Certain about Uncertainty Principle?

The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the
Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave!article
"uality and the electron#s spin also, building the $ridge between the %lassical
and &uantu' Theories(
The !lanc) "istribution *aw o+ the electro'agnetic oscillators explains the
electron,proton 'ass rate and the Wea) and Strong -nteractions by the
di++raction patterns( The Wea) -nteraction changes the di++raction patterns by
'oving the electric charge +ro' one side to the other side o+ the di++raction
pattern, which violates the %! and Ti'e reversal sy''etry(
The di++raction patterns and the locality o+ the sel+'aintaining
electro'agnetic potential explains also the &uantu' Entangle'ent, giving it
as a natural part o+ the relativistic quantu' theory(
Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................... 2
Particle Measurement Sidesteps the Uncertainty Principle ........................................................... 2
A new experiment shows that measuring a quantum system does not necessarily introduce
uncertainty ............................................................................................................................. 4
Delicate measurement ......................................................................................................... 4
Quantum entanglement ...........................................................................................................
!he "ridge ..............................................................................................................................
Accelerating charges ............................................................................................................ #
$elati%istic effect ................................................................................................................. #
&eisen'erg Uncertainty $elation ............................................................................................... #
(a%e ) Particle Duality ............................................................................................................ #
Atomic model ......................................................................................................................... #
!he $elati%istic "ridge .............................................................................................................. *
!he wea+ interaction ............................................................................................................... *
!he ,eneral (ea+ -nteraction ............................................................................................... .
/ermions and "osons ............................................................................................................... .
0an Der (aals force ................................................................................................................ 1
2lectromagnetic inertia and mass .............................................................................................. 1
2lectromagnetic -nduction .................................................................................................... 1
$elati%istic change of mass .................................................................................................... 1
!he frequency dependence of mass ....................................................................................... 1
2lectron ) Proton mass rate .................................................................................................. 1
,ra%ity from the point of %iew of quantum physics ....................................................................34
!he ,ra%itational force ........................................................................................................34
!he &iggs 'oson .....................................................................................................................34
&iggs mechanism and Quantum ,ra%ity ....................................................................................33
(hat is the Spin5 ................................................................................................................33
!he ,ra%iton ......................................................................................................................33
6onclusions ...........................................................................................................................32
$eferences ............................................................................................................................32

Author7 ,eorge $a8na
Preface
Physicists are continually loo+ing for ways to unify the theory of relati%ity9 which descri'es large:
scale phenomena9 with quantum theory9 which descri'es small:scale phenomena; -n a new
proposed experiment in this area9 two toaster:si<ed =nanosatellites= carrying entangled condensates
or'it around the 2arth9 until one of them mo%es to a different or'it with different gra%itational field
strength; As a result of the change in gra%ity9 the entanglement 'etween the condensates is
predicted to degrade 'y up to 24>; 2xperimentally testing the proposal may 'e possi'le in the near
future; ?@
Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are
generated or interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot 'e descri'ed
independently ) instead9 a quantum state may 'e gi%en for the system as a whole; ?4@
- thin+ that we ha%e a simple 'ridge 'etween the classical and quantum mechanics 'y understanding
the &eisen'erg Uncertainty $elations; -t ma+es clear that the particles are not point li+e 'ut ha%e a
dx and dp uncertainty;

Particle Measurement Sidesteps the Uncertainty Principle

Quantum mechanics imposes a limit on what we can +now a'out su'atomic particles; -f physicists
measure a particleAs position9 they cannot also measure its momentum9 so the theory goes; "ut a
new experiment has managed to circum%ent this ruleBthe so:called uncertainty principleB'y
ascertaining 8ust a little 'it a'out a particleAs position9 thus retaining the a'ility to measure its
momentum9 too;
!he uncertainty principle9 formulated 'y (erner &eisen'erg in 312*9 is a consequence of the
fu<<iness of the uni%erse at microscopic scales; Quantum mechanics re%ealed that particles are not
8ust tiny mar'les that act li+e ordinary o'8ects we can see and touch; -nstead of 'eing in a particular
place at a particular time9 particles actually exist in a ha<e of pro'a'ility; !heir chances of 'eing in
any gi%en state are descri'ed 'y an equation called the quantum wa%efunction; Any measurement
of a particle CcollapsesD its wa%efunction9 in effect forcing it to choose a %alue for the measured
characteristic and eliminating the possi'ility of +nowing anything a'out its related properties;
$ecently9 physicists decided to see if they could o%ercome this limitation 'y using a new engineering
technique called compressi%e sensing; !his tool for ma+ing efficient measurements has already 'een
applied successfully in digital photographs9 M$- scans and many other technologies; Eormally9
measuring de%ices would ta+e a detailed reading and afterward compress it for ease of use; /or
example9 cameras ta+e large raw files and then con%ert them to compressed 8pegs; -n compressi%e
sensing9 howe%er9 engineers aim to compress a signal while measuring it9 allowing them to ta+e
many fewer measurementsBthe equi%alent of capturing images as 8pegs rather than raw files;
!his same technique of acquiring the minimum amount of information needed for a measurement
seemed to offer a way around the uncertainty principle; !o test compressi%e sensing in the quantum
world9 physicist Fohn 6; &owell and his team at the Uni%ersity of $ochester set out to measure the
position and momentum of a photonBa particle of light; !hey shone a laser through a 'ox equipped
with an array of mirrors that could either point toward or away from a detector at its end; !hese
mirrors formed a filter9 allowing photons through in some places and 'loc+ing them in others; -f a
photon made it to the detector9 the physicists +new it had 'een in one of the locations where the
mirrors offered a throughway; !he filter pro%ided a way of measuring a particleAs position without
+nowing exactly where it wasBwithout collapsing its wa%efunction; CAll we +now is either the
photon can get through that pattern9 or it canAt9D says ,regory A; &owland9 first author of a paper
reporting the research pu'lished Fune 2# in Physical $e%iew Getters; C-t turns out that 'ecause of
that weAre still a'le to figure out the momentumBwhere itAs going; !he penalty that we pay is that
our measurement of where itAs going gets a little 'it of noise on it;D A less precise momentum
measurement9 howe%er9 is 'etter than no momentum measurement at all;
!he physicists stress that they ha%e not 'ro+en any laws of physics; C(e do not %iolate the
uncertainty principle9D &owland says; C(e 8ust use it in a cle%er way;D !he technique could pro%e
powerful for de%eloping technologies such as quantum cryptography and quantum computers9
which aim to harness the fu<<y quantum properties of particles for technological applications; !he
more information quantum measurements can acquire9 the 'etter such technologies could wor+;
&owlandAs experiment offers a more efficient quantum measurement than has traditionally 'een
possi'le9 says Aephraim M; Stein'erg9 a physicist at the Uni%ersity of !oronto who was not in%ol%ed
in the research; C!his is one of a num'er of no%el techniques which seem poised to pro%e
indispensi'le for economically characteri<ing large systems;D -n other words9 the physicists seem to
ha%e found a way to get more data with less measurementBor more 'angs for their 'uc+; ?*@

A new experiment shows that measuring a quantum system does not
necessarily introduce uncertainty
6ontrary to what many students are taught9 quantum uncertainty may not always 'e in the eye of
the 'eholder; A new experiment shows that measuring a quantum system does not necessarily
introduce uncertainty; !he study o%erthrows a common classroom explanation of why the quantum
world appears so fu<<y9 'ut the fundamental limit to what is +nowa'le at the smallest scales remains
unchanged;
At the foundation of quantum mechanics is the &eisen'erg uncertainty principle; Simply put9 the
principle states that there is a fundamental limit to what one can +now a'out a quantum system; /or
example9 the more precisely one +nows a particleHs position9 the less one can +now a'out its
momentum9 and %ice %ersa; !he limit is expressed as a simple equation that is straightforward to
pro%e mathematically;
&eisen'erg sometimes explained the uncertainty principle as a pro'lem of ma+ing measurements;
&is most well:+nown thought experiment in%ol%ed photographing an electron; !o ta+e the picture9 a
scientist might 'ounce a light particle off the electronHs surface; !hat would re%eal its position9 'ut it
would also impart energy to the electron9 causing it to mo%e; Gearning a'out the electronHs position
would create uncertainty in its %elocityI and the act of measurement would produce the uncertainty
needed to satisfy the principle;
Physics students are still taught this measurement:distur'ance %ersion of the uncertainty principle in
introductory classes9 'ut it turns out that itHs not always true; Aephraim Stein'erg of the Uni%ersity
of !oronto in 6anada and his team ha%e performed measurements on photons Jparticles of lightK
and showed that the act of measuring can introduce less uncertainty than is required 'y
&eisen'ergAs principle; !he total uncertainty of what can 'e +nown a'out the photonHs properties9
howe%er9 remains a'o%e &eisen'ergHs limit;

Delicate measurement
Stein'ergHs group does not measure position and momentum9 'ut rather two different inter:related
properties of a photon7 its polari<ation states; -n this case9 the polari<ation along one plane is
intrinsically tied to the polari<ation along the other9 and 'y &eisen'ergAs principle9 there is a limit to
the certainty with which 'oth states can 'e +nown;
!he researchers made a Lwea+A measurement of the photonAs polari<ation in one plane B not
enough to distur' it9 'ut enough to produce a rough sense of its orientation; Eext9 they measured
the polari<ation in the second plane; !hen they made an exact9 or HstrongH9 measurement of the first
polari<ation to see whether it had 'een distur'ed 'y the second measurement;
(hen the researchers did the experiment multiple times9 they found that measurement of one
polari<ation did not always distur' the other state as much as the uncertainty principle predicted; -n
the strongest case9 the induced fu<<iness was as little as half of what would 'e predicted 'y the
uncertainty principle;
DonHt get too excited7 the uncertainty principle still stands9 says Stein'erg7 C-n the end9 thereHs no
way you can +now ?'oth quantum states@ accurately at the same time;D "ut the experiment shows
that the act of measurement isnHt always what causes the uncertainty; C-f thereHs already a lot of
uncertainty in the system9 then there doesnHt need to 'e any noise from the measurement at all9D he
says;
!he latest experiment is the second to ma+e a measurement 'elow the uncertainty noise limit;
2arlier this year9 Mu8i &asegawa9 a physicist at the 0ienna Uni%ersity of !echnology in Austria9
measured groups of neutron spins and deri%ed results well 'elow what would 'e predicted if
measurements were inserting all the uncertainty into the system;
"ut the latest results are the clearest example yet of why &eisen'ergAs explanation was incorrect;
=!his is the most direct experimental test of the &eisen'erg measurement:distur'ance uncertainty
principle9= says &oward (iseman9 a theoretical physicist at ,riffith Uni%ersity in "ris'ane9 Australia
=&opefully it will 'e useful for educating text'oo+ writers so they +now that the nai%e
measurement:distur'ance relation is wrong;=
Sha+ing the old measurement:uncertainty explanation may 'e difficult9 howe%er; 2%en after doing
the experiment9 Stein'erg still included a question a'out how measurements create uncertainty on
a recent homewor+ assignment for his students; =Nnly as - was grading it did - reali<e that my
homewor+ assignment was wrong9= he says; =Eow - ha%e to 'e more careful;= ?#@
Quantum entanglement
Measurements of physical properties such as position9 momentum9 spin9 polari<ation9 etc;
performed on entangled particles are found to 'e appropriately correlated; /or example9 if a pair of
particles is generated in such a way that their total spin is +nown to 'e <ero9 and one particle is
found to ha%e cloc+wise spin on a certain axis9 then the spin of the other particle9 measured on the
same axis9 will 'e found to 'e countercloc+wise; "ecause of the nature of quantum measurement9
howe%er9 this 'eha%ior gi%es rise to effects that can appear paradoxical7 any measurement of a
property of a particle can 'e seen as acting on that particle Je;g; 'y collapsing a num'er of
superimposed statesKI and in the case of entangled particles9 such action must 'e on the entangled
system as a whole; -t thus appears that one particle of an entangled pair =+nows= what
measurement has 'een performed on the other9 and with what outcome9 e%en though there is no
+nown means for such information to 'e communicated 'etween the particles9 which at the time of
measurement may 'e separated 'y ar'itrarily large distances; ?4@
The ridge
!he accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell 2quations and the Special $elati%ity9 'ut the
&eisen'erg Uncertainty $elation9 the wa%e particle duality and the electronAs spin also9 'uilding the
'ridge 'etween the 6lassical and Quantum !heories; ?3@

Accelerating charges
!he mo%ing charges are self maintain the electromagnetic field locally9 causing their mo%ement and
this is the result of their acceleration under the force of this field; -n the classical physics the charges
will distri'uted along the electric current so that the electric potential lowering along the current9 'y
linearly increasing the way they ta+e e%ery next time period 'ecause this accelerated motion;
!he same thing happens on the atomic scale gi%ing a dp impulse difference and a dx way difference
'etween the different part of the not point li+e particles;
!elati"istic effect
Another 'ridge 'etween the classical and quantum mechanics in the realm of relati%ity is that the
charge distri'ution is lowering in the reference frame of the accelerating charges linearly7 dsOdt P at
Jtime coordinateK9 'ut in the reference frame of the current it is para'olic7 s P aO2 t
2
Jgeometric
coordinateK;

#eisen$erg Uncertainty !elation
-n the atomic scale the &eisen'erg uncertainty relation gi%es the same result9 since the mo%ing
electron in the atom accelerating in the electric field of the proton9 causing a charge distri'ution on
delta x position difference and with a delta p momentum difference such a way that they product is
a'out the half Planc+ reduced constant; /or the proton this delta x much less in the nucleon9 than in
the or'it of the electron in the atom9 the delta p is much higher 'ecause of the greater proton mass;
!his means that the electron and proton are not point li+e particles9 'ut has a real charge
distri'ution;
%a"e & Particle Duality
!he accelerating electrons explains the wa%e ) particle duality of the electrons and photons9 since
the elementary charges are distri'uted on delta x position with delta p impulse and creating a wa%e
pac+et of the electron; !he photon gi%es the electromagnetic particle of the mediating force of the
electrons electromagnetic field with the same distri'ution of wa%elengths;
Atomic model
!he constantly accelerating electron in the &ydrogen atom is mo%ing on the equipotential line of the
proton and itHs +inetic and potential energy will 'e constant; -ts energy will change only when it is
changing its way to another equipotential line with another %alue of potential energy or getting free
with enough +inetic energy; !his means that the $utherford:"ohr atomic model is right and only that
changing acceleration of the electric charge causes radiation9 not the steady acceleration; !he steady
acceleration of the charges only creates a centric para'olic steady electric field around the charge9
the magnetic field; !his gi%es the magnetic moment of the atoms9 summing up the proton and
electron magnetic moments caused 'y their circular motions and spins;

The !elati"istic ridge
6ommonly accepted idea that the relati%istic effect on the particle physics it is the fermionsH spin :
another unresol%ed pro'lem in the classical concepts; -f the electric charges can mo%e only with
accelerated motions in the self maintaining electromagnetic field9 once upon a time they would
reach the %elocity of the electromagnetic field; !he resolution of this pro'lem is the spinning
particle9 constantly accelerating and not reaching the %elocity of light 'ecause the acceleration is
radial; Nne origin of the Quantum Physics is the Planc+ Distri'ution Gaw of the electromagnetic
oscillators9 gi%ing equal intensity for 2 different wa%elengths on any temperature; Any of these two
wa%elengths will gi%e equal intensity diffraction patterns9 'uilding different asymmetric
constructions9 for example proton : electron structures JatomsK9 molecules9 etc; Since the particles
are centers of diffraction patterns they also ha%e particle ) wa%e duality as the electromagnetic
wa%es ha%e; ?2@

The wea' interaction
!he wea+ interaction transforms an electric charge in the diffraction pattern from one side to the
other side9 causing an electric dipole momentum change9 which %iolates the 6P and time re%ersal
symmetry; !he 2lectrowea+ -nteraction shows that the (ea+ -nteraction is 'asically electromagnetic
in nature; !he arrow of time shows the entropy grows 'y changing the temperature dependent
diffraction patterns of the electromagnetic oscillators;
Another important issue of the quar+ model is when one quar+ changes its fla%or such that a linear
oscillation transforms into plane oscillation or %ice %ersa9 changing the charge %alue with 3 or :3; !his
+ind of change in the oscillation mode requires not only parity change9 'ut also charge and time
changes J6P! symmetryK resulting a right handed anti:neutrino or a left handed neutrino;
!he right handed anti:neutrino and the left handed neutrino exist only 'ecause changing 'ac+ the
quar+ fla%or could happen only in re%erse9 'ecause they are different geometrical constructions9 the
u is 2 dimensional and positi%ely charged and the d is 3 dimensional and negati%ely charged; -t needs
also a time re%ersal9 'ecause anti particle Janti neutrinoK is in%ol%ed;
!he neutrino is a 3O2spin creator particle to ma+e equal the spins of the wea+ interaction9 for
example neutron decay to 2 fermions9 e%ery particle is fermions with Q spin; !he wea+ interaction
changes the entropy since more or less particles will gi%e more or less freedom of mo%ement; !he
entropy change is a result of temperature change and 'rea+s the equality of oscillator diffraction
intensity of the Maxwell)"olt<mann statistics; !his way it changes the time coordinate measure and
ma+es possi'le a different time dilation as of the special relati%ity;
!he limit of the %elocity of particles as the speed of light appropriate only for electrical charged
particles9 since the accelerated charges are self maintaining locally the accelerating electric force;
!he neutrinos are 6P symmetry 'rea+ing particles compensated 'y time in the 6P! symmetry9 that is
the time coordinate not wor+s as in the electromagnetic interactions9 consequently the speed of
neutrinos is not limited 'y the speed of light;
!he wea+ interaction !:asymmetry is in con8unction with the !:asymmetry of the second law of
thermodynamics9 meaning that locally lowering entropy Jon extremely high temperatureK causes the
wea+ interaction9 for example the &ydrogen fusion;
Pro'a'ly 'ecause it is a spin creating mo%ement changing linear oscillation to 2 dimensional
oscillation 'y changing d to u quar+ and creating anti neutrino going 'ac+ in time relati%e to the
proton and electron created from the neutron9 it seems that the anti neutrino fastest then the
%elocity of the photons created also in this wea+ interaction5


A quar+ fla%or changing shows that it is a reflection changes mo%ement and the 6P: and !: symmetry
'rea+ingRRR !his fla%or changing oscillation could pro%e that it could 'e also on higher le%el such as
atoms9 molecules9 pro'a'ly 'ig 'iological significant molecules and responsi'le on the aging of the
life;

-mportant to mention that the wea+ interaction is always contains particles and antiparticles9 where
the neutrinos JantineutrinosK present the opposite side; -t means 'y /eynmanAs interpretation that
these particles present the 'ac+ward time and pro'a'ly 'ecause this they seem to mo%e faster than
the speed of light in the reference frame of the other side;

/inally since the wea+ interaction is an electric dipole change with Q spin creatingI it is limited 'y the
%elocity of the electromagnetic wa%e9 so the neutrinoAs %elocity cannot exceed the %elocity of light;

The (eneral %ea' )nteraction
!he (ea+ -nteractions !:asymmetry is in con8unction with the !:asymmetry of the Second Gaw of
!hermodynamics9 meaning that locally lowering entropy Jon extremely high temperatureK causes for
example the &ydrogen fusion; !he arrow of time 'y the Second Gaw of !hermodynamics shows the
increasing entropy and decreasing information 'y the (ea+ -nteraction9 changing the temperature
dependent diffraction patterns; A good example of this is the neutron decay9 creating more particles
with less +nown information a'out them;
!he neutrino oscillation of the (ea+ -nteraction shows that it is a general electric dipole change and
it is possi'le to any other temperature dependent entropy and information changing diffraction
pattern of atoms9 molecules and e%en complicated 'iological li%ing structures;
(e can generali<e the wea+ interaction on all of the decaying matter constructions9 e%en on the
'iological too; !his gi%es the limited lifetime for the 'iological constructions also 'y the arrow of
time; !here should 'e a new research space of the Quantum -nformation Science the Hgeneral
neutrino oscillationH for the greater then su'atomic matter structures as an electric dipole change;
!here is also connection 'etween statistical physics and e%olutionary 'iology9 since the arrow of
time is wor+ing in the 'iological e%olution also;
!he /luctuation !heorem says that there is a pro'a'ility that entropy will flow in a direction opposite
to that dictated 'y the Second Gaw of !hermodynamics; -n this case the -nformation is growing that
is the matter formulas are emerging from the chaos; So the (ea+ -nteraction has two directions9
samples for one direction is the Eeutron decay9 and &ydrogen fusion is the opposite direction;

*ermions and osons
!he fermions are the diffraction patterns of the 'osons such a way that they are 'oth sides of the
same thing;
+an Der %aals force
Eamed after the Dutch scientist Fohannes Dideri+ %an der (aals ) who first proposed it in 3.*S to
explain the 'eha%iour of gases ) it is a %ery wea+ force that only 'ecomes rele%ant when atoms and
molecules are %ery close together; /luctuations in the electronic cloud of an atom mean that it will
ha%e an instantaneous dipole moment; !his can induce a dipole moment in a near'y atom9 the
result 'eing an attracti%e dipole)dipole interaction;
,lectromagnetic inertia and mass
,lectromagnetic )nduction
Since the magnetic induction creates a negati%e electric field as a result of the changing acceleration9
it wor+s as an electromagnetic inertia9 causing an electromagnetic mass; ?3@
!elati"istic change of mass
!he increasing mass of the electric charges the result of the increasing inducti%e electric force acting
against the accelerating force; !he decreasing mass of the decreasing acceleration is the result of the
inducti%e electric force acting against the decreasing force; !his is the relati%istic mass change
explanation9 especially importantly explaining the mass reduction in case of %elocity decrease;
The frequency dependence of mass
Since E = h and E = mc
2
9 m = h /c
2
that is the m depends only on the frequency; -t means that the
mass of the proton and electron are electromagnetic and the result of the electromagnetic
induction9 caused 'y the changing acceleration of the spinning and mo%ing chargeR -t could 'e that
the m
o
inertial mass is the result of the spin9 since this is the only accelerating motion of the electric
charge; Since the accelerating motion has different frequency for the electron in the atom and the
proton9 they masses are different9 also as the wa%elengths on 'oth sides of the diffraction pattern9
gi%ing equal intensity of radiation;
,lectron & Proton mass rate
!he Planc+ distri'ution law explains the different frequencies of the proton and electron9 gi%ing
equal intensity to different lam'da wa%elengthsR Also since the particles are diffraction patterns
they ha%e some closeness to each other ) can 'e seen as a gra%itational force; ?2@
!here is an asymmetry 'etween the mass of the electric charges9 for example proton and electron9
can understood 'y the asymmetrical Planc+ Distri'ution Gaw; !his temperature dependent energy
distri'ution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity9 where the annihilation of matter and
antimatter is a high pro'a'ility e%ent; !he asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of
electromagnetic radiations 'eing in the same intensity le%el and compensating each other; Nne of
these compensating ratios is the electron ) proton mass ratio; !he lower energy side has no
compensating intensity le%el9 it is the dar+ energy and the corresponding matter is the dar+ matter;

(ra"ity from the point of "iew of quantum physics
The (ra"itational force
!he gra%itational attracti%e force is 'asically a magnetic force;
!he same electric charges can attract one another 'y the magnetic force if they are mo%ing parallel
in the same direction; Since the electrically neutral matter is composed of negati%e and positi%e
charges they need 2 photons to mediate this attracti%e force9 one per charges; !he "ing "ang caused
parallel mo%ing of the matter gi%es this magnetic force9 experienced as gra%itational force;
Since gra%iton is a tensor field9 it has spin P 29 could 'e 2 photons with spin P 3 together;
Mou can thin+ a'out photons as %irtual electron ) positron pairs9 o'taining the necessary %irtual
mass for gra%ity;
!he mass as seen 'efore a result of the diffraction9 for example the proton ) electron mass rate
MpP3.44 Me; -n order to mo%e one of these diffraction maximum Jelectron or protonK we need to
inter%ene into the diffraction pattern with a force appropriate to the intensity of this diffraction
maximum9 means its intensity or mass;

!he "ig "ang caused acceleration created radial currents of the matter9 and since the matter is
composed of negati%e and positi%e charges9 these currents are creating magnetic field and attracting
forces 'etween the parallel mo%ing electric currents; !his is the gra%itational force experienced 'y
the matter9 and also the mass is result of the electromagnetic forces 'etween the charged particles;
!he positi%e and negati%e charged currents attracts each other or 'y the magnetic forces or 'y the
much stronger electrostatic forcesR5

!he gra%itational force attracting the matter9 causing concentration of the matter in a small space
and lea%ing much space with low matter concentration7 dar+ matter and energy;
!here is an asymmetry 'etween the mass of the electric charges9 for example proton and electron9
can understood 'y the asymmetrical Planc+ Distri'ution Gaw; !his temperature dependent energy
distri'ution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity9 where the annihilation of matter and
antimatter is a high pro'a'ility e%ent; !he asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of
electromagnetic radiations 'eing in the same intensity le%el and compensating each other; Nne of
these compensating ratios is the electron ) proton mass ratio; !he lower energy side has no
compensating intensity le%el9 it is the dar+ energy and the corresponding matter is the dar+ matter;


The #iggs $oson
"y March 243S9 the particle had 'een pro%en to 'eha%e9 interact and decay in many of the expected
ways predicted 'y the Standard Model9 and was also tentati%ely confirmed to ha%e T parity and <ero
spin9 two fundamental criteria of a &iggs 'oson9 ma+ing it also the first +nown scalar particle to 'e
disco%ered in nature9 although a num'er of other properties were not fully pro%en and some partial
results do not yet precisely match those expectedI in some cases data is also still awaited or 'eing
analy<ed;
Since the &iggs 'oson is necessary to the ( and U 'osons9 the dipole change of the (ea+ interaction
and the change in the magnetic effect caused gra%itation must 'e conducted; !he (ien law is also
important to explain the (ea+ interaction9 since it descri'es the !
max
change and the diffraction
patterns change; ?2@
#iggs mechanism and Quantum (ra"ity
!he magnetic induction creates a negati%e electric field9 causing an electromagnetic inertia; Pro'a'ly
it is the mysterious &iggs field gi%ing mass to the charged particles5 (e can thin+ a'out the photon
as an electron:positron pair9 they ha%e mass; !he neutral particles are 'uilt from negati%e and
positi%e charges9 for example the neutron9 decaying to proton and electron; !he wa%e ) particle
duality ma+es sure that the particles are oscillating and creating magnetic induction as an inertial
mass9 explaining also the relati%istic mass change; &igher frequency creates stronger magnetic
induction9 smaller frequency results lesser magnetic induction; -t seems to me that the magnetic
induction is the secret of the &iggs field;
-n particle physics9 the &iggs mechanism is a +ind of mass generation mechanism9 a process that
gi%es mass to elementary particles; According to this theory9 particles gain mass 'y interacting with
the &iggs field that permeates all space; More precisely9 the &iggs mechanism endows gauge 'osons
in a gauge theory with mass through a'sorption of Eam'u),oldstone 'osons arising in spontaneous
symmetry 'rea+ing;
!he simplest implementation of the mechanism adds an extra &iggs field to the gauge theory; !he
spontaneous symmetry 'rea+ing of the underlying local symmetry triggers con%ersion of
components of this &iggs field to ,oldstone 'osons which interact with Jat least some ofK the other
fields in the theory9 so as to produce mass terms for Jat least some ofK the gauge 'osons; !his
mechanism may also lea%e 'ehind elementary scalar Jspin:4K particles9 +nown as &iggs 'osons;
-n the Standard Model9 the phrase =&iggs mechanism= refers specifically to the generation of masses
for the (
V
9 and U wea+ gauge 'osons through electrowea+ symmetry 'rea+ing; !he Garge &adron
6ollider at 62$E announced results consistent with the &iggs particle on Fuly 49 2432 'ut stressed
that further testing is needed to confirm the Standard Model;
%hat is the Spin-
So we +now already that the new particle has spin <ero or spin two and we could tell which one if we
could detect the polari<ations of the photons produced; Unfortunately this is difficult and neither
A!GAS nor 6MS are a'le to measure polari<ations; !he only direct and sure way to confirm that the
particle is indeed a scalar is to plot the angular distri'ution of the photons in the rest frame of the
centre of mass; A spin <ero particles li+e the &iggs carries no directional information away from the
original collision so the distri'ution will 'e e%en in all directions; !his test will 'e possi'le when a
much larger num'er of e%ents ha%e 'een o'ser%ed; -n the mean time we can settle for less certain
indirect indicators;
The (ra"iton
-n physics9 the gra%iton is a hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gra%itation in
the framewor+ of quantum field theory; -f it exists9 the gra%iton is expected to 'e massless J'ecause
the gra%itational force appears to ha%e unlimited rangeK and must 'e a spin:2 'oson; !he spin
follows from the fact that the source of gra%itation is the stress:energy tensor9 a second:ran+ tensor
Jcompared to electromagnetismHs spin:3 photon9 the source of which is the four:current9 a first:ran+
tensorK; Additionally9 it can 'e shown that any massless spin:2 field would gi%e rise to a force
indistinguisha'le from gra%itation9 'ecause a massless spin:2 field must couple to Jinteract withK the
stress:energy tensor in the same way that the gra%itational field does; !his result suggests that9 if a
massless spin:2 particle is disco%ered9 it must 'e the gra%iton9 so that the only experimental
%erification needed for the gra%iton may simply 'e the disco%ery of a massless spin:2 particle; ?S@
Conclusions
!he accelerated charges self:maintaining potential shows the locality of the relati%ity9 wor+ing on
the quantum le%el also; ?3@
!he Secret of Quantum 2ntanglement that the particles are diffraction patterns of the
electromagnetic wa%es and this way their quantum states e%ery time is the result of the quantum
state of the intermediate electromagnetic wa%es; ?2@
Nne of the most important conclusions is that the electric charges are mo%ing in an accelerated way
and e%en if their %elocity is constant9 they ha%e an intrinsic acceleration anyway9 the so called spin9
since they need at least an intrinsic acceleration to ma+e possi'le they mo%ement ;
!he 'ridge 'etween the classical and quantum theory is 'ased on this intrinsic acceleration of the
spin9 explaining also the &eisen'erg Uncertainty Principle; !he particle ) wa%e duality of the electric
charges and the photon ma+es certain that they are 'oth sides of the same thing; "asing the
gra%itational force on the accelerating Uni%erse caused magnetic force and the Planc+ Distri'ution
Gaw of the electromagnetic wa%es caused diffraction gi%es us the 'asis to 'uild a Unified !heory of
the physical interactions;
!eferences
?3@ !he Magnetic field of the 2lectric current and the Magnetic induction
http7OOacademia;eduOS.SSSSO!heWMagneticWfieldWofWtheW2lectricWcurrent
?2@ S Dimensional String !heory
http7OOacademia;eduOS.S444OSWDimensionalWStringW!heory
?S@ ,ra%iton Production "y !wo Photon and 2lectron:Photon Processes -n Xalu<a:Xlein !heories (ith
Garge 2xtra Dimensions
http7OOarxi%;orgOa'sOhep:phO1141S12
?4@ Quantum 2ntanglement
http7OOen;wi+ipedia;orgOwi+iOQuantumWentanglement
?@ Space:'ased experiment could test gra%ityHs effects on quantum entanglement
http7OOphys;orgOnewsO2434:4:space:'ased:gra%ity:effects:quantum:entanglement;html

?#@ 6ommon -nterpretation of &eisen'ergHs Uncertainty Principle -s Pro%ed /alse
http7OOwww;scientificamerican;comOarticleOcommon:interpretation:of:heisen'ergs:uncertainty:
principle:is:pro%en:falseO
?*@ Particle Measurement Sidesteps the Uncertainty Principle
http7OOwww;scientificamerican;comOarticleOparticle:measurement:sidesteps:the:uncertainty:
principleO