!ion -+! ren&ere& 0/ pu0*i,
re!pon&ent !ettin) +!i&e t(e &e,i!ion &+te& Septe.0er 34, 1988 +n& &i!.i!!in) t(e ,+!e 1or *+,C o1 .erit.
2
A .otion 1or
re,on!i&er+tion 1i*e& 0/ petitioner! -+! &enie& in + re!o*ution &+te& June 7, 1989.
3
"en,e, t(e (erein petition 1or certiorari -(erein it i! +**e)e& t(+t pu0*i, re!pon&ent ,o..itte& + )r+e +0u!e o1 &i!,retion in
!ettin) +!i&e it! &e,i!ion &+te& Septe.0er 34, 1988 +n& ren&erin) t(e 6ue!tione& &e,i!ion &+te& Apri* 38, 1989.
T(e petition .u!t 1+i*.
No ru*e i! .ore !ett*e& t(+n t(+t t(i! Court i! not + trier o1 1+,t! +n& t(+t t(e 1in&in)! o1 1+,t! o1 +&.ini!tr+tie 0o&ie!, +!
pu0*i, re!pon&ent, !(+** not 0e &i!tur0e& on +ppe+* un*e!! it i! !(o-n t(+t it ,o..itte& + )r+e +0u!e o1 &i!,retion or
ot(er-i!e +,te& -it(out 7uri!&i,tion or in e;,e!! o1 it! 7uri!&i,tion. In t(i! ,+!e, petitioner! 1+i*e& to &i!,(+r)e t(eir 0ur&en to
-+rr+nt + &ep+rture 1ro. t(i! ru*e.
A** ei&en,e in&i,+te t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent ,+nnot 0e (e*& *i+0*e 1or t(e ,*+i.! o1 petitioner!.
Fir!t*/, petitioner! +pp*ie& 1or oer!e+! &ep*o/.ent -it( C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+* t(rou)( !pou!e! Fr+n,i!,o +n& Cor+Aon
N)o(o, E&&ie Su.+-+/ +n& Er*in&+ E!peno. T(e/ neer tr+n!+,te& t(eir 0u!ine!! -it( t(e o11i,e o1 pri+te re!pon&ent.
Se,on&*/, -(en t(e/ -orCe& +t #o(+, O+t+r, t(eir e.p*o/er -+! C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+* -(o 1+i*e& to p+/ t(eir -+)e!.
T(ir&*/, in t(e TEPS proi&e& 0/ E!peno to en+0*e t(e. to tr+e*, it -+! .+&e to +ppe+r t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent -+! t(eir
+)en,/?,ontr+,tor o1 petitioner! +n& '+,ou0 Tr+&in) E!t. i! t(eir 1orei)n e.p*o/er. T(e/ -ere !i)ne& 0/ petitioner! Cno-in)
t(+t pri+te re!pon&ent -+! not t(eir re,ruiter. App+rent*/, E!peno ,on!pire& -it( petitioner! +n& N)o(o to en+0*e
petitioner! to tr+e* to t(e %i&&*e E+!t, o!ten!ie*/ un&er t(e n+.e o1 pri+te re!pon&ent +! +)ent?re,ruiter.
Fourt(*/, it turne& out t(+t petitioner! -ere re,ruite& 1or %+0e,o Tr+&in) +n& Contr+,tin) E!t+0*i!(.ent, +! t(e 1orei)n
prin,ip+* +n& not '+,ou0 Tr+&in) E!t., -(i,( i! t(e prin,ip+* o1 pri+te re!pon&ent.
Fi1t(*/, in t(e er/ ,o.p*+int! 1i*e& 0/ petitioner! +)+in!t pri+te re!pon&ent t(e/ +&.itte& t(+t t(e/ +pp*ie& 1or oer!e+!
e.p*o/.ent -it( t(e C$T?S(ieC Intern+tion+* un&er t(e .+n+)e.ent o1 t(e N)o(o!.
8
It i! true t(+t t(e ru*e! +n& re)u*+tion! o1 t(e POEA proi&e t(+t t(e pri+te e.p*o/.ent or re,ruit.ent +)en,/ i! .+&e to
+!!u.e 1u** +n& ,o.p*ete re!pon!i0i*it/ 1or +** +,t! o1 it! o11i,i+*! +n& repre!ent+tie! &one in ,onne,tion -it( re,ruit.ent +n&
p*+,e.ent.
/
"o-eer, -(en +! in t(i! ,+!e t(e re,ruit.ent -+! +,tu+**/ .+&e 0/ E!peno in 0e(+*1 o1 C$T?S(ieC
Intern+tion+*, not t(e pri+te re!pon&ent, +n& t(e n+.e o1 pri+te re!pon&ent -+! on*/ u!e& +! + .e+n! to en+0*e petitioner!
to 0e i!!ue& TEPS 1or tr+e* purpo!e!, o0iou!*/ -it(out t(e Cno-*e&)e +n& ,on!ent o1 pri+te re!pon&ent, t(e *+tter ,+nnot
0e (e*& *i+0*e 1or t(e ,*+i.! o1 petitioner!.
T(e o0!er+tion o1 pu0*i, re!pon&ent t(+t t(e &o,u.ent! u!e& in t(e &ep*o/.ent +0ro+& o1 petitioner! -ere +** 1+Ce +n& t(+t
petitioner! Cne- +0out it i! 0orne 0/ t(e re,or&!. T(e/ &i& not ,o.e to ,ourt -it( ,*e+n (+n&!. T(u!, petitioner! !(ou*& !u11er
t(e ,on!e6uen,e! o1 t(eir -ron)1u* +,t!.
>"EREFORE, t(e petition i! #IS%ISSE# 1or *+,C o1 .erit.
SO OR#ERE#.
Narvasa, Cr#z, 0ri1o"$2#ino and Medialdea, JJ., conc#r.

IRST #IBISION
MG.R. No. 13009=. Au)u!t =, 199:N
J%% PRO%OTION AN# %ANAGE%ENT, INC., +n& EAR' INTERNATIONAL, INC., petitioner, vs. "ON. COURT OF
APPEALS, "ON. %A. NIEBES CONFESSOR, t(en Se,ret+r/ o1 t(e #ep+rt.ent o1 t(e L+0or +n& E.p*o/.ent, "ON. JOSE
$RILLANTES, in (i! ,+p+,it/ +! +,tin) Se,ret+r/ o1 t(e #ep+rt.ent o1 L+0or +n& E.p*o/.ent +n& "ON. FELICISI%O
JOSON, in (i! ,+p+,it/ +! A&.ini!tr+tor o1 t(e P(i*ippine Oer!e+! E.p*o/.ent A&.ini!tr+tion, respondents.
# E C I S I O N
EAPUNAN, J.@
T(e *i.it! o1 )oern.ent re)u*+tion un&er t(e St+te<! Po*i,e Po-er +re on,e +)+in +t t(e orte; o1 t(e in!t+nt ,ontroer!/.
A!!+i*e& i! t(e )oern.ent<! po-er to ,ontro* &ep*o/.ent o1 1e.+*e entert+iner! to J+p+n 0/ re6uirin) +n Arti!t Re,or& $ooC
2AR$5 +! + pre,on&ition to t(e pro,e!!in) 0/ t(e POEA o1 +n/ ,ontr+,t 1or oer!e+! e.p*o/.ent. $/ ,onten&in) t(+t t(e
ri)(t to oer!e+! e.p*o/.ent, i! + propert/ ri)(t -it(in t(e .e+nin) o1 t(e Con!titution, petitioner! i)orou!*/ +er t(+t
&epri+tion t(ereo1 +**e)e&*/ t(rou)( t(e onerou! re6uire.ent o1 +n AR$ io*+te! t(e &ue pro,e!! ,*+u!e +n& ,on!titute! +n
in+*i& e;er,i!e o1 t(e po*i,e po-er.
T(e 1+,tu+* +nte,e&ent! +re un&i!pute&.
Fo**o-in) t(e .u,(9pu0*i,iAe& &e+t( o1 %+ri,ri! Sio!on in 1991, 1or.er Pre!i&ent Cor+Aon C. A6uino or&ere& + tot+* 0+n
+)+in!t t(e &ep*o/.ent o1 per1or.in) +rti!t! to J+p+n +n& ot(er 1orei)n &e!tin+tion!. T(e 0+n -+!, (o-eer, re!,in&e& +1ter
*e+&er! o1 t(e oer!e+! e.p*o/.ent in&u!tr/ pro.i!e& to e;ten& 1u** !upport 1or + pro)r+. +i.e& +t re.oin) CinC! in t(e
!/!te. o1 &ep*o/.ent. In it! p*+,e, t(e )oern.ent, t(rou)( t(e Se,ret+r/ o1 L+0or +n& E.p*o/.ent, !u0!e6uent*/ i!!ue&
#ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 38, ,re+tin) t(e Entert+in.ent In&u!tr/ A&i!or/ Coun,i* 2EIAC5, -(i,( -+! t+!Ce& -it( i!!uin)
)ui&e*ine! on t(e tr+inin), te!tin) ,erti1i,+tion +n& &ep*o/.ent o1 per1or.in) +rti!t! +0ro+&.
Pur!u+nt to t(e EIAC<! re,o..en&+tion!,M1N t(e Se,ret+r/ o1 L+0or, on J+nu+r/ :, 1998, i!!ue& #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 4
e!t+0*i!(in) +riou! pro,e&ure! +n& re6uire.ent! 1or !,reenin) per1or.in) +rti!t! un&er + ne- !/!te. o1 tr+inin), te!tin),
,erti1i,+tion +n& &ep*o/.ent o1 t(e 1or.er. Per1or.in) +rti!t! !u,,e!!1u**/ (ur&*in) t(e te!t, tr+inin) +n& ,erti1i,+tion
re6uire.ent -ere to 0e i!!ue& +n Arti!t<! Re,or& $ooC 2AR$5, + ne,e!!+r/ prere6ui!ite to pro,e!!in) o1 +n/ ,ontr+,t o1
e.p*o/.ent 0/ t(e POEA. Upon re6ue!t o1 t(e in&u!tr/, i.p*e.ent+tion o1 t(e pro,e!!, ori)in+**/ !,(e&u*e& 1or Apri* 1,
1998, -+! .oe& to O,to0er 1, 1998.
T(ere+1ter, t(e #ep+rt.ent o1 L+0or, 1o**o-in) t(e EIAC<! re,o..en&+tion, i!!ue& + !erie! o1 or&er! 1ine9tunin) +n&
i.p*e.entin) t(e ne- !/!te.. Pro.inent +.on) t(e!e or&er! -ere t(e 1o**o-in) i!!u+n,e!@
1. #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 49A, proi&in) 1or +&&ition+* )ui&e*ine! on t(e tr+inin), te!tin), ,erti1i,+tion +n& &ep*o/.ent o1
per1or.in) +rti!t!.
3. #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 49$, pert+inin) to t(e Arti!t Re,or& $ooC 2AR$5 re6uire.ent, -(i,( ,ou*& 0e pro,e!!e& on*/
+1ter t(e +rti!t ,ou*& !(o- proo1 o1 +,+&e.i, +n& !Ci**! tr+inin) +n& (+! p+!!e& t(e re6uire& te!t!.
4. #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 49E, proi&in) t(e .ini.u. !+*+r/ + per1or.in) +rti!t ou)(t to re,eie 2not *e!! t(+n
USG:00.00 1or t(o!e 0oun& 1or J+p+n5 +n& t(e +ut(oriAe& &e&u,tion! t(ere1ro..
8. #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 49F, proi&in) 1or t(e )ui&e*ine! on t(e i!!u+n,e +n& u!e o1 t(e AR$ 0/ returnin) per1or.in)
+rti!t! -(o, un*iCe ne- +rti!t!, !(+** on*/ un&er)o + Spe,i+* Orient+tion Pro)r+. 2!(orter t(+n t(e 0+!i, pro)r+.5 +*t(ou)(
t(e/ .u!t p+!! t(e +,+&e.i, te!t.
In Cii* C+!e No. 9=9737=0, t(e Fe&er+tion o1 Entert+in.ent T+*ent %+n+)er! o1 t(e P(i*ippine! 2FET%OP5, on J+nu+r/ 37,
199= 1i*e& + ,*+!! !uit +!!+i*in) t(e!e &ep+rt.ent or&er!, prin,ip+**/ ,onten&in) t(+t !+i& or&er! 15 io*+te& t(e ,on!titution+*
ri)(t to tr+e*H 35 +0ri&)e& e;i!tin) ,ontr+,t! 1or e.p*o/.entH +n& 45 &eprie& in&ii&u+* +rti!t! o1 t(eir *i,en!e! -it(out &ue
pro,e!! o1 *+-. FET%OP, *iCe-i!e, +erre& t(+t t(e i!!u+n,e o1 t(e Arti!t Re,or& $ooC 2AR$5 -+! &i!,ri.in+tor/ +n& i**e)+*
+n& Fin )ro!! io*+tion o1 t(e ,on!titution+* ri)(t... to *i1e *i0ert/ +n& propert/.F S+i& Fe&er+tion ,on!e6uent*/ pr+/e& 1or t(e
i!!u+n,e o1 + -rit o1 pre*i.in+r/ in7un,tion +)+in!t t(e +1ore!t+te& or&er!.
On Fe0ru+r/ 3, 1993, J%% Pro.otion +n& %+n+)e.ent, In,. +n& E+r/ Intern+tion+*, In,., (erein petitioner!, 1i*e& + %otion
1or Interention in !+i& ,ii* ,+!e, -(i,( -+! )r+nte& 0/ t(e tri+* ,ourt in +n Or&er &+te& 1= Fe0ru+r/, 199=.
"o-eer, on Fe0ru+r/ 31, 199=, t(e tri+* ,ourt i!!ue& +n Or&er &en/in) petitioner!< pr+/er 1or + -rit o1 pre*i.in+r/ in7un,tion
+n& &i!.i!!e& t(e ,o.p*+int.
On +ppe+* 1ro. t(e tri+* ,ourt<! Or&er, re!pon&ent ,ourt, in CA G.R. SP No. 4:714 &i!.i!!e& t(e !+.e. Tr+,in) t(e
,ir,u.!t+n,e! -(i,( *e& to t(e i!!u+n,e o1 t(e AR$ re6uire.ent +n& t(e +!!+i*e& #ep+rt.ent Or&er, re!pon&ent ,ourt
,on,*u&e& t(+t t(e i!!u+n,e! ,on!titute& + +*i& e;er,i!e 0/ t(e !t+te o1 t(e po*i,e po-er.
>e +)ree.
T(e *+tin .+;i. sal#s pop#li est s#prema le! e.0o&ie! t(e ,(+r+,ter o1 t(e entire !pe,tru. o1 pu0*i, *+-! +i.e& +t
pro.otin) t(e )ener+* -e*1+re o1 t(e peop*e un&er t(e St+te<! po*i,e po-er. A! +n in(erent +ttri0ute o1 !oerei)nt/ -(i,(
irtu+**/ Fe;ten&! to +** pu0*i, nee&!,FM3N t(i! F*e+!t *i.it+0*eFM4N o1 )oern.ent+* po-er! )r+nt! + -i&e p+nop*/ o1 in!tru.ent!
t(rou)( -(i,( t(e !t+te, +! parens patriae )ie! e11e,t to + (o!t o1 it! re)u*+tor/ po-er!.
#e!,ri0in) t(e n+ture +n& !,ope o1 t(e po*i,e po-er, Ju!ti,e %+*,o*., in t(e e+r*/ ,+!e o1 )#bi v. Provincial &oard of
MindoroM8N -rote@
FT(e po*i,e po-er o1 t(e St+te,F one ,ourt (+! !+i&...<i! + po-er ,oe;ten!ie -it( !e*19prote,tion, +n& i! not in+pt*/ ter.e&
<t(e *+- o1 oerru*in) ne,e!!it/.< It .+/ 0e !+i& to 0e t(+t in(erent +n& p*en+r/ po-er in t(e !t+te -(i,( en+0*e! it to pro(i0it
+** t(in)! (urt1u* to t(e ,o.1ort, !+1et/ +n& -e*1+re o1 !o,iet/.< C+rrie& on-+r& 0/ t(e ,urrent o1 *e)i!*+ture, t(e 7u&i,i+r/ r+re*/
+tte.pt! to &+. t(e onru!(in) po-er o1 *e)i!*+tie &i!,retion, proi&e& t(e purpo!e! o1 t(e *+- &o not )o 0e/on& t(e )re+t
prin,ip*e! t(+t .e+n !e,urit/ 1or t(e pu0*i, -e*1+re or &o not +r0itr+ri*/ inter1ere -it( t(e ri)(t o1 t(e in&ii&u+*.FM=N
T(u!, po*i,e po-er ,on,ern! )oern.ent en+,t.ent! -(i,( pre,i!e*/ inter1ere -it( per!on+* *i0ert/ or propert/ in or&er to
pro.ote t(e )ener+* -e*1+re or t(e ,o..on )oo&. A! t(e +!!+i*e& #ep+rt.ent Or&er en7o/! + pre!u.e& +*i&it/, it 1o**o-!
t(+t t(e 0ur&en re!t! upon petitioner! to &e.on!tr+te t(+t t(e !+i& or&er, p+rti,u*+r*/, it! AR$ re6uire.ent, &oe! not en(+n,e
t(e pu0*i, -e*1+re or -+! e;er,i!e& +r0itr+ri*/ or unre+!on+0*/.
A t(orou)( reie- o1 t(e 1+,t! +n& ,ir,u.!t+n,e! *e+&in) to t(e i!!u+n,e o1 t(e +!!+i*e& or&er! ,o.pe*! u! to ru*e t(+t t(e
Arti!t Re,or& $ooC re6uire.ent +n& t(e 6ue!tione& #ep+rt.ent Or&er re*+te& to it! i!!u+n,e -ere i!!ue& 0/ t(e Se,ret+r/ o1
L+0or pur!u+nt to + +*i& e;er,i!e o1 t(e po*i,e po-er.
In 1988, t(e P(i*ippine! e.er)e& +! t(e *+r)e!t *+0or !en&in) ,ountr/ in A!i+ &-+r1in) t(e *+0or e;port o1 ,ountrie! -it(
.+..ot( popu*+tion! !u,( +! In&i+ +n& C(in+. A,,or&in) to t(e N+tion+* St+ti!ti,! O11i,e, t(i! diaspora -+! +u).ente&
+nnu+**/ 0/ oer 8=0,000 &o,u.ente& +n& ,*+n&e!tine or i**e)+* 2un&o,u.ente&5 -orCer! -(o *e1t t(e ,ountr/ 1or +riou!
&e!tin+tion! +0ro+&, *ure& 0/ (i)(er !+*+rie!, 0etter -orC opportunitie! +n& !o.eti.e! 0etter *iin) ,on&ition!.
O1 t(e (un&re&! o1 t(ou!+n&! o1 -orCer! -(o *e1t t(e ,ountr/ 1or )reener p+!ture! in t(e *+!t 1e- /e+r!, -o.en ,o.po!e&
!*i)(t*/ ,*o!e to (+*1 o1 t(o!e &ep*o/e&, ,on!titutin) 87D 0et-een 198791991, e;,ee&in) t(i! proportion 2=8D5 0/ t(e en& o1
1991,M:N t(e /e+r 1or.er Pre!i&ent A6uino in!titute& t(e 0+n on &ep*o/.ent o1 per1or.in) +rti!t! to J+p+n +n& ot(er ,ountrie!
+! + re!u*t o1 t(e )rue!o.e &e+t( o1 Fi*ipino entert+iner %+ri,ri! Sio!on.
It -+! &urin) t(e !+.e perio& t(+t t(i! Court tooC 7u&i,i+* noti,e not on*/ o1 t(e tren&, 0ut +*!o o1 t(e 1+,t t(+t .o!t o1 our
-o.en, + *+r)e nu.0er e.p*o/e& +! &o.e!ti, (e*per! +n& entert+iner!, -orCe& un&er e;p*oit+tie ,on&ition! F.+rCe& 0/
p(/!i,+* +n& per!on+* +0u!e.FM7N Een t(en, -e note& t(+t FMtN(e !or&i& t+*e! o1 .+*tre+t.ent !u11ere& 0/ .i)r+nt Fi*ipin+
-orCer!, een r+pe +n& +riou! 1or.! o1 torture, ,on1ir.e& 0/ te!ti.onie! o1 returnin) -orCer!F ,o.pe**e& Fur)ent
)oern.ent +,tion.FM8N
Pur!u+nt to t(e +*+r.in) nu.0er o1 report! t(+t + !i)ni1i,+nt nu.0er o1 Fi*ipin+ per1or.in) +rti!t! en&e& up +! pro!titute!
+0ro+& 2.+n/ o1 -(o. -ere 0e+ten, &ru))e& +n& 1or,e& into pro!titution5, +n& 1o**o-in) t(e &e+t(! o1 + nu.0er o1 t(e!e
-o.en, t(e )oern.ent 0e)+n in!titutin) .e+!ure! +i.e& +t &ep*o/in) on*/ t(o!e in&ii&u+*! -(o .et !et !t+n&+r&! -(i,(
-ou*& 6u+*i1/ t(e. +! *e)iti.+te per1or.in) +rti!t!. In !pite o1 t(e!e .e+!ure!, (o-eer, + nu.0er o1 our ,ountr/.en (+e
nonet(e*e!! 1+**en i,ti. to un!,rupu*ou! re,ruiter!, en&in) up +! irtu+* !*+e! ,ontro**e& 0/ 1orei)n ,ri.e !/n&i,+te! +n&
1or,e& into 7o0! ot(er t(+n t(o!e in&i,+te& in t(eir e.p*o/.ent ,ontr+,t!. >or!e, !o.e o1 our -o.en (+e 0een 1or,e& into
pro!titution.
T(u!, +1ter + nu.0er o1 in+&e6u+te +n& 1+i*e& +,,re&it+tion !,(e.e!, t(e Se,ret+r/ o1 L+0or i!!ue& on Au)u!t 1:, 1994,
#.O. No. 38, e!t+0*i!(in) t(e Entert+in.ent In&u!tr/ A&i!or/ Coun,i* 2EIAC5, t(e po*i,/ +&i!or/ 0o&/ o1 #OLE on
entert+in.ent in&u!tr/ .+tter!.M9N A,tin) on t(e re,o..en&+tion! o1 t(e !+i& 0o&/, t(e Se,ret+r/ o1 L+0or, on J+nu+r/ :,
1998, i!!ue& t(e +!!+i*e& or&er!. T(e!e or&er! e.0o&ie& EIAC<! Re!o*ution No. 1, -(i,( ,+**e& 1or )ui&e*ine! on !,reenin),
te!tin) +n& +,,re&itin) per1or.in) oer!e+! Fi*ipino +rti!t!. Si)ni1i,+nt*/, +! t(e re!pon&ent ,ourt note&, petitioner! -ere
&u*/ repre!ente& in t(e EIAC,M10N -(i,( )+e t(e re,o..en&+tion! on -(i,( t(e AR$ +n& ot(er re6uire.ent! -ere 0+!e&.
C*e+r*/, t(e -e*1+re o1 Fi*ipino per1or.in) +rti!t!, p+rti,u*+r*/ t(e -o.en -+! p+r+.ount in t(e i!!u+n,e o1 #ep+rt.ent Or&er
No. 4. S(ort o1 + tot+* +n& +0!o*ute 0+n +)+in!t t(e &ep*o/.ent o1 per1or.in) +rti!t! to F(i)( ri!CF &e!tin+tion!, + .e+!ure
-(i,( -ou*& on*/ &rie re,ruit.ent 1urt(er un&er)roun&, t(e ne- !,(e.e +t t(e er/ *e+!t r+tion+*iAe! t(e .et(o& o1
!,reenin) per1or.in) +rti!t! 0/ re6uirin) re+!on+0*e e&u,+tion+* +n& +rti!ti, !Ci**! 1ro. t(e. +n& *i.it! &ep*o/.ent to on*/
t(o!e in&ii&u+*! +&e6u+te*/ prep+re& 1or t(e unpre&i,t+0*e &e.+n&! o1 e.p*o/.ent +! +rti!t! +0ro+&. It ,+nnot 0e )+in!+i&
t(+t t(i! !,(e.e +t *e+!t *e!!en! t(e roo. 1or e;p*oit+tion 0/ un!,rupu*ou! in&ii&u+*! +n& +)en,ie!.
%oreoer, (ere or +0ro+&, !e*e,tion o1 per1or.in) +rti!t! i! u!u+**/ +,,o.p*i!(e& 0/ +u&ition!, -(ere t(o!e &ee.e& un1it +re
u!u+**/ -ee&e& out t(rou)( + pro,e!! -(i,( i! in(erent*/ !u07e,tie +n& u*ner+0*e to 0i+! +n& &i11eren,e! in t+!te. T(e
AR$ re6uire.ent )oe! one !tep 1urt(er, (o-eer, +tte.ptin) to .ini.iAe t(e !u07e,tiit/ o1 t(e pro,e!! 0/ &e1inin) t(e
.ini.u. !Ci**! re6uire& 1ro. entert+iner! +n& per1or.in) +rti!t!. A! t(e So*i,itor Gener+* o0!ere&, t(i! !(ou*& 0e e+!i*/
.et 0/ e;perien,e& +rti!t! po!!e!!in) .ere*/ 0+!i, !Ci**!. T(e te!t! +re +i.e& +t !e)re)+tin) re+* +rti!t! or per1or.er! 1ro.
t(o!e p+!!in) t(e.!e*e! o11 +! !u,(, e+)er to +,,ept +n/ ++i*+0*e 7o0 +n& t(ere1ore e;po!in) t(e.!e*e! to po!!i0*e
e;p*oit+tion.
A! to t(e ot(er proi!ion! o1 #ep+rt.ent Or&er No. 4 6ue!tione& 0/ petitioner!, -e !ee not(in) -ron) -it( t(e re6uire.ent
1or &o,u.ent +n& 0ooCin) ,on1ir.+tion 2#.O. 49C5, + .ini.u. !+*+r/ !,+*e 2#.O. 49E5, or t(e re6uire.ent 1or re)i!tr+tion o1
returnin) per1or.er!. T(e re6uire.ent 1or + enue ,erti1i,+te or ot(er &o,u.ent! ei&en,in) t(e p*+,e +n& n+ture o1 -orC
+**o-! t(e )oern.ent ,*o!er .onitorin) o1 1orei)n e.p*o/er! +n& (e*p! Ceep our entert+iner! +-+/ 1ro. pro!titution 1ront!
+n& ot(er -orC!ite! +!!o,i+te& -it( un!+or/, i..or+*, i**e)+* or e;p*oit+tie pr+,ti,e!. P+rent(eti,+**/, none o1 t(e!e
i!!u+n,e! +ppe+r to u!, 0/ +n/ !tret,( o1 t(e i.+)in+tion, een re.ote*/ unre+!on+0*e or +r0itr+r/. T(e/ +&&re!! + 1e*t nee&
o1 +,,or&in) )re+ter prote,tion 1or +n o1t9e;p*oite& !e).ent o1 our OC><!. T(e/ re!pon& to t(e in&u!tr/<! &e.+n& 1or ,*e+rer
+n& .ore pr+,ti,+0*e ru*e! +n& )ui&e*ine!. %+n/ o1 t(e!e proi!ion! -ere 1*e!(e& out 1o**o-in) re,o..en&+tion! 0/, +n&
+1ter ,on!u*t+tion! -it(, t(e +11e,te& !e,tor! +n& non9)oern.ent or)+niA+tion!. On t(e -(o*e, t(e/ +re +i.e& +t en(+n,in)
t(e !+1et/ +n& !e,urit/ o1 entert+iner! +n& +rti!t! 0oun& 1or J+p+n +n& ot(er &e!tin+tion!, -it(out !ti1*in) t(e in&u!tr/<!
,on,ern! 1or e;p+n!ion +n& )ro-t(.
In +n/ eent, +p+rt 1ro. t(e St+te<! po*i,e po-er, t(e Con!titution it!e*1 .+n&+te! )oern.ent to e;ten& t(e 1u**e!t prote,tion
to our oer!e+! -orCer!. T(e 0+!i, ,on!titution+* !t+te.ent on *+0or, e.0o&ie& in Se,tion 18 o1 Arti,*e II o1 t(e Con!titution
proi&e!@
Se,. 18. T(e St+te +11ir.! *+0or +! + pri.+r/ !o,i+* e,ono.i, 1or,e. It !(+** prote,t t(e ri)(t! o1 -orCer! +n& pro.ote t(eir
-e*1+re.
%ore e.p(+ti,+**/, t(e !o,i+* 7u!ti,e proi!ion on *+0or o1 t(e 1987 Con!titution in it! 1ir!t p+r+)r+p( !t+te!@
T(e St+te !(+** +11or& 1u** prote,tion to *+0or, *o,+* +n& oer!e+!, or)+niAe& +n& unor)+niAe& +n& pro.ote 1u** e.p*o/.ent
+n& e6u+*it/ o1 e.p*o/.ent opportunitie! 1or +**.
O0iou!*/, prote,tion to *+0or &oe! not in&i,+te pro.otion o1 e.p*o/.ent +*one. Un&er t(e -e*1+re +n& !o,i+* 7u!ti,e
proi!ion! o1 t(e Con!titution, t(e pro.otion o1 1u** e.p*o/.ent, -(i*e &e!ir+0*e, ,+nnot t+Ce + 0+,C!e+t to t(e )oern.ent<!
,on!titution+* &ut/ to proi&e .e,(+ni!.! 1or t(e prote,tion o1 our -orC1or,e, *o,+* or oer!e+!. A! t(i! Court e;p*+ine& in
Philippine $ssociation of /ervice 3!porters 4P$/3(5 v. Drilon,M11N in re1eren,e to t(e re,urrin) pro0*e.! 1+,e& 0/ our
oer!e+! -orCer!@
>(+t ,on,ern! t(e Con!titution .ore p+r+.ount*/ i! t(+t !u,( +n e.p*o/.ent 0e +0oe +**, &e,ent, 7u!t, +n& (u.+ne. It i!
0+& enou)( t(+t t(e ,ountr/ (+! to !en& it! !on! +n& &+u)(ter! to !tr+n)e *+n&! 0e,+u!e it ,+nnot !+ti!1/ t(eir e.p*o/.ent
nee&! +t (o.e. Un&er t(e!e ,ir,u.!t+n,e!, t(e Goern.ent i! &ut/90oun& to in!ure t(+t our toi*in) e;p+tri+te! (+e
+&e6u+te prote,tion, per!on+**/ +n& e,ono.i,+**/, -(i*e +-+/ 1ro. (o.e.
>e no- )o to petitioner!< +!!ertion t(+t t(e po*i,e po-er ,+nnot, neert(e*e!!, +0ri&)e t(e ri)(t o1 our per1or.in) -orCer! to
return to -orC +0ro+& +1ter (+in) e+r*ier 6u+*i1ie& un&er t(e o*& pro,e!!, 0e,+u!e, (+in) preiou!*/ 0een +,,re&ite&, t(eir
+,,re&it+tion 0e,+.e + propert/ ri)(t,F prote,te& 0/ t(e &ue pro,e!! ,*+u!e. >e 1in& t(i! ,ontention unten+0*e.
A pro1e!!ion, tr+&e or ,+**in) i! + propert/ ri)(t -it(in t(e .e+nin) o1 our ,on!titution+* )u+r+ntee!. One ,+nnot 0e &eprie&
o1 t(e ri)(t to -orC +n& t(e ri)(t to .+Ce + *iin) 0e,+u!e t(e!e ri)(t! +re propert/ ri)(t!, t(e +r0itr+r/ +n& un-+rr+nte&
&epri+tion o1 -(i,( nor.+**/ ,on!titute! +n +,tion+0*e -ron).M13N
Neert(e*e!!, no ri)(t i! +0!o*ute, +n& t(e proper re)u*+tion o1 + pro1e!!ion, ,+**in), 0u!ine!! or tr+&e (+! +*-+/! 0een
up(e*& +! + *e)iti.+te !u07e,t o1 + +*i& e;er,i!e o1 t(e po*i,e po-er 0/ t(e !t+te p+rti,u*+r*/ -(en t(eir ,on&u,t +11e,t! eit(er
t(e e;e,ution o1 *e)iti.+te )oern.ent+* 1un,tion!, t(e pre!er+tion o1 t(e St+te, t(e pu0*i, (e+*t( +n& -e*1+re +n& pu0*i,
.or+*!. A,,or&in) to t(e .+;i., sic #tere t#o #t alien#m non laedas, it .u!t o1 ,our!e 0e -it(in t(e *e)iti.+te r+n)e o1
*e)i!*+tie +,tion to &e1ine t(e .o&e +n& .+nner in -(i,( eer/ one .+/ !o u!e (i! o-n propert/ !o +! not to po!e in7ur/ to
(i.!e*1 or ot(er!.M14N
In +n/ ,+!e, -(ere t(e *i0ert/ ,urt+i*e& +11e,t! +t .o!t t(e ri)(t! o1 propert/, t(e per.i!!i0*e !,ope o1 re)u*+tor/ .e+!ure! i!
,ert+in*/ .u,( -i&er.M18N To preten& t(+t *i,en!in) or +,,re&it+tion re6uire.ent! io*+te! t(e &ue pro,e!! ,*+u!e i! to i)nore
t(e !ett*e& pr+,ti,e, un&er t(e .+nt*e o1 t(e po*i,e po-er, o1 re)u*+tin) entr/ to t(e pr+,ti,e o1 +riou! tr+&e! or pro1e!!ion!.
Pro1e!!ion+*! *e+in) 1or +0ro+& +re re6uire& to p+!! ri)i& -ritten +n& pr+,ti,+* e;+.! 0e1ore t(e/ +re &ee.e& 1it to pr+,ti,e
t(eir tr+&e. Se+.en +re re6uire& to t+Ce te!t! &eter.inin) t(eir !e+.+n!(ip. Lo,+**/, t(e Pro1e!!ion+* Re)u*+tion
Co..i!!ion (+! 0e)+n to re6uire preiou!*/ *i,en!e& &o,tor! +n& ot(er pro1e!!ion+*! to 1urni!( &o,u.ent+r/ proo1 t(+t t(e/
(+& eit(er re9tr+ine& or (+& un&ert+Cen ,ontinuin) e&u,+tion ,our!e! +! + re6uire.ent 1or rene-+* o1 t(eir *i,en!e!. It i! not
,*+i.e& t(+t t(e!e re6uire.ent! po!e +n un-+rr+nte& &epri+tion o1 + propert/ ri)(t un&er t(e &ue pro,e!! ,*+u!e. So *on)
+! Pro1e!!ion+*! +n& ot(er -orCer! .eet re+!on+0*e re)u*+tor/ !t+n&+r&! no !u,( &epri+tion e;i!t!.
Fin+**/, it i! + 1uti*e )e!ture on t(e p+rt o1 petitioner! to inoCe t(e non9i.p+ir.ent ,*+u!e o1 t(e Con!titution to !upport t(eir
+r)u.ent t(+t t(e )oern.ent ,+nnot en+,t t(e +!!+i*e& re)u*+tor/ .e+!ure! 0e,+u!e t(e/ +0ri&)e t(e 1ree&o. to ,ontr+,t.
In Philippine $ssociation of /ervice 3!porters, (nc. vs. Drilon, -e (e*& t(+t FMtN(e non9i.p+ir.ent ,*+u!e o1 t(e Con!titution...
.u!t /ie*& to t(e *o1tier purpo!e! t+r)ete& 0/ t(e )oern.ent.FM1=N E6u+**/ i.port+nt, into eer/ ,ontr+,t i! re+& proi!ion! o1
e;i!tin) *+-, +n& +*-+/!, + re!er+tion o1 t(e po*i,e po-er 1or !o *on) +! t(e +)ree.ent &e+*! -it( + !u07e,t i.pre!!e& -it(
t(e pu0*i, -e*1+re.
A *+!t point. Petitioner! !u))e!t t(+t t(e !in)*in) out o1 entert+iner! +n& per1or.in) +rti!t! un&er t(e +!!+i*e& &ep+rt.ent
or&er! ,on!titute! ,*+!! *e)i!*+tion -(i,( io*+te! t(e e6u+* prote,tion ,*+u!e o1 t(e Con!titution. >e &o not +)ree.
T(e e6u+* prote,tion ,*+u!e i! &ire,te& prin,ip+**/ +)+in!t un&ue 1+or +n& in&ii&u+* or ,*+!! prii*e)e. It i! not inten&e& to
pro(i0it *e)i!*+tion -(i,( i! *i.ite& to t(e o07e,t to -(i,( it i! &ire,te& or 0/ t(e territor/ in -(i,( it i! to oper+te. It &oe! not
re6uire +0!o*ute e6u+*it/, 0ut .ere*/ t(+t +** per!on! 0e tre+te& +*iCe un&er *iCe ,on&ition! 0ot( +! to prii*e)e! ,on1erre& +n&
*i+0i*itie! i.po!e&.M1:N >e (+e (e*&, ti.e +n& +)+in, t(+t t(e e6u+* prote,tion ,*+u!e o1 t(e Con!titution &oe! not 1or0i&
,*+!!i1i,+tion 1or !o *on) +! !u,( ,*+!!i1i,+tion i! 0+!e& on re+* +n& !u0!t+nti+* &i11eren,e! (+in) + re+!on+0*e re*+tion to
t(e !u07e,t o1 t(e p+rti,u*+r *e)i!*+tion.M17N I1 ,*+!!i1i,+tion i! )er.+ne to t(e purpo!e o1 t(e *+-, ,on,ern! +** .e.0er! o1 t(e
,*+!!, +n& +pp*ie! e6u+**/ to pre!ent +n& 1uture ,on&ition!, t(e ,*+!!i1i,+tion &oe! not io*+te t(e e6u+* prote,tion )u+r+ntee.
In t(e ,+!e +t 0+r, t(e ,(+**en)e& #ep+rt.ent Or&er ,*e+r*/ +pp*ie! to +** per1or.in) +rti!t! +n& entert+iner! &e!tine& 1or 7o0!
+0ro+&. T(e!e or&er!, -e !tre!!e& (erein0e1ore, 1urt(er t(e Con!titution+* .+n&+te re6uirin) Goern.ent to prote,t our
-orC1or,e, p+rti,u*+r*/ t(o!e -(o .+/ 0e prone to +0u!e +n& e;p*oit+tion +! t(e/ +re 0e/on& t(e p(/!i,+* re+,( o1
)oern.ent re)u*+tor/ +)en,ie!. T(e tr+)i, in,i&ent! .u!t !o.e(o- !top, 0ut !(ort o1 +0!o*ute*/ ,urt+i*in) t(e ri)(t o1 t(e!e
per1or.er! +n& entert+iner! to -orC +0ro+&, t(e +!!+i*e& .e+!ure! en+0*e our )oern.ent to +!!u.e + .e+!ure o1 ,ontro*.
6(EREFORE, 1in&in) no reer!i0*e error in t(e &e,i!ion !ou)(t to 0e reie-e&, petition i! (ere0/ #ENIE#.
SO OR#ERE#.
P+&i**+ 2C(+ir.+n5, $e**o!i**o, Bitu), +n& "er.o!i!i.+, Jr., JJ., ,on,ur.
i

i
ii
iii
i;
;
;i
;ii