Question: 3.

16
Step (1): find the centroid of the foundation.
Subdivide the foundation into three parts:
(a ) A1 (15 2.5) 2.5 31.25m 2
x1 (15 2.5) / 2 6.25m, y1 2.5 / 2 1.25m
(b) A2 1 / 2 (15 2.5 3.75) (10 2.5 5) 10.9375m 2
x2 3.75 2 / 3 (15 2.5 3.75) 9.583m,
y2 2.5 (10 2.5 5) / 3 3.333m
(c) A3 10 2.5 25m 2
x3 15 2.5 / 2 13.75m, y3 10 / 2 5m

Centroid of the foundation:

x

A1 x1 A2 x2 A3 x3
9.58m
A1 A3 A3

A1 y1 A2 y 2 A3 y3
2.98m
A1 A3 A3

A3

A2
A1

Step(2):Scale and plot the foundation on a Newmarks chart.

Then center of the Newmarks chart is the point below which
the stress is required, i.e. the centroid of the foundation. The
radius of the circles is shown in the table: ( z 5m )
z / q s

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

r/z

r (m)

0.2697

0.4004

0.5181

0.6369

0.7664

0.9176

1.1097

1.3870

1.9082

1.3487

2.0024

2.5905

3.1848

3.8321

4.5880

5.5485

6.9354

9.5414

Depth scale

Step(3):Count the number of segments covered by the

foundation.

N s 92

Step(4):Calculate the vertical stress increase:

z Ns

z
92 200 / 10 / 20 92kPa
20

Question: 17.6handout
1) For point P on ground surface,

Elevation head:
Total head:

Pressure head:

hzP 1.2m

h pP 0m

H P h pP h zP 1.2m

Point Q on the interface between soil A and B.

For point R on the interface between soil B and C,
Elevation head:
Total head:
Since

Pressure head:

h zR 7.5m

h pR 3.9m

H R h pR hzR 3.6m

H P H R ,water

will flow downward.

2) Seepage velocity would be same for soil A and B because of

mass conservation.
Flow velocity:
iA

HP HQ
LA

v A k A i A v B k B i B vC .

1.2 H Q

iB

4.2

HQ H R
LB

H Q 3.6
4.5

(Eq.1)
(Eq.2)

L A 4.2m, LB 4.5m
From equation 1, 2, we have:

iA 0.364, iB 0.727, iC 0.182

v A vB vC 0.364cm / s

For point Q, Total head

Elevation head:
For point S with

H Q 0.327 m

h zQ 3m

h zS 9m ,

H S H R iC LC 3.873m

3) Seepage velocity:

vs

v
n

Pressure head:

we have:
h pS 5.127 m

h pQ 2.673m

self weight

Gs e
G / w
w n s
1 e
Gs 1

4) Pore pressure:
Total stress:

p w gh p

z i hi

Effective vertical stress:

z' z p

5) The result is listed in the table:

Elevation

Pressure

Pore pressure Total Stress Vertical Effective

(m)

head(m)

(kPa)

(kPa)

stress (kPa)

1.2

-3

2.673

26.20

82.488

56.288

-7.5

3.9

38.22

167.313

129.093

-9

5.127m

50.24

197.943

147.703

Porosity

Seepage velocity (cm/s)

Soil A

0.426239

0.853981

Soil B

0.472303

0.770691

Soil C

0.380758

0.955988

Seepage force on a 0.3m3 with center elevation -4.5m:

F jV iB wV 0.727 9.8 0.3 2.137 kN

Pressure Head (m)

1.2
0.0

-3.0

-6.0

-9.0

(m)

1.0 m

Pressure (kPa)

Vertical Effective Stress (kPa)

10.0kPa

10.0kPa

Seepage Velocity (cm/s)

0.5cm/s