SUBCOURSE EDITION

IT 0601 C
US ARMY INTELLIGENCE CENTER
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES
Subcourse Number IT 0601
Edition C
United States Army Intellience Center
!ort Huac"uca# A$ %&61'(6000
) Credit Hours
Edition *ate+ ,ay 1- - .
SU/COU0SE O1E01IE2
T"is subcourse 3ro4ides in5ormation on t"e 3ro3er use o5 6uestionin tec"ni6ues durin an
interroation in order to ain t"e ma7imum amount o5 enemy 3risoner o5 8ar 9E:2;<detainee
in5ormation in t"e minimum amount o5 time= To understand "o8 to e55ecti4ely lead t"e E:2<detainee
t"rou" "is memory to obtain enemy dis3ositions=
Non(,OS -.E 3ersonnel s"ould com3lete USAICS subcourse IT 0606 3rior to ta>in t"is subcourse=
T"is subcourse re5lects current doctrine at time o5 3re3aration= In your o8n 8or> situation# al8ays re5er
to t"e latest 3ublication=
T"e 8ords ?"e#? ?"im#? ?"is#? and ?men#? 8"en used in t"is 3ublication# re3resent t"e masculine and
5eminine enders unless ot"er8ise stated=
TE0,INA@ @EA0NING O/AECTI1E
TASBS+ To a33ly direct 6uestionin tec"ni6ues to obtain all in5ormation 3ertinent to
interroation obCecti4e9s;= To identi5y s3ot re3ortable in5ormation durin t"e
interroation= To access and control t"e E:2<*etainee t"rou" 3ro3er use o5
re3eated and control 6uestions=
CON*ITIONS+ :er5ormed in a tactical en4ironment= Gi4en a E:2<detainee# ca3ti4e ta#
documents ca3tured 8it" t"e E:2<detainee# screenin re3orts# 3re4ious
interroation re3orts# interroation 3lan# ma39s; o5 t"e area 8"ere E:2<detainee
8as ca3tured# interroation notes# and a 3encil<mar>er ca3able o5 recordin
dis3ositions on a ma3Ds sur5ace# satis5y assined collection re6uirements# maintain
control o5 t"e interroation# and correctly 3re3are 8ritten interroation re3orts=
STAN*A0*S+ To demonstrate com3etency o5 t"is tas># you must ac"ie4e a minimum o5 .0E on
t"e subcourse e7amination=
i IT 0601
TA/@E O! CONTENTS
SECTION :AGE
Subcourse O4er4ie8 i
@ESSON 1+ Questionin Tec"ni6ues 1(1
Introduction 1(1
Questionin Tec"ni6ues 1()
Conclusions 1(-
:ractice E7ercise 1(11
Ans8er Bey and !eedbac> 1(1F
@ESSON )+ ,a3 Trac>in )(1
Introduction )(1
Assess ,a3 S>ills )()
Conclusion )(&
:ractice E7ercise )(.
Ans8er Bey and !eedbac> )(10
IT 0601 ii
@ESSON 1
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES
C0ITICA@ TASBS+ '01(''.(1F01
'01(''.(1&01
O1E01IE2
@ESSON *ESC0I:TION
T"is lesson 8ill enable you to a33ly direct 6uestionin tec"ni6ues# and assess and control t"e enemy
3risoner o5 8ar 9E:2; <detainee t"rou" use o5 re3eated and control 6uestions=
TE0,INA@ @EA0NING O/AECTI1E
ACTION+ To ensure 6uestions are com3re"ensi4e enou" so to3ic o5 interest is t"orou"ly
e73loited=
CON*ITION+ To select to3ics in 8"ic" t"e E:2<detainee is >no8ledeable=
STAN*A0*+ E:2<detainee ans8ers s"ould establis" t"e 8"o# 8"at# 8"ere# 8"en# and "o8=
0E!E0ENCE+ T"e material contained in t"is lesson 8as deri4ed 5rom t"e 5ollo8in 3ublication+
!, 'F(&)
INT0O*UCTION
Alt"ou" t"ere is no 5i7ed 3oint at 8"ic" t"e a33roac" 3"ase ends and t"e 6uestionin 3"ase beins#
t"e 6uestionin 3"ase enerally commences 8"en t"e E:2<detainee beins to ans8er 6uestions
3ertinent to s3eci5ic interroation obCecti4es= T"e tactical commander re6uires t"e ma7imum amount
o5 usable in5ormation in t"e minimum amount o5 time to ma>e decisions on "o8 to best em3loy "is
combat resources=
Questions s"ould be com3re"ensi4e enou" to ensure t"e to3ic o5 interest is t"orou"ly e73loited=
Ans8ers s"ould establis" t"e 8"o# 8"at# 8"ere# 8"en# and "o8= Questions s"ould be 3resented in a
loical se6uence to ascertain sini5icant to3ics are not nelected= A series o5 6uestions# 5ollo8ed by a
c"ronoloical se6uence o5 e4ents# is 5re6uently em3loyed# but t"is is by no means t"e only loical
met"od o5 as>in 6uestions= Se6uence ad"erence s"ould not deter t"e interroator 5rom e73loitin
in5ormational leads as t"ey are obtained=
T"e interroator must consider t"e 3robable E:2<detainee res3onse to a 3articular 6uestion or line o5
6uestionin and s"ould not# i5 3ossible# as> direct 6uestions t"at 8ill e4o>e a re5usal to ans8er or to
antaoniGe t"e E:2<detainee= E73erience "as s"o8n# in most tactical interroations# t"e
E:2<detainee is coo3erati4e= In suc" instances# t"e interroator s"ould 3roceed 8it" direct 6uestions=
1-1 IT 0601
*urin 3lannin and 3re3aration# t"e interroator uses "is estimate o5 t"e ty3e and e7tent o5 3ertinent
>no8lede 3ossessed by t"e E:2<detainee to modi5y t"e basic to3ical 6uestionin se6uence= He
selects only t"ose to3ics in 8"ic" "e belie4es t"e E:2<detainee "as 3ertinent >no8lede= In t"is 8ay#
t"e interroator re5ines "is elementDs o4erall obCecti4e into a set o5 s3eci5ic to3ics 5or e73loitation= T"e
maCor to3ics t"at can be co4ered in an interroation are s"o8n belo8 in t"eir normal se6uence= T"e
interroator is# "o8e4er# 5ree to modi5y t"is se6uence as "e deems necessary=
,issions=
OraniGation=
Strent"<3ersonnel=
Strent"<8ea3ons and e6ui3ment=
*is3ositions 9ma3 trac>in;=
Tactics=
Trainin=
Combat e55ecti4eness=
@oistics=
Electronic tec"nical data=
,iscellaneous=
QUESTIONING TECHNIQUES
*urin t"e 6uestionin 3"ase o5 t"e interroation# t"e interroator attem3ts to obtain all t"e in5ormation
t"e E:2<detainee 3ossesses 3ertinent to interroation obCecti4es= In order to 3er5orm t"is tas>
e55ecti4ely# interroators must be able to(
Em3loy ood 6uestionin tec"ni6ues=
0econiGe s3ot re3ortable in5ormation=
E73loit leads=
,aintain t"e modi5ied 6uestionin se6uence establis"ed durin 3lannin and 3re3aration=
Em3loy ma3 trac>in s>ills=
0ecord in5ormation obtained=
IT 0601 1-2
In a tactical en4ironment# usin a 5orein lanuae and o3eratin under se4ere time restraints# t"e
direct 6uestionin tec"ni6ue is t"e best c"oice= T"e direct 6uestionin tec"ni6ue((
Uses only 3ro3erly 5ormed# direct 6uestions beinnin 8it" a basic interroati4e# 5or e7am3le#
8"o# 8"at# 8"en# 8"ere# 8"y# "o8# 3lus 6uali5ier=
:ro3erly uses 5ollo8(u3 6uestions 5or com3lete in5ormation=
:ro3erly uses re3eated# control# 3re3ared# and non3ertinent 6uestions 5or interroation control
and to assess t"e E:2<detainee=
A4oids con5usin# ambiuous# and time(consumin 6uestions=
Uses loical to3ical 6uestionin se6uence=
*irect 6uestion c"aracteristics are((
/rie5# concise# sim3ly 8orded# and address t"e loo>ed(5or in5ormation=
As>s 5or a narrati4e res3onse 9cannot be ans8ered by Cust yes or no;=
:roduces t"e ma7imum amount o5 usable in5ormation# and i4es a reater number o5 leads to
ne8 6uestionin a4enues=
TH:ES O! QUESTIONS
!or ob4ious reasons# it is 3rudent to use ood 6uestionin tec"ni6ues t"rou"out t"e 6uestionin
3"ase= T"e interroator must >no8 8"en and "o8 to use t"e di55erent ty3es o5 6uestions# and be able
to use t"e 5ollo8in ty3es o5 6uestions((
*irect=
!ollo8(u3=
Non3ertinent=
0e3eated=
Control=
:re3ared=
*irect 6uestions are brie5# 3recise# and sim3ly 8orded= T"ey s3eci5ically address t"e in5ormation 8"ic"
t"e interroator 8ants to obtain= T"ey use 4ocabulary and rammatical structure understood by t"e
E:2<detainee= *irect 6uestions are 3re5erred durin interroations because t"ey most li>ely obtain
t"e desired res3onse= *irect 6uestions are 5ormulated 8it" t"e basic interroati4es 8"o# 8"at# 8"en#
8"y# 8"ere# and "o8= T"ey 8ill elicit a narrati4e in5ormational res3onse 98"at# "o8# or 8"y; or a
s3eci5ic in5ormational res3onse 98"o# 8"en# or 8"ere;=
1-3 IT 0601
/elo8 is a sam3le o5 "o8 correctly 8orded direct 6uestions are used=
I I Interroator=
E ( E:2=
I ( Ho8 many o55icers are in t"e t"ird motoriGed ri5le com3anyJ
E ( T"ree=
I ( 2"at are t"e duty 3ositions o5 t"ese o55icersJ
E ( Commandin o55icer# rear ser4ices o55icer# and 3olitical o55icer=
I ( 2"at 8as your most recent 3ast missionJ
E ( I 8as assined to a recon 3atrol=
!ollo8(u3 6uestions are desined to obtain additional in5ormation on a s3eci5ic subCect or to3ical area=
Questions usually 5lo8 one(5rom(anot"er based on t"e ans8ers to 3re4ious 6uestions= Interroators
as> a basic 6uestion and based on t"e ans8er# use 5ollo8(u3 6uestions to e73loit leads 3ro4ided by t"e
E:2<detainee to ensure all 3ertinent in5ormation in eac" to3ical area "as been obtained=
/elo8 is an e7am3le o5 usin ood 5ollo8(u3 6uestions=
I ( Hou mentioned "a4in been in /0AUSTEIN= 2"y 8ere you t"ereJ
E ( To 3ic> u3 more su33lies=
I ( 2"at >ind o5 su33lies did you 3ic> u3J
E ( Ammunition and 5ood=
I ( 2"en ( did you 3ic> u3 t"e su33liesJ
E ( *ecember second=
I ( 2"at time did you 3ic> u3 t"e su33liesJ
E ( Ei"t in t"e mornin=
No3ertinent 6uestions are used to conceal t"e interroationDs obCecti4e9s; or to strent"en
E:2<detainee ra33ort= T"ey may also be used to brea> t"e E:2<detaineeDs concentration or trail o5
t"ou"t# 3articularly i5 t"e interroator sus3ects t"e E:2<detainee is lyin= It is "ard 5or an
E:2<detainee to be a con4incin liar i5 "is concentration is 5re6uently interru3ted=
IT 0601 1-4
/y care5ully blendin 3ertinent 8it" non3ertinent 6uestions# t"e interroator can lead t"e E:2<detainee
to belie4e some relati4ely insini5icant matter is t"e interroation basis by as>in 6uestions in a casual
manner= T"e E:2<detainee may be reluctant to discuss t"e matter o5 interest# but 6uite 8illin to
discuss more 3leasant t"ins= T"e interroator may rela7 t"e E:2<detainee by 5irst discussin
irrele4ant to3ics usin non3ertinent 6uestions# t"en s8itc"in bac> to 3ertinent 6uestions 5or desired
in5ormation=
/elo8 is a sam3le dialoue 8"ere t"e interroator uses non3ertinent 6uestions=
I ( I can understand you mi"t be "esitant to tal> to me# but t"ese are Cust routine administrati4e
6uestions= E4eryt"in you tell me 8ill be >e3t in strict con5idence=
E ( 2ell# I do not >no8=
I ( I notice you are rubbin your "ead= *o you "a4e a "eadac"eJ
E ( No# I am Cust tired=
I ( Are you "a4in trouble slee3inJ
E ( 2ell# it is "ard to slee3 in a strane 3lace# and I can ne4er 5oret I am a 3risoner=
I ( I can understand t"at= @et me as> t"ese 6uestions# and t"en you can o and et some rest=
E( O>ay=
0e3eated 6uestions as> t"e E:2<detainee 5or t"e same in5ormation obtained in res3onse to earlier
6uestions= T"ey may be e7act re3etitions o5 t"e 3re4ious 6uestion# or t"e 3re4ious 6uestion may be
re3"rased or ot"er8ise disuised= 0e3eated 6uestions may be used to c"ec> t"e consistency o5 t"e
E:2<detaineeDs 3re4ious res3onses= T"ey may also be used to ensure accuracy o5 im3ortant details
suc" as 3lace names# dates# and com3onent 3arts o5 tec"nical e6ui3ment=
Since a lie is more di55icult to remember t"an t"e trut"# es3ecially 8"en t"e lie "as been com3osed on
t"e s3ur o5 t"e moment# t"e interroator can establis" errors by re3"rasin and disuisin t"e same
6uestion9s; 8"ic" t"e E:2<detainee "as already ans8ered= T"e interroator s3aces "is re3eated
6uestion9s; to 3re4ent t"e E:2<detainee 5rom antici3atin 8"at 8ill be as>ed=
T"e use o5 re3eated 6uestions may de4elo3 a to3ic t"e E:2<detainee re5used to tal> about earlier=
T"ey may also be used as a means o5 returnin to a to3ical area 5or 5urt"er 6uestionin=
/elo8 is a dialoue 8"ere t"e interroator uses re3eated 6uestions to ascertain in5ormation 3re4iously
obtained 8as accurate=
I ( 2"at ty3e o5 armored 4e"icles are in t"e anti(aircra5t batteryJ
E ( T"ere is t"e $SU )' and t"e /0*,=
1-5 IT 0601
I ( 2"at is t"e 5ull military nomenclature o5 t"e $SU )'J
E ( It is t"e $SU )'(F=
I ( Ho8 many $SU )'(FDs are in t"e batteryJ
E ( !our=
I ( 2"at armament is on t"e $SU )'(FJ
E ( It "as 5our )'mm anti(aircra5t mac"ine uns=
I ( Ho8 are t"e 5i4e $SU )'(FDs distributed 8it"in t"e batteryJ
E ( 2"at do you mean 5i4eJ T"ere are only 5our $SU )'(FDs in t"e battery=
I ( Ho8 are t"e $SU )'(FDs distributed 8it"in t"e batteryJ
E ( T"ere Is one in eac" un section=
Control 6uestions are de4elo3ed 5rom in5ormation 8"ic" t"e interroator >no8s to be true= Control
6uestions s"ould be based on in5ormation 8"ic" "as been recently con5irmed# and is not li>ely to
c"ane since t"at con5irmation= Control 6uestions are used to c"ec> t"e trut"5ulness o5 t"e
E:2<detaineeDs res3onses# and s"ould be mi7ed in 8it" ot"er 6uestions t"rou"out t"e interroation=
!ailure to ans8er t"ese 6uestions or 8ron ans8ers indicates t"e E:2<detainee may not be
>no8ledeable on t"e to3ic or "is ans8ers to ot"er 6uestions are also 5alse=
An e7am3le o5 a control 6uestion is to as> t"e E:2 8"at ty3e o5 indi4idual 8ea3ons "is unit "ad= Hou
>no8 5rom ot"er con5irmed sources "is unit "ad AB(.FDs= I5 t"e E:2 ans8ers 8it" anyt"in ot"er t"an
AB(.F# you "a4e a ood reason to disbelie4e "im= T"is o3ens t"e door 5or re3eated 6uestions=
:re3ared 6uestions are de4elo3ed in ad4ance o5 an interroation +o ain 3recise 8ordin or t"e most
desirable 6uestionin se6uence= T"ey are used 3rimarily 5or interroations 8"ic" are tec"nical in
nature# re6uire leal 3recision# or co4er a number o5 s3eci5ic to3ics=
In cases 8"ere t"e interroator 8ill touc" or se4eral 5ields o5 interest# it may be desirable to 3re3are an
interroation uide or outline to ensure all to3ics are e73lored= In t"e use o5 3re3ared 6uestions or
interroation uides# t"e interroator must be care5ul to a4oid restrictin t"e interroationDs sco3e and
5le7ibility=
@eadin 6uestions may 3rom3t t"e E:2<detainee to ans8er 8it" t"e res3onse "e belie4es t"e
interroator 8is"es to "ear= As a result# t"e res3onse may be inaccurate or incom3lete= A leadin
6uestion starts 8it"+ *id you ===== # Could you ===== # Are you ===== T"is ty3e o5 6uestion does not re6uire
a narrati4e ans8er= !or e7am3le# a 6uestion suc" as+ ?*id you o bac> to your unitDJ? T"e E:2 can
ans8er ?yes? or ?no=? Hou "a4e 8asted a 6uestion# but more im3ortant# 3recious time by "a4in to
re3"rase t"e 6uestion usin a 3ro3er direct 6uestion= @eadin 6uestions are
IT 0601 1-6
enerally a4oided durin interroations# but can be used by e73erienced interroators to 4eri5y
in5ormation= T"is is es3ecially true durin ma3 trac>in=
T"e interroator a4oids 4aue 6uestions as t"ey do not "a4e enou" in5ormation 5or t"e E:2<detainee
to understand e7actly 8"at is bein as>ed= T"ey may be incom3lete# ?blan>et? or ot"er8ise
nons3eci5ic# and create doubt in t"e E:2<detaineeDs mind= 1aue 6uestions tend to con5use# 8aste
time# are easily e4aded# and result in ans8ers t"at may con5use or mislead t"e interroator=
T"e interroator must be 3ro5icient 8"en usin di55erent ty3es o5 6uestions= Acti4e listenin and
ma7imum E:2<detainee eye(to(eye contact 8ill 3ro4ide e7cellent indicators 8"en to use 5ollo8(u3#
re3eated# control# and non3ertinent 6uestions= T"e interroator must use direct and 5ollo8(u3
6uestions to 5ully e73loit subCects 3ertinent to interroation obCecti4e9s;= He s"ould 3eriodically include
control# re3eated# and non3ertinent 6uestions to c"ec> t"e sincerity and consistency o5 E:2<detainee
res3onses# and to strent"en ra33ort= A res3onse 8"ic" is inconsistent 8it" earlier res3onses or t"e
interroatorDs a4ailable data is not necessarily a lie= 2"en suc" a res3onse is obtained# t"e
interroator s"ould re4eal t"e inconsistency to t"e E:2<detainee and as> 5or an e73lanation= T"e
E:2<detaineeDs trut"5ulness s"ould t"en be e4aluated based on t"e 3lausibility o5 "is e73lanation=
T"ere are t8o ty3es o5 6uestions t"e interroator s"ould not use((com3ound and neati4e= Com3ound
6uestions as> 5or at least t8o di55erent 3ieces o5 in5ormation= T"ey are easily e4aded "ard to
understand# and brin an incom3lete ans8er=
An e7am3le o5 a com3ound 6uestions is+ ?2"at ty3e o5 trainin did you recei4e at t"e basic trainin
center and 8"at ty3e o5 trainin did you recei4e at t"e ad4anced trainin centerJ? T"e E:2<detainee
may ans8er bot"# only one# or neit"er one= T"e ans8er recei4ed may be ambiuous# incom3lete# or
bot"= *e5initi4e ans8ers to com3ound 6uestions are seldom recei4ed=
T"e interroator a4oids as>in neati4ely 3"rased 6uestions because t"ey are con5usin# and may
3roduce misleadin or 5alse in5ormation= Su33ose 5or a moment t"e interroator 3oses a 6uestion
suc" as t"is+ ?Hou do not >no8 8"et"er Smit" 8ent to t"e "ead6uarters last ni"tJ? T"e re3ly is ?Hes=?
*id t"e E:2<detainee intend to say# ?Hes# I >no8#? or did "e mean# ?Hes# it is true I do not >no8#? or
did "e mean# ?Hes# Smit" 8as t"ere=? T"e ambiuity is cau"t 8"en t"e ans8er is recei4ed# but
anot"er 6uestion must be as>ed to clari5y t"e doubt= I5 t"e interroator 5ails to note t"e neati4e
6uestion# in all 3robability "e 8ill elicit an ans8er t"e E:2<detainee ne4er meant to i4e= In eit"er
case# t"e delay or t"e resultin loss o5 an im3ortant 3oint detracts 5rom t"e interroationDs
e55ecti4eness=
Aust >no8in 8"at t"e ty3es o5 6uestions are# "o8 to identity t"em# and somet"in about "o8 t"ey can
be used is not enou" to ma>e a 3ro5icient interroator= A ood interroator "as incor3orated t"is
t"eoretical in5ormation into "is 3er5ormance in e4ery interroation# and doin t"at re6uires 3ractice=
S:OT 0E:O0TA/@E IN!O0,ATION
S3ot re3ortable in5ormation is any in5ormation critical to t"e success5ul accom3lis"ment o5 5riendly
courses o5 action= In5ormation may be s3ot re3ortable e4en 8"en an interroator cannot determine its
immediate intellience 4alue= S3ot re3ortable in5ormation is al8ays time(sensiti4e#
1-7 IT 0601
ans8ers su33orted# "i"er# or adCacent unitDs 3riority intellience re6uirements 9:I0; and in5ormation
re6uirements 9I0;=
NOTE+ T"e interroator may "a4e to tem3orarily terminate t"e interroation to re3ort t"e in5ormation=
T"e 4alue o5 s3ot re3ortable in5ormation de3ends on t"e s3eed 8"ic" it is 3rocessed= I5 an interroator
obtains in5ormation "e t"in>s is s3ot re3ortable# "e must com3are t"e in5ormation 8it" "is elementKs
o4erall obCecti4e statement= In5ormation relatin to any intellience indicators listed in t"e obCecti4e
statement are s3ot re3ortable= In5ormation relatin to indicators not listed may still be s3ot re3ortable=
T"e >ey to identi5yin s3ot re3ortable in5ormation is reconiGin its 3otential 4alue= I5 t"e in5ormation
indicates a sini5icant c"ane in enemy ca3ability or intent# it is s3ot re3ortable=
In5ormation inconsistent 8it" current order o5 battle 9O/; "oldins s"ould be s3ot re3orted i5 t"e
inconsistency concerns an im3ortant item# and t"e E:2<detainee "as i4en a 3lausible e73lanation 5or
t"e inconsistency= I5 t"e interroator cannot decide 8"et"er or not a 3iece o5 in5ormation is s3ot
re3ortable# "e s"ould act as t"ou" it is= T"is means "e s"ould 5ully e73loit it and record all 3ertinent
in5ormation= T"e interroator s"ould t"en consult 8it" t"e senior interroator 5or a 5inal determination
o5 t"e in5ormationDs 4alue=
S3ot re3ortable in5ormation is re3orted orally or 8ritten# usin t"e SA@UTE 5ormat 9see 5iure 1(1;=
HOT AN* CO@* @EA*S
@eads are sins 8"ic" alert t"e interroator t"e E:2<detainee "as additional 3ertinent in5ormation t"at
can be obtained t"rou" 5urt"er 6uestionin= @eads are 3ro4ided by t"e E:2<detainee in res3onse to
6uestions= T"ere are t8o ty3es o5 leads ( ?"ot? and ?cold=? A L"ot? lead# 8"en 5ully e73loited# may
contain s3ot re3ortable in5ormation= A ?cold? lead# 8"en 5ully de4elo3ed# may contain no s3ot
re3ortable in5ormation but is o5 intellience 4alue= T"e use o5 5ollo8 (u3 6uestions to 5ully e73loit L"otM
and ?cold? leads may re6uire t"e interroator to co4er to3ics "e did not list in "is interroation 3lan=
T"e interroator must e73loit ?"ot? leads as soon as "e identi5ies t"em= Once t"e interroator is sure
"e "as obtained and recorded all details >no8n to t"e E:2<detainee# "e issues a s3ot re3ort= T"e
interroator t"en resumes "is E:2<detainee 6uestionin at t"e 3oint 8"ere t"e L"ot? lead 8as
obtained= T"e interroator s"ould note ?cold? leads# as t"ey are obtained# on "is lead s"eet and e73loit
t"ose leads durin "is 6uestionin on t"e to3ics 8"ic" t"e ?cold? leads a33ly= ?Cold? leads may
e73and t"e interroation sco3e as t"ey may indicate t"e E:2<detainee 3ossesses 3ertinent
in5ormation in areas not 3re4iously selected 5or 6uestionin=
I5 t"e interroator does not 5ully e73loit all ?cold? leads obtained# "e must include in5ormation on all
leads "e did not e73loit in "is interroation re3ort=
HEA0SAH 9H<S; IN!O0,ATION
Hearsay is un4eri5ied# uno55icial in5ormation ained or ac6uired 5rom anot"er 3erson= 2"en re3orted# it
must include t"e most 3recise in5ormation 3ossible o5 its source= T"is 8ill include t"e name# duty
3osition# and 5ull unit desination o5 t"e 3erson 8"o 3ro4ided t"e in5ormation# and t"e date time rou3
8"en t"e E:2<detainee obtained t"e in5ormation=
QUESTIONING SEQUENCE
T"e interroator s"ould bein 6uestionin 8it" t"e 5irst to3ic tentati4ely establis"ed as 3art o5 "is
interroation 3lan= Normally# t"e 5irst 6uestionin to3ic s"ould be concerned 8it"
IT 0601 1-8
determinin t"e most recent E:2<detainee duties= T"is in5ormation 8ill i4e t"e interroator an
im3ortant clue to eneral E:2<detainee >no8lede# and can 3ro4ide a transition to t"e ne7t 6uestion=
Clues obtained 5rom E:2<detainee duties 8ill "el3 determine t"e E:2<detaineeDs mission 3rior to
ca3ture= T"is in5ormation 8ill also aid t"e interroator in determinin missions o5 t"e E:2<detaineeDs
aency or unit# and t"ose o5 related units=
T"e E:2<detainee 8ill be most 5amiliar 8it" "is o8n unitDs acti4ities# locations# installations# or troo3
dis3ositions# and ot"er units 8it"in "is area o5 o3eration= He is best 6uali5ied to s3ea> about acti4ities
8"ic" "e 8as 3ersonally enaed in or obser4ed=
T"e E:2<detainee may be able to 3ro4ide additional in5ormation about adCacent areas= T"is 8ill
enable t"e intellience o55icer or usin aency to dra8 conclusions concernin ot"er sectors o5 t"e
enemy 5ront=
E4eryt"in t"e E:2<detainee contributes to t"e o4erall situation s"ould be re3orted= T"is includes
su33ortin unitDs locations# de3loyments# acti4ities# and in5ormation reardin area installations and
8ea3ons= It also includes all commanderDs names and ot"er 3ersons >no8n to t"e E:2<detainee=
T"e E:2<detainee may "a4e obser4ed items o5 intellience interest 8"ile mo4in in or t"rou" ot"er
areas= As> 6uestions on t"ese 3oints= I5 t"e E:2<detainee "as recently been in rear areas# "e may
"a4e in5ormation concernin reser4e units# artillery 3ositions# "i"er "ead6uarters locations# su33ly
installations and routes# 3re3arations 5or de5ense in de3t"# and ot"er related data=
T"e interroator obtains all t"e E:2<detaineeDs 3ertinent >no8lede in t"e to3ical area be5ore mo4in
on to t"e ne7t to3ic= T"e interroator s"ould maintain establis"ed 6uestionin se6uence to ensure no
to3ics are missed durin 6uestionin=
CONC@USIONS
As t"e 5inal 6uestionin ste3# t"e interroator s"ould obtain any additional conclusions# statements#
obser4ations# or e4aluations# es3ecially 5rom a >no8ledeable E:2<detainee= O55icer E:2 or
in5ormed noncommissioned o55icers and ci4ilian sources# 8"o may be 6uali5ied# s"ould be t"orou"ly
6uestioned as to t"eir conclusions# o3inions# and e4aluations= T"eir conclusions may be as im3ortant
as 5actual in5ormation= 2"en t"e interroator recei4es suc" in5ormation# "e must 5urt"er obtain 5acts
on 8"ic" t"e E:2<detainee based "is conclusions and<or e4aluations=
1-9 IT 0601
!iure 1(1= S3ot 9SA@UTE; 0e3ort
IT 0601 1-10
@ESSON 1
:0ACTICE ENE0CISE
T"e 5ollo8in items 8ill test your ras3 o5 t"e material co4ered in t"is lesson= T"ere is only one correct
ans8er 5or eac" item= 2"en you "a4e com3leted t"e e7ercise# c"ec> your ans8ers 8it" t"e ans8er
>ey t"at 5ollo8s= I5 you ans8er any item incorrectly# study aain t"at 3art o5 t"e lesson 8"ic" contains
t"e 3ortion in4ol4ed=
1= S3ot re3ortable in5ormation is re3orted(
A= T"rou" com3lete E:2<detainee e73loitation=
/= /y 5ollo8in u3 a ?cold? lead=
C= 2"en O/ "oldins are inconsistent=
*= Orally or 8ritten=
)= 2"en t"e interroator casually as>s t"e E:2<detainee "o8 "is 5amily is doin# t"is is an e7am3le
o5 8"at ty3e o5 6uestionJ
A= *irect=
/= 0e3eated=
C= !ollo8(u3=
*= Non3ertinent=
'= Generally# t"e 6uestionin 3"ase commences 8"en t"e E:2<detainee(
A= 0es3onds to your a33roac"=
/= 0e6uests 3olitical asylum=
C= /eins to ans8er s3eci5ic 6uestions=
*= 0econiGes a sini5icant to3ic=
F= T8o ty3es o5 6uestions t"e interroator s"ould not use are(
A= *irect and non3ertinent=
/= 0e3eated and 3re3ared=
C= Com3ound and neati4e=
*= !ollo8(u3 and control=
1-11 IT 0601
&= T"e direct 6uestionin tec"ni6ue uses(
A= Ambiuous 6uestions so t"e E:2<detainee does not realiGe "e is bein interroated=
/= !ollo8(u3 6uestions 5or com3lete in5ormation=
C= Questions 8"ere t"e E:2<detainee can ans8er ?yes? or ?no=?
*= 0ecordin de4ices to ensure not"in is missed=
IT 0601 1-12
@ESSON 1
:0ACTICE ENE0CISE
Ans8er Bey and !eedbac>
Item Correct Ans8er and !eedbac>
1= *= Orally or 8ritten 93ae 1(-;=
)= *= Non3ertinent 93ae 1(&;=
'= C= /eins to ans8er s3eci5ic 6uestions 93ae 1(1;=
F= C= Com3ound and neati4e 93ae 1(%;=
&= /= !ollo8(u3 6uestions 5or com3lete in5ormation 93ae 1(';=
IT 0601 1-14
@ESSON )
,A: T0ACBING
C0ITICA@ TASB+ '01(''.(1F0)
O1E01IE2
@ESSON *ESC0I:TION
T"is lesson 8ill enable you to de5ine and discuss t"e 5undamentals o5 ma3 trac>in=
TE0,INA@ @EA0NING O/AECTI1E
ACTION+ To e7tract 4aluable E:2<detainee in5ormation by tracin mo4ements and
obser4ations 3rior to ca3ture=
CON*ITION+ Interroator must be 3ro5icient in all as3ects o5 ma3 readin to obtain accurate and
detailed E:2<detainee in5ormation=
STAN*A0*+ To lead t"e E:2<detainee t"rou" "is memory# in a loical manner# to obtain
locations o5 enemy dis3ositions t"e E:2< detainee "ad >no8lede o5 8it"in .)
"ours o5 "is ca3ture=
0E!E0ENCE+ T"e material contained in t"is lesson 8as deri4ed 5rom t"e 5ollo8in 3ublication+
!, 'F(&)
INT0O*UCTION
E4ery interroator must be 4ery 3ro5icient in all as3ects o5 ma3 readin= ,a3s are used e7tensi4ely in
all interroations# and are e7tremely 4aluable tools 5or obtainin accurate and detailed E:2<detainee
in5ormation=
,a3 trac>in is a critical 5acet o5 ma3 readin s>ills# in t"at it 3ro4ides a means to e7tract 4aluable
E:2<detainee in5ormation by tracin mo4ements and obser4ations 3rior to ca3ture= T"is enables t"e
interroator to uide t"e E:2<detainee# usin t"e ma3# to a common reconition 3oint 5or t"e
E:2<detainee and t"e interroator= T"is i4es a beinnin 3oint 5rom 8"ic" to 8or> 8"en trac>in t"e
E:2<detaineeDs route to "is 3oint o5 ca3ture 9:OC; or t"e oriinal de3arture 3oint=
A military area ma3# 8"ic" includes t"e E:2<detaineeDs :OC# is a 3rere6uisite 5or a t"orou"
interroation= T"e re6uired ma39s; s"ould be obtained 3rior to t"e interroation= !or interroation
3ur3oses# lare(scale ma3s are t"e best# and s"ould be o5 t"e same scale as t"ose used by su33orted
intellience sections=
2-1 IT 0601
:OC coordinates assist t"e interroator in 3lottin t"e e7act :OC on t"e ma3# and 8ill aid t"e
E:2<detainee to recall area terrain 5eatures= T"e :OC is 3lotted usin a si7(diit coordinate=
!rom t"e ca3ti4e ta t"at accom3anies t"e E:2<detainee 93re3ared by t"e ca3turin unit;# or as t"e
result o5 6uestionin a uard or escort# t"e interroator can usually obtain in5ormation on t"e
E:2<detaineeDs time# 3lace# circumstances o5 ca3ture 9COC;# and t"e ca3turin unit=
T"e 5irst ma3 trac>in ste3 is 8"en t"e interroator and E:2<detainee become 5amiliar 8it" a round
location 8"ic" can become a common re5erence 3oint 9C0:; 8"ic" to bein ma3 trac>in=
Im3ortant ma3 trac>in 3rocedures are((
Bee3in t"e E:2<detaineeDs attention=
Ta>in co3ious notes as you trac> t"e E:2<detaineeDs route9s;=
ASSESS ,A: SBI@@S
T"e interroator as>s t"e E:2<detainee i5 "e can read t"e interroatorDs ma3= I5 "e can# t"e
E:2<detainee is as>ed to 3oint out route locations and 3ertinent dis3ositions=
I5 t"e E:2<detainee a33ears un5amiliar 8it" t"ee ma3Ds 5eatures# orient "im to t"e ma3 by e73lainin
t"e symbols# colors# rids and ot"er 5eatures= I5 t"e E:2<detainee is able to locate "is :OC a5ter t"is
orientation and is able to read t"e ma3# t"is ma>es t"e interroatorDs Cob easier and some ma3 trac>in
ste3s may be omitted=
As> t"e E:2<detainee to s"o8 t"e route tra4eled and locate a33ro3riate dis3ositions on t"e ma3=
@abel t"ese dis3ositions in t"e same manner as 8"en ma3 trac>in=
A5ter you "a4e determined 8"et"er or not t"e E:2<detainee can read a ma3# 8"at "a33ens ne7tJ
,a3 trac>in is based on t"e conce3t t"at t"e interroator is com3letely oriented to "is ma3 in relation
to terrain and t"e area in 6uestion= T"e interroation can# t"rou" 8ord and idea association# uide
t"e E:2<detainee t"rou" 4arious terrain 5eatures 8"ic" "e recently tra4eled 8it"out t"e
E:2<detainee bein able to read a ma3=
I5 t"e E:2<detainee cannot read t"e interroationDs ma3 "e must be as>ed i5 "e >no8s com3ass
directions=
I5 t"e E:2<detainee says ?no#? you must de3end on ot"er elicited in5ormation to ma3 trac>= T"is
means you 8ill "a4e to uide t"e E:2<detainee 4ery care5ully to determine "is e7act route=
I5 t"e E:2<detainee says ?yes#? 4eri5y 8"et"er or not t"is is true= As># 5or e7am3le# ?i5 you are 5acin
t"e risin sun# 8"at com3ass direction 8ould be on your ri"tJ? I5 "e ans8ers ?sout"#? you can e73ect
com3ass directions "e i4es to be accurate= I5 t"e E:2<detainee i4es any ot"er ans8er# t"e
interroator must rely u3on ot"er means to determine com3ass directions# 5or e7am3le# le5t or ri"t
instead o5 nort" or sout"=
T"e interroator may 5ind t"e E:2<detainee is most con5ident 8"en e73ressin "imsel5 in terms ot"er
t"an com3ass directions= 2"en t"is occurs# t"e interroator s"ould allo8 t"e E:2<detainee
IT 0601 2-2
to use "is o8n re5erence 5rames= Ho8e4er# t"e interroator must ensure "e understands t"e
E:2<detainee=
T"e basic idea is i5 t"e E:2<detainee cannot read a ma3# "e cannot 3oint out dis3ositions= T"e
dis3ositions must be obtained by uidin t"e E:2< detainee=
ESTA/@ISH INITIA@ CO,,ON 0E!E0ENCE :OINT 9IC0:;
T"e 5irst location t"e interroator s"ould try to establis" as t"e IC0: is t"e E:2<detaineeDs :OC=
Once t"is "as been establis"ed and 3lotted# t"e ne7t ste3 is to tell t"e E:2<detainee to describe t"e
:OC area= T"is aids in 3in(3ointin t"e E:2<detaineeDs :OC=
T"e :OC cannot be used# "o8e4er# unless t"e E:2<detainee can describe it 8ell enou" 5or t"e
interroator to be certain o5 its location= I5 t"e :OC cannot be used# t"e interroator must re4ie8
3re4iously mentioned locations and as> t"e E:2<detainee to describe eac" o5 t"em in turn= Once t"e
E:2<detainee describes a location 8ell enou" 5or t"e interroator to be certain o5 its ma3 3osition# an
IC0: "as been establis"ed= T"e interroator t"en mar>s t"at 3osition=
ESTA/@ISH *ESTINATION CO,,ON 0E!E0ENCE :OINT 9*C0:;
T"e interroator must re4ie8 t"e E:2<detaineeDs 3ast missions to identi5y t"ose 3oints "e actually
4isited= T"e interroator must also determine "o8 lon ao t"e E:2<detainee 8as at eac" 3oint# and
a33ro7imately "o8 5ar eac" 3oint is 5rom t"e IC0:= T"e interroator 8ants to select as t"e *C0: t"at
3oint 4isited by t"e E:2<detainee 8"ic" 3ro4ides t"e lonest tra4el route to t"e IC0:# and is still 8it"in
t"e su33orted commandDs area o5 interest= T"e *C0: selected must be a location t"e E:2<detainee
can describe 8ell enou" 5or it to be 3lotted on t"e ma3# e4en i5 it is not"in more t"an a eneral
4icinity= T"e *C0: can also be obtained by usin# as a eneral rule# a location 5urt"est bac> in time#
t"en distance# and# i5 necessary# "i"est in ec"elon= T"is 8ill enerally 3ermit t"e interroator to 5ind
t"e lonest route=
ESTA/@ISH 0OUTE
T"e interroator must establis" t"e route t"e E:2<detainee tra4eled bet8een t"e *C0: and IC0:=
2"en t"e *C0: is a s3eci5ic# identi5iable 3oint# t"e interroator can establis" t"e route 5rom it to t"e
IC0:# tracin t"e route in t"e same direction 8"ic" t"e E:2<detainee actually tra4eled= 2"en t"e
*C0: is an unde5ined 3oint# t"e interroator must establis" t"e route 5rom t"e IC0: to t"e *C0:=
T"is means t"e interroator must trace t"e route in t"e o33osite direction 5rom t"at tra4eled by t"e
E:2<detainee= T"e interroator s"ould establis" t"e route tra4eled by usin 3rocedures in t"e
se6uence belo8((
Obtain E:2<detaineeDs tra4el direction 8"en lea4in t"e IC0:=
Obtain sur5ace descri3tion on 8"ic" t"e E:2<detainee tra4eled=
Obtain distance E:2<detainee tra4eled in t"is direction=
Obtain 3rominent terrain 5eature9s; descri3tion9s; E:2<detainee remembers a5ter tra4elin in
t"is direction 5or t"e distance i4en=
NOTE+ T"e abo4e 5our items establis"es a C0:=
0e3eat 6uestions and 3lot res3onses until entire route bet8een IC0: and *C0: "as been
3lotted=
2-3 IT 0601
T"e interroator can 5ollo8 t"e same se6uence 8"en establis"in route actually tra4eled by t"e
E:2<detainee by beinnin 8it" t"e *C0:=
EN:@OIT *C0:
T"e interroator must obtain t"e e7act location and descri3tion o5 eac" enemy dis3osition t"e
E:2<detainee >ne8 about at t"e *C0:= T"e interroator does t"is by "a4in t"e E:2<detainee((
Identi5y and describe all items o5 military sini5icance belonin to "is 5orces 8"ic" are located
at t"e *C0:# 5or e7am3le# command 3ost 9C:;# mine5ield# or de3loyment=
:ro4ide 5ull unit desination 9!U*; o5 enemy units to 8"ic" t"ese military items belon=
*escribe all de5ense<security measures 8"ic" are located at or near t"e *C0:=
Identi5y E:2<detaineeDs in5ormation source# 5or e7am3le# 3ersonal obser4ation=
E73lain t"e last time E:2<detainee 8as t"ere# or "ad in5ormation about t"e dis3osition in
6uestion# 5or e7am3le# date o5 in5ormation 9*O@; or "earsay# i5 a33ro3riate=
As ot"er ma3 3ositions are located# label t"em in t"e same manner=
I5 t"e E:2<detainee relates "earsay in5ormation concernin locations# record t"is in5ormation on t"e
ma3 t"e same 8ay as be5ore= 0ecord t"e 5ollo8in in5ormation reardin t"e 3erson 5rom 8"om t"e
E:2<detainee recei4ed t"e in5ormation((
Name 9ran>;=
*uty 3osition=
:ersonDs !U*=
*OI=
Additionally# 6uestion t"e E:2<detainee as to 8"en t"is 3erson 3ro4idin "im t"is "earsay
in5ormation actually sa8 t"e location<acti4ity=
EN:@OIT 0OUTE SEG,ENTS
T"e interroator beins e73loitin t"e route 8it" t"e sement closest to t"e IC0: or *C0:= T"e
3re5erred 8ay is t"e sement closest to t"e *C0:= but eit"er can be used= 0oute sements are 5rom
t"e *C0:# to C0:# C0: to C0:# and C0: to IC0:= T"e interroator as>s t"e E:2<detainee+ ?!rom
t"is 3oint to t"is 3oint 9C0:;# 8"at o5 military sini5icance belonin to your 5orces did you see# "ear# or
>no8 o5J? I5 t"ere is no in5ormation# o to t"e ne7t sement= T"e interroator uses t"e same
3rocedure "e used to e73loit t"e *C0: to ensure "e 5ully e73loits all dis3ositions 5ound alon eac"
sement# 5or e7am3le# acti4ity# security measures# *OI# collocated unit9s;= I5 no dis3osition is 5ound#
o to t"e ne7t sement= T"ese ste3s are re3eated until all route sements "a4e been e73loited=
Additional dis3ositions not on E:2<detainee route9s; can usually be obtained by t"e 3rudent use o5 t"e
E:2<detaineeDs mission statement9s; and oraniGational line and bloc> c"art= T"ese items can i4e
clues as to location9s; o5 ot"er dis3ositions >no8n to t"e E:2<detainee=
IT 0601 2-4
EN:@OIT *IS:OSITIONS NOT ON 0OUTE
I5 t"e interroator obtains a dis3osition 8"ic" is not located on t"e establis"ed route# "e must establis"
t"e E:2<detaineeDs route to t"at dis3osition= T"e interroator treats t"is ne8 route t"e same 8ay "e
8ould any ot"er route sement# e73loitin t"e dis3osition and t"e route 5ully be5ore mo4in on to obtain
t"e ne7t dis3osition=
To com3lete ma3 trac>in# 6uestion t"e E:2<detainee about any ot"er locations# obCects# and so on#
o5 military sini5icance "e "as seen# "eard# or "as >no8lede o5 belonin to "is 5orces=
T"e outlined se6uence oraniGes ma3 trac>in so in5ormation obtained can be accurately 3lotted and
recorded= Correct 3er5ormance results in a 3roduct((t"e interroators ma3= *is3ositions must be
3lotted 8it"in 100 meters o5 t"eir actual location9s;= T"e descri3tion o5 eac" dis3osition must be
recorded# 3re5erably near t"e dis3osition site on t"e ma3=
CONC@USION
As noted earlier# ma3 trac>in is an interal 3art o5 t"e interroation= Here t"e interroator obtains
enemy dis3ositions t"at enables t"e tactical commander to ?see? t"e battle5ield so our ad4antae is
maintained= As t"e E:2<detainee is led t"rou" "is memory# in a loical manner# a 4alid reliability
scale can be determined by com3arin t"is E:2<detaineeDs in5ormation 8it" in5ormation already
obtained 5rom ot"er E:2<detainees=
2-5 IT 0601
@ESSON )
:ractice E7ercise=
T"e 5ollo8in items 8ill test your ras3 o5 t"e material co4ered in t"is lesson= T"ere is only one correct
ans8er 5or eac" item= 2"en you "a4e com3leted t"e e7ercise# c"ec> your ans8ers 8it" t"e ans8er
>ey t"at 5ollo8s= I5 you ans8er any item incorrectly# study aain t"at 3art o5 t"e lesson 8"ic" contains
t"e 3ortion in4ol4ed=
1= T"e interroator must establis" t"e route t"e E:2<detainee tra4eled bet8een t"e(
A= :OC and COC=
/= *C0: and :OC=
C= IC0: and COC=
*= *C0: and IC0:=
)= One im3ortant ma3 trac>in 5eature is((
A= Not to let t"e E:2<detainee see t"e ma3=
/= Bee3in t"e E:2<detaineeDs attention=
C= Ensurin t"e E:2<detainee can 3oint out "is :OC=
*= T"e E:2<detainee accurately relates "is circumstances o5 ca3ture=
'= To com3lete ma3 trac>in# 6uestion t"e E:2<detainee(
A= i5 "e told t"e trut"=
/= I5 "e 8ants to c"ane or add anyt"in=
C= About ot"er locations and obCects=
*= I5 dis3ositions are 8it"in 100 meters o5 t"eir actual location=
F= ,a3 trac>in beins 8"en t"e interroator((
A= Orients t"e E:2<detainee to "is ma3=
/= /eins to recei4e 3ertinent E:2<detainee in5ormation=
C= :lans and 3re3ares 5or t"e interroation
*= :oints out s3eci5ic ma3 5eatures to t"e E:2<detainee=
2-7 IT 0601
&= I5 t"e E:2<detainee cannot read t"e interroatorDs ma3(
A= Try and "el3 t"e E:2<detainee to read t"e ma3=
/= Cancel t"is interroation 3"ase=
C= Get t"e E:2<detainee a ma3 "e can read=
*= As> t"e E:2<detainee i5 "e >no8s com3ass directions=
IT 0601 2-8
@ESSON )
:0ACTICE ENE0CISE
Ans8er Bey and !eedbac>
Item Correct Ans8er and !eedbac>
1= *= *C0: and IC0: 93ae )(F;=
)= /= Bee3in E:2<detaineeDs attention 93ae )();=
'= C= About ot"er locations and obCects 93ae )(&;=
F= A= Orients t"e E:2<detainee to "is ma3 93ae )();=
&= *= As> t"e E:2<detainee it "e >no8s com3ass directions 93ae )(';#
IT 0601 2-10