awmfveS af &; 'Da&jrifEh iS hf ywfoufI

wwd,t}udraf jrmuf jynfv;kH u|wfueG *f &uf obmywdtzG@J rS

jyefvnf&iS ;f jycsuf
(1)
wwd,t}udraf jrmuf jynfv;kH u|wyf gwu
D eG *f &ufrS wcJeuftwnfjyKvku
d o
f nfh ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kad umfrwD.
Ekid if aH &;tpD&ifcpH mwGif rsuaf rSmufawmfveS af &; tajctaeukd atmufygtwkid ;f tuJjzwfcahJ yonf?
vuf&u
dS mv[m ay:aygucf +hJ yD;jzpfwhJ 48-49 awmfveS af &; 'Da&jrifh eJ@ tem*wfumvwGif vH;k 0jzpfay:vmr,fh
awmfveS af &; 'Da&jrifw
h @dk t=um;rSm a&muf&adS ewJu
h mv jzpfw,f
wzef tem*wfwiG f jzpfay:vmrnfh awmfveS af &; 'Da&jrif@EiS hf ywfoufIvnf; atmufygtwkid ;f wifjycJah yonf?
tem*wfumvwGif jzpfay:vmr,fh awmfveS af &;'Da&jrif[
h m b,fae@b,f&uf b,fenf;b,fykH
ay:vmr,fqw
dk mukad wmh wxpfcsrajymEkid af omfvnf;bJ {uefrck sjzpfay:vmr,fqw
dk mukad wmh wxpfcsajymEkid yf gw,f?
ta=umif;uawmh &efo}l uD; 3 OD;ukd uk,
d pf m;jyKaewJh rqv wygwt
D m%m&Sipf epfudk usio
hf ;kH aewJh ppftpk;d &uwzuf
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uk,
d pf m;vnfrsm;onf 'Da&jrifo
h pfjy\emukd bufaygi;f pHrk S tjyeftvSet
f a=utvnf aqG;aEG;cJ=h u+yD; tpD&ifcpH myg
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f nf; vufct
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(2)
awmfveS af &;'Da&jrifh (awmfveS af &;tHk ur_}uD;wck) jzpfay:vmapzk@d qv
dk #if ta=umif;tcsuf 2 ck &S&d rnfjzpfonf? yxr
ta=umif;tcsurf mS yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm;jzpf+yD; 'kw,
d rSm twWbm0ta=umif;tcsurf sm;yif jzpfayonf?
Tta=umif;tcsuf 2 ck r&Syd gu awmfveS af &;'Da&jrifo
h nf rnfo@dk r# jzpfay:vmrnf r[kwaf y?
yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm;ukd vlw@dk . pdwq
f ENt& zefw;D Ir&ay? ok@d aomf
twWbm0ta=umif;tcsurf sm;uku
d m; zefw;D I &ayonf?
uGejf rLepfrsm;onf twWbm0ta=umif;tcsurf sm; (wenf;tm;jzif)h twWbm0 tiftm;rsm;ukd }udK;pm;tm;xkwf
zefw;D =u&ayrnf? yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm; rnfr#yif &Sad eygap rdrw
d @kd . twWbm0tiftm; csnehf @J aeygu ok@d r[kwf
rjynfrh pHjk zpfaeygu awmfveS af &;tHk ur_}uD; jzpfvmatmif wGe;f aqmfjcif;/ zefw;D jcif;jyKEkid rf nf r[kwaf cs? xk@d a=umifh yuwdbm0
ta=umif;tcsurf sm;ukd toH;k csum rdrw
d @kd . twWbm0tiftm;rsm;ukd jynfph v
kH aHk vmufatmif rjzpfrae }udK;pm;=u&rnfjzpfonf?
ok@d aomf yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm; r&Sv
d #irf u
l m; awmfveS af &;tHk ur_}uD;onf rnfo@dk r# ay:ayguv
f mEkid rf nf
r[kwaf cs? yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsurf sm; &Sjd cif;r&Sjd cif;onf awmfveS af &;tHk ur_}uD;ukd zefw;D Ekid f rzefw;D Ekid q
f o
dk nfudk
tqH;k tjzwfay;onfh t&if;cHtusq;kH ta=umif;tcsuyf if jzpfonf?
ArmjynfawmfveS af &;wGif Tt&if;cHtusq;kH ta=umif;tcsujf zpfaom yuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsuo
f nf
apmpGmuwnf;uyif wnf&adS e+yD;jzpfonf? ,ckxv
d nf; Tyuwdbm0 ta=umif;tcsuf ajymif;vJomG ;jcif;r&Sb
d J
qufvufwnf&adS eqJ jzpfayonf? ArmjynfawmfveS af &;ukd jzpfay:aponfh t&if;cHydyuQrsm;onf ajy&Si;f roGm;Hrk u ykI
d ykI
d yif
onf;oefjyif;xefvsuf &Sad eayonf?
,ae@u|eaf wmfw@dk ygw.
D wm0efrmS &S+d yD;jzpfaom twWbm0tiftm;rsm;ukd ykrd adk umif;rGef }uD;xGm;atmif
wnfaqmufjcif;ESihf r&Sad om tiftm;rsm;ukd &Sv
d matmif jyKpkysKd ;axmifum wpwpwk;d wufz@HG +zdK;vmatmif }udK;yrf;jcif;wk@d yif
jzpfonf?
(3)
TwGif ArmjynfawmfveS af &;vufawG@twGi;f rS tcdik t
f rm om"ursm;ukd wifjyvkad yonf?
'kw,
d urBmppf}uD;+yD;I wESpt
f =umumvjzpfonfh 1946 ckEpS w
f iG f Armjynforkid ;f rSm r}uHKbl;ao;aom
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h nfrmS
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f jzpf Oya'wGi;f &yfwnfae&csed f jzpfayonf? umvoufwrf;tm;jzifh
wESprf #om &Sad yao;onf? jynfov
l x
l t
k wGi;f e,fcs@J qef@usiaf &;pdw"f mwf tvGejf rifrh m;aeao;aom umvvnf; jzpfayonf?

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f u
d mQ }uD;jrifah e+yD; zqyv twGi;f rSmvnf; &Sad eayao;onf?
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d o
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h nfh ,if;pufwifbmtHk ur_}uD;twGi;f Y pma&;pmcsrD sm;/
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f rm;rsm;/ v,form;rsm;tjyif ykvyd rf sm;yif yg0ifoydwaf rSmufc=hJ uavonf? TumvwGif
tvkyo
f rm;vlwef;pm;. wku
d yf rJG mS vnf; 'Da&jrifw
h iG f a&mufaeonf? aemuf+yD; v,form;rsm;. e,fcs@J tpd;k &qef@usiaf &;ESihf
ajr&Siyf a'o&mZfqef@usiaf &; wku
d yf rJG sm;rSmvnf; jrifrh m;aom tqifw
h iG f a&mufaeayonf? Tyuwdbm0
ta=umif;tcsurf sm;onf taxGaxGawmfveS af &; tHk ur_udk jzpfaprnfh ta=umif;tcsurf sm;yif jzpfawmhonf?
ok@d aomfu|eaf wmfw@dk . twWbm0tiftm;rSm rjynfrh pHk jzpfaecJah yonf? ygwx
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xk@d tjyif ygww
D iG ;f Y ba&muf'g0g'. '%f&m'%fcsuaf =umifh vufeufuidk w
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dk yf t
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d ;f url T'Da&jrifu
h dk csuaf umif;,lum e,fcs@J orm;ESihf
aphpyfI tm%m&,lomG ;cJ=h uavonf? xk@d jyifwcsed w
f nf;Y wk@d onf ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwu
D dk zqyv xJrS xkwyf pfc=hJ uonf?
ok@d jzifh taxGaxGawmfveS af &; tHk ur_}uD;rSm ,m,D&yfqidk ;f oGm;cJ&h ayonf?
ok@d aomf r=umvku
d af cs?
tcsed w
f u
kd mvtwGi;f rSmyif ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygw.
D acgi;f aqmifra_ tmufwiG f vlxw
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d ;f ukyd g qef@usiw
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zqyv tpk;d &u ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwt
D ; vufeufjzifh pwifzEd ydS cf ahJ wmhonf? Ttcsed w
f iG rf l ygw.
D twWbm0
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k &mjynfph akH e+yD jzpfonf? txl;ojzifh azmufjyefaomtpk;d &u vufeufjzifh zdEydS v
f mv#if vufeufjzifh
wk@H jyef&rnfqkad om oabmxm; ygww
D iG f &Sad eay+yD? ok@d jzifh vufeufuidk w
f efjyefawmfveS af &;ukd vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;jzifh
wH@k jyefwu
dk cf u
dk jf cif; jzpfay:vmawmhonf?
twWbm0 tiftm;qko
d nfxw
J iG f awmfveS af &;vrf;pOf/ Tvrf;pOft& pnf;H;k xm;aom tiftm;/ xk@d jyif
wu,ftckid t
f rm vufawG@jyifqifxm;r_ponfw@kd rmS ta&;ygaom tpdwt
f ykid ;f rsm; jzpfayonf? wck ok@d r[kwf wck csKd @,iG ;f
csKd @wahJ eI rjzpfay? xk@d a=umifh Tae&mwGif wifjyp&m&So
d nfrmS 48 ckEpS w
f iG f tckid t
f rmvufawG@ jyifqifxm;r_rmS
odyrf vHak vmufao;qdak om tcsuyf if jzpfonf? ok@d aomf ygwt
D aejzifh vufeufuidk w
f efjyefawmfveS af &;tm;
vufeufuidk af wmfveS af &;jzifh wH@k jyefjcif;ukrd l ckid cf idk rf mrm vkyEf idk cf ahJ yonf?
wwd,t}udrf jynfv;kH u|wf ygwu
D eG *f &ufo@dk wifoiG ;f aom A[kad umfrwD. Ekid if aH &;tpD&ifcpH mwGif 1948 - 49
ckEpS u
f mv tajctaeukd awmfveS af &;'Da&jrif[
h k azmfjyxm;ayonf? xkpd Ofu tajctaeukd wifjy&v#if tvkyo
f rm;rsm;rSm
Ekid if w
H eHwvsm;wGif oydwaf rSmufae=uonf? wjynfv;kH &Sd ausmif;om;rsm;vnf; oydwaf rSmufae=uonf? b%f;Hk ponfh tpk;d &.
tkycf sKyfa&;,E&m;rsm;xJrS tr_xrf;rsm;uvnf; oydwaf rSmufae=uonf? tcsKd @ae&mrsm;wGif ykvyd rf sm;yg oydwaf rSmufae=uonf?
+cHKIajym&v#if zqyv . zdEydS af &;,E&m;}uD;wckv;kH oGucf smyg'vku
d af eayonf? aus;vufwiG &f adS om v,form;rsm;uvnf;
tpk;d &ukq
d ef@usio
f nfh wku
d yf rJG sm; tajrmuftjrm; qifEaJ$ e=uonf? xkpd Ofu zqyv tpk;d &taejzifh v,form;rsm;ukd
r_id ;f wku
d &f mwGif t"dua'guw
f idk jf zpfaom ajr,maumfrwDrsm;ukd t*Fvyd v
f dk bkwf [k ac:+yD; v,form;rsm;uvnf; bkw[
f yk if
ac:=uonf? ,if;bkwrf sm;ESihf ajr&Siaf wGudk qef@usiaf om v,form;rsm;. wku
d yf rJG sm;rSm jyif;xefvo
S nf? tcsKd @ae&mwGif
vufeufuidk af wmfveS o
f nfh tqifo
h @dk yif a&mufc=hJ uonf?
TtajctaewGif zqyv vuf,m*k%
d ;f . tjrKawjzpfaom qk&d ,
S v
f pfygwrD mS waumifuufjzpfomG ;&onf? zqyv
vuf,m*k%
d ;f twGi;f a&mufaeaom jynfo@l &aJ bmftzG@J onfvnf; awmfveS af &;bufo@dk a&mufvmonf?
Tjynfo@l &aJ bmfwyfz@JG qo
dk nfrmS zufqpfawmfveS af &;umvu *syefzufqpfudk vufeufuidk w
f u
dk cf u
dk cf =hJ uonfh ppfom;
ppfAv
dk af [mif;rsm;.tzG@J jzpfayonf? TtzG@J udk zufqpfawmfveS af &;+yD;ump tcsed w
f iG f u|eaf wmfw@dk ygwu
D OD;pD;I
zG@J pnf;ay;xm;cJjh cif; jzpfonf? zqyv xJrS uGejf rLepfygwu
D dk xkwyf pfaomtcgwiG f jynfo@l &aJ bmfwyfz@JG x&J dS
uGejf rLepfygw0D ifrsm;uvnf; ,if;tzG@J xrJ S xGuv
f m=uum wyfet
D zG@J udk zG@J c=hJ uavonf? xk@d a=umifh tESpo
f m&t& ajym&v#if
jynfo@l &aJ bmfrmS zqyv vuf,m*k%
d ;f xJrS tzsm;ykid ;f [k qk&d ayrnf?

txufwiG f azmfjyouJo
h @dk tvkyo
f rm; v,form; tr_xrf;t&mxrf;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;.
taxGaxGEidk if aH &;tHk ur_rsm;u jyif;xefaeonfEiS hf w+ydKifeufwnf;wGif zqyv vuf,m*k%
d ;f . tjrKawjzpfaom
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f pfygwrD mS waumifuufjzpfaeum wk@d . tzsm;ykid ;f jzpfaom jynfo@l &aJ bmfuvnf; awmfveS af &;xJ yJyh gvmaeonf?
TtajctaersKd ;rSm 'Da&jrift
h ajctaeyif jzpfawmhonf?
zqyv tm; Ekid if aH &; ppfa&;bufw@dk raS eI bufaygi;f pHk awmfveS w
f u
dk cf u
dk cf o
hJ jzifh zqyv rSm +ydKuGv
J mawmhonf?
om"ujy&v#if okawoejyKxm;aom pm&if;Z,m;wckt& 1948 ckEpS q
f u
D &efo.
l tiftm;rSm atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf?
t+rJwrf;wyf 17 &if;u vl 12300/ ,ltifyv
D @dk ac:wJh ppf&u
J vl 10000/ bDwt
D ufzv
f @dk ac:wJh Armjynfe,fapmifw
h yfu vlaygi;f
5350 (TwyfrmS jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpfvmrS qd&k ,
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f pfygwu
D uref;uwef; aumufz@JG cahJ om wk@d . trmcHwyf jzpfonf?) pkpak ygi;f
&efo@l tiftm; 27650 &So
d nf?
1948 ckEpS u
f mvwGif u|eaf wmfw@dk . wku
d yf rJG sm;a=umifh acsre_ ;f jcif;cH&r_rmS atmufygtwkid ;f jzpfonf? u|eaf wmfw@dk
wku
d yf rJG sm;. *,ufEiS hf &efow
l yftwGi;f ArmvlrsKd ;}uD;0g'ukd rauseyfrw
_ @dk tjyif ygwu
D pnf;H;k xm;aom tiftm;pkrsm;yg
&efo@l wyfxrJ S ykeu
f efxu
G v
f m=uonfrmS pkpak ygi;f tiftm; 9040 OD; &Scd o
hJ nf? xko
d @dk ykeu
f efxu
G =f ujcif;rsm; &So
d jzifh
&efot
l aejzifh uk,
d w
fh yfom;rsm;tm; jyefzrf;csKyfxm;&jcif;awGvnf; &Scd o
hJ nf? xko
d @dk zrf;csKyfxm;&olaygi;f rSm 1330 OD;&So
d nf?
Ttjcif;t&mrsm;a=umifh pdw"f mwfus+yD; tdrjf yefomG ;=uolaygi;f u 870 OD;/ awmfveS af &;wyfz@JG rsm;. acsre_ ;f jcif;cH&ojzifh
wyfysuo
f mG ;olu 2000? xk@d a=umifh pkpak ygi;f 13240 OD; acsre_ ;f cHvu
dk &f onf[k qdEk idk af yonf? TonfrmS &efow
l yf.
tiftm;w0ufcef@ acsre_ ;f cHvu
dk &f jcif; jzpfayonf?
txufwiG f wifjycJah om tajctaersm;ukd csKyfvu
dk v
f #if vuf0*J %
dk ;f oli,fem pmtkyw
f iG f &JabmfveD if axmufjycJah om
tajctaersKd ;yif jzpfavonf?
awmfveS af &;w&yf jzpfay:vm&efrmS aoG;pkycf EH iS hf zdEydS cf v
H x
l rk sm;u enf;vrf;a[mif;twkid ;f aexkid &f ef rjzpfEidk af =umif;
odem;vnfI ajymif;vJru
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k mHrk #EiS hf rvHak vmufay? awmfveS af &;w&yfjzpfay:vm&efrmS aoG;pkyo
f rl sm;u
enf;vrf;a[mif;twkid ;f aexkid u
f m tkypf ;dk jcif;rjyKEkid &f efvnf; vdt
k yfayonf? atmufajcvlwef;pm;rsm;u
enf;vrf;a[mif;twkid ;f aexdik &f ef tvkrd &Sb
d ?J txuftqift
h wef;rsm;u enf;vrf;a[mif;twkid ;f
qufvufrvkyaf qmifEidk af omtcgro
S mv#if awmfveS af &;atmifjrifEidk af yonf? TtrSew
f &m;ukd tjcm;enf;jzifh
azmfjy&rnfqadk omf (aoG;pkycf EH iS hf aoG;pkyo
f rl sm; 2 OD;pvH;k ukd oufa&mufonf)h wEkid if v
H ;kH twkid ;f twmaqmifaom
usyw
f nf;r_uyf r&Syd gu awmfveS af &;onf rjzpfEidk af cs(ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD bmomjyefEiS hf yHEk ydS Xf mexkwf uGejf rLepf0g'v_y&f mS ;r_twGi;f &Sd vuf0*J %
dk ;f oli,fempmtky/f pmrsuEf mS 128-129)?
1948-49 ckqw
D ek ;f u tajctaerSm awmfveS af &;taejzifh atmifyu
JG dk vSr;f jrifae&aom tajctaersKd ;jzpfavonf?
awmfveS af &; atmifycJG &H rnfqo
dk nfrmS pdwu
f ;l psmefxu
J t&m r[kwaf wmh/ vufawG@yk b
f 0tajctae jzpfaeonf? &eforl mS
&efuek t
f pk;d &[k trnfcaH vmufom &Sad wmh+yD; wjynfv;kH ukd vufvw
$ &f vkvk tajctaeok@d qku
d af &mufaeonf?
&efo@l tajctaerSm rnfr#txd qk;d 0g;oenf;qkrd l ol@wyfrsm;ukd vufeufc,
J rf;wyfqif&eftwGuyf if tcuftcJrsm; &Sv
d mojzifh
tdE,
dN azmufjyefa&; tpk;d &xHrS wyf&if; 10 &if;pm tultnD ,lc&hJ avonf? tif'edk ;D &Sm;Ekid if rH v
S nf; av,mOftcsKd @
tultnD,cl &hJ onf?
od@k aomf 48-49 ckEpS f 'Da&jrifrh mS edrq
hf if;oGm;cJo
h nf? u|eaf wmfw@dk . twWbm0tiftm; rjynfph b
kH ;l rvHak vmufb;l [kyif
qd&k ayrnf? 'Da&jrifw
h ckuu
dk m; vufvw
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f mG ;cJ&h av+yD? 'Da&edro
hf @dk ajymif;oGm;onf[k qd&k ayrnf? ok@d aomf awmfveS af &;rSm
vH;k 0tzwfqnfr&avmufatmif usqif;oGm;jcif;awmh r[kw?f 'Da&edrw
hf &yfo@dk a&muf&o
dS mG ;jcif;om jzpfonf? xk'd aD &edru
hf m;
,ae@txdyif &Sad eqJjzpfonf?
ok@d jzpfv#if 'Da&edru
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