30

1 (a) y = 15x(3 x)
= 45x 15x
2
dy
dx

= 45 30x
When
dy
dx
= 0,
45 30x = 0
x = 1.5
(b) When x = 1.5, y = 15(1.5)(3 1.5) = 33.75
d
2
y
dx
2

= 30 (negative)
Therefore, y is a maximum.
2
y
x


dy
dx
y
dy
dx
x
= (2x + 3) (2.01 2)
= (2 2 + 3) 0.01
= 0.07
3 y = 3x
3
(2x 1)
3
Let u = 3x
3
and v = (2x 1)
3
du
dx

= 9x
2

dv
dx

= 3(2x 1)
2
(2)
= 6(2x 1)
2

dy
dx
= u
dv
dx
+ v
du
dx
= 3x
3
[6(2x 1)
2
] + (2x 1)
3
(9x
2
)
= 18x
3
(2x 1)
2
+ 9x
2
(2x 1)
3
= 9x
2
(2x 1)
2
[2x + (2x 1)]
= 9x
2
(2x 1)
2
(4x 1)
4 y = 4x +
4
x
= 4x + 4x
1
dy
dx
= 4 4x
2
= 4
4
x
2

dx
dy

=

1
dy
dx

=

1

4
4
x
2

Rate of change of x:

dx
dt
=
dx
dy

dy
dt
=

1

4
4
x
2

2
=

1

4
4
3
2

2
=
9
16
units s
1
5 g(x) =
1
6(3x 4)
2
=
1
6

(3x 4)
2
g(x) =
2
6
(3x 4)
3
(3)
= (3x 4)
3
g(x) = 3(3x 4)
4
(3)
= 9(3x 4)
4
=
9
(3x 4)
4

g

1
3

=

9

3
1
3
4

4

=
1
9
6 V =
1
3
h
2
(21 h)
= 7h
2

1
3
h
3

dV
dh
= 14h h
2

dh
dV
=
1
14h h
2
Form 4: Chapter 9 (Differentiation)
SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 1
Rate of change of
y = 2 units
31
Rate of change of depth of water
=
dh
dt
=
dh
dV

dV
dt
=
1
14h h
2
9
=
1
14(3) (3)
2
9
=
3
11
cm s
1
7 y = (x + 3)
2
= x
2
+ 6x + 9
dy
dx
= 2x + 6
If the gradient of the normal is
1
6
, then the
gradient of the tangent is 6.

dy
dx
= 6
2x + 6 = 6
x = 0
When x = 0, y = (0 + 3)
2
= 9
Hence, the coordinates of point Q are (0, 9).
8 y =
1
3
u
6
=
1
3
(3x 6)
6

dy
dx
=
6
3
(3x 6)
5
(3)
= 6(3x 6)
5
9 (a) y = 3 + 14x 2x
3
dy
dx
= 14 6x
2
When x = 2,
dy
dx
= 14 6(2)
2
= 10
(b) y
dy
dx
x
= (10) [(2 + k) 2]
= 10k
10 Gradient = 4

dy
dx
= 4
2kx + 7 = 4
2k(1) + 7 = 4
2k = 3
k = 1
1
2
11 y = x
2
+ 16x 48
dy
dx
= 2x + 16
At a maximum point,

dy
dx
= 0
2x + 16 = 0
2k + 16 = 0
k = 8
12 y =
9
x
2
= 9x
2

dy
dx
= 18x
3
=
18
x
3

y
x


dy
dx
y
dy
dx
x

=
18
x
3
(u)

=
18
3
3
(u)
=
2
3
u
13 The normal to the curve y = x
2
7x at point L is
parallel to the straight line y = x 10.
L
y = x 10
y = x
2
7x
m (normal) = 1
m (tangent) =
1
(1)
= 1

dy
dx
= 1
2x 7 = 1
x = 4
When x = 4, y = 4
2
7(4) = 12
Hence, the equation of the normal at the point
L(4, 12) is
y (12) = 1(x 4)
y + 12 = x + 4
y = x 8
32
1
0.7 m
0.5 m
r m
h m
Using the concept of similar triangles,

r
0.5
=
h
0.7
r =
h
0.7
0.5
=
5
7

h
V =
1
3

r
2
h
=
1
3

5
7
h

2
h
=
25
147
h
3

dV
dh
=
25
147

(3h
2
)

dV
dh
=
25
49

h
2

dh
dV
=
49
25h
2
Rate of change of the height of the water level:

dh
dt
=
dh
dV

dV
dt

dh
dt
=
49
25h
2
0.1
14 (a) h9 (x) = 3kx
2
6x + 4
(b) h(x) = 6kx 6
When h(1) = 5,
6k(1) 6 = 5
k =
11
6
15 y = x
2
(3 + px)
y = 3x
2
+ px
3

dy
dx
= 6x + 3px
2
Gradient = 8 when x = 2:
6(2) + 3p(2)
2
= 8
12 + 12p = 8
12p = 20
p =
5
3
Paper 2

dh
dt
=
49
25(0.3)
2
0.1

dh
dt
=
49
25(3.142)(0.3)
2
0.1
= 0.6931 m s
1
2 y = 2x
3
3x
2
12x + 11

dy
dx
= 6x
2
6x 12

d
2
y
dx
2
= 12x 6
(a) At turning point,

dy
dx
= 0
6x
2
6x 12 = 0
x
2
x 2 = 0
(x + 1)(x 2) = 0
x = 1 or 2
When x = 1,
y = 2(1)
3
3(1)
2
12(1) + 11
= 18
(1, 18) is a turning point.
When x = 1,
d
2
y
dx
2
= 12(1) 6 = 18 (negative)
(1, 18) is a maximum point.
When x = 2,
y = 2(2)
3
3(2)
2
12(2) + 11
= 9
(2, 9) is a turning point.
When x = 2,
d
2
y
dx
2
= 12(2) 6 = 18 (positive)
(2, 9) is a minimum point.
Rate of increase of the volume of water:
dV
dt
= 0.1 m
3
s
1
33
(b) At point (3, 2),
dy
dx
= 6(3)
2
6(3) 12
= 24
m
tangent
= 24
m
normal
=
1
24
The equation of normal is
y 2 =
1
24
(x 3)
24(y 2) = (x 3)
24y 48 = x + 3
24y = x + 51
At the x-axis, y = 0.
24(0) = x + 51
x = 51
P is point (51, 0).
3 (a)
dy
dx
= 3x
2
18x + 24
Gradient at A(3, 3)
= 3(3)
2
18(3) + 24
= 3
(b) Gradient of normal at A =
1
3
Equation of normal at A is
y 3 =
1
3

(x 3)
3y 9 = x 3
3y = x + 6
(c) At turning points,

dy
dx
= 0
3x
2
18x + 24 = 0
x
2
6x + 8 = 0
(x 2)(x 4) = 0
x = 2 or 4
x = 2 is not accepted.
x = 4
When x = 4,
y = 4
3
9(4)
2
+ 24(4) 15
= 1
The coordinates of point Q are (4, 1).

d
2
y
dx
2

= 6x 18
When x = 4,

d
2
y
dx
2

= 6(4) 18 = 6 (positive)
Hence, Q is a minimum point.