Chap. I. MECHANICS AND STATICS.

339
1239. Pkobi.eji IX. To Jind tlie soliditi/
of
a spherical seranent.
Rule 1. From thrice the diametir of the sphere subtract double the heiglit of tlic
segment, and multiply tlie remainder by the square of the height. This product
multiplied by '5236 will give the content.
Rule 2. To thrice the square of the radius add the square of Its height, multiply the
sum thus found by the height, and the product thereof by '5236 for the content.
Example I. Required the solidity of a segment of a sphere whose height is 9, the
diameter of its base being 20.
Here, 3 times the s(juare of the radius of the base =300
;
and the square of its height =81, and 300 + 81=381
;
but 381 X 9 =3429, which multiplied by 5236 = 1795-4244, the solidity required.
Example 2. Required the solidity of a spherical segment whose height is 2 feet and
the diameter of the sphere 8 feet.
Here, 8 x 3-4 = 20, which multiplied by 4 =
80;
and 80 x 5236 =41-888, the solidity required.
It IS manifest that the difference between two segments in which the zone of a sphere is
included will give the solidity of the zone. That is, where for instance the zone is in-
cluded in a segment lying above the diameter, first consider the whole as the segment of a
sphere terminated by the vertex and find its solidity
; from which subtract the upper part
or segment between the upper surface of the zone and the vertex of the sphere, and the
difference is the solidity of the zone.
The general rule to find tlie solidity of a frustum or zone of a sphere is : to the sum of
the squares of the radii of the two ends add one third of the square of their distance, or the
breadth of the zone, and this sum multiplied by the said breadth, and that product ag.iin bv
1 -5708, is the solidity.
Sect. VII.
MECHANICS AND STATICS.
12-10. It is our intention in this section to address ourselves to the consideration of
mechanics and statics as applicable more immediately to architecture. The former is the
science of forces, and the effects they produce when applied to machines in the motion of
bodies. The latter is the science of weight, especially when considered in a state of
equilibrium.
1241. The centre of motion is a fixed point about which a body moves, the axis being
the fixed line about which it moves.
1 242. The centre of gravity is a certain point, upon which a body being freely suspended,
such body will rest in any pos tion.
1243. So that weight and poer, when opposed to each other, signify the body to be
moved, and the body ihat moves it, or the patient and agent The power is ihe agent which
moves or endeavours to move the patient or weight, whilst by the word equilibrium is
meant an equality of action or force between two or more powers or weights acting against
each other, and which by destroying each other's effects cause it to remain at rest.
PARALLELOGRAM OF FORCES.
1244. If a body D suspended by a thread is drawn out of its vertical direction by
an horizontal thread DE
iJ'y.5\9.),
such power neither increases nor diminishes the efl'orl
J-iK SlU.