TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER
NO.
TITLE PAGE
NO.
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Channel State Information 3
1.3 Problem Definition 5
2 Literature survey 6
2.1 Node Prediction Adhoc On Demand Routing 6
2.2 Link Prediction Based Routing Protocol 7
2.3 Link Stability and Connectivity 7
2.4 Link Stability with Dynamic Delay Prediction 7
2.5 Load Balancing with AOMDV 8
2.6 Adaptive on demand Routing Protocol 8
2.7 Manet adaptive Load Balancing 9
2.8 Congestion Adaptive Routing Protocol 9
2.9 Congestion Adaptive Routing Protocol 10
2.10 AOMDV-APLP 10
2.11 Alternate Path Routing 11
2.12 Load Sensitive Routing Protocol 12
2.13 Energy Consumption Load Balancing 13
2.14 Traffic Size Aware Routing
2.15 Distributed Load Balancing Routing
2.16 Ant Colony Optimisation Algorithm
12
14
14
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM 16
3.1 Proposal 16
3.2 Proposed System Architecture 17
3.3 System Architecture Description 17
3.3.1 Finding Multiple Paths 17
3.3.1.1 Conditions for Loop Freedom 18
3.3.1.2 Disjoint Paths 18
3.3.2 Finding Channel Characteristics 19
3.3.3 Calculation of Available Bandwidth 20
3.3.4 Prioritising the application 20
3.3.5 Load Estimation 22
3.3.6 Traffic Load Distribution 22
4 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS 23
4.1 NS Overview 23
4.2 Basic Architecture 23
4.3 Main NS2 Simulation Steps 24
4.4 Network Animation(NAM) Trace
4.5 Architecture Of a Node
25
26
4.6 Routing Table 28
4.6.1 Route Update Algorithm
4.6.2 Description
29
30
4.7 Finding Channel Characteristics 31
4.7.1 Average Non Fading Duration 31
4.7.1.1 Calculation Of ANFD 31
4.7.2 Average Fading Duration 31
4.7.2.1 Calculation of AFD 31
4.7.3 To Find Signal Strength 32
4.7.4 To Find Distance 32
4.7.5 To Find Node Position 32
4.7.6 To Find Speed 33
4.7.7 Selection Of Optimal Channel
4.8 Handoff Mechanism
27
38



5
4.8.1 Handoff Table
4.8.2 Forwarding HREQ
4.9 Simulation Results
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
5.1 Conclusion
5.2 Future Works
REFERENCES
39
40
43
46
46
46
47